Discussion 11-12

Discussion 11-12

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion 11-12

Response 1: Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which a person cannot read or write and spell words. Due to this disorder, children face difficulties in their academic skills. The three academic skills that SLD impair in children are as follows:

• Reading: Children with SLD often face difficulty in reading. This condition is commonly known as dyslexia. In this condition, children are unable to recognize the words accurately. They also possess poor spelling and decoding abilities. Children with dyslexia also develop vocabulary at a very slow rate than other children (D'Mello & Gabrieli, 2018).

• Writing: Dysgraphia is a type of SLD in which children face difficulty in writing language due to the impairment in the motor-coordination. Another type of dysgraphia is language-based dysgraphia in which children struggle to construct meaningful written expressions. It is often observed that children with dysgraphia also have dyslexia.

• Mathematics: Dyscalculia is a type of SLD which is associated with extreme difficulty in mathematical abilities like numbers and the functions related to numbers like addition, subtraction, etc (Moll & Snowling, 2016).

Response 2: A counselor needs to have an awareness of their client's ethnicity, gender, and religion. Although, every person is different and requires different methods for counseling yet still factors like culture, ethnicity, etc. have a lot of impact on any person (Drummond, Sheperis, & Jones, 2016). The first step in multicultural counseling is to determine and acknowledge the difference between a counselor and client. Some of the factors that influence multicultural counseling are as follows;

Social factor: A counselor must be aware of the client’s cultural background and ethnicity to help him completely. Counselors need to counsel his or her patients without any biases. He should be neutral so that the client can open up easily.

Political factor: Everyone has his or her political views. Similarly, counselors also have their own opinion. However, it is necessary not to bring personal political views during the session as it hinders counseling process.

Environmental factors: Counselors must understand the community from where the client belongs as an environment influences a person directly and is the root cause of all the issues.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Drummond, R. J., Sheperis, C., & Jones, K. D. (2016). Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals. Boston : Boston : Pearson, [2016].

D'Mello, A. M., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2018). Cognitive neuroscience of dyslexia. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 49(4), 798-809.

Moll, K., Göbel, S. M., Gooch, D., Landerl, K., & Snowling, M. J. (2016). Cognitive risk factors for specific learning disorder: Processing speed, temporal processing, and working memory. Journal of learning disabilities, 49(3), 272-281.