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/N/0/.04.@04.04N-.........//..../....04.........X, Classical and Operant Conditioning
Human being is a social animal for that matter he interacts his outside environment and uses this experiential information to change his cognitive patterns and behaviors. This is what we call learning in psychological terms. Classical and operant conditioning are two different types of learning that explains the causes of newly learned behaviors (McSweeney Murphy, 2014). Here are presented the main differences between classical and operant conditioning
AttributesClassical ConditioningOperant ConditioningDefinitionA type of learning in which an individual acquires information and uses this information to change his thinking patterns and behaviors through making associations between two stimuli (Coon Mitterer, 2018).A type of learning in which an individual acquires information and uses this information to change his thinking patterns and behaviors on the basis of consequences (reinforcement or punishment). Positive consequences strengthen learning and negative consequences diminish the behavior (McSweeney Murphy, 2014)Basic differenceLearning is based on the association between two stimuliLearning is based on the experienced or observed consequences of the actions FocusWhat goes ahead of responseWhat follows responseStimulusBoth conditional and unconditional stimulus direct learningOnly unconditional stimulus directs learningControlThis type of learning is controlled by the association between stimuli This type of learning is controlled by the human being himselfTargeted behaviorsInvoluntary or reflexive in natureVoluntary or conscious in natureExampleA child presented with a dreadful noise and his favorite toy at the same time, will learn that the toy must be avoided because it brings dreadful noise A child with when subjected to praise and clapping from teacher for helping his fellow being learns to be pro-social every time, he inspects his fellows in danger
References
Coon, D., Mitterer, J. O. (2018). Introduction to Psychology Gateways to Mind and Behavior. Cengage Learning. p. 220. ISBN 9780495599111.
McSweeney, F. K. Murphy, E. S. (2014). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning. Malden. MA John Wiley Sons. p. 3. ISBN 9781118468180.
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