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Guns and The Crimes
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Guns and The Crimes
Ownership of guns have been legalized in few states and the access to guns and other firearms is given more to everyone. If there will be a ban on the ownership of guns, then it will decrease the number of deaths. There will be lesser death rates because of the gun shootings will be reduced, and the policymakers must focus on the legalized policies.
According to a report of the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development in 2006, death caused by violence was 90 percent, and these occurred outside of the conflict events ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"A1htwngP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bauchner et al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Bauchner et al., 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":272,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/726BGUEQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/726BGUEQ"],"itemData":{"id":272,"type":"article-journal","title":"Death by Gun Violence—A Public Health Crisis","container-title":"JAMA Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"144","source":"ResearchGate","DOI":"10.1001/jamaoto.2017.2577","journalAbbreviation":"JAMA Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","author":[{"family":"Bauchner","given":"Howard"},{"family":"Rivara","given":"Frederick"},{"family":"Bonow","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Bressler","given":"Neil"},{"family":"Disis","given":"Mary"},{"family":"Heckers","given":"Stephan"},{"family":"Josephson","given":"S."},{"family":"Kibbe","given":"Melina"},{"family":"Piccirillo","given":"Jay"},{"family":"Redberg","given":"Rita"},{"family":"Rhee","given":"John"},{"family":"Robinson","given":"June"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",10,9]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bauchner et al., 2017). The death of people because of the gun fires can be related to the ownership given to those involved in the crimes by the legal authorities. The gun ownership does not necessarily mean that it will ensure the protection of the individuals and people around those who own guns. There can be any triggering event that will result in the gun shootings and death of anyone in the family, children, or a familiar person around the shooter.
People who are involved in gun shootings can be sent to jails and trials. However, sending the shooters and the culprits to the jails would not ensure security; rather, the state authorities have to make sure there are improved security services, which are there to secure people from threats. More guns would not be a deterrent for the crimes, because it does not stop people from owning guns, and many of the people would continue buying guns ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"KjPxgZBT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Naghavi et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Naghavi et al., 2018)","dontUpdate":true,"noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":276,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/TLBHKZRW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/TLBHKZRW"],"itemData":{"id":276,"type":"article-journal","title":"Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016","source":"ResearchGate","abstract":"Importance: Understanding global variation in firearm mortality rates could guide prevention policies and interventions.\nObjective: To estimate mortality due to firearm injury deaths from 1990 to 2016 in 195 countries and territories.\nDesign, setting, and participants: This study used deidentified aggregated data including 13 812 location-years of vital registration data to generate estimates of levels and rates of death by age-sex-year-location. The proportion of suicides in which a firearm was the lethalmeans was combined with an estimate of per capita gun ownership in a revised proxy measure used to evaluate the relationship between availability or access to firearms and firearm injury deaths.\nExposures: Firearm ownership and access.\nMain outcomes and measures: Cause-specific deaths by age, sex, location, and year.\nResults: Worldwide, it was estimated that 251 000 (95%uncertainty interval [UI], 195 000-276 000) people died from firearm injuries in 2016, with 6 countries (Brazil, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guatemala) accounting for 50.5%(95%UI, 42.2%-54.8%) of those deaths. In 1990, there were an estimated 209 000 (95%UI,\n172 000 to 235 000) deaths from firearm injuries. Globally, the majority of firearm injury deaths in 2016 were homicides (64.0%[95%UI, 54.2%-68.0%]; absolute value, 161 000 deaths [95%UI, 107 000-182 000]); additionally, 27%were firearm suicide deaths (67 500 [95%UI, 55 400-84 100]) and 9% were unintentional firearm deaths (23 000 [95%UI,\n18 200-24 800]). From 1990 to 2016, there was no significant decrease in the estimated global age-standardized firearm homicide rate (−0.2%[95%UI, −0.8%to 0.2%]). Firearm suicide rates decreased globally at an annualized rate of 1.6%(95%UI, 1.1-2.0), but in 124 of 195 countries and territories included in this study, these levels were either constant or significant increases were estimated. There was an annualized decrease of 0.9% (95%UI, 0.5%-1.3%) in the global rate of age-standardized firearm deaths from 1990 to 2016. Aggregate firearm injury deaths in 2016 were highest among persons aged 20 to 24\nyears (for men, an estimated 34 700 deaths [95%UI, 24 900-39 700] and for women, an estimated 3580 deaths [95%UI, 2810-4210]). Estimates of the number of firearms by country were associated with higher rates of firearm suicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.21) and homicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.35).\nConclusions and relevance: This study estimated between 195 000 and 276 000 firearm injury deaths globally in 2016, the majority of which were firearm homicides. Despite an overall decrease in rates of firearm injury death since 1990, there was variation among countries and across demographic subgroups.","author":[{"family":"Naghavi","given":"Mohsen"},{"family":"Marczak","given":"Laurie"},{"family":"Kutz","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Shackelford","given":"Katya"},{"family":"Arora","given":"Megha"},{"family":"Miller-Petrie","given":"Molly"},{"family":"Aichour","given":"Miloud"},{"family":"Akseer","given":"Nadia"},{"family":"Al-Raddadi","given":"Rajaa"},{"family":"Alam","given":"Khurshid"},{"family":"Alghnam","given":"Suliman"},{"family":"Antonio","given":"Carl"},{"family":"Aremu","given":"Olatunde"},{"family":"Arora","given":"Amit"},{"family":"Asadi-Lari","given":"Mohsen"},{"family":"Assadi","given":"Reza"},{"family":"Atey","given":"Tesfay"},{"family":"Avila-Burgos","given":"Leticia"},{"family":"Awasthi","given":"Ashish"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",9,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Naghavi et al., 2018). More guns would mean more crimes because everyone would be defining the defense and security threats on their own. So, there is a need for an active policy that will control the ownership because fewer guns would mean that there will be fewer deaths.
References
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bauchner, H., Rivara, F., Bonow, R., Bressler, N., Disis, M., Heckers, S., … Robinson, J. (2017). Death by Gun Violence—A Public Health Crisis. JAMA Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 144. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2017.2577
Naghavi, M., Marczak, L., Kutz, M., Shackelford, K., Arora, M., Miller-Petrie, M., … Awasthi, A. (2018). Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016.
Subject: Education
Pages: 1 Words: 300
Would You Let a Civilian Go Free If It Meant They Would Give Away Your Position to the Enemy?
Kiaria
Would You Let a Civilian Go Free If It Meant They Would Give Away Your Position to the Enemy?
Deciding whether to let a civilian go free if they might disclose your position to the enemy is indeed a difficult question. Letting the civilians go will potentially cost the lives of the soldiers. On the other hand, killing unarmed civilians too is against ethics as those innocents did not put themselves in that position. This question puts many lives on the line and the loss of life in both cases is a burden on the shoulders of the decision-maker.
The movie ‘Lone survivor’ is about a similar decision the Navy SEALs had to make. The movie is based on a book by the soldier who faced this situation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iTxPNOLn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Berg et al., 2014)","plainCitation":"(Berg et al., 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":854,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/SUYFLIAR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/SUYFLIAR"],"itemData":{"id":854,"type":"book","publisher":"Impuls Home Entertainment","title":"Lone survivor","author":[{"family":"Berg","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Jablonsky","given":"Steve"},{"family":"Robinson","given":"Patrick"},{"family":"Luttrell","given":"Marcus"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Berg et al., 2014). Marcus Luttrel was the only survivor of this mission and in his book, he mentioned that this decision was extremely difficult. The incident is from Operation Red Wings where a band of four SEALs was dispatched to Afghanistan's Kunar Province in 2015 ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"uzLmJJvE","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Darack, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Darack, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":853,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/2Y7NI5KI"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/2Y7NI5KI"],"itemData":{"id":853,"type":"book","ISBN":"0-425-22619-0","publisher":"Penguin","title":"Victory Point: Operations Red Wings and Whalers: the Marine Corps' Battle for Freedom in Afghanistan","author":[{"family":"Darack","given":"Ed"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Darack, 2009). The seals were on the mission to abolish anti-coalition and help stabilize the region. Their responsibility was to inspect and find the location of Ahmad Shah, a Taliban leader. After a few hours of their placement, two unarmed Afghan goatherders stumbled upon the SEALs. Now, the time for the critical life decision began between Luttrell and his comrades. They had two options: either, they could kill the Afghans and continue their mission with lesser uncertainty, or they could let them go, after which the herders would possibly rush to disclose the information and position of the SEALs to the Taliban. In both cases, either the civilians would die, or the soldiers would.
While making such intricate and critical decisions, it is important to contain emotions and deal proactively. The decision can go either way, but it is necessary to make the right call ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"o9IYllnI","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Josephson & Hanson, 2002)","plainCitation":"(Josephson & Hanson, 2002)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":849,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/IJDXG3X2"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/IJDXG3X2"],"itemData":{"id":849,"type":"book","ISBN":"1-888689-13-7","publisher":"Josephson Institute of ethics Los Angeles, CA","title":"Making ethical decisions","author":[{"family":"Josephson","given":"Michael S."},{"family":"Hanson","given":"Wes"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Josephson & Hanson, 2002). Even the right decisions can cost more, but it will still be better than making an unethical and unjust decision. If I were to make this decision, I would let the goatherders go. Even if the mission is compromised, it would have been unethical to kill unarmed civilians who came across SEALs unintentionally. They neither planned to be there or to attack the SEALs. They were innocent and did not pose any direct threat. Hence, they could not be punished for a mistake they did not make. The capture of Ahmad Shah was a top priority but to kill two innocent people to capture one guilty person cannot be justified.
Some might believe that killing the goatherders is a sacrifice for a greater good. But they must realize that the goal of the operation was to stabilize the area and provide better living conditions to the habitants. Those who went to save people from forceful living conditions cannot take their lives forcefully and label it as the cost of the mission. I would not kill those goatherders just to ease the mission and continue it. I would rather let them go and improvise. No soldier must be afraid of death. As a Navy SEAL, it would be my responsibility to put my life on the line and save the lives of the innocent.
Another option could be to not hurt the goatherders but secure them until the mission is completed. It would be necessary to provide them with conditions where they could survive but not disclose the location. They could have been extracted later too. However, this option might put their lives at risk too.
In reality, the Navy SEAL let the herders go free and changed their location. On should not be afraid of other’s criticism rather focus on what is right. Their decision cost them the lives of three SEALs. Only Luttrell survived the mission.
References
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Berg, P., Jablonsky, S., Robinson, P., & Luttrell, M. (2014). Lone survivor. Impuls Home Entertainment.
Darack, E. (2009). Victory Point: Operations Red Wings and Whalers: The Marine Corps’ Battle for Freedom in Afghanistan. Penguin.
Josephson, M. S., & Hanson, W. (2002). Making ethical decisions. Josephson Institute of ethics Los Angeles, CA.
Subject: Education
Pages: 2 Words: 600
Would you report fellow soldiers that commit war crimes?
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Would you report fellow soldiers that commit war crimes?
Everyone is supposed to respect the law. Respecting the law is a product of discipline, training, professionalism, and leadership (Schulzke, 2019). Various instruments of humanitarians' law and Geneva conventions work closely with army commanders to ensure that the law is respected (Skerker, Whetham, & Carrick, 2019). Thus, soldiers are taken through classes of being taught the law before going into the war fronts. Just as the soldiers get to be educated about the principle of attack and defense, so the law also needs to be taught.
On the other hand, war crimes are described as the law of armed conflicts that bring about individuals' criminal responsibility (Schulzke, 2019). However, if there is a severe violation of the law even when not at the international level, it can as well be considered as war crimes. All states in America have the power to try a person who has been involved in war crimes, without considering his nationality or even the place where he committed the crime. Every person who is part of the army is required to comply with the law (Skerker, Whetham, & Carrick, 2019). Commanders need to ensure that the law is not violated and take action if violations have been encountered. A soldier who carries an authorized order could be considered as committing a war crime if she was well aware of what she was doing. However, most soldiers are not always in the opposition of carrying out the various orders given by their commanders. Moreover, if a command from a commander tends to be unlawful, a soldier must refuse to execute it.
Most military organizations have been reported to have a lot of unethical issues. There has been a dilemma of what is considered moral and immoral behavior. Soldiers in different parts of the world have been accused of drug abuse, sexual assault, bribery, and inebriation (Schulzke, 2019). However, most of these organizations want to be still viewed by the public as perfect using the power and the influence they have. Each of the army organizations has a particular set of standard that every soldier is supposed to follow, thus giving them a shared value system which guides them in all situations (Olsthoorn, 2017). However, most soldiers can find themselves in positions of an ethical dilemma. Like in this case, whether a junior soldier should report war crimes committed by a commander or a person at a higher rank. Soldiers who find themselves in such situations should learn to apply various theories such as consequentialisms, which state that the result of an action is what determines whether it is good or not. Therefore, it is ethical for a junior soldier to report soldiers in higher ranks that commit war crimes.
However, every staff officer or soldier, even those that do not have an operational command responsibility, can be considered criminals if they learn of a war crime committed and failed to prevent it or was unable to report it to their commanders or superiors (Olsthoorn, 2017). Commanders are also held liable if they also don't get to know about the war crimes committed. Thus, all soldiers should make sure that they report all issues pertaining to crime wars to their commander to avoid being tried or being held responsible (Skerker, Whetham, & Carrick, 2019). The commander of the forces should always be in total control of the soldiers. However, there are various aspects in which the operational soldiers will always be in a dilemma and needing quick assistance (Olsthoorn, 2017). The only way that can ensure that soldiers don't commit war crimes is by making sure that they respect the law of armed conflict. They can quickly achieve this by ensuring that they are well versed with the rules that apply to each battle and the type of conflict. Commanders also need to start seeing the law as a need rather than viewing it as a hindrance.
References
Skerker, M., Whetham, D., & Carrick, D. (2019). Military Virtues.
Olsthoorn, P. (2017). Military ethics and leadership.
Schulzke, M. (2019). Pursuing moral warfare: Ethics in American, British, and Israeli counterinsurgency.Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form
Subject: Education
Pages: 2 Words: 600
Getting Information From A Suspect:
Name:
Institution Affiliation:
Water boarding is a form of torture in which a suspect is exposed to in order to reveal information about a certain issue. It involves pouring water on a piece of cloth that is used to cover the face and the breathing passages of an individual (Mukasey, 2011). This act causes the suspect to experience drowning. Incase water is poured uninterruptedly it may lead to death as a result of asphyxia. It may cause a lot of pain to individuals, damage to lungs, and damage to the brain as a result of shortage of oxygen among other injuries as a result of resistance. Experts say that torture and abuse in interrogations is not a very effective way of getting truthful information. US military and other federal bodies have given out useful information to proof that application of psychological emotional and psychological pressure may force a victim to say anything just to end the painful experience. The main purpose of interrogation is to get credible information concerning the subject matter and the information should be precise.
Torture and abuse are not effective ways of getting information from a person as abuse and torture compromises memory and mood and both of them are vital in eliciting correct information (Mukasey, 2011). CIA has shown that abusive methods of obtaining information from a suspect are less effective and may result to different information from the one required. It is against human rights to torture anyone. Prisoners and detainees should be treated in a good manner and this constitutes the American rules and values. I would therefore not use any method which is against human rights to interrogate the person. Below are some of the methods I would use to get information from the suspect.
The first method which I would use is the Reid technique. This technique was developed in 1940s (Redlich, 2007). Being an officer I would play a “good cop.” I would place the suspect in a dingy room to interrogate him. I would also introduce another “bad cop” who would help me get information from the suspect. Under this concept I would use three concepts. The first one is isolation. I would isolate the culprit from the family members and friends to make him feel alone. The best room I would put that person is one without windows so that I may interrogate him properly and he would reveal the information I require.
The second technique under this method is maximization (Redlich, 2007). I would start by letting the suspect know that he is guilty and that he knows the where about of Osama Bin Laden. I would then make him know the evils that bin laden did and make him believe that I know all about him. In case the victim says that he is innocent the bad cop would refute the innocence of the victim. In fact, he would tell the victim that he is guilty. The cop would tell him that he is wasting everyone’s time by playing innocent.
Finally there would be minimization (Redlich, 2007). I, being the good cop would go to the victim and let him know that I understand the reason as to why he played innocent and anyone can understand his reason. I would let the victim know that a lesser charge or a chance to go home would be there in case he says the truth. If he does not tell the truth, then he would remain in custody forever. That way the victim would reveal the truth willingly as opposed to water boarding.
Another technique I would use is informal questioning (Schafer, & Navarro, 2016). I would always ask questions to the victim to see whether he gives the right information. In case he gives contradicting information then I would examine him from there.
Another final technique that I would use is lying (Schafer, & Navarro, 2016). Most people believe that police officers do not tell lies. I would scare him that I even have evidence about it and finally make him give me information. The above methods do not violate human rights and would be very effective in giving information.
References
Mukasey, M. (2011). The waterboarding trail to bin Laden. The Wall Street Journal, 6.
Redlich, A. D. (2007). Military versus police interrogations: Similarities and differences. Peace and conflict: journal of peace psychology, 13(4), 423-428.
Schafer, J. R., & Navarro, J. (2016). Advanced interviewing techniques: Proven strategies for law enforcement, military, and security personnel. Charles C Thomas Publisher.
Subject: Education
Pages: 2 Words: 600
Writing Assignment
Jaun Pereira
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]
Author Note
[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]
Writing Assignment
Imposing law and orders on the citizens by legal means is ethical, and excessive use of power is the police officers may grab more attention from the media. Excessive use of power by the officers includes arresting individuals without informing them, takedowns with handcuffing, and verbal commands. Police forces are expected to protect the citizens because they are legally justifiable to use their power in certain situations where force is required.
According to my analysis of the video, this shows force by a police officer over a young individual. The officer forcefully makes the person sit into the care, and at the same time, eyewitness makes the video. In the beginning, the witness was worried about that person, and he kept shouting at the police officer about his misbehavior, but he later regrets yelling at the police officer ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RDniij55","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Montreal police accused of excessive force}, n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Montreal police accused of excessive force, n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1635,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/BQEFB96B"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/BQEFB96B"],"itemData":{"id":1635,"type":"motion_picture","title":"Montreal police accused of excessive force","source":"YouTube","dimensions":"2:17","abstract":"A former RCMP officer says the amount of force \"appears to be excessive at first sight\" in a video of a young black man shoved to the ground by a Montreal police officer. The video was filmed outside Henri-Bourassa Metro early Monday morning and widely shared on social media.\n\nTo read more: https://www.cbc.ca/1.5197214\n\n»»» Subscribe to CBC News to watch more videos: http://bit.ly/1RreYWS\n\nConnect with CBC News Online:\n\nFor breaking news, video, audio and in-depth coverage: http://bit.ly/1Z0m6iX\nFind CBC News on Facebook: http://bit.ly/1WjG36m\nFollow CBC News on Twitter: http://bit.ly/1sA5P9H\nFor breaking news on Twitter: http://bit.ly/1WjDyks\nFollow CBC News on Instagram: http://bit.ly/1Z0iE7O\n\nDownload the CBC News app for iOS: http://apple.co/25mpsUz\nDownload the CBC News app for Android: http://bit.ly/1XxuozZ\n\n»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»\nFor more than 75 years, CBC News has been the source Canadians turn to, to keep them informed about their communities, their country and their world. Through regional and national programming on multiple platforms, including CBC Television, CBC News Network, CBC Radio, CBCNews.ca, mobile and on-demand, CBC News and its internationally recognized team of award-winning journalists deliver the breaking stories, the issues, the analyses and the personalities that matter to Canadians.","URL":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7b62b4dbqw&feature=youtu.be","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",1,14]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Montreal police accused of excessive force, n.d.). The police officer in an interview replied that they arrested the member because they received a complaint about his unusual behavior. The arrested person was not able to answer and provide his identity; that is why a complaint was filed against him. However, the police did not give any official stance regarding the arrest of the public member. It is observable that police in Canada are expected to maintain peace in their regions, and they are empowered. Imposing force is not meant to disturb and start fighting with people, but this force should aim to control violent behaviors and unlawful acts by the people ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"9hYN0F5M","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Wolf et al., 2009)","plainCitation":"(Wolf et al., 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1638,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8RL4IF2M"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8RL4IF2M"],"itemData":{"id":1638,"type":"article-journal","title":"Police use of force and the cumulative force factor","container-title":"Policing: an international journal of police strategies & management","page":"739-757","volume":"32","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Wolf","given":"Ross"},{"family":"Mesloh","given":"Charlie"},{"family":"Henych","given":"Mark"},{"family":"Thompson","given":"L. Frank"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Wolf et al., 2009). In the context of Canada, people are not able to understand the intervention techniques of these police departments, and the same is the case with the video makes in the video. The use of force model is intended to guide police officials, policymakers, and administrators. This also aimed to make the public understand the use of force by police officials. According to Canadian Law, frameworks of situational use of forces are consistent. In Canada, to avoid any threat to public officers and the public, the National Use of Force Framework was initiated ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"byqYxDii","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Butler, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Butler, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1639,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/2JJHKUHV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/2JJHKUHV"],"itemData":{"id":1639,"type":"article-journal","title":"The use of force model and its application to operational law enforcement-Where have we been and where are we going","container-title":"undated report from the Calgary Police Service","author":[{"family":"Butler","given":"C."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Butler, 2009). This guides officers to assess the levels of risks and uncertain situations that may harm officers and public members. However, if people are arrested without informing them as police officers did with the public member will fail the situational model. To alter such situations of excessive use of force strategies by the state organizations and policymakers is important (Kiedrowski et al.,.2015). Federal or provincial policing policies can be revised by the Canadian state to avoid any unjust arrest of the members. Based on the interview by the racial profiling officer suggested that excessive use of force is implemented based on racial identities. Therefore, it is important to propose strategies by the state organizations so that excessive use of force by the police officers may be limited. It is studied that the use of force in Canada is not experienced by the police officers; however, based on the video, it can be analyzed that racial profiling exists, and excessive use of force by police officers is imposed. Base on the statistics, 10 percent of physical injuries were caused due to the use of force by the police ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kGIqFR1S","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Butler, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Butler, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1639,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/2JJHKUHV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/2JJHKUHV"],"itemData":{"id":1639,"type":"article-journal","title":"The use of force model and its application to operational law enforcement-Where have we been and where are we going","container-title":"undated report from the Calgary Police Service","author":[{"family":"Butler","given":"C."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Butler, 2009). While preceding the discussion about the video police department did not give any particular reason for arresting the public member, according to the constitution and law, individuals should be informed before their arrest. Police officers have to understand the threatening situations, and they should not use their force excessively as their force may harm individuals. There has to be a standardized criterion and condition to use force by police officers, whereas the public also accepts this use of force.
References
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Butler, C. (2009). The use of force model and its application to operational law enforcement-Where have we been and where are we going. Updated Report from the Calgary Police Service.
Kiedrowski, J., Maxwell, C., Melchers, R.F., & Petrunik, M. (2015). A discussion of the collection and analysis of data on the use of force encounters between the police andmembers of the public. Ottawa: Public Safety Canada
Montreal police accused of excessive force. (n.d.). Retrieved January 14, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7b62b4dbqw&feature=youtu.be
Wolf, R., Mesloh, C., Henych, M., & Thompson, L. F. (2009). Police use of force and the cumulative force factor. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 32(4), 739–757.
Subject: Education
Pages: 2 Words: 600
University Student Attitudes towards Crime.
Name of the Writer
Name of the University
University Student Attitudes towards Crime.
Introduction
According to a report by the Australian Institute of Criminology, details regarding the homicide rate show a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2018 (Walklate, et al, 2019). This incident rate is the lowest since the past twenty-five years. Crime is one of the main reasons for the cause of distress within any country and its citizens. Now due to increased globalization, there has been increased movement of people from one side of the globe to the other. This has led to an influx of students and other international and national individuals in countries such as Australia (De Wit, 2017). This report tries to analyse the attitude of the students regarding crime. This analysis would be done in the form of a literature review and will comprise of the work of several authors. This will allow us to gain an understanding of what student's attitude is towards crime.
Search Method
To conduct a literature view, the major focus for literature was done on published articles as well as news articles from reputable news agencies (Bramer, et al, 2018). The literature from these sources will focus on different aspects of crime and how students in different regions around the world are reacting to it. To search for related literature regarding the topic, different search terms were used. These search terms revolved around crime, crime, and students, the effect of crime on students, rate of crime in different student areas and the relationship between crime and students (Vom Brocke, et al, 2015). The use of these search terms provided articles over a constricted year (in this case till 2014).
Discussion
According to the work done by Jacobsen (2017), the Clerry Act passed in the year 1998 required institutions to increases notice and awareness regarding crime prevention techniques among the on-campus living community. Furthermore, it was a requirement that they spread information regarding crime prevention programs being practiced on campus. This study tried to analyse the effectiveness of the university’s information dissemination regarding crime prevention. They found that universities with a higher male population and higher security measures had more crime occurring. What this study didn't consider in its analysis is the fact that many behavioural and environmental factors also increase the level of crime such as family background, racism, and other factors. Taking decision just on gender and number of personnel is not evidence of anything.
Another study was done by Bennett and Holloway, (2018), which analyses the relationship between and drug and alcohol-related crimes with university students. To find this, they analysed the drug prevalence techniques related to the students within seven selected universities in the United Kingdom. A further focus was on substance users who offended and substance users who had no offender history. Their research was more of a qualitative nature and revealed that the same percentage users of drugs and alcohol have committed substance related crimes. Most of these offenders were males and used to go to parties off-campus and had poor mental and physical health. This article has based its research very substantially but the fact is that the research is limited to a very small and controlled group of universities. This makes the result not a real representation of the current trends regarding the students' attitude towards crime.
Another research was done by Tandoğan and Topçu, (2018), focused on the fear, the university students had regarding crimes. This is a positive aspect of this research as fears regarding crime are an integral part of the social and political debate. Furthermore, this research focuses on female students especially for their increased risk of being sexually assaulted. This is important because female sexual victimization has a four times more likely chance of occurrence than anything else. The study further focuses on Namik Kamil University in Turkey, with a quantitative approach involving face to face interviews, and other randomly selected institutions and schools. This is another plus point of this research that they have used a bigger pool of data to get a true view of how high is the level of sexual victimization faced by female students. The major limitation of this research is that it has not mentioned the social, political or religious reasons why only women are victimized and furthermore, why the focus is only on women victimization when there is an increase in sexual victimization against binary and non-binary genders as well.
According to a book written Forbes-Mewett, et al, (2017), the main focus on the rise of internationalization and the rise in crime associated with this rise. This book considers the factor that for international students, safe studying destinations are an important aspect of the decisions regarding which place to study. This is an important point to consider because most of these international students come from far off countries to complete their studies and become so much more than what they currently are. So, it is very important for them to choose a place where their views, practices, and presence won't be judged and persecuted. There has been a plethora of qualitative research done in this book to ascertain whether how many international students face criminal behaviour against them or even perpetrate criminal behaviour. The only limitation is that this research is focused mainly on three major countries Britain, Australia and the United States of America when there is a huge influx of foreign students in other notable places in the world such as Asian countries such as China and other countries such as Turkey.
Mancini, et al, (2016), keeping with the trend with the above article, focused their research on the mandatory policies in higher education. They further based their research on the attitude of college students regarding the laws formed in order to reduce the chance of sexual assault occurring. The laws that were introduced were new and had a high number of controversial elements to them. This research’s positive nature is seen from its intense analysis of the laws and how they are impacting the victims and the perpetrators at the same time. Furthermore, the research has concluded that there is overwhelming support for mandatory reporting and there is increased belief in the benefits of the laws regarding increasing accountability in university.
Further research done by Burdick-Will, (2016), revealed the effect of early experiences of neighbourhood violent crimes in the academic, economic and social success of students. This study is very prudent in the fact that it focuses on the behavioural and psychological effects and early exposure to violent crimes can have in the academic growth of students. Furthermore, the study is more focused on violent neighbourhoods of Chicago but the fact is that there are much worse places that the study could focus on. Places where the loss of human life and collateral damage is very high. Analysing the academic growth of students in such areas and the result of such a study would have had a more profound effect.
Moreover, Sherman, et al, (2016), researched the basis of an assessment of threats of college students as the dangers within their childhood environments. In this research, they realize that humans at a every age internalize the risk of mortality and that forms their perceptions regarding their future encounters. This research took account of the environmental factors affecting and forming how their attitude would be against crimes committed. Furthermore, this research had included a diverse pool of data with individuals from different neighbourhoods. This allowed them to decrease any sort of uncertainty risk by increasing the data pool. But this research is limited in the sense that their measure of early crime is not the true representation of exposure to crime at early childhood. This is because there was limited historical data regarding a crime committed during several of the candidates' childhood.
More research conducted by Schildkraut, et al, (2015), focuses on the rise of moral panic regarding school shootings and how it is raising the fear regarding crime in college students. School shootings have been on the rise recently, with the news filled with such incidences in different places. This research of positive nature is emitted from the fact that a topic has been chosen which has a huge debate behind it. To do analysis, this research used a quantitative approach and tried to link different forms of crime with Good and Ben-Yehuda's model of moral panic. The fact is that the limitation of this study again is that it was only conducted within only one university. This makes its results, not a clear representation of how crime is associated with moral panic. This makes the data and its results very generalized and should also have included the views of the staff and faculty as well.
Conclusion
Taking into account research done by several prominent researchers, it would not be wrong to say that crime rates are continuously increasing in universities. Furthermore, there has been a variety of different reactions that have been obtained through research regarding different crimes. Their reactions and attitudes are either based on their childhood experiences on their use of alcohol or drugs. These reasons have led to a variety of attitude from different students. Where some students consider one crime heinous and the others count it as the college experience.
References
Bennett, T., & Holloway, K. (2018). Drug and alcohol-related crime among university students. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 62(14), 4489-4509.
Bramer, W. M., Rethlefsen, M. L., Mast, F., & Kleijnen, J. (2018). Evaluation of a new method for librarian‐mediated literature searches for systematic reviews. Research synthesis methods, 9(4), 510-520.
Burdick-Will, J. (2016). Neighbourhood violent crime and academic growth in Chicago: lasting effects of early exposure. Social forces, 95(1), 133-158.
De Wit, H. (2017). Global: Internationalization of Higher Education: Nine Misconceptions: International Higher Education, Summer 2011, Number 64. In Understanding higher education internationalization (pp. 9-12). Brill Sense.
Forbes-Mewett, H., McCulloch, J., & Nyland, C. (2015). International students and crime. Springer.
Jacobsen, S. K. (2017). Examining crime on campus: The influence of institutional factors on reports of crime at colleges and universities. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 28(4), 559-579.
Mancini, C., Pickett, J. T., Call, C., & Roche, S. P. (2016). Mandatory reporting (MR) in higher education: College students’ perceptions of laws designed to reduce campus sexual assault. Criminal justice review, 41(2), 219-235.
Schildkraut, J., Elsass, H. J., & Stafford, M. C. (2015). Could it happen here? Moral panic, school shootings, and fear of crime among college students. Crime, Law and Social Change, 63(1-2), 91-110.
Sherman, A. K., Minich, S. H., Langen, T. A., Skufca, J., & Wilke, A. (2016). Are college students’ assessments of threat shaped by the dangers of their childhood environment?. Journal of interpersonal violence, 31(11), 2006-2025.
Tandoğan, O., & Topçu, B. (2018). Fear of crime among university students: A research in Namik Kemal University.
Vom Brocke, J., Simons, A., Riemer, K., Niehaves, B., Plattfaut, R., & Cleven, A. (2015). Standing on the shoulders of giants: challenges and recommendations of literature search in information systems research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37(1), 9.
Walklate, S., McCulloch, J., Fitz-Gibbon, K., & Maher, J. (2019). Criminology, gender and security in the Australian context: Making women’s lives matter. Theoretical Criminology, 23(1), 60-77.
Subject: Education
Pages: 5 Words: 1500
[Name of the Writer]
[Name of Instructor]
[Subject]
[Date]
Sinking of Hopes
Titanic is one of the most incredible romantic disaster film based on real-life events. The excellent cinematography, editing and sound effects grasped the audience's attention. It was directed and written by James Cameron and its leading cast including Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet. It is a love story of two people that have a huge social class difference. The film starts with a team of treasure hunters who were exploring the wreck of Titanic in search of the necklace also known as the Heart of the Ocean. However, they did not find the necklace but instead a painting of a naked woman wearing a necklace. Soon after this scene, an old lady was shown telling the story about Titanic to her granddaughter. This lady was none other than Rose who reminiscences the story of her voyage on Titanic. This ship was considered as the ship of dreams and Rose along with her mother and fiancé who was the son of a famous business tycoon board the ship while on the other side an artist named Jack and his best friend won the ticket to the ship in-game. Rose was distressed as she was forced to marry her fiancé so she tried to commit suicide by trying to jump however jack rescued her and at that moment the sparks began soon after which they both fell in love with each other. She requested Jake to make her nude sketch wearing a blue Necklace that her fiancé gifted her however Cal her fiancé found out about this and had jack locked away. It was during this time when the ship hits an iceberg and began to sink. Rose immediately ran to found Jack so that she could run away with him but the ship was sinking and they both had to struggle for their survival. In the end, Jack again saved Rose and died due to spending too much time in freezing water (Cameron).
James Cameron Titanic is indeed a masterpiece that gave the cinema another dimension. His movie was a mixture of emotions, drama, jealousy, love, adventures, and tragedy all of which tied together beautifully by the excellent editing techniques. The sound effects gave an extra appeal to the film as the sound of water splash could be heard at every moment making the movie more realistic. The technologies and efforts used to make the set identical to the Titanic reflect the director’s skills. Another important feature in the film was the title track which was written by James Horner. Almost 30 million copies of the album were sold. While talking about the production the main task was to build a ship identical to the original Titanic that required lots of money and labor. Even the filming was scheduled to last for 138 days but grew to 160 days. However, all these efforts led to an incredible movie that the viewers will never forget (Maslin).
The best thing about the film that interests me was Cameron’s narrative of shipboard romance. Although the acting of both the main leads was superb yet the excellent cinematography made it look more appealing. Especially during the scene where they both were struggling for their survival the contrast technique and the zoom-in shot of both the characters as well as the extreme long shot of the ocean all combined together to produces scene that will always last in viewers mind as all these factors combined made the audience to emotionally attach with the characters while also viewing the greatest tragedy of all time the sinking of the RMS Titanic. He film was critically acclaimed and won 87 awards.
Works Cited
Cameron, Cameron. Titanic. Paramount Pictures, 1997.
Maslin, Janet. "Film Review: A Spectacle as Sweeping as the Sea." New York Times December 19 (1997).
Subject: Education
Pages: 2 Words: 600
Write a Letter to Congress
Your Name (First M. Last)
School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)
Write a Letter to Congress
The Honorable Andrea Dalessandro
(Room number)Senate Office building
Tucson, Arizona. P.O. Box Number (number)
Dear senator Dalessandro,
My name is Leo Liu, I am a college student and lives in the Tucson Arizona. Considering the caring and responsible attitude that you have for your country. I am writing this letter to you to draw your attention towards an important issue of disturbances that are affecting marine life in our country.
According to national geographic and many credible resources our oceans are facing serious threats from human interference and global warming. 80% of marine pollution is due to human land activity. When people, visit the oceans they throw garbage and other harmful substances into it that is causing coral bleaching and the sea level rise. This ocean pollution also comes from the urban untreated waste, and agricultural activities.
Global warming is causing alterations in the oceans and is threatening marine animal life. Many ocean creatures are dying and becoming extent due to rising ocean temperatures. Warming up of ocean is the second largest reason after the release of pesticides and nutrients that are used in agricultural practices; of killing marine plants and shellfish. Military sonar usage is also affecting the ocean mammals especially whales and changes their feeding patterns and is causing their deaths.
I urge you to take a stand and eliminate the causes of these problems that are putting adverse effects on our ecosystem. Kindly formulate policies regarding the prevention of plastic bag and non-degradable materials near the oceans and beaches. Establishing marine parks can help preserve ocean life. Formulate the policy to abandon the use of military sonars in the oceans. Limiting the number of fishes that get caught daily should be reduced.
Overall formulate environment-friendly policies that can stop the further increase in temperature. I urge you to take serious action regarding this problem. Please let me hear back from you.
Sincerely,
Leo Liu
(Your address)
(Date)
Subject: Education
Pages: 1 Words: 300
Hamed Alnuaim
Instructor Name
Course Number
Date
Personal Statement
Everyday technology is advancing and converting ideas, that were once thought too ambitious, into reality. It no hidden secret how computers have influenced our lives and become an essential part of every activity. It has transformed our lives and continue to make it easier and secure. The exponential growth is extensive and widespread applications of computers are numerous (Sayer et al.). The technology astounds everyone with its practicality and utility and this is the reason I want to become a Computer Engineer. The task of a computer engineer is to research and explore, design a suitable and sustainable solution, develop the solution, test it via prototypes and supervise the manufacturing and installation of circuit boards, chips, and computer systems (Brookshear). In addition to this, they also develop peripherals to extend the scope of the project.
My major interests include Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Physics and with a fusion of these major, I aspire to enter the field of Quantum Computing. It is my hobby to read and research on many interesting topics of Quantum Computing. I find this field particularly interesting as the rate of technological advance is even higher (Hirvensalo). The field of computer science has an extensive variety of exciting and assorted careers ranging from hardware engineers to web developers.
I aim to go to the U.S. to study computer engineering as their institutes are world recognized for quality higher education, especially computer engineering. This is the reason that competition for getting admission there is hard. My motive to study in America is to focus on developing practical skills which are required hardware engineering and programming. The institutes in America encourage students to join multiple technical projects which are mainly organized by universities or tech companies. U.S. is known as the ‘Hub of IT Companies’. It because IT experts gather on technical platforms in the U.S. and hold courses and lectures on the latest trends in Computer Science. From the job perspective, the U.S. is one of the best places to study computer engineering because the technical companies send experts to teach at universities and conferences, moreover, as they frequently recruit for talented interns. It is understood that as many inventions and advancements take place in America so more job opportunities are available there.
Works Cited
Brookshear, J. Glenn. Computer Science. 2008, https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1571740.
Hirvensalo, Mika. “Quantum Computing.” Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions, edited by Anne L. C. Runehov and Lluis Oviedo, Springer Netherlands, 2013, pp. 1922–26. Springer Link, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1230.
Sayer, Andrew, et al. “High Technology Industry and the International Division of Labour: The Case of Electronics.” The Development of High Technology Industries, 22 Mar. 2018, doi:10.4324/9781351269001-2.
Subject: Education
Pages: 1 Words: 300
Your Name
Instructor Name
Course Number
Date
Admission Essay: Computer Science
I was always fascinated by the applications of computing. This is the reason that my long term career goals are related to computers. Although computer science intrigued me but the technological advancement in computers sparked my desire and I chose computer science to learn more and enhance my knowledge.
Since I decided to study abroad, I chose the UK because of the multi-diverse culture which gives equal opportunity to everyone without prejudices ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"4rQyh74v","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}British Prejudice against Immigrants Is among Lowest in Europe, Study Shows})","plainCitation":"(British Prejudice against Immigrants Is among Lowest in Europe, Study Shows)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":477,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/LY5VUFD6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/LY5VUFD6"],"itemData":{"id":477,"type":"webpage","title":"British prejudice against immigrants is among lowest in Europe, study shows","URL":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2019/02/26/british-prejudice-against-immigrants-among-lowest-europe-study/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,30]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (British Prejudice against Immigrants Is among the Lowest in Europe, Study Shows). As the UK universities qualification is recognized internationally and the UK culture give respect to everyone who came here for higher education ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lg49Coxt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Why Study In The UK? Understand the Benefits of UK Study})","plainCitation":"(Why Study In The UK? Understand the Benefits of UK Study)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":471,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/JJAZTBNE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/JJAZTBNE"],"itemData":{"id":471,"type":"webpage","title":"Why Study In The UK? Understand the benefits of UK Study","URL":"https://www.ucas.com/undergraduate/applying-university/international-and-eu-students/studying-uk","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,30]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Why Study In The UK? Understand the Benefits of UK Study). I felt motivated and encouraged to apply in the UK as it helps me to achieve my professional goals.
I wanted to become a computer scientist as I am more interestedin exploring how issues can be resolved through artificial intelligence. I desire to explore more about machine intelligence and human cognition. I am a highly enthusiastic, ambitious and self-motivated person and always ready to learn from others as well as share my experience with them. I never restrict my knowledge to computer but I also have an interest in current affairs. My career goal is to acquire a job as a software developer in well-renowned company in the United Kingdom ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"pSrevwyn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Graduate Software Development Engineer - UK (Bristol) - Bristol - Indeed.Co.Uk})","plainCitation":"(Graduate Software Development Engineer - UK (Bristol) - Bristol - Indeed.Co.Uk)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":475,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/VWXUKZCR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/VWXUKZCR"],"itemData":{"id":475,"type":"webpage","title":"Graduate Software Development Engineer - UK (Bristol) - Bristol - Indeed.co.uk","URL":"https://www.indeed.co.uk/viewjob?jk=f1a4e4a30677a274&tk=1dqtqbepf96q2801&from=serp&vjs=3","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,30]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Graduate Software Development Engineer - UK (Bristol) - Bristol - Indeed.Co.Uk).
I want to explore more in the world of computer science as I believe that it will be extremely useful in the future if not necessary. The advancement in computer technology completely changed the way we live. I feel that if I have allowed studying in the UKI will prove that I am beneficial for the institution. I am excited about the prospect that through studying computer sciences I will advance my knowledge.I believe that the culture of UK universities and my knowledge help me in achieving my professional goals.
Works Cited:
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY British Prejudice against Immigrants Is among the Lowest in Europe, Study Shows. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2019/02/26/british-prejudice-against-immigrants-among-lowest-europe-study/. Accessed 30 Nov. 2019.
Graduate Software Development Engineer - UK (Bristol) - Bristol - Indeed.Co.Uk. https://www.indeed.co.uk/viewjob?jk=f1a4e4a30677a274&tk=1dqtqbepf96q2801&from=serp&vjs=3. Accessed 30 Nov. 2019.
Why Study In The UK? Understand the Benefits of UK Study. https://www.ucas.com/undergraduate/applying-university/international-and-eu-students/studying-uk. Accessed 30 Nov. 2019.
Subject: Education
Pages: 1 Words: 300
Your Name
Instructor Name
Course Number
Date
Admission Essay: Mechatronics Engineering
I studied the statement of Albert Szent who said that "Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought." I used to imagine things from an early age to bring innovation in technology. As I believe that through imagination in an innovative way we could transform things into reality such as a robot that is designed to perform critical tasks ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"megEDgql","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Postgraduate Robotics and Mechatronics Personal Statement | Studential.Com})","plainCitation":"(Postgraduate Robotics and Mechatronics Personal Statement | Studential.Com)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":492,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/6HCRG5E6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/6HCRG5E6"],"itemData":{"id":492,"type":"webpage","title":"Postgraduate Robotics and Mechatronics Personal Statement | Studential.com","URL":"https://www.studential.com/personal-statement-examples/Postgraduate-Robotics-and-Mechatronics-personal-statement","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Postgraduate Robotics and Mechatronics Personal Statement | Studential.Com). I always get fascinated by machines and robots this is the reason I always participate in ROBOTICS competitions and exhibitions.
The reason I want to pursue my higher education in the United Kingdom is because of its world-class education and my interest to explore more about their culture and I also want to perfect my English language abilities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ZUGytrrc","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Bachelors in United Kingdom - BachelorsPortal.Com})","plainCitation":"(Bachelors in United Kingdom - BachelorsPortal.Com)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":490,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/BG77BYL4"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/BG77BYL4"],"itemData":{"id":490,"type":"webpage","title":"Bachelors in United Kingdom - BachelorsPortal.com","URL":"https://www.bachelorsportal.com/countries/30/united-kingdom.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bachelors in United Kingdom - BachelorsPortal.Com). I listened about the high-quality learning and top-notch research of the UK that’s why I want to further pursue my further education there.
As I progressed in my study I learned more about the control system and felt like I am leaning towards it and with the programming mechanical engineering aspect. When I first introduced programming and learned the fact that we can automate the hard tasks I was flabbergasted with this fact. Then I enhanced my programming skills on Arduino and get fundamental knowledge about integrating software and hardware together ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Sj2zDb4X","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}116 Bachelors in Mechatronics - BachelorsPortal.Com})","plainCitation":"(116 Bachelors in Mechatronics - BachelorsPortal.Com)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":488,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/WADXG277"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/WADXG277"],"itemData":{"id":488,"type":"webpage","title":"116 Bachelors in Mechatronics - BachelorsPortal.com","URL":"https://www.bachelorsportal.com/disciplines/253/mechatronics.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (116 Bachelors in Mechatronics - BachelorsPortal.Com). This enhanced my interest in mechatronics for me this field blurred boundaries among various disciplines of engineering. It is also a further logical step in engineering evolution.
I believe that mechatronics engineering will help me in acquiring theoretical concepts which include electrochemical systems and mathematical modeling as well as it would provide me the opportunity to apply all these techniques in real life. My professional goal is to acquire a job in the aerospace industry and apply my knowledge and expertise to a role ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"piXkJQpS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Mechatronics Engineer Jobs\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“Mechatronics Engineer Jobs”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":486,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/4LM2RFVA"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/vDOrLj7p/items/4LM2RFVA"],"itemData":{"id":486,"type":"webpage","title":"Mechatronics engineer Jobs","container-title":"Glassdoor","abstract":"Search Mechatronics engineer jobs. Get the right Mechatronics engineer job with company ratings & salaries. 1,632 open jobs for Mechatronics engineer.","URL":"https://www.glassdoor.co.uk/Job/mechatronics-engineer-jobs-SRCH_KO0,21.htm","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Mechatronics Engineer Jobs”). For this reason, the UK is the only place that will help me in achieving my goals.
The well-qualified faculty of the UK has ideally suited me in gaining my professional targets looking forward to joining the Mechatronics engineering program in the UK.
Work Cited
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY 116 Bachelors in Mechatronics - BachelorsPortal.Com. https://www.bachelorsportal.com/disciplines/253/mechatronics.html. Accessed 2 Dec. 2019.
Bachelors in United Kingdom - BachelorsPortal.Com. https://www.bachelorsportal.com/countries/30/united-kingdom.html. Accessed 2 Dec. 2019.
“Mechatronics Engineer Jobs.” Glassdoor, https://www.glassdoor.co.uk/Job/mechatronics-engineer-jobs-SRCH_KO0,21.htm. Accessed 2 Dec. 2019.
Postgraduate Robotics and Mechatronics Personal Statement | Studential.Com. https://www.studential.com/personal-statement-examples/Postgraduate-Robotics-and-Mechatronics-personal-statement. Accessed 2 Dec. 2019.
Subject: Education
Pages: 1 Words: 300
Student’s Name
Instructor
Course Code
Date
Government should implement mandatory vaccination for communicable diseases
Vaccination is considered by medical practitioners and researchers as one of the greatest achievement in the modern civilization. A study conducted by Balding (14) concluded common diseases for children which were highly available have been rare because of vaccination. Vaccination has reduced the rate at which communicable diseases spread among children worldwide. Reiss and Weithorn ( 21) pointed out that mandatory vaccination started in the early days across the United States. In almost 50 states, it is a mandatory requirement for children their vaccination card upon admission. This makes it mandatory for children to be vaccinated before being admitted to school. However, the recent outbreak of measles in the United States is the highest in history since the country made a declaration that it has been eliminated in the year 2000. Researchers from Centre for Disease Control (CDC) have pointed that the increase of cases of measles and other communicable diseases is due to people not getting vaccinated. Vaccination is the best and most effective public health intervention applied worldwide for saving life and promoting good life. According to CITATION Ben06 \p 21 \l 1033 (Balding 21), despite the importance of vaccination, the uptake of vaccination has severely reduced in the several countries due to cultural, religion and even some misguide concerns regarding the safety of vaccination. Though there are misguided concerns regarding vaccination, vaccination should be mandatory to help prevent the spread of communicable diseases, and provide safety and healthy society.
Vaccination should be made mandatory to all children to prevent the resurgence of infection diseases in the society. A study conducted by Bozzola, Spina and Russo (21) concluded that several cases of resurgence of communicable diseases occur in places where vaccination has been abolished. For instance, the outbreak of April 2019 measles in Texas affected mostly districts where vaccination had been limited years back. Some of these regions have strong religious beliefs and conservatives and therefore, parents have misguided concerns regarding vaccination. This caused a serious decline of vaccination making thousands of children to miss vaccination yearly. It made children venerable to infection by measles which caused the death of several children. Though measles had already been declared no existed in the United States, states where it has never been practiced like Texas and others are more likely to be affected by measles outbreak. Bozzola, Spina and Russo (14) stated that vaccination help in the prevention of diseases and therefore, children who vaccinated are less likely to get communicable diseases compared to the rest of children who have never been vaccinated.
The high rates of vaccination during the childhood are important to help in the prevention of infection diseases which contributes to the decline of mortality and mobility in the society. It is therefore, evident that vaccination is one of the importance tools used in primary prevention of communicable diseases. Therefore, enforcing mandatory vaccination is some of the strategies used by some countries and others are also considering adopting the same method. The policies of mandatory vaccination have also been controversial and normally receive opposition from various groups. Vaccination helps in solving the problems related to communicable diseases. According to Westphalen (23), children who were vaccinated can rarely get diseases like measles and other communicable diseases. A survey indicated that 90% of children affected by measles in April 2019 in the United States have never been vaccinated. It is therefore, evident vaccination is a key factor for the prevention of diseases. In A study published in Eurosurveillance, a journal of the European Center for Disease and Prevention, French researchers stated that vaccination rate highly increased in 2018, when comparison is done with older children CITATION Den18 \p 25 \l 1033 (Westphalen 25). Therefore, it is the reason for increased safety and health of children in Europe. Westphalen (15) farther pointed that it has been years since the last outbreak of communicable diseases in Europe and this could be as a result of mandatory vaccination policy being applied in all European countries.
The government of the United State should ensure that mandatory vaccination of children is enacted in all states across the country. Studies have proved that nations with mandatory vaccination rarely experience outbreak of communicable diseases therefore, the United States, should imitate the policies and ensure that children are well protected through mandatory vaccination policy. Making vaccination against communicable diseases should therefore, be made mandatory in the United States. A study conducted by Petterson (21) to investigate the spread of measles in the early 1960s before measles vaccination was introduce shows that in 1963 before the vaccination was introduced the spread of measles were high the rate of measles attack to children. Since the introduction of vaccine for measles the rate of measles spread in the United States has drastically reduced compared to the previous years. It is also concluded that majority of children who develop symptoms of other diseases have never been faced communicable diseases, It is therefore, evident that vaccination of patients if the best strategies which can be used to prevent the existence of communicable diseases. Mandatory vaccination therefore, is the best strategies which should be used by nursing practitioners and other medical professions to prevent the spread of communicable diseases in the society.
Though several researchers support the idea of mandatory vaccination, there some people who feel vaccination should be option. According to Janko (12), mandatory vaccination violates the right and freedom of people and therefore, it should be avoided. It is pointed that people should have the right to make their own choices and mandatory vaccination violates the principle and the right of people and therefore, it cannot be allowed to continue being used in the United States. Therefore, vaccination should be left option and parents should have choice to vaccinate or not. Vaccination should also not be a mandatory because some of the misguided concerns which have never been addressed. It is argued that vaccination is not safe and therefore, children who are vaccinated have high chances of getting other diseases. A study conducted by Rogers (21) illustrated that some parents have concerns with vaccination because of substance which are being injected directly into the blood stream of children. It is argued that medical practitioners and other rogue organizations get opportunity to infect children further through vaccination which have caused a great risk to many children in some countries like South Africa. In South Africa and other countries from Sub – Sahara Africa therefore, have been allegation of infection being directly injected into the blood stream of children through vaccination.
It is also unethical and illegal to force parents to vaccinate their children against their will. The cultural and religion belief of people are core factor in building a better society. According to Rogers (25), it is important for the government and other stakeholders to respect cultural and religion belief of people and therefore, nobody should be forced against his or her belief to vaccinate his or her children. Mandatory vaccination takes the responsibilities away from parents to make choices on behalf of their children. Rogers (23) pointed that this is illegal and therefore, the government should not assume the responsibility to make decision on behalf of parents and therefore, vaccination should not be mandatory for all children. Parents should have an opportunity to make a choice whether to vaccinate their children or not. Therefore, vaccination should not be mandatory and nobody should be forced to vaccinate his or her child without taking into consideration and the right and freedom of an individual.
Though some people are opposed to mandatory vaccination by the government, it is the best concept which the government should deploy for the benefit of the future generation. A study has established that mandatory vaccination prevent the resurgence and keep children safe and in good health. It would be recommended for the government to have effective policy to implement mandatory vaccination throughout the country in all school and other places of gathering. Though in almost 50 states, children are required to get vaccinated before being admitted to school, this could not be enough way to implement the policy. The government should use collaborative and partnership approach to address some of the misguided concerns including religious and cultural beliefs which still hindered vaccination. The government should therefore, collaborate with churches, local community centers and other organized groups to provide teachings regarding vaccination so that a community can understand its importance and adopt the idea of vaccination. This is likely to increase the number of children getting vaccinated and therefore, the prevention of communicable diseases would high and achieved by the government. It is important to make vaccination a mandatory practice to all children to prevent the resurgence of infection diseases in the society. A study conducted by Bozzola, Spina and Russo (21) concluded that several cases of resurgence of communicable diseases occur in places where vaccination has been abolished. It would be the best technique to address the problem of break out of diseases and it would help in avoiding the breakout of measles in the near future.
Works Cited
BIBLIOGRAPHY Balding, Ben. "Mandatory Vaccination: Why We Still Got To Get Folks To Take Their Shots."
LEDA At Harvard Law School (2006): 2-15.
Bozzola, Elena, et al. "Mandatory vaccinations in European countries, undocumented
information, false news and the impact on vaccination uptake: the position of the Italian pediatric society." Italian Journal of Pediatricsvolume (2018): 2-35.
Janko, Matthew. "Vaccination: A Victim of Its Own Success." AMA Journal of ethics (2018): 2-
15.
Petterson, Richard. "Legal approaches to promoting parental compliance with childhood
immunization recommendations." Journal of Nursing and Science (2014): 2-15.
Reiss, Dorit Rubinstein and Lois A. Weithorn. "Legal approaches to promoting parental
compliance with childhood immunization recommendations." Journal of Human Vaccin Immunother. (2018): 2-18.
Rogers, Caroline. "Caroline Rogers." http://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-
content/uploads/2014/07/Public-health-ethical-issues.pdf (2015): 2-14.
Westphalen, Dena. "Should Childhood Vaccines Become Mandatory in the US?"
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/should-childhood-vaccines-become-mandatory-in-the-us#What-the-report-showed-about-vaccination-rates- (2018): 2-34.
Subject: Education
Pages: 5 Words: 1500
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Sustainable water management issues in Perth, the capital city of Western Australia.
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Sustainable water management issues in Perth, the capital city of Western Australia.
Introduction
The rivers and streams in the Mediterranean climate region are ecologically very special. They reflect a unique pattern of precipitation and they have the most unusual form of flooding. They are the hot-spots for the living organism in the med-region. So the med-rivers require some adaptive mechanism to survive the drought. The humanitarian use of water in the area is complex and needs proper management.
The South-Western Australian experiences a Climate shift in the 1970s and the rainfall in this region reduced by 10-15. The reservoir that supplies water to the city of Perth also reduced by half due to less rainfall in the region. This city has a population of 1.8million and a Mediterranean Climate like the other parts of the world that are experiencing drought and less rainfall. The streams in the region will be reduced by a quarter till 2030 and the ground level of the plans in the coastal areas of south-western Australia has also decreased since the 1970s. At that time the aquifers of the mainstream going towards Perth were covered with vegetation. The groundwater level will fall down more till 2030.
The level of rainfall and ground level of water is decreasing and due to the increase in the local population water consumption is also increasing. The water yields need to be increased and the number of water sources that are used for consumption should be increased.
The water yields in the surface area decreased by 24 percent and groundwater yields are decreased by 2 percent. That is because the evapotranspiration has reduced and the fall of groundwater levels. Perth and other regions of South-western Australia will have a reduction in the water yields due to the current water consumption habit of the population. The surface water resources and the groundwater are available for use but that will completely drain out till 2030.
There were 125 GL of water in Perth in the 1970s but the area has now constructed a new dam and the water demand increased up to 250GL. The overall drinking water catchments have declined in Perth up to 70 percent. The reduction in the water level is partly due to climate change in the region. However, the runoff of the catchment is influenced by evaporation and precipitation. The runoff of rainfall depends on the climate and soil-vegetation interaction. In such a scenario the population of the area is also been reportedly increasing and the water yields are decreasing.
This report highlights the rapidly drying climate of Perth and the water management in the area. It discusses the most influencing factors that cause water crisis in the city. The report set a specific goal to minimize the problem of sustainable water management in Perth. The project will focus on the Sustainable Development Goals related to the water crisis and climate change.
The projects involve local government policymakers who will be generating new water management plans for the increasing population. The report will recommend some ways to overcome the water crisis in the city. As this is the most water-consuming area in Australia. The report will suggest how to preserve the water sources in order to save them from drying out in the future.
The scale to consider sustainable water management problem in Perth.
The scale chosen for this project is the local government water management department. The project will give suggestion to the local government to introduce new ways to overcome the water crisis in the city and to reconsider its water management strategies. It will let the government know that sustainable management of water is necessary for the future of the country in general and the city in specific.
The problem of sustainable water management in Perth.
Perth is using groundwater for commercial and domestic purposes. Groundwater is providing up to 80 percent of the water to this area and that is 560 GL per year. The rest of the twenty percent of the water in the area comes from dams. This city is unique among other cities of Australia as it uses groundwater for daily uses.
The city has been supplying water to other local areas. The water services in the city are based on centralized infrastructure that supplies ground level water to the urban areas. The system is unable to manage the groundwater resources and thus the water sources will dry out till 2030. The city is facing a sustainability problem as the centralized system of water management is unable to meet the sustainable goal set for water management. The Sustainable development goal number ensures the availability of water and the sustainable management of water and sanitation for everyone.
Factors contributing to the problem of sustainable water management in Perth
Climate change
Increasing population
Poor regional water management programs
No water saving measures
Wasting of wastewater
No proper sanitation system
No water trading and water pricing
Major system factors influencing the problem of sustainable water management problem in Perth
Climate change
The average rainfall in the area will reduce by 8 percent till 2030 and there is a 50 percent chance that it will happen so. There is a chance of ten percent that the rainfall might decrease by 15 percent. The groundwater level is the main source of water in the area and that will decrease to 580 t0 700GL per year due to climate change. The increasing temperature will dry out water resources and decreased the surface-water availability by 50 percent. The public supply and demand for water are increasing and the population is growing which is making the scarcity of water even worst.
Due to climate change, the demand for water in Western-Australia is increasing and the rate of demand is tremendously increasing in the dry out region of Perth. The region will have an absolute deficiency of water until 2020. The available resources of water are declining and Perth is importing water from its neighbouring cities. There is a competition of climate change and the demand for water, especially in urban areas. This scenario demands an alternative source of water, inter-regional supplier of water and the introduction of water re-use mechanism.
Due to climate change, the dams of Perth are receiving very less water, last year the dams received 72.4bn litters of water and the demand of the local population is very high that is 300 billion. The government has tried to fix the problem with desalination mechanism but the population is not able to cope with the increasing temperature.
This is the most influencing factor because due to climate change the ground level water reservoirs are drying out as a result of precipitation and the rainfall has also decreased due to the hot temperature.
Increasing population
Perth is growing rapidly. It is isolated from the other population centers of Australia. It has a green environment despite the low rainfall and dry climate. Its population has tremendously increased in the previous years. The population will increase up to 2.3 million approximately by 2030. It has doubled as compared to the year 1980. Thus, the residential water usage is also increasing. The water efficient should be increased in the future in order to cope with the increasing demand for water in the growing city. The current usage of water is 145 kiloliters per person in a year and with this increasing rate of a population the demand has increased by 120 gig liters.
Increasing population is among the most influencing factors that increase the problem of sustainable water management problem in Perth. It is increasing the demand for water and it also needs more water management policies so that the increasing population will have enough water supply.
Traditional approaches to water management
Perth is using the traditional approaches of the dam, rainwater, and groundwater as a source of water supply to its increasing water. Those water sources will lose their demands in the near future because they will be unable to supply enough water to the increasing population. Perth will face a water challenge in the near future even more if the city will be unable to upgrade its water infrastructure. By 2050 the demand for water is, even more, increasing in the city and 238 gig liters need to be generated.
This factor is important because due to the traditional water management approaches Perth is unable to manage its water sources and new centralized water cycling mechanism, desalination approaches, and water supplying infrastructure are needed.
Analysis of the linkages of the factors
Climate change, increasing population and the traditional approaches of water management are the influential factors that affect the water management in the city of Perth. The traditional water management approaches are constructions of dam, using rain water and ground water as a main source of water in the city. Due to increasing population the demand of water is increasing and the city needs modern means of water storage, infrastructure and water recycling mechanism so that it can cope with the increasing climate change and the huge water demand of the population.
The climate change is increasing the overall temperature which reduced rainfall and increasing the precipitation of water from the surface of the dam and it is drying away the ground source of water. So modern means of water management is needed to cope with climate change. Moreover, the huge population is increasing the demand for water which also needs modern means of water management.
Conclusion
Perth is the major driest city of Australia and it has been facing water crisis from decades. The average rainfall in the city is decreasing and the city is dependent on groundwater as a primary source of water. But its population is increasing tremendously which is increasing the demand for water and making this city the most water-consuming city in Australia.
The overall goal of the project is to minimize the problem of sustainable water management in Perth the outcomes of the project are to identify modern means of water management and sanitation. It also aims to ensure the availability of water for everyone in the city. The project also focuses on controlling the human activities that increase the greenhouse effect and thus helps in increasing the overall temperature of the earth.
The outcomes of the project are related to the Sustainable Development Goals that ensure the availability of water to everyone and the sustainable management of water and sanitation. The project is also targeting the factors that lead to climate change and it relates to the goal 13 of the SDG which says to take actions against climate change.
The projects involve local government policymakers who will be generating new water management plans for the increasing population. Who will also make population control plans to decreases the water demand in the region. The key stakeholders will be the local government official, NGOs, and volunteer organizations and the will be involved by letting them know the water crisis in the locality. The projection will run in coordination with them.
The main activities under this project will be to conduct background research on the water crisis in the city and to recommend water management ideas to the local government. Then taking help from NGOs and volunteer organizations to implement those recommended tasks.
The major barrier to the project could be the global behavior which leads to Climate change and the cost of implementing modern means of water management. They can be overcome by strengthening the diplomatic ties with other countries so that they could invest in the modern means of water management inside the country. Overcoming climate change is not possible in a year or two but taking care of the harmful emissions of CFCs could lessen the effect of climate change.
The success of the project could be measured if the city overcomes the water-crisis and the demand for water in the country will be easily met. If the number of water reservoirs in the city increased and the city overcome the increasing population and drought.
In nutshell, the evidence can be drawn from the research that Perth is highlight being affected by climate change and it is facing a major water crisis. At the same time, the city is unable to control its increasing population which is consuming the maximum of water in Australia. The project will help the local government of Perth to overcome its water crisis.
Recommendations
Expanding the source of water supply and the recycling of wastewater should be focused on. The water conservation will be promoted without compromise the life standards of the local people.
The long term supply of water should be managed by investing in new sources of water that is desalination of water and importing water from other cities.
The uncertainties in the rainfall should be taken into account and the department of water of the local government should reactivate the exploration of groundwater.
Water should be given monetary values so that people of Perth will not waste it.
Exploratory drilling will be continued by the local government in search of a new source of groundwater.
The groundwater database should be managed.
The local population should be controlled by population controlling plans
The human activities that lead to an increase in global temperature should be controlled.
The social, environmental and economic aspects should be balanced and more technological investments should be ensured to supply usable water.
The desalination plans should be planted across the city so that cheap sour e of water will be available.
Sustainability of the water sources should be ensured by the development of groundwater sources so that the future generation will not have to experience further water crisis.
The local government should take the NGOs on board in order to increase the investment on new measures of water management.
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Subject: Education
Pages: 8 Words: 2400
[Name of the Writer]
[Name of Instructor]
[Subject]
[Date]
Revolutionary actions for independence and religion in Korea
SUMMARY
This article examines the role of Protestant Christianity in Korea from the time of its introduction in 1884 to the modern era. This faith became the reason of modernization in the closing years of nineteenth century. It also emerged as a nationalistic during the Japanese colonial rule from 1910 to 1945. In 1960s and 1970s, it became submerged in the social and political climate obsessed with the pursuit of economic development. Through all these times Protestant Christianity in Korea has gone through many stages. It was transformative in the beginning, during the middle period it presented itself as a prominent nationalistic and now it has become a dominant as a religious group.
The article further tells about the March first movement in 1919. This movement is also called as Samil Independence movement. This movement was the series of demonstrations for the national independence of Korea from Japan. This movement officially started on first March in Seoul the capital city of Korea and soon it was spread all over the country. During the movement many people lost their lives. Approximately, twenty lac Korean people participated in more than fifteen hundred demonstration. Japanese police and soldiers almost killed seven thousand people and sixteen thousand people were injured. Many people got arrested as well of whom around ten thousand people were tried and convicted. Many private houses and churches were destroyed by fire and finally after twelve months Japanese were able to stop the movement. Initially the movement was started by thirty three Korean cultural and religious leaders and although the movement failed to accomplish its end goal which was the national independence for Korea but the movement played a significant role in strengthening the national unity which ultimately led towards the Shanghai of the Korean provisional government. This movement also helped the Korean nation to enhance the rise of communist party and today first March is a national holiday in both North and South Korea.
People cannot live on food alone they have to develop good moral values as they pursue the life-interests. During the process of pursuing, human beings develop their capacities to the highest extent. The good deeds of people should be purely done on the basis of positive thoughts and not for egotistic purpose. Life interests without having any spiritual meaning or positive approach are completely lame and provide no benefit to the individual and to the nation.
Critical Thinking
According to my point of view, Protestant Christianity gave Korea its first transformative outlook and played an important role in the independence. Religion in Korea is perceived as a social physiological means for living a comfortable life in this world. I think today protestant Christianity is not about to win the women and men to the churches but to develop the deepest ethical values in their day to day life which symbols the values of Christian religion and leads towards a good Korean society.
I think Protestantism took a leading role in the first March movement and stood greatly. Protestantism recovered the lost appeal among the Korean population and a new upturn in its membership was emerged concretely. The curve representing the total number of Southern Methodist members and probationers in 1910 was steadily going downward but in 1920 the curve sharply moved upward again and within five years the net gain reached one hundred and two percent. The independence movement urged the rapid growth period in the churches of Korea. The transformed trust and acceptance in Koreans was being appreciated by the missionaries and they also remained neutral in the political actions. They were looked as a friendly and polite spirits. Eventually, Protestantism gained a greater place in the hearts of Koreans and they considered it as a legitimate religion. According to my critical thinking, Koreans contributed with great passion and provided great struggle for the political freedom from Japanese and Protestantism helped in acquiring the nationalistic credentials for Korean nation. After the time when the horrible nightmare of Japanese hold was ended such Protestantism credentials stood steadily. After the Korean War from 1950 t0 1953 the South Korea was rapidly industrialized and millions of lost people migrated back to cites in search of work and jobs hoping foe new life with structures and structures in the midst. The protestant proselytizers vigorously engage themselves in their work and paid none attention towards the taunts received by the people. Many individuals think Protestantism as a foreign religion in Korea and thought that protestant proselytizers were distributing a foreign religion in Korea. The time when March first movement ended as an event immediately after that the movement began to emerge as a national monument. Protestantism spiritual interests became well associated with the real interest of the Korean nation and it is an association that played a role of key factors in the rise of Protestantism in Korea.
Subject: Education
Pages: 3 Words: 900
Name of Student
Name of Professor
Name of Class
Day Month Year
Christianity and women
Article.1
Claiming their own space: Australian women missionaries in Korean, 1891-1900
Summary:
This article asserts that the very first group of Australian women missionaries arrived in Korea in 1891 and this group represented the Presbyterian women's missionary Union of Victoria. Pioneering work of this group was interrupted by the tension that was created between them and the male members of cleric authority. In this article, author tried to investigate the disputed that rose between the opposite genders. This dispute continued for several years that not only become an issue for this missionary but also served as the root cause of creating chaos for many other missionaries such as North American missionaries. One of the significant concerns that have been argued in this article is the involvement of Australian women missionaries in general public affairs and disputes. This was the main issue that put a torch light on the patriarchal order, and it was the time when women got space in the public affairs as well. Another major thing that grasps attention of reader is the spark of Australian women missionaries that directly challenged male-centered society. This article also identifies various distinctive characteristics of Australian women’s missionary work and motives.
Critical thinking:
By having a profound insight, I could say that there was great conflict in the ideology of males and females who were preaching about the Christian religion in old ages. This article is indicating towards the conception of feminism as it has been seen that three Australian women landed in 1891 in Korean for taking side of women and claimed that women like men should be valued for playing a significant role in religious and public affairs. I have witnessed a great contradiction in the religious ideology of women and men of that time. At that time, it happened for the very first time that women directly challenged dominant male society, and this thing was almost indigestible for men of that time. Specifically religious affairs used to be led by the male preachers and they were directly challenged by the Australian women missionaries when they claimed for some space. From this reading, it has been cleared that during late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries women used to express their discontent openly against males of that time who used to take all the important decisions. It was the time when women missionaries started giving their point of views despite thinking about the views of men upon a certain issue.
Article.2
Korean Bible Women’s success: Using the Anbang Network and the Religious authority of the Mudang
Summary:
In this article, it has been asserted that work of evangelization of Korean Bible Women was a great success because they seek help of women's Anbang and also followed instructions of many other prominent female religious key figures in mudang. This article also spots a light on the closeness of Bible Women with Korean Women; the former shared its new ideology about the western Protestant ideas by entering into the women quarters. New paradigms about the role of women in society were discussed by these two groups as well. Work that was done throughout this period seems to be Korean despite the conservative Confucian milieu that restricted activities of women. This article also appreciates culturally rich work being done by Bible Women in Korea that gives overview of the daily life of women of Anbang. Bible Women was performing the same task that used to be previously performed by mudang for centuries. Many experts have claimed that similarity of function in the work of both mudang and Bible Women, had given more Korean look rather than Western, to Christian work of Bible Women. Many functional similarities between the group of females, mudang and Korean Bible Women have been spotted in this reading as well.
Critical thinking:
In this article, I could see Korean Bible Women as one of the pioneer group of nineteenth century who raised voice for securing rights of females in atmosphere where there were many restrictions for women. Females were not having freedom as it could be observed today. It has been seen that women evangelists started teaching women in Korean churches. These women were regarded strong enough to educate other women and raised voice for the rights of females. While studying this article, I came across many functions that have been performed by Bible Women who used to lead prayers, visit homes of parishioners and taking care of sick people. Another important thing that I have observed in this article is the similarity between the functioning of Bible Women and Korean Mudang. People who used to seek guidance of shamans used to explore power of spirits specifically. While reading this article, I could feel the frustration of females of that time and could see that sacrifices and efforts of the two groups who were struggling to have common goals won the battle.
Another thing that held my attention was the cooperation among women who supported these two groups for claiming their rights. It could be witnessed that there were many issues and hurdles that Bible Women faced, when Protestant Christianity was looked upon with suspicion and parents started feeling insecure for their daughters who wanted to be a part of this religious group. So as a whole, it could be concluded that for claiming rights of women specifically in a society where religiously women were not given much space above mentioned two groups struggled hard for rights of females and succeeded at the end as well in bringing about a healthy change.
Subject: Education
Pages: 3 Words: 900
Name of Student
Name of Professor
Name of Class
Day Month Year
Korean Christianity
In the article, Korean Protestantism in the Age of "Surplus of Positivity the writer, Choe Yong Un, wrote about the increase in Protestantism in Korea. From the 1990s onward, a massive number of churches were built in Korea. However, their reputation has been tarnished because of various serious incidences like sex scandals, corruption, hereditary succession, etc. Many cases of loan default were recorded due to which a large number of churches and facilities related to churches were brought up for court sale. The growth-oriented behavior of church leaders and pastors resulted in an aggravation of these critical situations. The writer developed a new cultural criticism theory which suggested that the era of the 1990s was that of neurosis, as it a time when excess positivity resulted in depression and exploitation. Applying the pathological analogy, he claimed that we are living in a fatigued society. In the same period, Koreans experienced changes in their economic sector through labor-intensive and technology-intensive progress. An employee on a senior designation would show the same attitude that was in the labor-intensive period due to which the labor would complain about the high working hours as well as low-income. Overwork and low income along with the insecurities related to jobs, in turn, lead to an increase in the overall suicide rates in the country. Increased rate of suicides exaggerated the concept of hilling yo˘lp’ung to satisfy the desire of healing.
The article Protestantism Comes East explains the turnover of the Korean population. As before twentieth-century, Protestant Christians were less than one percent of the population. During the twentieth century, they increased their power and renovated the country's social and political situation by advocating a spiritual life and valuing personal ethics. In the movement of 'civilian enlightenment' and ‘anti-Japanese imperialism,' protestant Christians actively participated. Pundits, journalists, and many scholars predicted that the future of Korea would be in the hands of Protestant Christians as they were producing leaders not just for their families but for the churches and the country. Only fifteen percent of South Koreans trust the leaders of protestant churches although membership of these churches is around twenty percent of the total population. Many predictions have been made that the power of protestant leaders will shrink, but those would be premature statements. The condition of the churches in contemporary times is that of a lack of change and growth. A 130-year-old church in Korea became part of the mainstream after the reformation of many old churches in Europe which included a five-hundred-year-old church in the west. It is time to develop a new vision and drive which aims to reach out to workers, youngster, refugees, and immigrants. This is what is needed to diminish the polarization between different groups of society.
The above two articles discussed the turnover in protestant Christian power and status. The twentieth-century result in the progress of the country economically as well as socially. Protestant Christian work for their status in society. They enhance their credibility through education and adapting technology-intensive process. Increase in suicide in Korea was one of the main factors which highlighted the protestant churches. The desire for healing and satisfied life when there were so much work pressure and individuals were insecure for their livelihood. Protestant Christian increased their churches and got the attention of depressed people especially youngsters. Korean Christian leaders generated the small church movement through which they exaggerate the concept of spiritual renewal, healing, and repose which in result become the reason for their success. Many negative scandals defame the image of churches, but the overall impact of these leaders and pastors remained powerful. The small churches movement enhance the role of small churches as compared to large growth-oriented churches. The wise decision of protestant Christians about entering into the social and political issues of the country rather than just sticking to the religious aspect results in the empowerment of the community. In the population where Protestant was in the excellent minority achievement through knowledge and skills created the significant degree in Protestantism. The new concept of the renovation of years old temple may result in a decline of protestant churches power. As Europe also focusing and promoting to upgrade the historical churches where people are now looking forward to this step but for crises or any instability can make the prediction false about the failure of churches. Pastors and church leaders at this point are now focusing to gain the attention of a different group of people especially who are outsider whether migrants or foreigners are living in Korea. Discipleship training for the members of churches is becoming popular to maintain the popularity of protestant churches.
Subject: Education
Pages: 3 Words: 900
Michael Kim
Professor
Course
14 January 2019
Title: Korean Christianity
Summary
In 17th and 18th century Korea, a struggle developed between progressive and conservative Catholics over the issue of authority CITATION Fra13 \l 1033 (Rausch). Bishop Gustav Mutel, who was the Korean apostolic vicariate’s bishop between 1890 to 1911, expanded his mission to nearly the entire Korea, and thus carried significant influence in shaping the policy of the Church then. Mutel condemned the Korean nationalist Catholic leader, An Chunggun, after he learned of his involvement in the assassination of Japanese colonial leader Ito Hirobumi. He was criticized by many, including his own community; however, as a missionary, Mutel saw the need for a strong government that would tolerate the Catholic Church, which would allow him to focus on his mission of spiritual salvation once the property and lives of Catholics were protected. Although reluctant from within, he accepted the Japanese colonial government over Korea and condemned the assassination of their leader.
There are a number of factors which led Bishop Mutel to make this decision. In Korea, Catholic persecution had a long history which had nearly destroyed the Church, destroyed the lives and property of thousands of faithful and made Catholic rites and rituals nearly impossible to practice. Mutel’s mission in Korea revolved around teaching, performing sacraments, carrying out pastoral tours and managing the overall growth of the Church. He saw the need for a government that would allow the Catholic Church a peaceful and stable environment, for them to spread and practice their faith. To maintain tolerance for his faith, he had to earlier decide when to oppose and when to obey the Choson state, striking a careful balance between priorities, as he further expanded his network with government officials. The respect and tolerance he would gain from state officials with regards to missionaries would encourage conversion and provide support to Catholics. The need for a strong government for this purpose led him to accept, albeit grudgingly, the new Japanese government that took over Korea. Similarly, for the Japanese government, the influence missionaries had on the masses of people in Korea as well as their home countries’ governments, they became a group who the Japanese rulers sought to attain support from. Any coercion against the Catholic Church and its institutions could alienate world powers with whom Japan wanted to forge ties. In addition, Mutel did not see Koreans having sufficient ability to govern their country effectively.
Thus, Mutel feared losing the tolerance he had strived so hard to develop within the government, he condemned the assassination and refused to have the spiritual needs of An Chungun attended to. He saw his actions as ultimately damaging to his mission and that of the Church.
Reflection
In my opinion, Bishop Gustave Mutel could be driven by different personal, organizational and spiritual factors which can explain why he would go the extra mile to win support from the government, despite criticism even from his allies. Mutel might have witnessed the Boxer Rebellion in China and may have foreseen the consequences of having a similar strife in Korea. The incident had led to thousands of Catholics being killed. Secondly, the time period in which these events were happening coincided with the events and aftermath of the French revolution in which an official separation between the state and the church was announced in France. In my view, Mutel may have thought that he would have little support from the French government in which those opposed to clerics had become dominant. Thus, he was possibly on his own and needed to forge ties with whoever was powerful in Korea or would govern it. I can understand his resentment towards the Japanese government for their history of persecution against the Catholics, but the demands of his mission required that he forges ties with their government instead.
This would naturally create divisions among the Catholic masses along with other missionaries, a difference of opinion is common in matters as sensitive as supporting an occupation. I am inclined to the view that many Korean Catholics desired a more nationalistic role of the Church and saw the binding force that the Church provided to strengthen themselves as a nation. One of those nationalists was An Chunggun, who went on to assassinate an important and influential Japanese leader, Ito Hirobumi. Often, nationalistic emotions can get the better of people. In my view, Bishop Mutel’s policy was more favorable and practical. His refusal to send a priest to attend to An when he was awaiting his execution was, in fact, a token of disapproval, as it clearly clashed with the overall mission of the Church. In my view sending a priest at that moment would have symbolized support of the Church for the assassination and Mutel could lose all that he worked for. Although the way events unfolded in the future was not disastrous for Catholics in the future, It is clear to me that Mutel’s policy was right in this regard and An’s decision to assassinate the Japanese leader was uncalled for.
Works Cited
BIBLIOGRAPHY Rausch, Franklin. "The Bishop’s Dilemma: Gustave Mutel and the Catholic Church in Korea, 1890–1910." Journal of Korean Religions 4.1 (2013): 43-69.
Subject: Education
Pages: 2 Words: 600
[Name of the Writer]
[Name of Instructor]
Korean Christianity
[Date]
Summary of the Article on the 19th Century Korean Reform Movements
In his article Young Ick Lew writes about the arrival of Christianity in Korea. According to the author, Korea has the largest number of Christianity followers in East Asia and it is started date back in 19th century. The Korean Reformers learned about the Christianity through visiting Japan and America. There are several chapter in the same article, which provide details on different topics related to the research article. The title of the article highlights that the author is focusing the 19th century. In 1880s, the activist mind officials of Korea disperse into three groups; Protestant Reformers, Confucianism Reformers and those who followed Buddhism. In the meantime, there were six leading Reformers who talked about Protestantism either in favor or against. This essay mainly aims to analyze the opinions and engagements of those six scholars. The researcher has used different external sources which would help in understanding the approaches of those reformers towards Christianity. Furthermore, in the first chapter Lew is giving an overview of the Korean exposure to the Protestantism in foreign countries during the period of late 1800s. Under this chapter, he informs that how Korean merchants embraced Christianity in the hands of missionaries of London Society. Further, it provides the details about how American and Japanese Missionaries played role to convert Koreans into Christianity in the 19th Century. Focusing the Six Reformers in mind, the writer narrates the events and incidences that how these scholars got interested in Protestantism and shared their opinions about it. On the other side, second chapter observes the responses of these young Confucians towards the beliefs and concepts of Christianity. At the same time, it also informs about different events concerning the Christian missionaries and the reaction of Korean Officials towards the Christianity beliefs and rituals. There different pieces of evidences provided by the writer to support his arguments. The essay also talks about the Confucianism beliefs of Koreans that some of them were so firm with their religious beliefs that they would not afraid of those religious missions of Western World. Likewise, the third chapter explores the conversion and rejection of Christianity by Buddhism activists. Its main focus is to the Buddhist beliefs about the new religion of the time i.e. Protestantism. In the Final Chapter, it is about those who actually converted into Protestantism. There were two prominent names of reformers in this section, who were motivated by Christianity teachings.
Critical Review of the Article
Before the arrival of Christianity, Buddhism and Confucianism were the dominant religions in Korean. However, later on Christian faith made its way to Korea and became the strongest religion in the region with maximum numbers of followers. It is interesting to read about the religion that how it got its roots into the ground of East Asia where people were having totally different religious views and concepts. The essay written by Young Ick Lew provides the details by using information from different sources and evidences. Using the evidences from source from various religions of the country makes the paper stronger. It is well-informed and well-written, dividing the essay into further sections make it easier for the reader to understand the idea.
Moreover, the writer has conveyed the idea by staying neutral. Dividing the Reformers of the 19th century is quite contriving and also enlightening. While reflecting on the paper I t got my attention that writer is making a point by calling the 19th century Korean Students of Protestants as less fortunate in comparison to those of the 18th Century students of Catholicism. It is because the 19th Century students had to struggle more because of the unavailability of written resources in Korea. However, it can be also a reason that on exposure to the new religion in foreign land, the students and official reformers captivated by its teachings. Although, Korean students and officials were converting into Protestantism through missionaries from Western world, there are indications in the essay that many of intellectuals in Korea opposed the Christianity missions. However, the rulers and governmental officials were more concerned about alliances with Western world and Japan, therefore they ignored those missions carried by Christian Missionaries.
Subsequently, the essay has so much to tell, it does not informs about the Protestantism in Korea only. Somewhat, it has also touched the other religions like Confucianism and Buddhism by linking them with arrival of Protestantism. Moreover, I am shock that few of the Reformers like Yu Kil-chun studied about Protestantism, adopted it and wrote many books on it. However, after comparing it with the other religions he ended up returning to Confucianism. It is because Confucianism ethical standards seemed stronger than Christian teachings. In short, this essay is very helpful to learn about the history of Christianity in Korea. It is very brief and it has factual based discussions which provide strong academic sources for any research related to Religions in Korea.
Subject: Education
Pages: 3 Words: 900
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Critical Response
Summary of the Article
The central theme of this piece of knowledge is to critically explore the religious-political aspirations specifically of North Korean migrants and the domain of protestant churches in Seoul. Different experiences and challenges faced by the specific population recognized as North Korean refugee-migrants in the capitalist city of a Korea is the major feature of consideration. The role of evangelical Protestant Church can never be ignored when it comes to the understanding of the entire approach of subjectivity for the migrants. Identification of specific performative rituals is also critical aspects that reflect religious-political goals for the future.
The main idea behind the paradigm of the transformation of individual North Korean migrants towards Christianity is established as one complex, diverse, and indecisive phenomenon. The multifarious approach of this entire scenario requires to never consider it only on strict teleological argument. Keen observation of different rituals based on the concept of performativity is essential to recognize the elements of violence and peace that are linked with the phenomenon of religious-political ambitions in the particular setting of late-Cold War Seoul. It is noticeable to indicate that the balloon leaflet campaigns and the With-U music concerts established as two main activities of North Korean migrants. Identification of these unique factors helps to determine the perspective of North Korean migrants when it comes to the main idea of religious-political objectives.
Critical Analysis
Religious and ethnic diversity are interesting themes that are effectively explored by the author specifically in case of North Korean migrants. The entire content of the reading helps to figure out particular religious-political features that eventually play their role as the aspirations for the individuals who are ranked as North Korean refugee-migrants. It is worthy to understand there are many different and interrelated factors that play their role in the entire process of transformation of the migrants. At the first step, it is essential to overview the prospect of the city of Seoul who classified as the land which offers different aspects of diverse aspirations. The coalition of different ethnic and religious groups turn it as the process that becomes an ideal place for the newcomers concerning the idea of place-making.
Critical role of the evangelical Protestant Church is another major theme to understand the entire procedure of subjectification of the migrant entities and the performativity appeared in the form of their certain activities. Comprehensive understanding of this form of association helps to determine the religious-political aspirations of these individuals concerning the future. North Korean migrants recognized as the crucial part of the country as they are associated with the overall system of the country in the forms of housing, healthcare, education, etc. The theme of facilitation of these migrant individuals can also never be complete without the critical consideration of evangelical churches. These specific institutes at community level played a vital role to provide necessary adjustment foundations to North Korean refugee migrants.
The prominent cultural and spiritual blend impacts the approach of the future that is critically explored by the author through this particular reading. It is substantial to discover the idea of future-oriented culture-making specifically in the context of North Korean migrants in the area of Seoul. Cultural shifts reflect the approach of urban aspirations that connect all the population of the city. Proper observation of the entire historical background is also essential to keenly understand the entire perspective and make inferences about the main aspect of concern. The facet of conversion appeared in many different forms that established the ground for the transformation. It can better exemplify in case of migrants that is mainly appeared in case of their approach towards Christianity and cultural adaptations.
Exploration of religious-political aspirations of Seoul is important to deliver a better understanding of the entire transformational domain adopted by North Korean refugee migrants. Detailed focused on various and interrelated aspects appeared in the form of ideas, philosophies, public opinion is essential to observe the main aspirations set by the region. Economic development in the city is one major cause that enhances the practical implication and consideration of Christianity. The Churches of the city under the great influence of the significant Minjung theology. This form of doctrine provides basic grounds of faith that are closely associated with the entire functioning of the social setup. Evangelical churches are also the outcome of the particular ideological approach of Minjung. The growing trend of intense churches in the city establishes the situation of intimate association between religious institutes and political authority. This sort of transformation in society also impact the ideological perspective of the North Korean migrants. The growing conversion reflects in the form of Christianity that influence the perspectives of migrants in case of various emotional and theological aspects.
Transformational factors play a critical role for the North Korean migrants to attract towards the process of conversion. The phase of adaptation associated with both forms of shared themes and different conflicting paradigms. Balloon leaflet campaign defined as the schism-generating activities that attained different absurd derivatives. Contradicting domains of politics and metropolis are also clearly examined in case of these particular activities. There is the alternative option of the drastic approach of renewal. With-U is one significant example to better understand the perspective of national reunification imitated and promoted by Christian organization. Unification and harmony are two distinct aspects of the alternative paradigm of the orthodox theme. Shared experiences and consideration of the welfare of the community are the basic objectives set by this certain ideology.
Question related to Reading
How the performative activity of With-U can address different aspects of diversity and the phenomenon of post-division citizenship outlines at a global level?
Subject: Education
Pages: 3 Words: 900
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Critical Analysis
Summary of the Article
The point of view that is being presented by many scholars is that how the missionaries that were working in the Anglo American had destroyed the concept of the shamanism in the way protestant monotheism. The other aspect is that of the Western rationalism and how the modern civilization specially during the modern Korea. The core aspect of this article is that how the process of the eventual power struggle that prevailed between the Christian Holy Spirit and the shamanistic rituals worked out. The idea that is propagated during the course of this article is that as the Christian missionaries started to work and how the ideologies and thought process of occult started to work in the given point of time. The article also talks about the fact that how the missionaries, specially the female ones started to exorcism and despite the fact that neither these concepts are talked about or propagated in Christianity.
The article raises a great point regarding the role of the missionaries. The usual perception is that the missionaries are the people that are supposed to prolongate the message of God, but that is not the case with the missionaries that are working in that area. That in general seems to have been the attitude of all the people who were working as a missionary. They had different set of assumptions with regards to how they are going to act at the given point of time and what are some of the major implications that they have in terms of the way they behave at the given point of time. These missionaries were working on their own agenda’s and one of the reasons that these people were not able to manifest the message of Christianity in the right manner. So, the role of the missionary is one of the prime reason that the occult and such practices were able to make way in the religion.
Critical Analysis
One of the key things that can be seen during the course of this article is that how the influence of other regions and how their practices seems to have reflected upon Christianity. What is quite evident here is that the basic Christian teachings did not dealt with the practice of exorcism and other such rituals, and instead when the religion transcended to other regions, then some of these practices started to make their presence happen. The problem that has happened with the Christianity is that it was not able to sustain its ideologies at the broader level. At the same time, the section that got affected the most by this prejudice was when the people from other religion attributed these wrong practices to the Catholic Church. In a way, it can be said that the primary reason that the protestants were able to detach from Christian orthodox teachings is since they propagated such point of view.
The major premises that can be deducted from here is that how the originality of the religion and the context under which it is supposed to work is needed to be worked out. The occultist practices and the sick rituals that are witnessed these days in the Christian literature are not something that were part of the original religion. This argument is further validated by the fact that how these practices are carried out predominantly in the Asian region and how they boiled down in the Christianity. Even though it might sound as something that is rather obvious, but if one looks at most of the religions that are operating in Asian and Korean region, the occultist ideology and thought process is one of the driving forces behind this concept.
Now, it is important to take note that the cultural sensibilities are always going to play an important part when it comes to the religious sensibilities. For instance, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity all the religions have spread at the much wider span as compared to their origination and in each of the case, it is crucial to keep in mind that at times, the cultural influence of the area in which the missionaries were operating became much more dominant as compared to the religious teachings of that faith. It is one of the prime reasons that so much distortion is witnessed if one compares to what was the actual message of God and what people are left with these days. The article seems to hit out at the distortion that has happened to the original religion and faith and what are some of the things that are needed to be done to make sure that the original ideology is restored.
Subject: Education
Pages: 3 Words: 900
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