Discussion

Discussion

[Name of the Student]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion

People in their late adulthood prefer mostly to live in the same residence in which they had spent most of their lifetime. The continuity theory can best explain this tendency in the older adults. Continuity theory states that aging adults view their future as an extension of their past, and prefer to keep up a consistency between the two (Berk, 2018). Aging adults want to continue engaging in similar activities which they had pursued in their past. This way they strive for integrating changes happening to their old age and ensure their past, present, and future to be coherent with each other. Individuals develop bonds with their relatives, neighbors, and friends over their life spans, and disapproving the option of alternative housing in the old age is due to the intention to continue living with the same people and doing the same things as they used to do in earlier age.

Psychological wellbeing of an aging adult determines the extent to which he or she will remain positive and active. Anxiety and depression in late adulthood can be caused due to lack of proper social support that may involve excessive amounts of help, ignoring that self-efficacy of the individual is being disturbed by it (O' Shea et al., 2017). A decline in physical health can lead to anxiety and depression. The highest rate of suicidal attempts in adults aged 85 or more suggests that physical health has a strong relationship with the mental health. Negative life changes increase the risk of getting stressed and depressed in the adults.

Group therapy is effective for the treatment of several psychological concerns of late adulthood. Individuals discuss openly with one another and learn and adapt from others. Reminiscence is a common old-age concern that can create anxiety and depression in individuals for dwelling on the painful past experiences (Berk, 2018). The therapists should encourage the participants of the group to recall their best memories that will have positive effects on their mental state. The therapists need to engage the participating older adults in sharing their happy memories for the collective benefit of them.

References

Berk, L. E. (2018). Development through the lifespan. Pearson.

O’ Shea, D. M., Dotson, V. M., & Fieo, R. A. (2017). Aging perceptions and self‐efficacy mediate the association between personality traits and depressive symptoms in older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(12), 1217–1225.

Discussion

Ethical issues and Failure in research

The ethical issue may arise with my research design as it is sensitive topic, so I have to be very careful. Another issue may arise due to gender-specific factor. The ideas and problems of different groups of women expand the boundaries of feminism, contributing to the development of the theory of multiculturalism and the practice of liberating all people. At the same time, it is necessary to realize that all researchers come from diverse cultures and social classes. Women participants in the movements and researchers represent different races, ethnic groups, professional interests, and age groups; they bring in different interests and ideas, which sometimes complicates mutual understanding and hinders consensus.

Women are separated not only by race and class, but also by age and sexual orientation. In addition, researchers of past studies also use a variety of approaches-specific approaches to address issues of barriers and factors in communicating failure (Campbell & Groundwater-Smith, 2007).Creswell (2008) states that qualitative methods are methods studies that allow researchers to answer the research questions by explaining tendency of findings based on information from informants. While, a qualitative approach operates within an interpretive research paradigm that utilizes flexible and sensitive data generation methods in social contexts and due to its mishandling, the outcome will be simply failure of research” (Creswell, 2008).

I believe to handle this gender specific issue we need to do comparison in two groups males and females and with same criteria. Like age, class, education etc. Another issue that may be ethical arise is related to culture. Feminists representing the indigenous population of America bring many of the traditional values ​​and practices of Native American cultures, centered on women, into modern women's studies. So ,to determine the culture of females in this research is important as well.

References

Creswell, JW (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating qualitative

&quantitative research (3rd ed.) . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill

Campbell, A., & Groundwater-Smith, S. (Eds.). (2007). An ethical approach to practitioner

research: Dealing with issues and dilemmas in action research. Routledge.

Discussion

Discussion

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion

Memory is the process of storing and recalling (upon demand) the information or knowledge that was previously acquired. It is a passive process or retaining information and is usually divided into two further types; short-term memory and long-term memory. The human brain functions in a number of complex ways to store and then retain the information that it acquires trough different sources (Whishaw, & Whishaw, 2014). It stores only the information that is relevant and deletes all the other unnecessary bits that it deems would not be valuable in the long-term future.

A number of theories have been presented by neurologists, psychologists, scholars, and other experts in order to explain this storage process. One of the very popular and widely accepted approaches in this respect is the Multistore Model of Memory, presented by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 (Bekinschtein, Cammarota, & Medina, 2014). The Multistore Model of Memory (also known as the modal model) is a structural model and explains that memory is stored in three places or stores, a sensory register, short-term memory (STM), and long term memory (LTM).

Sensory memory consists of the shortest time span and only lasts for ¼ to ½ second. It is sense specific and has different stores for each sense. Then comes the short-term memory that has a duration of 0-18 seconds and can store up to more than seven items. Finally, there is long-term memory, which has unlimited duration and capacity. It is mostly a semantic kind of memory, but it can be visual or auditory.

Although the information is elaborately stored in different parts of the brain and a person can easily recall it whenever it i8s needed; however, sometimes the process fails. There are multiple reasons behind this, and not a single factor can be blamed, but the most common reason is the overburdening of the neurons or the excess of information that is being retained by the brain.

References

Bekinschtein, P., Cammarota, M., & Medina, J. H. (2014). BDNF and memory processing. Neuropharmacology, 76, 677-683.

Whishaw, B. K., & Whishaw, I. Q. (2014). An introduction to brain and behavior. New York:: Worth publishers.

Discussion

Discussion

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

There are a number of studies which have been conducted by the researchers and analysts regarding assessing the influences of Genetics and Environmental on one’s intelligence or intelligence level. The influence of genetics and the associated factors is high on the intelligence level. The intelligence level can be found highly impacted by the genetics of an individual. It can be quantified that the genetics or genome that are associated with the IQ level of an individual has huge effect on the intelligence (Engelhardt, 2016). But it is also a fact that no one can state with confirmation that what is the amount of impact/influence (exact rate “figure”) of genes on the intelligence or how much intelligence level has been differed by one’s genetics. But! A number of genes are involved, and every gene makes only a small contribution to the intelligence level.

In terms of the relationship between environment and intelligence, intelligence is highly influenced by the environment, one lives in. In the environment, there are several factors such as home environment, learning resources, education, and parenting have influences on the intelligence. For instance, if the intelligence level such as IQ of an individual is same to the IQ level of his or her parents, then it can be signposted that it is due to the genetic factors which are passed down from parents, to the environmental elements, or more likely to the combination of both of them (Yates, 2018).

Hence, it is enough clear that both genetic and environmental factors have a huge role in the determination of intelligence level. In other words, it can be specified that both, Genetic and Environmental Influences the intelligence.

References

Engelhardt, L. E., Mann, F. D., Briley, D. A., Church, J. A., Harden, K. P., & Tucker-Drob, E. M. (2016). Strong Genetic Overlap between Executive Functions and Intelligence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(9), 1141.

Yates, H. L. (2018). Affective Intelligence in Built Environments (Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University).

Discussion

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Title: Discussion

The case of the child who was suspected of ADHD is intriguing and interesting to me. Although all of the cases had a similar situation where the diagnosis was showing something different to what was actually happening, the case of the child got my special attention because many times children are unable to express their inner feelings. They might not be suffering from anything and it might just be the effect of the environment. This may lead to a misunderstanding of the symptoms and reaching the wrong conclusion in terms of diagnosis of the problem. It requires a great deal of in-depth knowledge and skills to identify the things that are unsaid, only from the symptoms that are being displayed. There are many conditions where symptoms might be overlapping so a specialist mind can find the right target. Also, the way the psychologist was able to use the method of observation to reach the definitive conclusion is something really admirable. Another important thing to point out is the relationship between children and their parents. It is true that t parents might ignore certain minor features that have a huge impact on children. Children come with a blank canvas which is painted by what they see around them. Parents are the initial influence that paints the canvas. So, it should be necessary for parents to pay special attention to the children and their upbringing. If in any situation, there are some uncertainties regarding the way the child is performing, then the specialist should be trained like the psychologist in the examples to handle the situation well. The psychologist should not be shy to go out of the box when it comes to treating the patient.

Discussion

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Human being is a social animal for that matter he interacts his outside environment and uses this experiential information to change his cognitive patterns and behaviors. This is what we call learning in psychological terms. Classical and operant conditioning are two different types of learning that explains the causes of newly learned behaviors (McSweeney Murphy, 2014). Here are presented the main differences between classical and operant conditioning

AttributesClassical ConditioningOperant ConditioningDefinitionA type of learning in which an individual acquires information and uses this information to change his thinking patterns and behaviors through making associations between two stimuli (Coon Mitterer, 2018).A type of learning in which an individual acquires information and uses this information to change his thinking patterns and behaviors on the basis of consequences (reinforcement or punishment). Positive consequences strengthen learning and negative consequences diminish the behavior (McSweeney Murphy, 2014)Basic differenceLearning is based on the association between two stimuliLearning is based on the experienced or observed consequences of the actions FocusWhat goes ahead of responseWhat follows responseStimulusBoth conditional and unconditional stimulus direct learningOnly unconditional stimulus directs learningControlThis type of learning is controlled by the association between stimuli This type of learning is controlled by the human being himselfTargeted behaviorsInvoluntary or reflexive in natureVoluntary or conscious in natureExampleA child presented with a dreadful noise and his favorite toy at the same time, will learn that the toy must be avoided because it brings dreadful noise A child with when subjected to praise and clapping from teacher for helping his fellow being learns to be pro-social every time, he inspects his fellows in danger

References

Coon, D., Mitterer, J. O. (2018). Introduction to Psychology Gateways to Mind and Behavior. Cengage Learning. p. 220. ISBN 9780495599111.

McSweeney, F. K. Murphy, E. S. (2014). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning. Malden. MA John Wiley Sons. p. 3. ISBN 9781118468180.

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Discussion Week 5

Discussion Week 5

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion Week 5

Evaluation of DIE

DIE stands for depression inventory for the elderly. It is being evaluated upon three traits. These traits are appropriateness, strengths and weaknesses and usage of DIE.

Appropriateness

Being a Gerontological Counselor, the proposed scale that is under consideration will be used on the patients belonging to the said age group. Clinicians world over strongly agrees upon using DIE on the patients that come from the age group of the community (Rodda, Walker & Carter, 2011). For patients above 65 years of age, them being emancipated from professional services, the said DIE is in synchronization with the population of the area. This means that counseling services have adequately taken into account the needs of the targeted audience. The DIE has a reputation for being reliable and dependable which makes it more suitable to be used on the said age group.

Strengths and Weaknesses

As far as strengths and weaknesses are concerned, DIE is said to have both. However, these elaborated further. The DIE, which is specifically designed for the elderly, has clear enough specifications. This helps in the alleviation of depression in elderly individuals. While creating DIE, comprehensive analysis of different ilks of depression was done. Perhaps, the biggest feature of DIE is that it can measure the severity of depression in psychiatrically diagnosed elderly patients (Fried, 2016).

When it comes to weaknesses, it can be deduced that it requires just a little bit more evaluation in comparison to various scales available to measure depression.

Why use DIE

Taking into consideration the discussion above, I would conclude by saying that the DIE under consideration has features that are distinctive. These features are carefully established in order to cater to the needs of the target audience. Perhaps, that is the reason why I would include the said DIE in my practices. This DIE would help me to put up some outstanding diagnostic results that have a useful impact on the patients' lives.

Certainly, the making of DIE has changed the focus of healthcare professionals’ view of depression towards more patient-centered.

References

Fried, E. I., van Borkulo, C. D., Epskamp, S., Schoevers, R. A., Tuerlinckx, F., & Borsboom, D. (2016). Measuring depression over time... Or not? Lack of unidimensionality and longitudinal measurement invariance in four common rating scales of depression. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1354.

Rodda, J., Walker, Z., & Carter, J. (2011). Depression in older adults. BMj, 343, d5219.

Discussion 1

Discussion 1

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion 1

Firing Neurons | Cell Dance 2010, Public Outreach Video Winner

The video shows and states that the firing neuron revealed in the video is shown 20,000 times larger in reality. A hair will be 6 feet thick at the huge a tremendous magnification. These implausible chips work through electric signals. These chips even control each of our body and other functions which include everything from thinking to the moment of muscles from sending and hearing to watching and/or listening.

In the video, the way electric singles move over the entire body has been presented finely with the clarification that the thin extensions at top of the neuron are known dendrites which get singles from other neurons and then send the electric pulse by the thick lower tube of the neuron. This is known as the axon of the neuron (Firing Neurons | Cell Dance 2010, Public Outreach Video Winner, 2019). Furthermore, the video describes how much neurons, a human brain contains which are 100 billion and it would more than 300 years if we only want to just partially view all neurons.

The video also Sui up to the magnification of 20 million times where hair would thicken up to a mile. The video also teaches that each of neurons attains billions of proteins which are tiny little machines that are designed for performing a specific role.

Importance of Understanding Pharmacokinetics for Clinician

According to (Reoin, 2019), understanding pharmacokinetics is important for clinicians because the number of pharmacokinetic factors affects the clinical evaluation of antiarrhythmic agents. Beyond this, several results are obtained that depend on the administration of drugs orally and intravenously and this decision has been taken based on pharmacokinetics.

Clinicians need to understand pharmacokinetics because of it a particular science that controls that what happens to a drug from the time it has administered throughout its circulation inside the human body to the time (moment) it has ultimately eliminated from the human body (Ortwine, et.al, 2015). So that the clinicians would be able to perform accordingly and more efficiently.

References

Firing Neurons | Cell Dance 2010, Public Outreach Video Winner. (2019). YouTube. Retrieved 20 August 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIGqp6_PG6k

Ortwine, J. K., Kaye, K. S., Li, J., & Pogue, J. M. (2015). Colistin: Understanding and Applying for Recent Pharmacokinetic Advances. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 35(1), 11-16.

Reoin, K. (2019). The importance of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the clinical evaluation of antiarrhythmic drugs. - PubMed - NCBI. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 20 August 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3792734

Discussion 1

Discussion 1

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

1.

Psychiatric Hospitals or Clinics:

Psychological tests at psychiatric hospitals or clinics can be used for observation and clinical assessment. This assessment is about general appearance, eye contact, dress and speech ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"mEHbOFR9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Drummond & Jones, 2006)","plainCitation":"(Drummond & Jones, 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":137,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4LQNU29N"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4LQNU29N"],"itemData":{"id":137,"type":"book","title":"Assessment procedures for counselors and helping professionals","publisher":"Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall","ISBN":"0-13-170784-1","author":[{"family":"Drummond","given":"Robert J."},{"family":"Jones","given":"Karyn Dayle"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Drummond & Jones, 2006). Moreover, these tests also assist in the diagnostic process and can measure different variables such as intelligence and depression.

Medical Hospitals or Clinics:

Psychological tests at medical hospitals or clinics are used to develop different treatment plans. These are used to obtain social and biographical information ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"gMt9LMGA","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Drummond & Jones, 2006)","plainCitation":"(Drummond & Jones, 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":137,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4LQNU29N"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4LQNU29N"],"itemData":{"id":137,"type":"book","title":"Assessment procedures for counselors and helping professionals","publisher":"Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall","ISBN":"0-13-170784-1","author":[{"family":"Drummond","given":"Robert J."},{"family":"Jones","given":"Karyn Dayle"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Drummond & Jones, 2006). This information is then used in treating different mental ailments.

Family or Child Guidance Centers:

Psychological tests at family or child guidance centers can be used for knowing about child’s learning, his behavioral and personality development ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Ug0gxPnK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Mihura, Roy, & Graceffo, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Mihura, Roy, & Graceffo, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":138,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4P4658NF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4P4658NF"],"itemData":{"id":138,"type":"article-journal","title":"Psychological assessment training in clinical psychology doctoral programs","container-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment","page":"153-164","volume":"99","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Mihura","given":"Joni L."},{"family":"Roy","given":"Manali"},{"family":"Graceffo","given":"Robert A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Mihura, Roy, & Graceffo, 2017). These are then used in making different recommendations for child mental health.

Elementary and High Schools:

Psychological tests at elementary and high schools are used to check student’s academic progress, their learning abilities as well as their decision-making abilities.

Colleges or Universities:

Psychological tests at Colleges or universities assist the educationists in making different educational plans for students. These are also used to monitor their progress.

Businesses and Industries:

Psychological can be used at different business and industries settings for employee’s right selection ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"nh5wBhzT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Drummond & Jones, 2006)","plainCitation":"(Drummond & Jones, 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":137,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4LQNU29N"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4LQNU29N"],"itemData":{"id":137,"type":"book","title":"Assessment procedures for counselors and helping professionals","publisher":"Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall","ISBN":"0-13-170784-1","author":[{"family":"Drummond","given":"Robert J."},{"family":"Jones","given":"Karyn Dayle"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Drummond & Jones, 2006). These can check employee intelligence and provide information to employers to know about their personality.

2.

Psychological tests assist in finding the cause behind psychological symptoms and disorders. There are different types of psychological tests that can be used in different settings. For example, intelligence tests assess the intellectual and cognitive ability of a person ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"yH6dosib","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Drummond & Jones, 2006)","plainCitation":"(Drummond & Jones, 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":137,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4LQNU29N"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/4LQNU29N"],"itemData":{"id":137,"type":"book","title":"Assessment procedures for counselors and helping professionals","publisher":"Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall","ISBN":"0-13-170784-1","author":[{"family":"Drummond","given":"Robert J."},{"family":"Jones","given":"Karyn Dayle"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Drummond & Jones, 2006). These can be individual and group intelligence tests. Moreover, to assess achievement, there are a standardized achievement and diagnostic tests. Employees can also be assessed with these tests using different career and employment assessment tests.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Drummond, R. J., & Jones, K. D. (2006). Assessment procedures for counselors and helping professionals. Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.

Mihura, J. L., Roy, M., & Graceffo, R. A. (2017). Psychological assessment training in clinical psychology doctoral programs. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(2), 153–164.

Discussion 1 In Psychology Of Exeptional Of Children

Discussion 1 in psychology of exceptional of children

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion 1 in psychology of exceptional of children

All of us in one way or another are different from each other because there are several things which one can do, and others can't do it. Everyone has different abilities according to their skills so we can't call them disable on their abilities. These people are absolutely normal because they are different from each other on the basis of abilities not on the basis of impairments. Every people including children are different from each other. Some children are more active and understand things faster than the others, but it doesn't make others disabled. Disable people are those who are not capable of performing any activity themselves or with the help of others.

Differently abled is a different term as compared to disable term. Disability refers to that person has an impairment, and he/she cannot perform their regular activities. Different people have different abilities as some people are good at communicating with others, some are good in mathematics, some are good in computer science, some are good at writing, etc. However, these terms don't make them disabled, they are only differently able.

Every child is born with different abilities, and sometimes they are different from normal children. However it doesn't make them disable, these kind of children are differently abled. There are many disabilities found in children when they are born or when they grow up. For example, blindness, learning disabilities, deaf, and some others. When these disabilities are found they are considered as disabled in the society which is indeed wrong as they are differently able not to disable because they still have to ability to think and express themselves like normal people. Different programs and welfares are currently working for the education and health issues concern with the disable children to facilitate them just like a healthy child (Shrivastava & Ramasamy, 2014).

References

Shrivastava, S. R. B. L., Shrivastava, P. S., & Ramasamy, J. (2014). Differently Abled Children Striving to Lead a Normal Life What Program Managers Can Do. Global Journal of Medical Research.

Discussion 10

Discussion 10

Author

Institutional Affiliations

Discussion 10

There are several reasons for a stressful or a failed project within any organization. Sometimes there is only one root cause that leads to disastrous project outcomes while other times there might be a complex and entwined set of reasons. Within a group project, the lack of clear information about specified roles and responsibilities lead to confusions and mistakes. As long as all the members in a team including executive management, project managers, team members are not clear on the division of labor and time management, the project may lead to over budget and extended time consumption. Another common reason for stress among the team members is the lack of communication. People are not able to deliver their concerns or seek assistance due to competition or fear from the senior members. Personal counseling and meetings are not a usual trend among organizations and most of the communication takes place via e-mails and lacks the sense of appreciation or sympathy that is needed.

In order to improve the success ratio of any project, it is important to involve all members of a project in the documentation and report system. Everyone should have a collaborative relationship related to the updates of the performance and keeping up the books. The executives and project managers should encourage the team members, provide them with implementation details, and notice any issues the team might face during the project. There should also be sessions that allow everyone to pitch in their ideas and share their distresses about their roles. Thus, it is imperative to understand the visibility and objective of any project at hand and maintain proper coordination among all the members ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"rGd6vOuH","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Harley-McClaskey, 2017, p. 9)","plainCitation":"(Harley-McClaskey, 2017, p. 9)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":700,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/FWGE88FH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/FWGE88FH"],"itemData":{"id":700,"type":"chapter","title":"Chapter 9: Organizational Management: Strategic Goals and Project Management","container-title":"Developing Human Service Leaders","publisher":"Los Angeles: SAGE","page":"340","ISBN":"978-1-4833-9311-7","language":"en-us","author":[{"family":"Harley-McClaskey","given":"Deborah"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,21]]}},"locator":"9"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Harley-McClaskey, 2017, 9). I did not have any significant issues in any group project as I have the habit of communicating my concerns and clarifying the objectives and goals with my team members as well as my executives. It spares me all the glitches that people often face during group projects.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Harley-McClaskey, D. (2017). Chapter 9: Organizational Management: Strategic Goals and Project Management. In Developing Human Service Leaders (p. 340). Los Angeles: SAGE.

Discussion 10

Discussion 10

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion 10

In America eleventh leading cause of death is suicide and about 71% of counselors provide counseling to a client who attempts suicide. There are various methods of assessing suicide risk including Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, Comprehensive suicide risk assessment, Suicidal Ideation Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Brief Reasons for Living Inventory and more. These tools are ineffective for the determination of suicide risk , however, they are useful to measure variables that are closely linked with suicide. For instance, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is designed as a self-report tool which measures the negative and positive perceptions regarding the future. Comprehensive suicide risk assessment examines the information through assessment tools or individual’s loved ones and interviews of the client. In addition, Brief Reasons for living inventory assess through the information regarding the reason for not killing oneself whenever such thoughts occur ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"uQk52N6j","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Chegg: Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Chegg: Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":876,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/UIPXUJIJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/UIPXUJIJ"],"itemData":{"id":876,"type":"webpage","title":"Chegg: Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals","URL":"https://ereader.chegg.com/#/books/9780133586916/cfi/6/230!/4/2/18/10/2@0:0","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",7,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Chegg: Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals,” n.d.).

Assessment is useful to measure the risk of suicide. However, it is crucial to understand the difference between risk factors and suicide warning signs to save client’s life. Risk factors include the characteristics of client that can increase the risk of suicide like substance abuse, family history of suicide, recent loses, age, race, and gender. On the other hand, warning signs include the behavior of the client like hopelessness, isolation, talking about self-harm and death, anxiety, and mood swings. It is easy to determine the warning signs of suicide however, it is difficult to measure the risk factors behind the suicidal ideation. This is because one factor can not increase or decrease the risk of suicide. There are numerous factors that change the psychological behavior of the person. Therefore, assessment of suicide risk is difficult because it requires evaluation of the combination of suicide warning signs along with its risk factors ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hevTOOEH","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Zero Suicide - In Health and Behavioral Healthcare,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Zero Suicide - In Health and Behavioral Healthcare,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":878,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/SDEV2DH7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/SDEV2DH7"],"itemData":{"id":878,"type":"webpage","title":"Zero Suicide - In Health and Behavioral Healthcare","abstract":"Identify and assess clients for suicide risk","URL":"https://zerosuicide.sprc.org/toolkit/identify/screening-and-assessing-suicide-risk","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",7,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Zero Suicide - In Health and Behavioral Healthcare,” n.d.).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Chegg: Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2019, from https://ereader.chegg.com/#/books/9780133586916/cfi/6/230!/4/2/18/10/2@0:0

Zero Suicide - In Health and Behavioral Healthcare. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2019, from https://zerosuicide.sprc.org/toolkit/identify/screening-and-assessing-suicide-risk

Discussion 11

Title page

Discussion 11

Plan-do-check-act model is applicable in different professions and career. I applied this model during my services of social workers. The model was useful for identifying the problem and findings possible ways of solving it. During my job I had to plan for making improvement in services that could help clients in positive way. I planned to use cross cultural knowledge for addressing the needs of people belonging to different culture and ethnicities. The goal was to deliver high-quality service by knowing their religious and personal values. This strategy was important for choosing the strategy that could promote welfare CITATION Deb161 \l 1033 (Harley-Mcclaskey, 2016). The second stage was Do in which, I had to test the selected strategy. To test the significant for cross-cultural competency. I uses this technique on two people from different cultures. I chose one African-American woman and one Chicano boy. During my interaction with these people I managed to treat them according to their cultural values. I knew that African-Americans are concerned about religious and ethical concerns. I therefore managed to convince them by adopting a humble and empathetically attitude.

Check: in this stage I focused on collecting empirical data about the factors that might impact the interaction. I searched scholarly database for identifying the values that are common for the African-Americans and repeated the process for studying the behaviors of Chicanos. The final stage was to act, in which I managed to apply the knowledge and strategy that I had chosen for addressing the concerns of the people with different cultures. By applying the knowledge about the values and the cultural aspects I managed to improve my interaction with both patients. This strategy allowed me to understand the personal and professional values of the people with different cultures and I also improved my service quality.

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY Harley-Mcclaskey, D. (2016). Developing Human Service Leaders 1st Edition. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Discussion 11-12

Discussion 11-12

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion 11-12

Response 1: Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which a person cannot read or write and spell words. Due to this disorder, children face difficulties in their academic skills. The three academic skills that SLD impair in children are as follows:

• Reading: Children with SLD often face difficulty in reading. This condition is commonly known as dyslexia. In this condition, children are unable to recognize the words accurately. They also possess poor spelling and decoding abilities. Children with dyslexia also develop vocabulary at a very slow rate than other children (D'Mello & Gabrieli, 2018).

• Writing: Dysgraphia is a type of SLD in which children face difficulty in writing language due to the impairment in the motor-coordination. Another type of dysgraphia is language-based dysgraphia in which children struggle to construct meaningful written expressions. It is often observed that children with dysgraphia also have dyslexia.

• Mathematics: Dyscalculia is a type of SLD which is associated with extreme difficulty in mathematical abilities like numbers and the functions related to numbers like addition, subtraction, etc (Moll & Snowling, 2016).

Response 2: A counselor needs to have an awareness of their client's ethnicity, gender, and religion. Although, every person is different and requires different methods for counseling yet still factors like culture, ethnicity, etc. have a lot of impact on any person (Drummond, Sheperis, & Jones, 2016). The first step in multicultural counseling is to determine and acknowledge the difference between a counselor and client. Some of the factors that influence multicultural counseling are as follows;

Social factor: A counselor must be aware of the client’s cultural background and ethnicity to help him completely. Counselors need to counsel his or her patients without any biases. He should be neutral so that the client can open up easily.

Political factor: Everyone has his or her political views. Similarly, counselors also have their own opinion. However, it is necessary not to bring personal political views during the session as it hinders counseling process.

Environmental factors: Counselors must understand the community from where the client belongs as an environment influences a person directly and is the root cause of all the issues.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Drummond, R. J., Sheperis, C., & Jones, K. D. (2016). Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals. Boston : Boston : Pearson, [2016].

D'Mello, A. M., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2018). Cognitive neuroscience of dyslexia. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 49(4), 798-809.

Moll, K., Göbel, S. M., Gooch, D., Landerl, K., & Snowling, M. J. (2016). Cognitive risk factors for specific learning disorder: Processing speed, temporal processing, and working memory. Journal of learning disabilities, 49(3), 272-281.

Discussion 12

Title page

Discussion 12

As a leader I would integrate different strategies for bringing change that will encourage agency staff to work with dedication. The first step that I would take is soliciting feedback from employees. This is an important step for engaging them in the process of change. The employees feel that they are part of the agency and the leader value their suggestions. This will be an effective tool for building high-energy moral work environment. Many people are capable of giving innovative ideas that can help the agency in improving its position. Another strategy that I would use is creation of incentive program for employees. I would focus on creating autonomous work environment by that will allow them to evolve professionally and personally. Building relationship of trust is also crucial for improving morale of employees. They could be offered opportunities of growth and help in their critical time (Macclaskey, 2016). This will work to improve their level of efficiency and they will manage to overcome negative feelings.

As a leader I would focus on offering an open work environment where employees will be free to use their creativity and skills. Without pressure or restrictions on creativity employees will develop a positive sense and would manage to attain high morale. Recognizing work of employees and acknowledging them is also an important strategy of improving their morale. This will encourage them to work efficiently for receiving praise and reward. I would ensure that all staff members are evaluated without any discrimination. By removing negative aspects from the organization it is possible to achieve high efficiency and productivity. I would ensure using effective communication strategy that will focus on sharing information with staff members on time and without any delay. This will enhance their morale and improve their participation.

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY Harley-Mcclaskey, D. (2016). Developing Human Service Leaders 1st Edition . SAGE Publications, Inc.

Discussion 13

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Discussion

Within Covey’s scale of listening I would score myself as 5 (empathetic listening). This is because I always try to listen within other frame of reference. This listening is focused on only listening others but also to understand the meaning. I am fully attentive during my conversation with others that allow me to interpret the message accurately. I try to get out of my frame of reference and moderate my listening attitude towards others. This can be identified as an effective listening skill.

Julian Treasure on TED Talk discusses 5 ways to listen better. I think by adopting these five ways I could improve my listening and avoid distractions. the first thing that I would do to avoid ineffective listening is by receiving the message in it original form. I would not filter the message through cultural barriers, language, values beliefs and attitudes CITATION Jul11 \l 1033 (Treasure, 2011). I would try to interpret the message as it is and not rely on personal beliefs. I would prefer conscious listening because it creates understanding. During listening I would remain silent that would allow me to grasp the compete information. I would avoid listening in noisy environments because this would undermine my ability of receiving complete information. Another strategy for improving my listening is to bring me at the level of the speaker. This means not listening according to my own values, ideas or beliefs. It is also important to pay full attention to the speaker during the conversation. I would avoiding missing any detail of the spoken words. listening positions are equally important so I would prefer empathic listening because the purpose is to understand the meaning of the speaker. That is only possible by getting the complete information. By adopting these tactics I would manage to improve my listening.

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY Treasure, J. (2011). 5 ways to listen betterr. Retrieved 12 04, 2019, from https://www.ted.com/talks/julian_treasure_5_ways_to_listen_better#t-59222

Discussion 14

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Discussion

I agree that social media interfere with performance and productivity. This is because when employees are allowed free access to the internet and social media sites they are more likely to engage in non productive activities. People are more distracted due to their interests in social media. This causes delay in performance of tasks and also leads to low productivity.

I think that allowing use of social media at workplace promote negative behaviors. People waste time on social media that creates low efficiency among employees. By engaging with such platforms the employees remain distracted for most of the time that undermine their ability of chasing goals. It is also revealed that employees that spend more time on social media exhibit low productivity. They lack concentration and adopt a non-caring attitudes towards their work. Excessive use of social media also threaten professional credibility of employees. In the modern age organizations are inclined to search about clients through social media. Applicants who are applying for different jobs must be careful because their involvement in negative social media activities such as making derogatory comments effect their reputation. The findings depicts that the companies rely on social media platforms for understanding the personality and behavior of employees.

Social media also threatens work performance of the employees because they take little interest in work. Findings the book identifies that the workers who spend more time on social media are least serious towards their job. Social media also negatively impact professionalism because employees can use the activities of their colleagues for taking advantage. Employees make personal comments about there bosses, managers or co-workers that could later ruin their reputation. It is thus appropriate to associate the use of social media with non-professionalism.

Reference

Developing Human Service Leaders - 180 Day Option ISBN: 9781483393117 By: Deborah Harley-McClaskey

Discussion 15

Discussion 15

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion 15

I have planned to join Amazon.com, Inc. after graduation. It is a multinational company based in Seattle, America that focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. I have learned briefly about the company and I am happy to know that it one of the four leading e-companies of the United States of America after Facebook, Google, and YouTube. They all companies are called big-data collectively.

I am intending to read article Open Innovation within Business Ecosystems: A Tale from Amazon.Com co-authored by Isckia Thierry and Denis Lescop. This article was suggested to me by one of my friends who is already working in Amazon.com. This article reveals Amazon’s heroic contributions into the field of technology. The authors appreciate the company’s welcoming nature that allows every person to join its platform and explore his/her creative potential.

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) is my targeted certificate that I would pursue. I have planned to adopt leadership role in the company. A great company with wide scope like Amazon.com has the potential to offer me the global market to test my skills. After my current certification, I would pursue specialization in Information Security that would help me while in my professional life.

I would attend International Conference on Recent Innovations in Computer Science and Information Technology (ICRICSIT-2020) that would be held in New York City, the USA. I have visited their website where they claim that global leaders of Information Technology would attend that conference and would share their experiences as we’ll as they wil propose some new strategies for new comers to be successful in the field of Information Technology. Therefore, I consider it best opportunity to have a pre-profession learning that would encourage me to enter the filed with full passion and proper planning.

References

Thierry, I., & Lescop, D. (2009). Open innovation within business ecosystems: a tale from Amazon. com. Communications & stratégies, (74), 37.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1559085

https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/resources/resource-library/articles/top-paying-certifications/#8

https://www.allconferencealert.com/event-detail.html?ev_id=331672&eventname=international-conference-on-recent-innovations-in-computer-science-and-information-technology-(icricsit-2020)

Discussion 16

Discussion 16

[Author’s Name]

Discussion 16

Response 1

Health is an umbrella term that can be described as not only the physical but mental well-being of an individual. In recent years there has been a tremendous increase in the people suffering from mental illness. According to the report published by the WHO, one out of every four people suffers from some type of mental illness. Additionally, behavioral and psychiatric disorder constitutes more than 40% of the global disease burden that makes mental illness a global health crisis ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"806K2Gmm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Mental health in emergencies,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Mental health in emergencies,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":209,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/sbFMNDWM/items/3JXP4KVH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/sbFMNDWM/items/3JXP4KVH"],"itemData":{"id":209,"type":"webpage","title":"Mental health in emergencies","URL":"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-in-emergencies","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,22]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Mental health in emergencies,” n.d.). However, the most alarming thing is that many people are still unaware that whether they have a mental disorder or not.

In contrast, several researchers have identified that mental illness is not a major crisis yet the over-diagnosis and misdiagnosis of mental disorders is a real crisis. The research published by the author Eva also highlighted that over-diagnosis of children and adolescents is a major issue that can result in severe consequences (Merten & Schneider, 2017).

While creating opposing argument the whole dimension of the discussion changed as after opposing argument highlighted the issue of over-diagnosis that is often neglected. Thus, there is a need to clinically diagnose mental disorders to avoid severe consequences.

Response 2

Mental illness results are considered as one of the most challenging health problems that are faced by our society. The environment has a great impact on an individual that is suffering from mental disorders and thus there is a need to create a better environment for the treatment of mental disorders.

The mental health issues are associated with minimum access to healthcare services thus there is a need to provide accessibility to the patients as patients with depression or other mental disorders require regular care and sessions with the consultants (Kohrt & Patel, 2018). On the community level applying, interactive strategies such as accessibility and availability to the healthcare services can facilitate patients with mental illness a lot. This is because collaboration with the organizations and community-based healthcare programs creates an open environment where patients suffering from a mental illness feel safe and can cope up with their illness effectively (Kohrt & Patel, 2018).

References

Kohrt, B. A., Asher, L., Bhardwaj, A., Fazel, M., Jordans, M. J., Mutamba, B. B., ... & Patel, V. (2018). The role of communities in mental health care in low-and middle-income countries: a meta-review of components and competencies. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(6), 1279.

Merten, E. C., Cwik, J. C., Margraf, J., & Schneider, S. (2017). Overdiagnosis of mental disorders in children and adolescents (in developed countries). Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 11(1), 5.

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Mental health in emergencies. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2019, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-in-emergencies

Discussion 16

Title page

Discussion

The leaders must take active role in the initiative of building inclusive collaborative workplace. The first step in this process is to educate the leaders such as managers about the need for creating such workplace. Leaders who are working on front line must be able to use their skills for interacting with them appropriately. This requires giving them training about responding to the workers such as when they engage in conflicting situation. The leader must always come with a solution. The next step is to develop inclusive council that will contain at least 12 leaders. The council will be responsible for arranging inclusive discussions with the team and employees about the projects. The council will set goals for the purpose of collaborative workplace CITATION Deb162 \l 1033 (Harley-McClaskey, 2016).

The third step is to celebrate employee differences. This step will ensure employees that they are equal and not treated with any discrimination. This will be important for removing and discrimination on the basis of race, color or ethnicities. The fourth step is to listen to the employees. In this step the employees must be able to share their concerns with the leaders. In this process the leaders will listen to the workers and take feedbacks for making them feel they are part of the organization. Fifth step is holding more effective meetings. In this step the leaders are always motivated to organize meetings with the employees. In this process different views are shared about the projects, organizational goals and strategies for their intervention. Changes and policies are also discussed. Sixth step is communicating goals and measuring progress. The performance of employees is discussed and the leaders explain how far company has reached in terms of attaining its goals. New goals and initiatives are also shared with employees through interactive process.

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY Harley-McClaskey, D. (2016). Developing Human Service Leaders . Sage.