Why Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band By The Beatles Should Be A Discussion Topic In Class

Why Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by the Beatles should be a discussion topic in class

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Why Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by the Beatles should be a discussion topic in class

Introduction

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was a series of songs released by an English rock band The Beatles in 1967. It is according to Daniel Kreps Britain's all-time favourite song. The Beatles band was formed in 1960 and it became a famous British band across the continent. Jennifer Van Evra notes that it was Paul McCartney’s idea to produce a song involving Edwardian military band, and it worked. This album enjoyed equal fame both in England and in America. Professor Kevin J Dettmar writes in Oxford Encyclopedia Of British Literature that it is “the most important and influential rock and roll album ever recorded”. Many critics like Richard Goldstein hated it initially, but when they noticed its position among masses, they started to listen to it and found them in its love. Moreover, this album was a comprehensive collection of mimicry on almost all the recent historical development. Every song was motivated by and based upon a story. It revolutionized the art in the sense that all the traditional soft and calm music was being considered outdated and the masses shifted from all the classical music to rock music. It was a type of catharses for the people who were attempting to start their lives after the two long great wars. It influenced the American music and Jazz music of America surpassed all the previous music traditions like did the Beatles. This means that Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was more than the street music of teenagers. Such an important place among scholars and such a strong influence upon the millions of Europeans and Americans justify the claim that Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band should be discussed in class.

Body

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band revolutionized the English music forever. Richard Havers believes rightly that it was a "game-changer" in British music. They devoted such a large amount of time to music that was not a tradition among the musicians. For example, Havers notes that they spent around six months in the making of the Beatles’ eighth studio album where “Strawberry Fields Forever” songs were produced. Spending 700 hours in the production of one album was also a quality of the Beatles and their supporting teams like the engineer Geoff Emerick, and George Martin. They renounced the tradition of producing serene music considering it dead and they attempted to produce music that could energize the public who were tired of the long World Wars. Moreover, the Beatles themselves were tired due to continuous live performances. They thought that they should introduce a new style of performance. They recorded the music for once and promoted it through catchy CD covers, TV ads, and short live performances. The public taste changed and people started watching music performances at their homes. The Beatles’ leading member Paul McCartney claimed in an interview that the Beatles know what and when the fans like a particular thing. They knew that people were fed up with the soldiers and generals who started two insane wars and slain millions of people with no rational reason. They created a band of Sergeant Pepper derived from a fictional idea and portrayed it spreading happiness in the streets of Europe with their colourful performance.

This album deserved to be discussed in class because it earned a position as a potential topic of discussion among its contemporary scholars and the research continued after that. Jennifer Van Evra quotes Richard Goldstein who wrote in the New York Times: "The sound is a pastiche of dissonance and lushness, the mood is mellow, even nostalgic. But, like the cover, the overall effect is busy, hip and cluttered”. The scholars acknowledged that this album brought the peoples of Europe closer and it helped to minimize the gaps between the masses. Langdon Winner, the writer of Rolling Stones noted that the album worked to unite the Western Civilization that was intertwined but gaps kept increasing after the Vienna conference of 1815. Winner wrote that this album altered the course of musical history and won a beyond the borders acknowledgment. Every radio station of America and Europe played this album, and Winner confessed that this was the most amazing thing he ever heard. One other New York Times writer and a known critic of that time is quoted by Mojo Staff who wrote that initially, he considered this album a terrible mess and mere banging of tasteless musicians, but when he roamed into the streets of America and observed the album's fame among the people of every age, he was obliged to confess that it was a great work by the Beatles which harmonized the music taste of the people of America and the whole Europe. Mojo Staff notes that McCartney said to him that they always got negative comments from the people who were observing the recording of the songs, but they never gave up. Staff notes that they were committed to their job and they did what seemed impossible in the start. They perhaps knew that they were going to change the trends, and they did that.

The Beatles produced the album which was unprecedented in having every song based upon a story instead of being a mere imagination of the writer. It was because the Beatles never relied upon writers to provide them content rather they produced the lyrics themselves. There was great coordination, cooperation, and the spirit of teamwork among the Beatles. Most of the songs were written by Paul McCartney, but they have a tradition of switching the leadership roles in the songs. Every member was supposed to lead a song. Leadership means he would write the lyrics, compose the symphony and sing the song being the main singer. Jordan Runtagh notes that when Ringo Starr got his turn to take the leadership role, he was unable to compose a song. Paul McCartney tried to write a song for him and he went to a remote area of England for this purpose. Unfortunately, he got injured there and could not write the lyrics. The recording deadline approached and they tried to write it in the studio with cooperation, but they failed again. One day was left in the recording and they did not know what to write and sing. Starr intended to retire to his bedroom when his partners started to convince him for writing the lyrics. A short quarrel happened and they started writing lines. Starr wrote what was being said during the quarrel and composed it. For example, Starr said what if I write nonsense lines, “Would you stand up and walk out on me?”. This line turned out to be a famous line of the song. Paul kept encouraging Starr until the song was completed. The lyrics of this song indicate the struggle of that era's human being who was fell in an uncertain and complex situation. The theme of the song is that everyone can be a victor if he/she has good and supportive friends around.

The students of the twenty-first century must discuss Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band and struggle behind it. The musicians should learn ways to produce a remarkable piece of music. The Beatles thought purely in the terms of art when they were producing this album. They tried to stretch the social and psychological issues of people into music. For example, they softened the image of soldiers through portraying handsome soldiers singing about love and compassion. They showed how to work as a team without having any kind of prejudice towards anyone. They proved that they were ahead of time and the trendsetters of society by transforming music performance from live performance to a recorded form. The students must discuss it and do a case study on the album to explore the layers of talent that the Beatles had in that era and to determine how we can purify the art from peripheral prejudices.

Conclusion

The Beatles’ album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band enjoyed remarkable fame in the history of music that it changed the taste of people. The people of Europe, America and other developed nations like admired the album and enjoyed it. The youth that was fed up with both war and idleness did not know how to release their energy in a pleasurable. The contemporary music of Europe was serene and lazy thus unattractive for the youth. It seemed that the world was feeling colourless after losing millions of humans in the two Great Wars. The Beatles released this album in 1967 with colourful videos and told the masses that there was still much to be happy about in this world. They showed that the soldiers can become the favourites of the masses if they lift music instruments instead of weapons. The youth started doing their catharsis by dancing on the Beatles' music and enjoying their realistic but beautiful poetry, unlike modern poetry that was haunted by pessimism and the fear of death. Many scholars acknowledged that the Beatles did remarkable work for society by releasing this album. People who had to go for concerts to listen to music and forget their worries for a while started buying the CDs of this album, and thus music of whole Europe and America entered a new era. The Beatles' contributions to art and society are worthy of being discussed in class and researched by scholars.

Bibliography

Havers, Richard. ‘How The Beatles’ ‘Sgt Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band’

Changed The Face Of Music’. uDiscoverMusic, Last modified 1 June 2019.

https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/rediscover-sgt-peppers-lonely-hearts-club

-band/

Evra, Jennifer V. “Sgt. Pepper at 50: 20 fascinating facts about the Beatles’

landmark album”.

CBC. Updated on June 1, 2017.

https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/blog/sgt-pepper-at-50-20-fascinating-facts-about-thebeatles-

landmark-album-1.4140829

Goldstein, Richard. “From the Archives: The Original Review of ‘Sgt. Pepper’s

Lonely Hearts Club

Band’”. The New York Times. Updated on June 1, 2017.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/arts/music/archives-beatles-sgt-peppers-lon

Ely-hearts-club-band-review.html

MOJO Staff. “Paul McCartney Sgt. Pepper Exclusive: “It Was A Risk!””.

Updated on April 20,

2017.

https://www.mojo4music.com/articles/25379/paul-mccartney-sgt-pepper-exclusive

Runtagh, Jordan. “The Beatles’ ‘Sgt. Pepper’: The Story Behind Every Song”.

The Rolling Stone.

Updated on June 1, 2017.

https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/the-beatles-sgt-pepper-the-storybehind-

every-song-195483/

Will Be Available On Oct28th. I Will Update You

Gun Control and 2nd Amendment

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The 2nd amendment was made for state defence. American independence in 1776, it fought Britain until 1783 to achieve independence, and Britain was still a threat to America at the beginning of its independence. Thus, America relies heavily on militias (soldiers) to defend the country. (Murray, 1975).

In the 19th century, the emergence of modern military and modern weapons made the idea of militias almost irrelevant. But in America, ordinary people still think they need guns to defend their liberty. One of the reasons is that they were exposed to the theory that there was a "conspiracy" to deprive the people of the right to own the people's weapons so that the dictatorship could easily control the people. They have declared a New World Order conspiracy against the Pope, the Freemasons, Jews, bankers, communists and everything else to take over America by "disarming" the American people. (Lund, 2007).

What they are talking about is not understood. But most of all, they believe that these guns and guns can protect them from being abused by the government. That's why we can't ban civilians from possessing weapons. It's a matter of "liberty or death", don't joke around. Because the Democratic Party is most often associated with Jews and bankers, Democrats' economic policies are seen as "socialist", and coincidentally, Democratic politicians are most active in raising gun control issues. Democratic politicians are the main target of this conspiracy theory.

After a mass shooting incident at Sandy Hook Elementary School in December 2012 (which claimed the lives of 20 children under the age of 7), Obama once again raised the issue of gun control (Henigan, 2014). He was later stabbed by a socialist, a Freemason, a Jewish puppet who threatened the people's freedom, and even the government was accused of being the "mastermind" behind the Sandy Hook incident. Gun control laws are not approved.

References

Murray, D. R. (1975). Handguns, gun control laws and firearm violence. Social Problems, 23(1), 81-93.

Lund, N. (2007). The second amendment, political liberty, and the right to self-preservation. Ala.

L. Rev., 39, 103.

Henigan, D. A. (2011). Arms, Anarchy and the Second Amendment. Val. UL Rev., 26, 107.

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The Abuses of Mobile Phones

Introduction

Advancement in technology is a great success in the present age. It is one of the most wonderful inventions of modern science. A new communication system has been introduced to the world through this invention as it is very useful for communication and many other tasks. No doubt, mobile phones have brought a great revolution in the lives of people during the past few years. They can be used in many emergency situations to get timely help.

Along with beneficial uses, this invention also has some abuses that are very dangerous for an individual. The excessive use of mobile phone causes severe physical, mental, emotional, social, and psychological issues. An individual’s brain and hearing are affected badly. The foremost effect of excessive mobile use is poor eyesight, but another major effect is that the user feels lethargic all the time. Now days, as the access to mobile phones is cheap and easy, the youth is ruining its life, time, and career by using it excessively. Various mobile operators offer several packages i.e. the midnight packages on cheaper rates that provide opportunities to talk to others via calls or SMS, and use mobile internet. This hampers their sleep and consequently, they lose their health.

The night packages and several other packages are spoiling the lives of people. Teenagers of our society are spell-bounded by the use of these packages by talking with the opposite sex and getting engaged into illicit conversations and activities. People are getting into relationships without even seeing or knowing each other clearly. This relationship leads to having illicit conversations, sexting, or sending/receiving nudes through phones. Often they get cheated and this leads them to become psychologically weak. Stress, anxiety, sleep deficit, and depression are all caused by mobile abuse. Nomo phobia (No Mobile Phobia) is the name of a phobia that is a result of mobile phone addiction that occurs when a person feels anxiety at times of not having access to his mobile phone. It also decreases face to face interactions and causes depression in most people. Another psychological issue called Ringxiety is found in people today in which the individual keeps looking at the screen of phone to check whether he has missed any notification or alert.

Addiction to mobile phones has destroyed the social life of people. Though they are always online, uploading statuses, pictures, and socializing by making new friends, their actual social life is disturbed. They have no time for their families but for their mobile phones for example, a family of four people is sitting in the dining room having their meal. Instead of talking to each other, each of them is busy with his/her mobile phone.

Conclusion

The wireless connectivity and communication has been redefined by the invention of mobile phones in the world. The lives of people have become easy as everything is accessible in the palm of their hands. However, excess of everything is bad and it implies to the mobile phone addiction as well. The use of mobile phones should be controlled so that the mental, physical, social, psychological, and emotional lives of people are not ruined. Parents should supervise the use of mobile phones by their children and children should not be provided with mobile phones during teenage.

Questionnaire

Answer the questions.

Should teenagers be provided with personal mobile phones?

YesNoUncertain

Do you think the effects of mobile phones are more negative and less positive?

YesNoUncertain

Do you think that you are not spending quality time with your family due to excessive mobile use?

YesNoUncertain

Do you use night packages?

YesNoUncertain

Are you in favor of being introduced to strangers through mobile phones?

YesNoUncertain

Do you think teenagers are getting away from their goals, culture, norms, values, and religion due to the excessive use of mobiles?

YesNoUncertain

How much time do you spend on your mobile phone on average in a day?

4 hours10 hoursMore than 10 hours

What is the primary purpose of your internet use on mobile phone?

To read newsSMS/CallsTo use online applications

Do you feel anxiety if you run out of credit, battery or become phoneless?

YesNoUncertain

If you would not be allowed to use cellphone, how would you feel?

Depressed and complexSatisfiedFull of anxiety and stress

Wind Energy

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Wind energy pros and cons

Wind has been one of the most energy-intensive sources of energy for the production of electricity in recent years, and the interest in wind energy is growing, due to the fact that the oil, as well, has become more expensive and expensive. There are various ways to exploit the wind, and wind turbines are one way, as well as the wind itself to utilize the wind for energy production. The design of a single wind turbine is very simple. In short, it can be said that the wind is able to measure the wind, some of which are installed to one generator, which produces electricity.

Advantages

The windmill occupies a point position and does not require any territory for functioning complete safety for the environment. The wind generator only receives energy without giving anything in return, therefore it cannot make any changes to the ecology. no need for any fuel; all system operation is completely autonomous. High maintainability of wind turbines, especially in comparison with hydroelectric power stations. energy costs are stable and predictable. minimal energy loss during transmission, the ability to install wind turbines near consumers.

Disadvantages

Environmentalists make many claims to wind energy. These are noise, infrasound vibrations and vibrations created by the operation of the blades, which negatively affect people, equipment and animals. Windmills do not just violate the usual, cute-looking landscapes, huge rotating blades affect the human psyche. In the area of wind farms animals and birds cease to settle. There are risks associated with the separation of the blades and other accidents at large wind farms. In addition, when many wind generators operate over large areas, a local decrease in strength and a change in the configuration of the winds are possible. An additional problem is the need to dispose of blades that have exhausted their resources.

Constant noise and whistling appears in the settlements closest to the installation site of the wind farm - this is one of the most common myths about wind energy. In fact, wind farms do not make much noise - the sound pollution produced by the blades and wind turbine equipment is much lower than that which a person is exposed to in urban conditions. As for the development of large-scale wind energy, it is hindered primarily due to the high metal intensity, the complexity of wind turbine designs, the need for large areas, low productivity and insufficient stability. In addition, such incentives for the development of wind energy as the depletion of hydrocarbon reserves and anthropogenic climate warming may be at risk. There is a lot of evidence that hydrocarbon reserves are large, and the role of humans in global climate change, and indeed climate change itself, are controversial issues.

How it works ?

According to experts, in Europe over the next 10 years, the amount of wind energy generated will increase by 140 GW. Wind, as an inexhaustible source of clean energy, is increasingly used. However, along with the indisputable advantages, wind energy has its drawbacks (Snyder, Brian, and Mark 1567). According to some studies, the deployment of wind energy to at least 33 percent of the current level of global power generation will lead to worse consequences for the climate than doubling the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere (Blanco1372). Meanwhile, according to modern scientific ideas, doubling the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere will inevitably cause truly catastrophic climate changes and the mass extinction of species.

Amount of energy production

Wind farms are clearly lagging behind nuclear power plants and hydroelectric power plants in terms of installed capacity utilization. If for nuclear power plants it is 84%, for hydroelectric power stations - 42%, then for wind farms - only 20%, which is due to the nature of the energy source itself: the wind does not always blow with sufficient force (Boyle456) . That is, wind farms are 2–4 times less productive than traditional types of power plants, and to get the same amount of electricity, they need to be built 2–4 times more. These are additional areas and materials, which means greater environmental damage (whatever it may be) in terms of kilowatt of electricity generated (Stehly, Tyler J., et al..27)

All forms of energy production have an impact on the environment, on people and animals living near power plants. But the influence of wind energy is one of the lowest of the existing ones. Some of the fears described above contain some truth, but wind energy is a young technology that is developing rapidly and is constantly becoming more efficient and safer.

Works cited

Blanco, María Isabel. "The economics of wind energy." Renewable and sustainable energy

reviews 13.6-7 (2009): 1372-1382.

Boyle, Godfrey. "Renewable energy." Renewable Energy, by Edited by Godfrey Boyle, pp. 456.

Oxford University Press, May 2004. ISBN-10: 0199261784. ISBN-13: 9780199261789 (2004): 456.

Stehly, Tyler J., et al. 2017 Cost of Wind Energy Review. No. NREL/TP-6A20-72167. National

Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2018.27

Snyder, Brian, and Mark J. Kaiser. "Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore

wind energy." Renewable Energy 34.6 (2009): 1567-1578.

Wind Power

The benefits of wind power(with supportive data)

Wind power reduces CO2 emissions from power generation by displacing fossil fuel electricity from the market. Wind is a renewable and emission-free energy that is used almost unlimitedly. According to LUT research, an onshore wind farm is the most economical way to generate electricity. The environmental impact of wind power can be significantly reduced by appropriate location of wind power plants (Xie & Billinton,2011).Almost 80% of the raw materials used in the wind farm can be recycled. Significantly more wind power can be built without the need for additional control force. A wind farm generates more energy in 3 to 9 months than it takes to manufacture, transport, erect and dismantle it (European Wind Energy Association, 2017).The main objective of supporting renewable energies is to encourage technological development and lower costs for environmental technologies. The aim is to achieve a price level for wind power that is ultimately competitive on the electricity market without subsidies.

Arguments against wind energy (with supportive data)

Wind turbines need regulating power: they can only produce electricity at the right wind speed, so we need other sources of power in addition to wind power. Wind power's own carbon dioxide emissions are approximately 10 g / kWh and are mainly due to emissions from the construction, assembly, transportation and maintenance of wind power (Charron, 2005). Like all energy production, wind power has negative environmental effects. These include e.g. environmental, visual and acoustic hazards. The wind power support system has come at a cost. The construction of a wind installation requires material costs. In some cases, regional investments are attracted, which is not always easy to provide. It is the starting stage, the construction of the project itself is a very expensive event. The infrastructure mentioned above is an important part of the project, which also costs money.

I will support wind energy in my community because secure environment is more important than the cost of wind energy. There are some hazards associated with this energy type but the rapidly increasing need for energy and the simultaneous need to slow down global warming are a challenge that we must meet. Renewable energy sources, such as wind power, play an important role in meeting this challenge.

References

Charron, M. (2005). Turbulent Energy: The Pros and Cons of Wind Power. Parliamentary

Information and Research Service.

European Wind Energy Association. (2017). The economics of wind energy. EWEA.

Xie, K., & Billinton, R. (2011). Energy and reliability benefits of wind energy conversion

systems. Renewable Energy, 36(7), 1983-1988.

Which are the benefits of wind energy? (2018). Retrieved from

https://www.acciona.com/renewable-energy/wind-power/.

Windows Networking Project

Windows Networking Project

Name Here

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Abstract

Networking is the most praised feature of any operating system. No modern operating system and computing environment are imaginable without networking capabilities. Windows is the most popular operating system in the world and it present end users with all the essential features of networking. The report describes the networking feature present in modern Windows operating systems such as Windows 7 and Windows server.

Contents

TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction: PAGEREF _Toc1824544 \h 4

Discussion: PAGEREF _Toc1824545 \h 4

Libraries: PAGEREF _Toc1824546 \h 4

Network and Sharing: PAGEREF _Toc1824547 \h 5

Available Networks: PAGEREF _Toc1824548 \h 6

Network speed and feature enhancements: PAGEREF _Toc1824549 \h 7

Branch cache: PAGEREF _Toc1824550 \h 8

Hosted branch cache: PAGEREF _Toc1824551 \h 8

Distributed branch cache: PAGEREF _Toc1824552 \h 8

Virtualization: PAGEREF _Toc1824553 \h 9

Fixing network problems: PAGEREF _Toc1824554 \h 9

Quality of service enhancements: PAGEREF _Toc1824555 \h 10

Direct access to the corporate network: PAGEREF _Toc1824556 \h 11

Home group: PAGEREF _Toc1824557 \h 11

Windows connect: PAGEREF _Toc1824558 \h 12

IP and DNS configuration: PAGEREF _Toc1824559 \h 13

Conclusion: PAGEREF _Toc1824560 \h 14

Introduction:

Networking plays an essential role in modern computing. Networking has revolutionized computing since its invention. A network is defined as a setup of two or more computers capable of sharing data with each other. Modern networks are not only capable of sharing the data but computing resources as well. A simple example of the network can be a shared printer in a classroom. Each computer may be connected to the same printer taking the turn for their printing jobs. Modern networks can share processing power and storage capacities as well. All these networking features are configured and powered by the operating system installed on the machine ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"gnoI8VwK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[1]","plainCitation":"[1]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":41,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/666X2LY8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/666X2LY8"],"itemData":{"id":41,"type":"article-journal","title":"A deep learning based DDoS detection system in software-defined networking (SDN)","container-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.07400","author":[{"family":"Niyaz","given":"Quamar"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Weiqing"},{"family":"Javaid","given":"Ahmad Y."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [1]. The most popular operating system for desktop computers in the world is Windows operating system. Technology giant Microsoft, the developer of the Windows operating system provides two editions of the popular operating system. One is for client-side desktops and the other one for server-side computers known as Windows Server. The report provides a description of the available networking feature of the Windows 7 for client-side networking and Windows server for server-side networking.

Discussion:

Libraries:

As the basic purpose of any networking environment is to share data between multiple computers. The Internet is also a huge network of billions of smaller networks. One important feature of Windows 7 is known as libraries. This feature allows the users to share the data from multiple sources into a single folder. It can also be considered as a virtual folder. Previous versions of the operating system did not have the feature. Therefore, they contain several folders in the home directory of the user named documents, music, and photos. But with the inclusion of networked library feature in Windows 7 and Windows server all of the folders in the home directory of the users are renamed with the prefix personal. Such as personal documents, personal photos, etc. These prefixes are added to make a distinction between local files and networked files. Shared folders such as a folder of documents shared on the network will have a prefix of the public such as public documents. The feature can be accessed as start>libraries. The following figure shows the steps as well.

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Figure 1: libraries ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qU9NTCo4","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[1]","plainCitation":"[1]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":41,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/666X2LY8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/666X2LY8"],"itemData":{"id":41,"type":"article-journal","title":"A deep learning based DDoS detection system in software-defined networking (SDN)","container-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.07400","author":[{"family":"Niyaz","given":"Quamar"},{"family":"Sun","given":"Weiqing"},{"family":"Javaid","given":"Ahmad Y."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [1]

Network and Sharing:

Viewing networks active on a single computer was a difficult task in previous versions of the Windows. But with the release of Windows 7 and Windows server Microsoft has added an easy to navigate network and sharing center that allows novice users and network administrators to view which of the networks are currently active on a particular endpoint. It also provides a configuration option for the new network connection as well or to make a connection to an existing network. The following figure shows the Windows network and sharing center ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"tz4Xr0IR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[2]","plainCitation":"[2]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":42,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/YPBN2U2L"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/YPBN2U2L"],"itemData":{"id":42,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Facilitating consumption of online social networking services on mobile devices","container-title":"Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Ubiquitous computing","publisher":"ACM","page":"511-514","ISBN":"1-4503-0630-6","author":[{"family":"Cui","given":"Yanqing"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [2]. The feature can be accessed by start > control panel > network and internet > network and sharing 276225166687500center.

Figure 2: Networking and Sharing center ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hAL7okcL","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[2]","plainCitation":"[2]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":42,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/YPBN2U2L"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/YPBN2U2L"],"itemData":{"id":42,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Facilitating consumption of online social networking services on mobile devices","container-title":"Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Ubiquitous computing","publisher":"ACM","page":"511-514","ISBN":"1-4503-0630-6","author":[{"family":"Cui","given":"Yanqing"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [2]

Available Networks:

Connecting to wireless networks was a difficult task in previous versions of the operating system. But modern versions do not require navigation through the control panel. The feature allows a bird's eye view of the available wireless networks ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"rWabfMxo","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[3]","plainCitation":"[3]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":43,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/6EGGRYKW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/6EGGRYKW"],"itemData":{"id":43,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Visual learning tools for teaching/learning computer networks: Cisco networking academy and packet tracer","container-title":"2010 Sixth International Conference on Networking and Services","publisher":"IEEE","page":"351-355","ISBN":"1-4244-5928-1","author":[{"family":"Janitor","given":"Jozef"},{"family":"Jakab","given":"František"},{"family":"Kniewald","given":"Karol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [3]. The user can choose which network is to be connected and then providing authentication credentials the network will be connected. The feature can be accessed as a taskbar > networking icon. The following figure provides an overview of the 182880060007500feature.

Figure 3: VAN ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iefWewfX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[3]","plainCitation":"[3]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":43,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/6EGGRYKW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/6EGGRYKW"],"itemData":{"id":43,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Visual learning tools for teaching/learning computer networks: Cisco networking academy and packet tracer","container-title":"2010 Sixth International Conference on Networking and Services","publisher":"IEEE","page":"351-355","ISBN":"1-4244-5928-1","author":[{"family":"Janitor","given":"Jozef"},{"family":"Jakab","given":"František"},{"family":"Kniewald","given":"Karol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [3]

Network speed and feature enhancements:

Network administrators required to update the policies and install software updates on networked computers. They will not be able to install updates across the network if all the clients or endpoints connected to the network are not online. As with the modern architecture of the buildings, it is not all the time feasible to make wired connections. With previous versions of the operating system wired networks provide the capability of remote wake up but modern wireless networks were lacking the feature. Finally, the feature is available with Windows 7 and Windows Server that an administrator can wake up the computers even wirelessly connected to the network. The feature is known as the wake on local area network for wireless.

Branch cache:

Branch cache can be considered as the revolutionary feature that is added to the latest version of the operating system. Branch cache is a useful feature for information technology and network administrators in large-scale organizations. Branch cache comes into play when remote network users of the organization access the networked content remotely hosted on Windows 2008 R2 Server which is located in the head office of the organization; the file is cached in branch cache. For the second time when a user on remote shares having Windows 7 will access the file, the seek time will be much faster because the file will be present in the branch cache.

Hosted branch cache:

Branch cache can operate in two modes. The first mode of the branch cache is known as the hosted mode. In hosted mode, the caching server is a Windows server machine located at the head office of the organization. Once the file is accessed by any Windows 7 client remotely, the cache of the file is saved in the central server accelerating the seek times in subsequent requests.

Distributed branch cache:

As compared to the hosted branch cache in distributed branch cache no central server machine is required to save the data of the accessed file. Instead, the data is stored in the branch network of the same branch. Subsequent requests for the same file by other Windows 7 clients are then fulfilled immediately without traversing the path to the central office of the organization. While serving the file to any of the clients the cache complies with all of the organization policies. It is assured that the latest version of the file is served to the client whenever requested.

Virtualization:

Windows 7 provides improved virtualization features. It provides a virtualized desktop interface as well in addition to the multiple users on the same Windows machine. When the users are on virtualized thin clients connected to the Hyper-V server, there will be no difference in user experience as well. With previous versions of the operating system, there were a lot of limitations to the number of features available to thin clients or the virtualized machine users. Users are now able to experience windows aero desktop as well. Graphics will not be degraded as well. Virtualization enables the users to enjoy the full multimedia experience along with the standard display with aero capabilities. It is now possible for information technology administrators to deploy images on virtual clients as well. Peripheral devices connected to the actual machine are now better synchronized with the virtual machines. A printer connected to the host machine can be used for printing jobs without even installing the driver software on virtual machines. The feature is known as easy print.

Fixing network problems:

Developers of the operating system are committed to providing a more user-friendly experience to desktop users. The simple diagnostic feature of the previous versions of the operating system is replaced with a comprehensive troubleshooting feature. Connectivity issues are the most troublesome problems of any operating system. Most of the users are not aware of networking basics. Therefore, troubleshooting network issues can be time-consuming ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"YYFAgNV1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[4]","plainCitation":"[4]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":44,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/5QI5HW5I"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/5QI5HW5I"],"itemData":{"id":44,"type":"paper-conference","title":"DTNperf_2: a Performance Evaluation tool for Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking","container-title":"2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops","publisher":"IEEE","page":"1-6","ISBN":"1-4244-3942-6","author":[{"family":"Caini","given":"Carlo"},{"family":"Cornice","given":"Piero"},{"family":"Firrincieli","given":"Rosario"},{"family":"Livini","given":"Marco"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [4]. But the feature provides automated repair of common networking problems including but not limited to the driver and adapter related issues. The feature can be accessed as start > control panel > troubleshooting > network and internet. The following figure provides an overview of the feature.

1628775-4762500

Figure 4: Network troubleshooting ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"y5RWqOkU","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[4]","plainCitation":"[4]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":44,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/5QI5HW5I"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/5QI5HW5I"],"itemData":{"id":44,"type":"paper-conference","title":"DTNperf_2: a Performance Evaluation tool for Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking","container-title":"2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops","publisher":"IEEE","page":"1-6","ISBN":"1-4244-3942-6","author":[{"family":"Caini","given":"Carlo"},{"family":"Cornice","given":"Piero"},{"family":"Firrincieli","given":"Rosario"},{"family":"Livini","given":"Marco"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [4]

Once launched the wizard will search for possible errors to network connections and then apply the possible repairs automatically.

Quality of service enhancements:

Quality of service enhancements are the features not visible to end users. They are mostly concerned with the network and system administrators of the organizations. End users only experience the difference when the service is not running because the service is aimed at providing the framework enhancement to the mission-critical application for enterprise networks. Many finance-related applications used by the large organizations need to connect to the web contact hosted on legacy servers which is not optimized by the normal network settings. Quality of service enhancements provides network administrators to prioritize network access for mission-critical applications to ensure business continuity.

Direct access to the corporate network:

Corporate environments are nowadays surrounded by a plethora of mobile devices. Unlike traditional networks, modern environments do not only contain legacy systems. Most of the organizations even rely on bring your own device policy. Although mobile computing has provided organizations and potential workers with unmatched flexibilities but at the same time management issues has been increased exponentially for network administrators. Most of the mobile devices such as laptops and other handheld devices of employees are configured to access the enterprise network using a virtual private network. Setting a virtual private network on mobile devices is not an easy task. It requires a strong command on networking principles.

However, beginning with the windows 7 and windows server, direct access the corporate network has been enabled for mobile devices as well. Now, no configuration of virtual private networks is required to access the internal networks of the organization. Information technology professionals and network administrators can schedule software updates for mobile devices. Whenever the devices are connected to the mobile network, the updates will be installed seamlessly without requiring manual configuration for any virtual private network.

Homegroup:

The capability of forming a home group of networked devices is another amazing networking feature of the modern operating systems such as Windows 7 and Windows server. The home group provides an easy way to group and interconnect home computer to make them capable of sharing files and printers. Home group is configured using a single password to group all of the computers; that is why the wizard eliminates the low level details from the users ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"yvwr2rI7","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[5]","plainCitation":"[5]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":45,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/6RR9FE4Q"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/6RR9FE4Q"],"itemData":{"id":45,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Hybrid intelligence for semantics-enhanced networking operations","container-title":"The Twenty-Seventh International Flairs Conference","author":[{"family":"Mokhtar","given":"Bassem"},{"family":"Eltoweissy","given":"Mohamed"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [5]. The process of creating and configuring is streamlined by the wizard. The feature can be accessed as start > control panel > network and internet > home group Following figure provides an overview of the 38100070485000feature.

Figure 5: Home group ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"p9rKheAY","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[5]","plainCitation":"[5]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":45,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/6RR9FE4Q"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/6RR9FE4Q"],"itemData":{"id":45,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Hybrid intelligence for semantics-enhanced networking operations","container-title":"The Twenty-Seventh International Flairs Conference","author":[{"family":"Mokhtar","given":"Bassem"},{"family":"Eltoweissy","given":"Mohamed"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [5]

Once the user initiates the wizard to create a home group, only basic configurations are to be made by the users. All of the backend details will be configured by the operating system. The administrator or the user has to select the type of files that home group computers are expected to share mutually.

Windows connect:

As the modern operating systems are providing more and more flexibility of configuration to network administrators, Windows 7 and Windows Server R2 2008 also come with a new feature known as Windows connect. It allows the users of windows 7 computer to configure another windows 7 computer connected to a wireless fidelity network router certified for Windows 7. It provides remote management of Windows 7 computer a handy process. The only drawback to the feature is that it can work with the wireless fidelity network routers certified by the tech giant Microsoft, for the Windows 7 operating system.

IP and DNS configuration:

Every device connected to the internet must have an internet protocol (IP) address. An IP address is used to identify the devices on the network. Each device having a separate IP address is necessary to identify the devices individually. While DHCP is there on wireless networks, the IP addresses are automatically assigned to connected devices. These are known as dynamic assignments of IP addresses. However, in corporate environments system, administrators may have to assign static IP addresses to all of the devices such as desktop computers.

With previous versions of the operating system, it was a difficult task to manually configure a device to use a static address. Static addresses were changed using command line networking tools. It was not an automated task since the release of Windows 7. Windows 7 along with many improvements to the networking section of the operating system provides an innovative and easy to configure way of changing the IP address of any Windows 7 computer ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"YpUDq062","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[6]","plainCitation":"[6]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":46,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/VRH8UMA9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aGd3npCw/items/VRH8UMA9"],"itemData":{"id":46,"type":"book","title":"The social factor: Innovate, ignite, and win through mass collaboration and social networking","publisher":"Pearson Education","ISBN":"0-13-704302-3","author":[{"family":"Azua","given":"Maria"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} [6]. The feature is present in the properties of an active network connection on the Windows 7 machine. The feature can be accessed as start > network and internet > network and sharing center > active internet connection > properties > IPv4 configuration

The window opened by following the above-mentioned path will present the user with the option to change both IP version 4 and IP version 6 address. Users can manually enter the IP address and subnet mask of the network they want to connect with. The same window present the option to change the domain name resolution service address as well. Usually, domain name resolution service is provided by the internet service provider. However, some network administrators may need to change the address in an attempt to quickly resolve domain name resolution queries. Domain name resolution service translates web links into their corresponding IP addresses. Time taken to resolve a name affects the quality of service being offered by the enterprise network. Windows 7 has made it possible to change these settings without having prior knowledge of networking.

Conclusion:

Networking is an important aspect of modern-day computing. There may be no use of immense computing power without networking capabilities. Web services and storage networks have revolutionized many business processes as well. Modern operating systems provide many amazing Networking features as described in the report. These features will be further improved in the future to provide better networking experience to users and organizations.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY [1]Q. Niyaz, W. Sun, and A. Y. Javaid, “A deep learning based DDoS detection system in software-defined networking (SDN),” ArXiv Prepr. ArXiv161107400, 2016.

[2]Y. Cui, “Facilitating consumption of online social networking services on mobile devices,” in Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Ubiquitous computing, 2011, pp. 511–514.

[3]J. Janitor, F. Jakab, and K. Kniewald, “Visual learning tools for teaching/learning computer networks: Cisco networking academy and packet tracer,” in 2010 Sixth International Conference on Networking and Services, 2010, pp. 351–355.

[4]C. Caini, P. Cornice, R. Firrincieli, and M. Livini, “DTNperf_2: a Performance Evaluation tool for Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking,” in 2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops, 2009, pp. 1–6.

[5]B. Mokhtar and M. Eltoweissy, “Hybrid intelligence for semantics-enhanced networking operations,” in The Twenty-Seventh International Flairs Conference, 2014.

[6]M. Azua, The social factor: Innovate, ignite, and win through mass collaboration and social networking. Pearson Education, 2009.

Wine And Beverage Management

Wine And Beverage Management

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Wine And Beverage Management

Part 1

Barossa Valley (South Australia)

South Australia is a region in the state of Australia which is mainly known for the production of wine. It is considered as the most contributive region out of all wine-producing regions in the state of Australia. The region contributes almost 50% to the annual production of wine of the entire wine industry.The region of Barossa valley, specifically ensures even more than half of the production of the region (Grant et.al, 2015). The region is a competitive wine sector in the wine industry of Australia. It is also known as the home of wine production in South Australia and entire Australia as it is the oldest, historic and most famous region.

There are several restrictions which were introduced for the purpose to save the vines of Barossa Valley and the region from phylloxera to make sure that the status of grape growing has been kept by the state. The region of Barossa Valley is a diverse region comparatively from a warm climate temperature maritime precincts as well as a hot and a cooler climate such as Adelaide Hills and Region of Riverland on the Murray River (Overton, Murray, & Howson, 2019).

Veneto

Veneto is a northeastern Italian region which is located in the northeast of Italy. The cooler conditions of the area is well suited for the production of wine as well as to the white varietals like Garganega which is the main grape in the Soave wines.

The region is one of the most wine-producing regions in the country and is highly known for the production of Sparkling Prosecco wine. This wine is produced in the region of Valdobbiadene and is mainly famous for the substitute of most of the other expensive wines. The cool climate of the region helps to grow and produce some fresh and crisp white wines. Beyond that, many red wines are also produced in the areas closer to the region of Veneto.

The main players of the global wine industry and main producers of wine (Italy, Spain, France, and the US) has shown a decline in the production of wine one of the smaller region of the world (Australia) witnessed the production of 5.5% of the world’s wine production. The state was ranked as 5th in the world in 2017 (World Comparisons – Winetitles, 2019). In terms of higher production and export of wine, Italy is the largest wine producer and exporter to international markets and countries.

Part 2

History and the Development of Wine & Other Beverages

Barossa Valley

Barossa is one of the most credible and high-quality wine-producing regions in the state of Australia. If someone is interested to study and analyze the wine industry and production in Australia, then it is recommended for him to get involved in the historical study of Barossa valley. There are 6 grape growing families in the wine region of Barossa. They are the custodian to the collection of old vines of Australia since 1840-1841.

Different varieties of the region such as Shiraz, Mataro, and Grenache are joined in recent years. This has been done for the development and production of wine in the region. Despite this, some actions are usually taken for maintaining the required climate and soils suited for better production and even the development of wine in the region (Powell, 2019).

The very early focus of the region was on the production of Riesling, which is a German wine grape. Port-style wines are considered as the centre of the Barossa Valley for several decades. The region was and is considered as the superior wine region when compared to other regions especially to the regions with cooler climate because of the development and production it delivers. The Shiraz was considered as a valuable wine product of the region in the wine market while it was, and still popular in the worldwide market place. The climate of the region is much cooler and that is the actual reason because of that a quality wine is produced by the region compared to other regions of the state. Further, the region and its reputation began to change in the 20th century as the number of varieties started getting valued due to the unique quality and style on the international level. In short, the wine region of Barossa Valley became an essential and highly valued wine region of Australia.

Veneto

The Veneto is one of the oldest homes of winemaking region in Italy. It is also a known region for the production of quality and tasty wine in the world. The 3,000 years of experience in the winemaking made the region is a spectacular region for wine production. Before the Roman Empire, there were very few people living in villages and small cities while the wine produced in the region was simply consumed by the people live in the region. The winemaking was not a livelihood for the people but it had become a hobby of them. The Romans were the people who changed the view and dedicated/gave a huge amount of land for the grapevines. The Roman Empire also began to settle the region and made it known as Verona and Venice (World Comparisons – Winetitles, 2019). With the time, the winemaking and production of vine grape got enhancement with a huge pace.

After the time, the area/region has been reflected as one of the most productive regions of Italy that produces wine of good quality, taste, and style than a number of other regions of the country. Hence, in short, the Veneto became the home of winemaking to the very first Italian school for the production of the vine in the year of 1885 while the most crucial and important wine fair of the nation took place for the first time. Hence, it became the very first wine tourism road which features special signs that provide information on vines and the wines they produce until today (Garden, Fun, & Regions, 2009).

Part 3

Production of Different Styles of Wine in Barossa Valley and Veneto

The process through which different styles of wine are produced in both of the above-mentioned regions is similar to a very high extent. First of all, in both of the regions, grapes are grown almost by the same process of production and growing techniques while in harvesting, the manual and merchandise harvesting is used to harvest the grapes in both regions. In short, the entire process of producing different (mostly common) styles of wines are produced involves the following steps.

Picking the Grapes

In both regions, the vineyards start with the white grapes and then shift to red varietals. In this, the grapes are picked and collected in the lug and then proceeded or transferred to the crushing pad. This is the stage where the actual process of turning grapes into juice and then to wine get started.

In this, the grapes are cut or removed by the machines while the grapes are collected from the plants in both day and night as per the climate (Varsei, & Polyakovskiy, 2017). This is done for ensuring maximum quality and taste level.

Crushing the Grapes

This is the step in which grapes are crushed into juice. In this process of producing wine, the de-stemmer (a piece of winemaking machinery) is used to remove items from the clusters and such grapes very slightly.

After the grapes get crushed by the de-stemmer, the white grapes are shifted into the press for extracting the juice and then racked before the process of fermentation. While on the other side, red grapes are also crushed similarly but the difference is that red grapes directly go for the fermentation process as per the colour of its skin.

Fermentation

Several technologies and techniques are used in both regions to accompany different types of grapes, but this process mainly involves;

The yeast has been added to the vats so that fermentation takes place. The carbon dioxide is released where the cap is punched down or pump over for keeping the skin of grape in contact with the juice while the red grapes are pressed directly after completion of fermentation (Blandford, 2019).

Aging Wine

This is the most critical step in the production of wine. In this process, the choice has been made as per the flavour and production of different types and styles of wines. Here aging is done for different timings, different tastes, and different styles, so that the desired types of wine is produced accordingly (Karlsson, 2019).

Bottling the Wines

After the wine reaches the full expression in aging then the wine is bottled for final consumption. Here some wines are ready for use after several months where dry reds need 20 to 14 months aging time before the final bottling.

In terms of impact, the main things that even impact wine’s quality everywhere and the same happens in the region of Barossa Valley and Veneto. Hence those factors are;

Changes in climate

Grapes ripeness level

Cold soaking

Temperature of fermentation

Aging containers and their types

Capping techniques (Galbreath, Charles, & Oczkowski, 2016).

Part 4

Classifications and Legislative Requirements

The legislative requirements of related to wine production on the international level (means for both Barossa Valley and Veneto) are classified as Primary, Secondary, and Regional legislation. The legislation requirements include all of the law regulations for different aspects of the production of wine in the regions. These requirements include allowing the additives and processes of winemaking and viticulture. The legislative requirements also need winemakers to ensure legal production of wine such as fine allocation of healthy grapes, use of advanced machinery for crushing, enough aging, and bottling etc. (Garden, Fun, & Regions, 2009). In the new world wine, the legislation requirements include permitted grapes verities, and entire winemaking practices such as Italian DOC and Australian GIs need the producer to ensure everything regarding fine production of healthy wine (South Australia, 2019).

References

Varsei, M., & Polyakovskiy, S. (2017). Sustainable Supply Chain Network Design: A case of the wine industry in Australia. Omega, 66, 236-247.

Galbreath, J., Charles, D., & Oczkowski, E. (2016). The drivers of climate change innovations: evidence from the Australian wine industry. Journal of business ethics, 135(2), 217-231.

Overton, J., Murray, W. E., & Howson, K. (2019). Doing good by drinking wine? Ethical value networks and upscaling of wine production in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. European Planning Studies, 1-19.

Grant, B., Mounter, S., Fleming, E., Griffith, G., & Villano, R. (2015). The Australian wine industry at the crossroads: A comparison of performance across major wine-exporting countries in 2000. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies.

World Comparisons - Winetitles. (2019). Winetitles. Retrieved 22 October 2019, from https://winetitles.com.au/statistics-2/world-comparisons-2/

Karlsson, P. (2019). World wine production reaches a record level in 2018, consumption is stable | BKWine Magazine |. BKWine Magazine. Retrieved 22 October 2019, from https://www.bkwine.com/features/more/world-wine-production-reaches-record-level-2018-consumption-stable/

Blandford, M. (2019). What does the colour of wine tell you?. Good Food. Retrieved 22 October 2019, from https://www.goodfood.com.au/drinks/wine/what-does-the-colour-of-a-wine-tell-you-20190417-h1dl1j

Powell, H. (2019). How climate change is affecting the Australian wine industry. Good Food. Retrieved 22 October 2019, from https://www.goodfood.com.au/drinks/wine/how-climate-change-is-affecting-the-australian-wine-industry-20190415-h1dia0

South Australia. (2019). Wine Australia: South Australia Wineaustralia.com. Retrieved 22 October 2019, from https://www.wineaustralia.com/discover-australian-wine/south-australia-wines

Garden, H., Fun, F., & Regions, I. (2009). Ultimate Guide to the Veneto Wine Region. HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 22 October 2019, from https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/veneto-wine-region1.htm

Winecoff Hotel Fire

Winecoff Hotel Fire

Name

Affiliation

Date

Winecoff Hotel Fire

The Winecoff hotel fire is one of the deadliest incidents of hotel fire in the history of the United States of America. The fire incident took place in the year 1946 and took the lives of almost one hundred and nineteen people, which included the occupants, as well as the staff and owners of the hotel. The Winecoff hotel was advertised to be fireproof by the authorities of the hotel, as its architectural structure was based on the modern steel structure. In addition to it, the steel structure of the hotel was supported by concrete fireproofing and structural clay tile, which ensured the authorities about the strength and incombustible nature of its structure. Due to this, the hotel management and authorities did not bother to install the fire alarms and make proper arrangement to control and extinguish the fire, in case it erupts due to any sort of situation. The incident caused great concern to the general public, as well as to the other authorities of the society. The poor exit arrangements of the hotel, in addition to the combustible furniture and the lack of the availability of the fire alarms and sprinkler, may have played an important role in making the fire worst, resulting in the killing of more than hundred people.

Winecoff hotel was built, as well as opened in the year 1913, at 176 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta. The building consisted of fifteen floors and was among the tallest buildings in Atlanta, at that time. The structure of the whole hotel was made of steel. The third to the fifteenth floor of the hotel comprised of the guest rooms and there were fifteen rooms on each floor. The structure of the inner side of the hotel comprised of an H shaped hallway. The building of the hotel had only one staircase, which connected all the fifteen floors of the hotel and was the only stairway exit of the hotel. It was made of the non-combustible construction material; however, it was not supported by the fire resistant doors. The general construction practice during that time period was that the buildings consisting of multiple floors also used to have multiple stairways. On the other hand, the Winecoff hotel consisted of fifteen floors and was among the tallest buildings of Atlanta; however, it was built on an area of less than five thousand square feet, due to which it got the permission by the Atlanta Building Code of 1911, to include a single stairway in its structure. The concrete fireproofing as well as clay tile structuring were among the features which made the constructors and authorities believe the fact that hotel was fireproof, the thing which was not only highlighted through the advertisements but was also mentioned on the stationery of the hotel. The constructors of the hotel had also ensured to make the interior structure of the hotel as fireproof. They covered the wall between the guest rooms and the corridors with clay tiles, as well as wit plasters. The doors of the room were made of wood and consisted of the slideable transom panel. There was a little space between the doors, for the sake of ventilation. The rooms were also furnished with multiple layers of wallpapers. The fire alarm system of the hotel was managed manually from the front desk of the hotel and there were water hose racks on each and every floor of the hotel building. Most of the multiple floor buildings had the automatic water sprinkler system, which was also absent in the Winecoff Hotel. Apart from the internal and external structure of the hotel building, the building was located in the closed premises of Atlanta Fire Rescue Department; moreover, two ladder companies were also located in the closed premises of the hotel building, still the fire caused the greatest number of causalities, in the history of the hotel fire incidents (Heys, & Goodwin, 1993).

The incident of fire broke in the early morning of 7 December in the year 1946 at around 3. 15 a.m. The original cause of the fire could not be found, however, it was thought that it started from the third floor of the hotel building and gradually spared to the upper as well as lower floors of the building. The firefighters were of the view that a mattress, as well as a wooden chair presents in a corner of the third floor of the building, had caught the fire and spread it to the other floors of the building. The bell boy of the hotel had gone to the fifth floor of the building, in order to respond to the call service of the guest staying in one of the rooms on that floor. He identified the fire due to the smoke present in the hallways. He alerted the authorities of the hotel; however, the fire started spreading at a faster pace. The single stairway of the hotel building was blocked due to smoke and caught more fire as it was not protected by the use of the fire resistant doors. The two elevators of the hotel building also became inefficient, as the fire had spread to all the other floors of the buildings. On the other hand, the uppermost floors of the hotel building were filled with smoke, even if the fire had not reached there (McKay, 2011).

The fire extinguishing department which was only seconds away from the hotel building was not informed till the first thirty, most crucial minutes of the outbreak of fire and they reached at the time when the fire had become enormous and hard to control. In addition to it, the guests of the hotel had started climbing off the windows of their hotel rooms, in order to escape the fire, which proved to be the greatest obstacle for the firefighters, as they had to stop their movement, in order to ensure that they do not hit the people climbing off. Still, the people were not able to save their lives by jumping off the windows of the hotel building. Some of the people used the ladders made out of the bed covers, in order to safely reach the surface of the earth through the windows. Some of them succeeded, while others had to face the worst circumstances. The structure of the building which only had one stairway also ceased the exit of the guests, as well as hindered the entrance of the firefighters, who could not get access to the upper floors of the building. The fire was extinguished after six hours of its eruption. One hundred and nineteen people were killed in the deadly fire and most of the guest in the hotel died during their sleep. In addition to it, more than sixty-five people received serious injuries during one of the worst incidents of history (McElroy, 1947).

The wrong advertisement of the hotel management and authorities that it was fireproof was one of the most important reasons for the fire incident, as it made the authorities and the guest carefree. In addition to it, the hotel also did not get the fire inspection due to its claims of being fireproof. Another grave mistake was the absence of automatic fire alarms and the automatic water sprinklers which could have controlled the fire when it has just started. Another grave mistake on the part of the hotel authorities was the only one exit stairway and no other emergency exit, for the fifteen floors of the building, which blocked the way of the people who were trying to escape the fire. Moreover, the firefighters were informed quite late about the incident. The hotel authorities also did not utilize the ladder companies to save the life of the people, who then jumped off their windows and caused a greater hindrance for the firefighters who could not move ahead and start their rescue activities. New codes were instituted to prevent such incident of fire eruption from happening again by ensuring the presence of the emergency exits and multiple stairways in the multiple floor buildings. In addition to it, the inspection of the buildings for the safety measured was made compulsory. Moreover, the installations of the automatic fire alarms and the automatic water sprinkler were also made compulsory. Smoking inside the building was also prohibited, in order to ensure safety (Hensler, 2011).

The Winecoff hotel fire incident was one of the deadliest and worst fire incidents in the history of the United States of America. The incident took place due to the negligent and ignorant attitude of the hotel authorities towards its construction, in addition to their false claims of being fireproof. The absence of the fire alarm system and automatic water sprinklers made the situation worse. The firefighters could also not reach the place of the incident due to the obstacles caused by the people trying to save their lives. The codes of construction were changed after the incident, which ensured the availability of multiple and emergency exit, in addition to getting the fire inspection., in order to ensure that no such incident happens again in future.

References

Hensler, B. (2011). Crucible of fire: Nineteenth-century urban fires and the making of the modern fire service. Potomac Books, Inc..

Heys, S., & Goodwin, A. B. (1993). The Winecoff fire: The untold story of America's deadliest hotel fire. Longstreet Press.

McElroy, J. K. (1947). The Hotel Winecoff Disaster. Quarterly of the National Fire Protection Association, 40(3), 140-145.

McKay, J. (2011). It Happened in Atlanta: Remarkable Events That Shaped History. Rowman & Littlefield.

Wip Update 2

Client’s name

Professor’s title

The title of the course

02 July 2019

Communication

1. What strategies have you implemented to improve your communication?

I have learned that effective communication is more of a policy rather than a strategy. So, I have implemented a strategy to take my time and don’t let anyone or any situation push me to hurry along with any conversation. Hence, in any conversation, I wait until I have decided on the message I need to express. I don’t worry about other people talking over me as if they do not listen to me, then they do not really want to communicate. I have learned that when you take your time, your message is much better and fewer corrections and clarifications are needed. When they see that you have thought carefully about what you say, they will take it more seriously.

2. Has it been difficult making changes? Why or why not?

Initially, it was difficult to accept that I had issues in my communication skills which needed attention. However, when I finally understood what they were, the main problem was addressing them. The main challenge was giving the conversation my undivided attention. However, as I learned that listening to others is way more important than anything else in any good conversation, I changed this habit with time and patience.

3. What successes have you had?

I was able to work on my attention span and build a focus on listening to every thought and feeling conveyed to me. Earlier, I only spoke my own mind and never listened to other’s opinions. But with patience, I now not only listen more but give my undivided attention to others and try to be the last one to speak. I believe this is the biggest success I have had. i.e. I now carefully assess the whole situation and others' thoughts and feelings associated with it and then give my own opinions.

4. What challenges have you had?

The communication apprehension that I face would be anxiety while speaking. Due to this anxiety even if I know the exact words and where and how to use them, either I end up forgetting what I was talking about or end up being blank altogether. This anxiety also causes me to lose confidence in my speech and I am unable to convey my message to the audience. Being nervous during speech causes me to lose faith that I can convey my message effectively to the audience. I intend to practice my speaking skills more and more either when I am alone or when I am with my friends.

5.Have you noticed any impact on your relationships? On how you perceive yourself?

As my communications skills have improved, I have witnessed how my relationships have evolved to be better. I am now fully able to express my emotions instead of shying away from them. As I convey whatever I feel through my words and expressions, each person whether a friend or a family member is able to grasp how I am feeling and what exactly am I looking for in our relationship. This fact indeed has changed the scape of my relations and helped me become a better friend. I now perceive myself as an integral member of the friends' circle who can actually speak his mind freely and contribute for the better,

6.Questions/Comments/Concerns?

Even though I am happy with my overall progress. I do wonder if the program will be effective for the people who have major communication issues like stuttering or a lisp. This is the only concern I have. So, I want to suggest that certain changes should be made in overall program strategies to accommodate easier communication for such people if they do enroll.

With His Pistol In His Hand: A Border Ballad And Its Hero

Name

Instructor Name

Class

Date

With His Pistol in His Hand: A Border Ballad and Its Hero

The ethnographic and anthropological location of Latin America established it as a good trade market; similarly, the government did many reforms such as abolishing slavery before the United States of America. The population had huge lands, and their property rights were safeguarded at both state and communal levels. Likewise, people were generating more income per capita. However, under the hidden agendas of colonization and Manifest Destiny, America looted the resources of Latin America and took over its many territories, including California. Similarly, settlers took over the rights of land ownership from the indigenous people and turned those areas into agricultural lands. Likewise, America used several other hidden agendas such as trade, education, and civilizing the Latinos as a disguise to colonize them and remove native people from these areas. The novel, With His Pistol in His Hand, deals with the aforementioned tactics that allowed Americans to colonize the Latinos through neo-colonialism. This essay analyzes the legitimate control of Northern Americans on Texas Mexicans through the avenues of law enforcement agencies, education, and mass media.

America viewed Latin America as an opportunity to sell its goods in its trade market and extend its neocolonial practices to colonize the indigenous lands. The Latin American economy was thriving, and the people were not threatened by the external forces. Likewise, it was a common practice in the colonial times that colonization was not done directly; instead, native people were neo-colonized through trade markets and cultural exchange policies. Such practices always proved unidirectional, and only the imperialist forces thrived on the economy of the other nation. In the same manner, imperialist powers used the strategy of capitalism to exploit the working class. It is evident in the history that soft power sets the foundation for hard power, which results in military rule and war. For instance, when the Mexicans refused to trade with the Americans, the latter declared war, and both sides suffered multiple casualties. In the novel, the author has referred to these historical events. He has talked at length about the brutal treatment of Texas Mexicans in the hands of the North Americans. Similarly, they were fooled into trade and did not receive the same benefits as the Northern Americans. For example, when a Northern American wants to trade his mule with a Texas Mexican named Roman, he says, “I never go back on my word. What do you think I am, a Mexican” (Paredes, 38). Quite on the contrary, later in the plot, the reader gets to know that the Northern American falsely Roman of theft. This symbolizes the racial superiority of the dominant White groups in America and how law enforcement agencies such as police and legal procedures save them. In the novel, the sheriff illegally shoots an innocent Texas Mexican because the White law does not provide supreme justice to the liberties of immigrants.

Prejudices play an integral role in developing hate sentiments among the population since racial hate acts as a driving force to blind any particular nation into racial prejudices. Likewise, the social stigmas of referring to the minority group as uncivilized or criminal people, allows the dominant group to keep their hegemony over the other. Similarly, the education department in America produced texts that clearly stated these racial stereotypes by using the keywords “thieves," "looters," and "savages" for the Texas Mexicans. The role of educational literature is significant since it encourages the population to absorb these stereotypes in their cognition and normalize such practices. For instance, these books mentioned, "The Mexican is cruel by nature. The Texan must in self-defense treat the Mexican cruelly since that is the only treatment the Mexican understands" (Paredes 16). Likewise, these patronizing instructions encourage the practice of violence and legitimize it by making it part of the discourse. In the same manner, such literature promoted the idea of White privilege and White supremacy in the minds of the American people. This attitude formation is still prevalent in the American nation, and they place their sense of nationalism based on this background work.

Mass media serves as another powerful medium to normalize the racial stereotypes directly to the mass audience. In this context, the political campaigns and their promotion among the White American population was done through print and electronic media at that time. Past disputes were specifically highlighted by the White political leaders to legitimize the practice of mass killing and snubbing the civil liberties of the Mexican people. As a result of the Mexican-American war, Latinos had to migrate into America for their survival. However, American people perceived these people as a burden on their economy. Moreover, to gain cultural dominance over them, White Americans made the whole Mexican race suffer so they could get revenge from the Mexican commander, Santa Anna. These campaigns stimulated the process of racially profiling the Latin Americans in the united states of America. Similarly, these campaigns were administered at the state level. In the text, Paredes has mentioned the unsung Mexican hero, and the ballad celebrates him yet describes the stereotypes attached to him as well. For instance, the evidence signifies the biased representation of Gregorio Cortez and compares it with his real personality traits as “He was a man, a Border man. What did he look like? Well that is hard to tell. Some say he was short … some say he was blond like a newborn cockroach ... He was a peaceful man, a hard-working man like you and me” (Paredes 34). These border narratives suggest that colonizers have control over the narrative voice of the colonized ones as well.

The book, With His Pistol in His Hand, narrates the aftermath of colonization in Latin America and narrates the account of White American malice over the Mexicans. Similarly, this control was legitimized through the mediums of law enforcement agencies, propaganda literature, and mass media.

Work Cited

Paredes, Américo. With His Pistol in His Hand: A Border Ballad and Its Hero. University of Texas Press, 2010.

Wk 4 Team - Courtroom Standards Analysis

Courtroom Standard Analysis

Eric Enk

Institutional Affiliation(s)

Author Note

Courtroom Standard Analysis

A courtroom consists of various group of people working on different roles and responsibilities. Among the group are judges, prosecutors, attorneys and other administrative staff ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1hfhe6l710","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Chapter 3,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Chapter 3,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":19,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/agqSDhCZ/items/44FD4J23"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/agqSDhCZ/items/44FD4J23"],"itemData":{"id":19,"type":"webpage","title":"Chapter 3","URL":"http://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780199738854/student/chapter3/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,22]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Chapter 3,” n.d.). The functioning is dependent on a relationship that different groups in the courtroom share. Prosecutor does have a diverse role to play and those roles sometimes have an independent and interdependent nature. First of all, prosecutor roles can vary from country to country depending on the law of the particular state. A prosecutor is a person who decides whether a case of investigation has to be initiated or not. Secondly, a prosecutor also acts as an intermediary between the police and the court ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a125d54a65k","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Taleb & Ahlstrand, 2011)","plainCitation":"(Taleb & Ahlstrand, 2011)"},"citationItems":[{"id":22,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/agqSDhCZ/items/JHSYT457"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/agqSDhCZ/items/JHSYT457"],"itemData":{"id":22,"type":"article-journal","title":"The public prosecutor, its role, duties and powers in the pre-trial stage of the criminal justice process – a comparative study of the french and the swedish legal systems –","container-title":"Revue internationale de droit penal","page":"523-540","volume":"82","issue":"3","source":"Cairn.info","abstract":"RésuméDans tout Etat de droit, l’objectif premier de la procédure pénale est de résorber le phénomène criminel sans toutefois porter atteinte aux libertés fondamentales des citoyens. Malgré leurs spécificités, la France et la Suède sont profondément concernées par la poursuite de cet objectif dont l’intérêt est aujourd’hui considéré comme une priorité européenne. Le procureur, à qui il incombe de déterminer si une affaire doit ou non, faire l’objet d’un traitement judiciaire, constitue le pivot du processus pénal. Cette étude a donc pour objet l’examen des pouvoirs et devoirs des procureurs français et suédois au sein de modèles de justice pénale à dominante respectivement inquisitoire et accusatoire. Dans ce contexte, la question de l’étendue de la convergence des systèmes pénaux européens demeure entière.","ISSN":"0223-5404","language":"fr","author":[{"family":"Taleb","given":"Akila"},{"family":"Ahlstrand","given":"Thomas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Taleb & Ahlstrand, 2011). The prosecutor work in close coordination with police depending on the severity of the case. In handling any criminal case a prosecutor has also the power of coercion, a prosecutor can keep a suspect in custody during the proceeding. In order to ensure the human right laws are not abused, the judges share the power with prosecutors in determining the time of custody and to ensure the liberties of the suspect are not violated. The independence of a prosecutor varies from country to country and it is due to the limited independence of the prosecution that sometimes states fail to make state agents accountable for the crimes of human rights violations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1qb4gt1bmh","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Michel, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Michel, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":26,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/agqSDhCZ/items/2VBBW3VH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/agqSDhCZ/items/2VBBW3VH"],"itemData":{"id":26,"type":"article-journal","title":"The role of prosecutorial independence and prosecutorial accountability in domestic human rights trials","container-title":"Journal of Human Rights","page":"193-219","volume":"16","issue":"2","source":"Taylor and Francis+NEJM","abstract":"A prosecutorial organ is always in charge of the investigation and prosecution of crime, which makes this institution a key gatekeeper to the courts. Empowered with prosecutorial discretion, a prosecutorial organ dictates what, when, and whom to prosecute. The institutional design of the prosecutorial organ varies across time and across countries, which raises an important, yet quite understudied question: Does institutional design matter for how states respond to human rights violations and, if so, how? In this article, I develop a theoretical framework that highlights the importance of prosecutorial independence and prosecutorial accountability. I argue that understanding the factors that impact the use of prosecutorial discretion in human rights cases can potentially provide a more complete understanding of why and when states fail to investigate, to prosecute, and to punish human rights violations committed by state agents.","DOI":"10.1080/14754835.2015.1113864","ISSN":"1475-4835","author":[{"family":"Michel","given":"Verónica"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",4,3]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Michel, 2017). It is the ethical duty of the prosecutor to provide true and valid information governing the case which could either negate the convictions or provide evidence against the convictions. A prosecutor should work in the limitations provided by the judicial court in order not to disturb the law and order situation. A prosecutor is liable to provide any relevant material at any time of the case to a competent authority and in most cases, it is the court ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1jutiq1shc","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Rule 3.8,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Rule 3.8,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":28,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/agqSDhCZ/items/NG9NHBXD"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/agqSDhCZ/items/NG9NHBXD"],"itemData":{"id":28,"type":"webpage","title":"Rule 3.8: Special Responsibilities of a Prosecutor","URL":"https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_3_8_special_responsibilities_of_a_prosecutor/","shortTitle":"Rule 3.8","language":"en"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Rule 3.8,” n.d.). Prosecutors have a crucial role in the criminal justice system of any country and their role in any particular case act as benchmark for further similar cases. The effective role of prosecutor determines the effectiveness of the law

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter 3. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2019, from http://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780199738854/student/chapter3/

Michel, V. (2017). The role of prosecutorial independence and prosecutorial accountability in domestic human rights trials. Journal of Human Rights, 16(2), 193–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2015.1113864

Rule 3.8: Special Responsibilities of a Prosecutor. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_3_8_special_responsibilities_of_a_prosecutor/

Taleb, A., & Ahlstrand, T. (2011). The public prosecutor, its role, duties and powers in the pre-trial stage of the criminal justice process – a comparative study of the French and the swedish legal systems –. Revue internationale de droit penal, 82(3), 523–540.

Wk 5 - Reflection: Current Issues In Nursing

Wk 5 - Reflection: Current Issues in Nursing

[Writer]

[Institution]

Wk 5 - Reflection: Current Issues in Nursing

Introduction

In recent passed act of Tax Cut and Job Act, it is required that every individual has to purchase the health insurance, which was made the law in the act of Patient Protection and Affordable passed in 2010. Data shows that over 45 million of American population is uninsured. The people living in poverty are mostly exhibiting the poor health status. Education, employment, race, and income are important factors that contribute in obtaining the health insurance access. By establishing these measures, it is important for us to answer the question that whether assistance should be provided to the underprivileged or only access should be provided to the privileged people? As the human beings it is the right of every individual to access the health care facility. It has been naturally determined phenomenon, nature law, and right provided through nature to human beings that health care is a right not a privilege.

Discussion

Ensuring health care to people requires some sort of intervention from the government because if it would be pursued through private institutions, then some people would be left behind without the access. With health care cost continually increasing and outpacing wages and inflation, and healthcare access for all failed by the private system, American people increasingly are supporting the government involvement, to seek health care as a right ensured by the government. Many of the American people have experienced the impact that a poor health has on peoples’ wellbeing. Many families and individuals struggle to pay their bills related to the health care cost, making it the no 1 cause of families’ bankruptcy in the America.

Philosophical Argument

According to Aristotle, human bodies have soul that needs nourishment to move in a society. Putting the concept of good and evil aside, and using this analogy of Aristotle, that nourishment is a need for the soul, would it not be right to assist the soul so that human society can run smoothly. For fulfillment of the soul, it must be grow and nourished. Therefore access to health care is necessary for fullest growth attainment of the soul. While according to Aristotle, soul is the first entelechy, final entelechy is reached if the good health care is provided. Politics, theology, and economic aside, nurturing, respecting, and caring for the human being is the essence that can help the human society to grow and prosper. According to Immanuel Kant categorical imperative, the human existence is not for the sake of usage only for a purpose to accomplish task. This means that if people should not be treated as mere objects then the existence of peoples’ worth must be recognized. In healthcare regards, seeking peace and oneself defending can be incorporated in form of the negotiations and electoral process usage to gain hearing of favorable amount of argument that envisions healthcare as a basic human right and should be readily available for all people.

The people with the medical need are mostly those from disadvantaged socioeconomic status. In the year 2010, approximately over 1.5 million individuals declared the bankruptcy. Many legal experts claim that over 60% of the total bankruptcy declarations were as a result of unable to pay medical bills in the America. America is the home of the people with many distinct features like race, ethnicity, culture, and socioeconomic status. Being too diverse in the socioeconomic status, it must be ensured by the government to provide basic healthcare rights to people with the economic disparities.

Arguments and Counter Arguments

People, who think that health care is a privilege, often said that if health care is allowed as a right, then it would burden the economy of the America. A research is conducted in the University of George Mason which concludes that if a government provides health care to all, then federal spending could be increased by $32.6 trillion after the implementation first 10 years. While it can be concluded from another research that providing health care to every citizen is better for productivity of the economy. It is because when people have healthcare access, then people would be healthier and contribute to the economic prosperity. According to the report by the Institute of Medicine, annually America loses $65-$130 billion as a consequence of workers diminished health which decreases productivity among the people who are uninsured.

Another point that is raised by the proponent of the health care as privilege said that under a system of single-payer, health care rights are paid through tax payer’s money. According to them health care is a service not a right and everyone have to pay for it. While it is the tax money earned from weak people as well and in a just society, it is necessary to help the weak people. According to Harvard University Professor Norman Daniels, healthcare affects the way people participate in social, political, and economic society life. It sustains people as citizens that take full participation in prosperity.

Conclusion

First of all the problem in hand was to focus on whether the health care must be considered as a human right or a privilege, we considered it as the basic human right which means that without regard of the socioeconomic status, caste, color, race and creed, all human beings are made equal and should be provided this basic human right. Secondly if this privilege is not provided, then the society would not run smoothly and according to the contradictory point of views, we come to the conclusion that all the things surrounding the point of view making it as a privilege consider health as a good that could be purchased. While societies cannot run on Darwin approach of survival of the fittest because it would lead to the conflict and chaos.

References

Cooper, Z., Craig, S. V., Gaynor, M., & Van Reenen, J. (2018). The price ain’t right? Hospital prices and health spending on the privately insured. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 134(1), 51-107.

Gil-González, D., Carrasco-Portiño, M., Vives-Cases, C., Agudelo-Suárez, A. A., Castejón Bolea, R., & Ronda-Pérez, E. (2015). Is health a right for all? An umbrella review of the barriers to health care access faced by migrants. Ethnicity & health, 20(5), 523-541.

Porter, M. E., & Kaplan, R. S. (2016). How to pay for health care. Harv Bus Rev, 94(7-8), 88-98.

Wole Soyinka’s Play Death And The King’s Horseman

Name of Student

Name of Professor

Name of Class

Day Month Year

Wole Soyinka’s play Death and the King’s Horseman

In many ways, Death and King’s Horsemen sheds lights on the culture of Soyinka’s. The myth and ritual of Yoruba indicate that the overall culture over there is comprehensive in a way that it does not need acknowledgment from West. In the play, there was a tension between community and personal roles of the individual (Soyinka, Wole). Considering the overall environment of 70’s settings, one could say that by the year 1975, Soyinka had moved forward from the harsh experiences of the Nigerian Civil War 1967-1969. However, he was still living under the fear of death as he has seen the genocide of War. In the play, the settings of Yoruban village in West Nigeria are shown. Communities are tied up with some cultures and traditions in a way that even education cannot prevent them from following inhumane rituals and norms.

The starting scene gave the viewer an impression of a marketplace in which the community is involved. The environment looks vibrant in the play. The marketplace is not just the place of buying and selling; instead, it represents some relationship. Elesin considers all women of the market as his mothers. Elesin’s image is depicted as a nobleman (Williams, Adebayo). Furthermore, Elisen means “horseman” while the “Oba” refers to “King” as the name of the character is Elesin Oba which implies "horseman of the King." The man has a significant role in cultural terms. The King had already died, and in the beginning, and Elesin is to die as well. He goes to the marketplace because it gives him comfort and peace. Everyone in the marketplace honors Elesin as he was the special man of the King, and that is why he was treated with respect. The play “Death and King’s Horseman” represents the cultural disputes between African and Western Worlds.

The play shows the actual event which happened in the year 1946. In this context, British colonial forces stopped the ritual suicide (Hepburn, Joan). In the society of Yoruba, the overall community has more importance as compared to individuals. According to the tradition, the first horsemen of the King had to commit suicide after the death of King. Of course, this culture was in contrast to the beliefs of West, and as they had the authority during that time, so they prevented it. The son of Horseman who was foreign qualified commits suicide instead of his father. It was the great sacrifice of a son for his father, and in societies like Yoruba, people were willing to lose their lives for the sake of rituals and the traditions.

Although the story is based on the actual event, Soyinka changes a few things and comes up with the fictional work of the real event with an objective to evaluate primary issues such as the conflict between the Western approach of British colonialists and the African culture and tradition. These type of rituals were the shortcomings of the overall society. People were living with dogmatic beliefs in a way that even Western education does not change their mindset in terms of following flawed traditions. The people were committed to preserving their ancient tradition. In the play, Whit people were not able to fully understand the meaning of suicide or the sacrifice that a son made for his father. Elesin was a trendsetter in a way that he rejects the tradition of Yoruba. He denied to commit suicide, and his act was deemed as selfish because he was going against the ritual. The event took place in the mid-20th century, and the play represents the myths that were embedded in African societies during that time.

While reading about the play in the 21st century, one would think that the event may have happened three or four centuries back, but myths exist in societies even in modern times. Through this story, the writer stresses the point that despite the difference in the overall beliefs of Yoruba's and Western people, the self-sacrifice is always of high value. The tradition which takes the life of one person is wrong, but on the other hand, if someone loses his life for his father, it’s a matter of huge appreciation. Olunde’s (Elisen’s son) decision to commit suicide in place of his father reflects his strong attachment with cultural values. In this regard, he opted to die because he does not accept colonial restraint, and in a way, he gains the sympathy of people who were already against imperialism. In a way, both father and son go against their training. No one could have expected Elisen to deny committing suicide as a loyalist to the King. On the other hand, nobody was hoping that Elisen’s son would come up with the great sacrifice.

The sacrifice of Olunde gave a strong message to the colonial powers that education does not take one away from their roots as some forces were thinking that they could change the lifestyle of the people of Africa. The custom of suicide by the first horseman can be considered inhumane, and those who stick to this tradition cannot be appreciated. To understand Elisen’s failure to give away his life, his character should be taken into account. He is a person strongly committed to his life and his other desires. The identity of Elisen is described by his connections with other people. In the play, he is shown as an energetic man. He is the type of person who wants to enjoy life as he has spent most of his time as a sensualist.

The overall lifestyle and desires created love for life in him, and that is the reason why he did not want to lose his life for an ancient ritual. He thinks life is an honor, and ending life by his own hands would mean the end of honor. He was not willing to take other people's advice. In the marketplace, Elisen's finds himself in the settings where he has to battle for his life, still, lust comes on top of him and starts thinking about the young girl. Therefore, in the play, it is described that lustful desires hindered Elisen to follow the ancient tradition. Although his act of refusing to commit suicide is commendable, his desires are deplorable.

Elisen was different in comparison with other people in the community because others valued traditions more than anything of the world, whereas Elisen gave more importance to his life. By no means, a society should appreciate the killing or suicide of a person. People should detach themselves from the tradition or the culture that is against the fundamental concepts of humanity. In African cultures, many things are against human values, and until 20th-century communities strongly believed those values. However, things have slightly changed in modern times.

Every culture of the world has some inherent values developed by ancient practices and customs. In this respect, not necessarily, all the people willingly follow the old traditions; some of them are bound to pursue the ways of their ancestors because they think that their salvation lies these rituals. Also, some people do not like immoral traditions of their culture, but somehow they cannot draw the courage for going against these norms. Finally, the belief of Yoruba's community that horseman should commit suicide after the death of King was the myth and immoral. Elisen's rightly went against that tradition; however, the sacrifice of the son should be valued. Olunde was foreign qualified; he should have shown some restraint and supported his father instead of killing himself.

Works Cited

Hepburn, Joan. "Mediators of ritual closure." Black American Literature Forum. Vol. 22. No. 3. St. Louis University, 1988.

Soyinka, Wole. Death and the King's Horseman. WW Norton & Company, 2002.

Williams, Adebayo. "Ritual and the Political Unconscious: The Case of" Death and the King's Horseman."" Research in African Literatures 24.1 (1993): 67-79.

Women In Medieval Art

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Women in Medieval Art

Women were considered as second-class citizens throughout the Christian and medieval period and their problems and needs were underestimated by the men of the society because men of medieval period enjoyed much supremacy. Being a woman in that period meant only one thing and that is a suppressive creature that was not given any freedom of speech and was labeled as incompetent, deceitful, sexual and innocent beings. Men of the society held all the power to make decisions for them and never let them speak their mind. Sex was being practiced as a normal activity and acknowledged by the persistence of that era. Women were bound up in sexuality and their participation in sexual activities was noted openly. This is because all the women in the medieval art carry some sexual association. Men of the era took their sexuality as a medicine and healthy activity for the body but when it came to the marriage, men mostly considered the virgin women. They wanted their children to have pure blood. Prostitutes were widely despised by the society. The virgin women were declared as the nuns by the church men because virginity according to them is a treasure and it should be locked and protected for the divine Bridegroom, the Christ. Virginity can purify their soul and is way to salvation.

The status of women in religious terms has been debated during medieval period which is the reason why many women’s movements started in different parts of the world especially in Europe. The medieval art based on women reflects their ideology and represents their roles in the medieval era. They were portrayed as nudes and paintings of this era were painted by men for the men. It is because women were thought of being beautiful who did not mind portraying their body. However, the first and foremost images of devotion were of Holy virgin who was pious and pure. She was respected and adored by a number of people of that era. According to the church, Mary and Eve are two extremely powerful ideals where Eve was considered as a sinful figure that brought sin and death into the world. She was the first one to attempt sin and then passed all the sins to her female descendants. This gave the concept of women being as weaker and evil who need to be controlled by men. On the other hand, Mary is considered as unique and called as virgin mother. She was the one who contributed to the salvation of mankind and set examples of sacrifice. It gives idea that women of this era were defined on the bases of Eve and Mary. On the basis of this definition of Eve and Mary, women were portrayed through art. The images of the believers of Eve were painted as naked and the believers of Mary were painted as poised and fully dressed. The morality and character of women was measured through these arts. The good women were painted as the property of men and labeled as house wife. Women who went against their husbands were painted as traitor and prostitutes. Images in the medieval ages played a vital role in educating people and in stimulating devotion to the church. Some of the writers have claimed that medieval women, especially the wealthy women were portrayed through images CITATION Pri17 \l 1033 (Prince).

Women in medieval ages were under the authoritative power of men and did not enjoy an independent life. For them, life meant living for their husbands and children and remained inside the house throughout their lives. They had to follow the norms because they were not privileged to live independently, it was a patriarchal society and rule of men was practiced everywhere in the country. They were either asked to get married or to ‘take veil’ for the rest of their lives. These norms were made by the men of that era and were strictly being followed by every woman. It is not like they enjoyed being suppressive, rather they wanted independence and wanted to express their feelings. There were some women who challenged the whole system of men’s superiority and went against the stereotypical image of women as oppressed and subservient. Women in the church took the responsibility of becoming abbesses of convent which were considered as senior as and more powerful than monks. Women started working in the political field too and practiced power as queens and regents. For example, Queen Isabella was a powerful figure who brought down her husband’s reign. Research shows that medieval women were rebellious, resilient, skilled and resourceful. They were the reason behind women independence movement started in the first place.

Women and men both showed devotion to Virgin Mary who is also called Mother of God. They considered her as the ultimate divine being that gave the concept of human salvation and regard her glory as the only powerful glory of all time. People believed in her purity and her love for humanity. She was so powerful who sacrificed her son for the sins of humanity and felt proud of his son’s attitude. She was born without sins and that is the reason most of the women of medieval age looked up to her and wanted to be like her. She was a symbol of purity and men of that era presented her as an example to their women. She was the chosen one, who was chosen by God because she was the most powerful, vocal, humble and was open to God’s will. She was very religious woman who loved her son and suffered along with her son. Women of the era were asked to follow the footsteps of Virgin Mary and follow her ethics. It is through following her ethics, women can be considered as faithful and good human beings. They can stay away from all the evil only if they act like Virgin Mary and behave like her. People believed that mankind fell off because of the disobedience to God but Virgin Mary’s sacrifices saved mankind from becoming sinful. She was a source of inspiration for not only women but for men too. They think that the glory of Mary is the glory of God who was never involved in any wrong activity. This was a direct message to all the women who were supposed to do the same as Virgin Mary did.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Prince, Chloe. ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ Women in Medieval Art. 12 September 2017. 28 October 2019 <https://shenoted.co.uk/2017/09/12/good-and-bad-women-in-medieval-art/>.

Women In Software Development

Women in Software Development

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Maria Trifonova, Amanda Hartel

EDFS 309: Scholarly Personal Narrative Writing

Dr. Robert Nash & Sydnee Viray

Date Here

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Introduction

The field of information technology and software engineering is arguably very highly demanded in the 21st century. All the remaining fields including business, engineering, health sciences, finance and accounting are dependent on software and due to the digitalization of fields, information technology is the most premium in today’s age. The topic of the thesis is the role of women in the development of this field. Despite the fact that there is a significantly huge number of jobs out there in the market, the number of women working actively in this industry is considerably lesser as compared to men. Although a number of women are working in pure IT domains of the world’s leading tech giants including Google, Microsoft and Amazon, still it isn’t enough as compared to their counterparts. This trend sometimes leads to a generalized supposition that women are not capable in the field of IT and other works of technical nature. This underrepresentation of women in the field of IT is due to many reasons which will be discussed in the thesis. Also the role of women from the historical point of view in the development of computers at an early age is discussed to prove the point.

The thesis is based on the response to the perception that women are not as competitive in the field of technology as men. The question whether women possess the intellectual and logical faculty of dealing with computer software complexities and managing the integrity by fulfilling responsibilities which involve creativity, will be addressed by using the information from the history and logically possible reasons for the underrepresentation of the women in IT. The thesis emphasizes the idea that despite all the presuppositions and assumptions, women are very much capable of excelling in the field of IT. Examples of the marvellous achievements of women from history have been discussed. Also, as the number of female computer scientists, IT specialists and software engineers is increasing day by day, future prospects of the role of women in software by the year 2099 have also been highlighted.

Literature Review

The literature review for the thesis comprises of peer-reviewed articles about software engineering and will cover the evolution of software. Also, the contribution of women in the growing phase of software development from the journal article of Jennifer S. Light is used as a source. One of the main sources in the literature review of the thesis is the famous book of Claire Evans in which she explained how women contributed to the development of the first-ever programmable general-purpose computer ENIAC. Eckert and W. Mauchi were the two prominent women who served during the world war 2 by automating ballistic computations. In this project, approximately two hundred young women from different backgrounds worked together as a team and were able to invent this machine. We will see how women developers and programmers built this state of the art computational machine at that time. Also, we will compare the status of women in the industry today and will analyze the percentage of women in modern-day tech giants based on the statistical analysis of Microsoft. In the analysis, the percentage of workers based on gender, ethnicities and origins from different regions of the world is discussed. By carefully analyzing the status of women in history and a considerable increase in the women population in technical industry and software firms, we will predict the role of women and their active participation in the future.

In 2017, there was an issue in Google which was based on a 10 page manifesto by a Google engineer. In this manifesto, the reasons for the lack of women in technology and leadership were discussed. The manifesto was a polemic against Google’s motto of diversity in innovation, as it contained content based on undermining women’s ability to compete with men in technology. The paper was focused on the study of biological circumstances which support men in the fields where logic and decision making matter the most. It argued that women lack the faculty of decision making and logical computing owing to the natural and intrinsic differences between the thought process of men and women. It was initially circulated in Google but later it was leaked in the public causing an outburst from different societies. Many considered it no more than a sexist way of labelling things and above all, it was not supported by a well organized and critically performed survey. The allegations, however, were refuted by the writer as he suggested that talking about gender gap in different fields by assessing the requirements and statistics does not necessarily have a ‘sexist’ approach. He tried to clarify and made it more explanatory by saying that women tend to consider coding and all the related jobs boring and hectic. Men have more interest in status and command as the code commands the machine to perform the tasks while women, on the other hand, are more interested in aesthetics and people. Men have a special frenzy about computers and software as they start interacting with devices from early childhood in the form of playing games with friends while girls do not do so very often.

The points given as clarification are not entirely incorrect but it is also true that they are more suggestive explanations that are not well supported by a qualitative analysis. One of the reasons is gender discrimination even in some of the tech giants. Again, taking the example of Google where such tendencies have been observed many times in past years which indicates gender discrimination in the company. The U.S. Department of Labor published a report about this where it said, “The investigation is not complete, but at this point, the department has received compelling evidence of very significant discrimination against women in the most common positions at Google headquarters ”. The pay gap between men and women was also one of the factors which can be discussed in order to understand the different market and industry opportunities for different genders. Google, however, lifted this pay gap and claimed that they do not discriminate between genders and races anymore as far as the work wage is concerned.

Historical Background

By looking at the history of female workers' performance in the field, it is hard to believe that women lack capabilities of logic, decision making, coding and doing stressful work. The idea which proposed the lack of women's interest in the fields of information technology is not true as now, market trends have been changing for the past few decades. The drive for innovation is very significant in women as according to study, the choices made by women account for approximately 85% of buying decisions.

The Socio-historic Context

As female inclusion in the tech industry is growing day by day, the history of women who worked in the industry in the past is also rich. In the famous book of Claire Evans, she reminds the world about the marvellous invention of ENIAC during world war two. Women at that time were mostly doing clerical, health-related jobs or worked as primary teachers. At that time, when instructional manuals and guides were not available neither informatory tutorial videos were there to help. When a majority of the male population was indulged in war, women broke out into traditionally male occupations and made history by making the first-ever programmable, general-purpose computer. The task was assigned to six women due to the deficiency of male engineers in the United States. These women were tasked to first learn and interpret how a computer works and then to program the computer machine. It was not an easy job as it was a path previously unpaved by any of the computer scientists at that time. They started with very humble backgrounds both technically and financially. Kathleen McNulty, one of the scientists involved in the invention of ENIAC, described the difficulties they faced as, “Somebody gave us a who stack of blueprints and these were the wiring diagrams for all the panels, and they said ‘Here, figure out how the machine works and then figure out how to program it which was a little bit hard to do so ”. The work was such a breakthrough that it revolutionized the tracking of the trajectories. The computer scientists were assisted by 240 women from different backgrounds who worked day and night to make this possible.

These women continued to work on the project even after the war ended and it became very difficult for the managers to replace them with the returning soldiers. There is a perception that men tend to work more efficiently in teams as compared to women because they are more interested in personal endeavors. The project not only proved the ability of the women to work efficiently in a stressful job like computer programming and machine coding but also that they are equally capable of working in teams. The management has a major role in determining the success of any project irrespective of the field of work. ENIAC Six, the women who were assigned the task showed an excellent display of teamwork and management despite the fact that they belonged to different backgrounds. As said by Jennings, one of the scientists of ENIAC, “We had a wonderful time with each other, mainly because none of us had ever been in close contact with anyone from one of the others’ religions. We had some great arguments about religious truths and beliefs. Despite our differences, or perhaps because of them, we really liked one another”

While talking about the contribution of women in that marvellous invention, one thing which is demotivating is the response from the technology industry at that time. The work was considered a part-time overtaking of women in men’s business due to their absence. It was not considered as a fulltime achievement rather a substitution for a period of time. Despite the complexity of the work and the maximum results obtained, the women did not get the recognition they deserved. That time was the inception of women in the field of IT and as discussed above, they were called for this work. The women who started working in a team were called as ‘computer women’. The engineers working in the field at that time admitted that the accuracy and speed of women's computers are no less than men. There are a lot of examples from history that can be presented to prove the importance of women in technology and especially computer science but ENIAC is one of the major breakthroughs. We will go a little deeper into this project and analyze technical aspects and innovative strategies that are incorporated by the programmers in order to build a state of the art computer.

ENIAC is the acronym of Electronic, Numerator, Integrator, Analyzer, and Computer. The proposal of the project was presented by the scientist named John W. Mauchly in which he proposed to the government the solution of ballistic table anomalies. The United States army was facing this issue of scarcity of ballistic tables which were required in great numbers in order to accurately shoot the target from accurate angles. So based on Maucley’s proposal, a general-purpose, programmable machine was built. Previously, relays were used in advanced computing machines of that time but in ENIAC, switches were used. “The task was performed by setting switches and knobs, which told different parts of the machine (known as “accumulators”) which mathematical function to perform”. ENIAC was distinguished from all the devices previously used because it used electronic components, secondary memory and above all it was programmable and could be used as a general-purpose machine.

Even according to the modern-day programming standards, coding in ENIAC was such a horrendous task. It was manufactured to substitute the work of hundreds of previously used computers which were used at that time for computing ballistic tables. Grace Murray Hopper was the prominent mathematicians who lead the best women graduates from the different colleges of the country. She was the first term who came up with the idea of “automatic designing”. The term ‘compiler’ that we use today cane from this project. The difference is that today we think of compiler as an interface to translate the high-level language into machine level language but Murray described compiler as a way to handle hard-wired subroutine onto the ENIAC. As far as the accuracy and results are concerned, ENIAC was faster than machines which were previously used, by approximately 1000 times. Compared to human beings, the capability of calculating trajectories is about 2400 times faster is ENIAC. The first program was operated in November 1945 where ENIAC stunned everyone by running some of the initial calculations for the development of the Hydrogen bomb.

The purpose of making such a computational device was to minimize the accuracy problems while determining trajectories that may help in shooting the targets. The intention of the US government was to utilize this device in the World War against potential enemies. The reason is, due to widespread military occupations and instalments of colonies of different countries for the supremacy, war technologies were advancing day by day. To build such a programmable computer, hence increasing efficiency and control was the need of the hour. However, the project was not completed during the war and hence could not be used for the intended purpose. It was first brought to operation in November 1945. Although it could not be completed for its use in the war the results produced as a result were very impressive.

Conclusion:

From the detailed analysis of the role of women in the field of information technology and computer science, we come to know that despite the sceptic views about women’s competency in dealing with computers, women are improving themselves in the field every day. They are now working in almost all the big software companies and service providers. According to a recent survey, there is a considerable increase in the number of women working in Microsoft. Microsoft has almost 27.3% of women employees which is remarkable compared to the past few decades. In 2017, the total share of female workers was increased by up to 26% which is still less as compared to 2017 where it reached up to 29 per cent. According to the Microsoft sources, the decline of the women percentage nowadays is due to Nokia operations winding down. If we talk about LinkedIn which is the world’s biggest platform for business and employment-related activities. According to some resources, LinkedIn has the highest percentage of women employees as compared to all other tech giants. “LinkedIn contributed heavily to the makeup of female employees; it said last year that its employee base was 42 per cent female.”

Talking about the environment in Google, as discussed above by the example of a manifesto written by a Google engineer in which he undermined the women's capabilities in coding, programming the machines and decision making in stressful situations. They had to face a sudden backlash from different societies and even from the female google employees. The situation got so hyped that Google’s vice president had to apologize and condemn the manifesto. The wage gap of the employees based on gender is also lifted up hence equal opportunities for success and development are present for everyone in the big fishes industry. The real constraint ion the path of women who wanted to work in information technology was the environment. From the above examples, now when the environment is becoming suitable and the number of women in the field is also increasing, it is expected that in the near future the remaining gap will be minimized further. With the widespread of IT industry where everything is interfaced with software, only men are not capable of handling the requirements. The role of women in the IT industry is not only a liability but is becoming a necessity. So the female population of the country must be encouraged and equipped with the necessary training to join men in the industry to meet the challenges, the world is facing.

According to a survey, the age group of women who are working in the fields of IT is between 18 to 39. The number of female workers is also increasing in the silicon valley. They are changing their attitude to reward and recognize female employees. So it is very important to promote and motivate women to join the IT industry. Women must consider this option not because they are in competition with men and have to prove themselves but due to the fact that the IT industry is generating the highest revenue. This can be achieved by organizing different STEM-base activities from high school level and making the computer courses compulsory at least at the high school level so that a student entering college must have extensive know-how of computers. This is necessary because of the future requirement of the workforce in the field of software engineering. A growing number of women in information technology and computer-related fields suggests a decrease in gender gap which a very positive sign. Because women are not only working on technical and client service positions but also reaching up to executives and CEO which may become reason for further inclusion of female workers in the industry. Marissa Mayer, CEO of Yahoo is one example of them and there are other examples too. This will encourage more and more women to take IT and software engineering as a career path.

Bibliography

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Atomic Spin. “ENIAC Programmers: A History of Women in Computing,” July 31, 2016. https://spin.atomicobject.com/2016/07/31/eniac-programmers/.

Levin, Sam. “Google Accused of ‘extreme’ Gender Pay Discrimination by the US Labor Department.” The Guardian, April 7, 2017, sec. Technology. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/apr/07/google-pay-disparities-women-labor-department-lawsuit.

“Light.Pdf.” Accessed November 7, 2019. http://beforebefore.net/scima200/media/light.pdf.

The Seattle Times. “Microsoft Has More Women in Workforce than Last Year, Thanks Mainly to LinkedIn,” November 14, 2017. https://www.seattletimes.com/business/microsoft/microsoft-has-more-women-in-workforce-than-last-year-thanks-mainly-to-linkedin/.

Philipson, Graeme. “A Short History of Software,” 2004.

Redden, Molly, and Nicola Davis. “Google Staffer’s Hostility to Affirmative Action Sparks Furious Backlash.” The Guardian, August 6, 2017, sec. World news. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/06/google-staffers-manifesto-against-affirmative-action-sparks-furious-backlash.

Women Of The Bible

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Women of the Bible

Women in the bible are rarely mentioned by their names. Those women who have identified by their name have strong reason and background along with the message for the followers. These women did something extraordinary in their life that God presented them as an example. Stories of these women are mentioned in the bible which indicates how these women contributed to world history and development of faith. The main purpose of the essay is to identify some of the women who are mentioned in the bible. It is important to study for increasing the knowledge of the bible and the role of women from a religious perspective.

In the bible, there are names of forty-nine women. However, ninety-three women speak in the holy book that is a total of 14,056 words were spoken by them collectively. The total words spoken by the women are hardly 1.1% of the holy book. Among 49 bible women who were named only a few of them are well known among the Christian people like Mary, Mary Magdalene, and Sarah. Sarah utters 141 words, Mary Magdalene says sixty-one words, while marry who was the mother of Jesus the most prominent women of the religion utters only 191 words. Few people claim that the bible is written by men so he focused more on the stuff that was related to the men's power, therefore women contribution is not shared as much as it should be ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kegKjnTz","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Savran)","plainCitation":"(Savran)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1734,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/R37TTZHS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/R37TTZHS"],"itemData":{"id":1734,"type":"article-journal","title":"Review of Sexual Politics in the Biblical Narrative: Reading the Bible as a Woman","container-title":"Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues","page":"209-215","issue":"6","source":"JSTOR","archive":"JSTOR","ISSN":"0793-8934","title-short":"Review of Sexual Politics in the Biblical Narrative","author":[{"family":"Savran","given":"George"}],"reviewed-author":[{"family":"Fuchs","given":"Esther"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Savran). Among all the women who are named in the Bible, few are discussed below to understand their role and contribution in the way of faith and world history.

Eve

The first woman that was mentioned in the Bible is Eve. She was the first woman and wife of Adam who lived in heaven. She disobeyed the God command and deceived into believing about death. She thought that if she disobeys the command of God she will live forever and ate fruit with her husband Adam. Due to the disobeying of God, Eve ad Adam sent to the Earth as a punishment. Eve became the example of warning. It indicates that excessive desire and curiosity is dangerous for human. In addition, it is important to have faith in God and in the case of disobeying God's will, human has to face harsh punishment as a reward of the wrong act.

Abigail

Abigail was a beautiful woman who was the wife of a harsh but wealthy man Nabal. The contribution of Abigail was to act with discernment and wisdom to avoid calamity. They lived in the locale where the future ruler of Israel “David” was trying to hide like a criminal. Whereas David and his companions were hiding, they shielded Nabal's herds of sheep from thieves.However, David rejected to provide them food even after they requested. David got angry and his companions tried to execute Nabal and his family. Abigail got impressed when she heard what David did for her and family. She gave food to David and his fellows and pursued to ask David for any other need. When David saw her blessing, calmness, and heard her understanding, he observed that God had sent her on earth to preventmisfortunes. After the death of Nabal Abigail got married to David. Through her story, people can learn how to treat others with respect and calmness. In addition, the lesson of giving rewards and appreciation to those who help others.She dealt with the situation effortlessly and did as such with decision, courage, and virtuosity.

Hannah

Hannah was the mother of Samuel and the spouse of Elkanah.They became the prophet in late Israel. When Hannah had no child but instead of feeling hopeless and worried she went towards God for comfort. Elkanah had another with Peninnah who had children and reason for Elkanah's second marriage was the childlessness of Hannah after so many years of marriage. Peninnah was harsh towards Hannah and pointed her for not having children when decided to share all her sorrow with God for relief. She then prayed for a child from God with that she would give the kid in the way of God by orchestrating the child to serve at the sanctuary. God blessed her with Samuel but to remain faithful to her obligation, she sent Samuel to serve at the sanctuary. Afterward, God gave a reward to Hannah in the form of two little girls. Through Hannah's story, people get the lesson that faith and belief in God can eliminate all worries and sorrows from life ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"toLA5FkX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ackerman)","plainCitation":"(Ackerman)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1733,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/5J2WIHDR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/5J2WIHDR"],"itemData":{"id":1733,"type":"article-journal","title":"Women in Ancient Israel and the Hebrew Bible","container-title":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion","source":"oxfordre.com","abstract":"The Hebrew Bible is a book that was primarily written by men, for men, and about men, and thus the biblical text is not particularly forthcoming when it comes to the lives and experiences of women. Other evidence from ancient Israel—the society in which the Hebrew Bible was generated—is also often of little use. Nevertheless, scholars have been able to combine a careful reading of the biblical text with anthropological and archaeological data, and with comparative evidence from the larger biblical world, to reconstruct certain features of ancient Israelite women’s culture. These features include fairly comprehensive pictures of women’s lives as wives and childbearers within Israel’s patrilineal and patrilocal kinship system and of women’s work within the economy of a typical Israelite household. Because the Bible is deeply concerned with religious matters, many aspects of women’s religious culture can also be delineated, even though the Bible’s overwhelmingly male focus means that specific details concerning women’s religious practice must be painstakingly teased out of the biblical text. The Bible’s tendency to focus on the elite classes of ancient Israelite society likewise means that it is possible to sketch a reasonable portrait of the experiences of elite women, especially the women of the royal court, although, again, this information must often be teased out of accounts whose primary interest is elite men.","URL":"https://oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-45","DOI":"10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.45","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Ackerman","given":"Susan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",4,5]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,21]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ackerman).

Mary

Mary was a young Jewish lady.She had a fantastic knowledge of Scriptures. She was a trustworthy lady who was considered for genuine duty by God. She was a virgin at the time when she gave birth to Jesus, having imagined a child of Godas a miracle. Mary was spending her life in praying. She was locked into Joseph when a holy messenger appeared to her and declared that she would get pregnant and would give birth to Messiah. She accepted the will of God. After the birth of Jesus, Mary and Joseph had four children, 2 boys and 2 girls that are mean Mary did not remain a virgin. However, she was pleased with the blessing of God and thankful for him for selecting her as a mother of Jesus. It indicates that Mary developed intenseconfidence. She received the message of God and then remained faithful to him in the worse situation. She took care of Jesus even when her financial condition was not well.

Miriam

Miriam is the primary lady in the Bible known as a prophetess. Miriam was the sister of Aaron and Moses. Being the first lady,her job was to relate messages of God. In Israel, she had a prominent position. After the Egyptian army was destroyed by God in the red sea, Miriam shared with the men in the victory song. Later on, Miriam and Aaron talked against Moses. They both were under the feeling of jealousy and pride. God heard the words shared by Mariam and Aaron and therefore strongly counseled them.Miriam had to face the issue of leprosy as a punishment while Moses begged God for hiskindness, God forgave her. The Bible tells that Miriam acknowledged the amendment. Later on, God referred to Miriam for an exclusive privilege when he reminded the Israelites. Therefore, through the example of Miriam given in the bible, it can be understood that God knows everything and He gives reward for what we do and what we say when no one is around. In addition, behavior like jealousy and pride can lead to unseen and negative consequences ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"22wBbSeF","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bach)","plainCitation":"(Bach)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1735,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/W9U7SQNH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/W9U7SQNH"],"itemData":{"id":1735,"type":"book","title":"Women in the Hebrew Bible: A Reader","publisher":"Routledge","number-of-pages":"566","source":"Google Books","abstract":"Women in the Hebrew Bible presents the first one-volume overview covering the interpretation of women's place in man's world within the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament. Written by the major scholars in the field of biblical studies and literary theory, these essays examine attitudes toward women and their status in ancient Near Eastern societies, focusing on the Israelite society portrayed by the Hebrew Bible.","ISBN":"978-1-135-23868-1","note":"Google-Books-ID: YQrfAQAAQBAJ","title-short":"Women in the Hebrew Bible","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Bach","given":"Alice"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",10,31]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bach).

Rebekah

Rebekah was the spouse of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau, twin children. Rebekah followed the path of God's will even where when things were so rough and difficult. One day, she was coming back from the well with water, a man approached her and asked for some water. Rebekah immediately gave him water and allowed her to take water for his camel.The thirsty person was the servant of Abraham, and he had from a long distance to know about a spouse for Isaac as Isaac was the son of Abraham. The servant prayed for the blessing of Rebekah from God. When the servant of Abraham noticed the generosity of Rebekah he explained about his reason to arrive. He asked Rebekah to come with him and accept the proposal of Isaac. Later, Rebekah went with the servant and got married to Isaac. God gave the reward of her kindness in the form of a husband like Isaac and two beautiful sons. Therefore, Rebekah became an example of hospitality and modesty. Her nature and traits prompted her prosperity as a spouse, mother, and genuine God worshipper.

Deborah

Deborah was a prophetess whom Israel's God, Jehovah, used to uncover his will on issues influencing his individuals. God likewise usedDeborah to support settle issues among the Israelites. The prophetess Deborah is one of God's prominent worshippers. She gathered Barak to lead an Israelite armed force against their Canaanite tyrants. When Barak asked Deborah to go with him, she did not surrender and rejected his demand without any fear. After God gave the Israelites victory, Deborah became the part of the victory songwhere Barak sang that song. In that melody, hard work and fearlessness of Deborah were sung.Therefore, Deborah was considered as compassionate and daring. She urged others to make the best decision in God's view. In addition, whenever she saw people fulfilling God's will she gave them credit and reward.

Jael

She was the spouse of Heber who fought for the people of God, Jael was non-Israelite. When Sisera, the head of the Canaanite armed force appeared in Jael camp, sheresponded decisively. At that time, Sisera lost his fight against Israel and was currently searching for asylum and shelter. Jael welcomed him into her tent to stay. She executed Sisera when he was sleeping. The action of Jael satisfied a prophecy expressed by Deborah and therefore, Jael was considered as the most blessed woman in the Bible. Jael acted with ingenuity and bravery. Her story indicates how God can change the situation to satisfy prophecy.

Delilah

Delilah was a lady with whom the Israelite judge Samson experienced feelings of love. She accepted cash from Philistine authorities to sell out Samson, whom God had been utilizing to convey the Israelites from the Philistines. The Philistines were not able to defeat him as he has wonderful physical strength. Therefore, their authorities had to take help from Delilah. The Philistines considered Delilah to find out the secret of Samson’s physical strength by giving her cash for the task. Finally, she accepted the offer and found Samson's secret of strength. She at that point disclosed Samson'ssecret to the Philistines, who then caught and detained him. Once again, another woman became the example of a warning just like Eve. Through her story, God tells his creature that not everyone that shows love and affection cares for them. Delilah is the warning that became the reason for defeating the most powerful person of his time. She is also an example of a selfish, disloyal, and deceitful person.

Mary Magdalene

Mary Magdalene was a loyal follower of Jesus. She was one of a few women who went with Jesus and his followers. She generously utilized her own assets to help and giving care for the needs of Jesus and followers. She remained with Jesus till the last moment of his ministry, and she stayed near to when he was executed. She had the benefit of being among the first to see Jesus after he came back to life. Therefore, she becomes the symbol of the true believer and faithful person of Jesus.

Rahab

She was the Jehovah God’s worshipper who was once a prostitute. She covered two Israelites who were spying out the land. She did this since she had heard reports of how Israel's God, Jehovah, sent his men from Egypt and later from an assault by the Amorites, a famous tribe. She helped spies and begged them to save her and family when the Israelites came to crush Jericho. They got ready to help Rahab on the conditions thatshe would keep their secret, she would stay inside her home with the family when the Israelites assaulted, and she would make her home identified by hanging a scarlet cord. Rahab got agreed to each demand and luckily got the opportunity to survive along with her family when the Israelites got control over Jericho. Rahab became the spouse of an Israelite and turned into an ancestress of both Jesus Christ and King David.Therefore, the Bible refers to Rahab as an example of confidence. Her story explains that God is both excusing and unprejudiced, favoring the individuals who trust in him, irrespective of their condition and background.

Sarah

Sarah was the mother of Isaac and the spouse of Abraham. Sarah left apleasant lifestyle in the prosperous city of Ur since she had faith in vows of God to her significant other, Abraham. God advised Abraham to leave Ur and go to the place named Canaan. God promised Abraham for his blessings and changed Canaan into an incredible land. Sarah was above sixty in age at that time.Thereafter, Sarah and Abraham started living in tents, a nomadic life. After experiences so many troubles and tough time Sarah remained calm and stayed with her husband to follow God’s directions. For some years, Sarah was childless, which became the reason for her sorrow. However, God had promised to favor Abraham for the blessing of the child. She gave birth to Isaac when she reached the age that all hope of the child has vanished. She was 90 years of age, and her better half was 100 years of age but God blessed him with Isaac. Sarah's example indicates that God can bless you with anything at any time. The individual should spend his life for the blessing of God and by following his direction. In return, God bless his creature by fulfilling their wishes ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2EwsImG9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hayford)","plainCitation":"(Hayford)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1731,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/BVRFN4X4"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/BVRFN4X4"],"itemData":{"id":1731,"type":"book","title":"Biblical Ministries Through Women: God's Daughters and God's Work","publisher":"Thomas Nelson Inc","number-of-pages":"159","source":"Google Books","abstract":"God has a mission and ministry for every believer, and women have always been called to make a significant contribution to the ministry of the church. This study guide explores the role of women's ministry in the Bible and the church today. Readers will learn about the unique and dynamic contributions of many key women in the Bible, and find guidance for discovering their own role and ministry in the body of Christ. The Spirit-Filled Life® study guides are perfect companions to the New Spirit-Filled Life Study Bible or for use on their own. Their interactive approach offers an in-depth look at practical living in God's kingdom and challenges users to examine and live their daily lives in the light of God's Word. Features include: 12 lessons, plus an introduction to experiencing the hope and purpose that come with living with God's covenants in view Foundational, practical helps like Kingdom Extras, Probing the Depths, and Word Wealth in each lesson Spirit-Filled Life® Study Guides sold to date: More than 1.5 million","ISBN":"978-1-4185-4925-1","note":"Google-Books-ID: WCOo32rlKz8C","title-short":"Biblical Ministries Through Women","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Hayford","given":"Jack W."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hayford).

Rachael

Rachel was a little girl of Laban and the favored spouse of the patriarch Jacob. Rachel got married to Jacob and blessed two children, who came to be among the establishing leaders of the twelve tribes of old Israel. Rachel met her future spouse while she was tending sheep that were the property of her father. She was "alluring" more than her elder sister named Leah. Jacob fell in love with Rachel, and he got ready to serve as labor for 7 years if she says yes for his proposal. However, Laban fooled Jacob into the wedding Leah first, after which Laban allowed Jacob to wed Rachel.Jacob adored Rachel and her two children more than Leah and her children. Therefore, there was a conflict between the two Rachael and Leah. Rachel experienced hardship within family circumstances but without losing trust that God she handled everything. Her story explains that polygamy puts on families. Rachel's experience shows the wisdom of God's unique standard for marriage that a man has just a single spouse.

Ruth

Ruth was a Moabitess who left her nation and religion to become a follower of Jehovah in Israel. Ruth demonstrated exceptional love to her husband, his mother, Naomi. Naomi, and their two children. They had gone to Moab to get away from starvation in Israel. The sons got marries with Moabite women named Ruth and Orpah. However, Husband and two sons of Naomi died and left three widows behind. Naomi chose to come back to Israel, where starvation was now finished. Ruth and Orpah decided to go with her. Though, Naomi requested to go back to their relatives where Orpah got agree with the decision. Ruth, however, decided to stay with her mother-in-law as she loved her in-law and also wanted to worship her God Jehovah. Her sacrifice for not going to her relative for the sake of her mother-in-law made her famous in Naomi’s hometown, Bethlehem. A well off landowner named Boaz was impressed by Ruth and decided to provide food to her and Naomi. Ruth later wedded Boaz and turned into an ancestress of both King David and Jesus Christ.Therefore, the story indicates that due to the love for Naomi and Jehovah, Ruth uprooted her life. She became the symbol of loyalty, devotion, and hardworking women in the Bible.

Jezebel

Jezebel was the spouse of Israelite King Ahab. She was a non-Israelite and followed the Canaanite god Baal instead of Jehovah. Sovereign Jezebel was tyrannical, savage, and violent. She encouraged sexual immorality and worship of Baal. She was against true religion and God, Jehovah. She tried a different strategy to eliminate the worship of Jehovah. Jezebel turned to lies and murder to fulfill her egotistical whims. As God see and hear everything, He gave him the death of pain and she did not receive a burial. Jezebel is a warning example. She was so unscrupulous and morally corrupt that her name has become an image for an unethical, shameless and unrestrained woman.

Esther

Esther was a Jewess, Persian King Ahasuerusselected her as his queen. Sovereign Esther utilized her position to avoid the destruction of her own individuals. She found that an official announcement had been given that assigned a particular day on which all Jews living in the Persian Empire were to be killed. This plan was developed by a man named Haman, who was the PM. With the assistance of her cousin, Mordecai, and at a miraculous danger, Esther uncovered the plan to her husband, King Ahasuerus. Ahasuerus then permitted Esther and Mordecai to give another declaration, approving the Jews to shield themselves. The Jews altogether vanquished their adversaries. Sovereign Esther set an example of courage, humility, and modesty. Despite her excellence and position, she looked for direction and help. When talking with her significant other, she was prudent and deferential, yet intense. Also, during a period of extraordinary risk for the Jews, she gallantly recognized herself as one of them

All the names of the women that are mentioned in the bible did something extraordinary due to which God presented them as an example for all human beings. All the women mentioned in the Bible have contributed to world history and the development of faith. Although, it is a general perception that Bible is written is by men so the focus was more on men rather than females yet still the names of forty-nine women are mentioned in the Holy Book along with the hardships they faced in their lives. The essay presented detailed information regarding women and their role in transforming society. Few women in the Bible set the example of love, care, loyalty, bravery, and faithfulness while some women are mentioned in the holy book as a warning. These women became the symbol of fakeness, unjust, harsh, and evil. However, all women of the Bible are highlighted for some specific reason to learn for making life better and according to the will of God.

Work Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerman, Susan. “Women in Ancient Israel and the Hebrew Bible.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion, Apr. 2016. oxfordre.com, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.45.

Bach, Alice. Women in the Hebrew Bible: A Reader. Routledge, 2013.

Hayford, Jack W. Biblical Ministries Through Women: God’s Daughters and God’s Work. Thomas Nelson Inc, 2012.

Savran, George. “Review of Sexual Politics in the Biblical Narrative: Reading the Bible as a Woman.” Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women’s Studies & Gender Issues, no. 6, 2003, pp. 209–15. JSTOR.

Women Of WWII

Nancy Wake

In 1943, in the midst of the Second World War, a charming Nancy Wake, nicknamed White Mouse, headed the Gestapo hit list. At the same time, the fascists had no idea what the mysterious intelligence officer looked like and where to look for her. For her head was promised 5 million francs. However, each time, clever Nancy managed to leave the Gestapo with a nose. This legendary woman, who passed away four years ago at the age of 99 years, was and remains one of the most successful scouts, a kind of symbol of the struggle for the liberation of France from Nazi occupation.

On account of Nancy Wake hundreds of lives saved by the allies, including the Chief Air Marshal of Great Britain Sir Lewis Hodges. Thanks to her, thousands of Jewish refugees managed to leave occupied France. In addition, she played a decisive role in Operation Neptune (D-Day) in Normandy. In France, Britain and New Zealand Nancy Wake has the status of a national hero. It was her biography that formed the basis of the wonderful film "Charlotte Gray" with Cate Blanchett in the lead role (Fitzsimons, & Daniel, 2010).

Nancy Wake was born in 1912 in the town of Rosenet, near Wellington in New Zealand. After 2 years, the family moved to Sydney. The future scout had no cloudless childhood at all. My father left the family shortly after moving to Australia, when baby Nancy (the sixth child in the family) had not even gone to school. The character, however, the future star of intelligence since the adolescence was militant. At 16, she ran away from home and got a job as a nurse. And then suddenly she was lucky - her aunt left a decent legacy to her beloved niece, and Nancy moved to the UK, taking up journalism. Work in one of the London prints did not prevent her from moving to France. In the 1930s, she worked as a correspondent for the newspaper Harest Media Magnates in Europe. On her journalistic account, an interview with Adolf Hitler, which was taken shortly after he came to power in 1933.

With the rise of fascism in Germany, this topic became dominant in Nancy's articles. A witness to the first crimes of the Nazi regime in Europe, she fearlessly denounced fascism in her publications. Then she vowed to fight this plague for life and death. It's amazing how much power was in this fragile fairy with the face of a film star.

In September 1939, when Hitler swiftly occupied Poland, Wake first faced the war face to face, organizing and supplying refugee camps. In November 1939, Nancy Has Brought For Secured French entrepreneur Henri Fiokk, who became not only her husband, but also a friend and soul mate. When France capitulated to Hitler’s regime in June 1940, the couple entered the ranks of the newly created Resistance movement. Nancy and her husband facilitated the transfer of Jewish refugees and allied troops from France to Spain.

Reference

FitzSimons, P., & Daniel, S. (2010). Nancy Wake. Bolinda audio.

Women On Submarines



Women on Submarines

Josephine Tauoa

[Name of the Institution]

24 April 2019

Women on Submarines

Introduction

Women are integrated into various organizations and are performing challenging duties. They are eligible to perform several jobs that were previously served by men. However, they were not considered suitable to work on submarines. It was recently when the navy lifted the ban on the integration of women in submarines and brought female sailors on board to serve submarine force. The change was not easy and required institutional and legislative changes to make submarine roles suitable for women. It required service efforts to transform some of the mechanisms and make the technologies friendly for female joiners. Many reports state that initially, mixed gender crew has complicated submarine life. As they required smaller submarines and Trident ballistic missiles that resulted in the removal of operational equipment. It wasn't an easy task for women to fit in the job easily. The hard working conditions had made it difficult for women to balance their personal and professional lives. Thus, this study focus on supporting issues and concerns related to life-work balance, job expectations and career development of women on submarines. It also identifies the organizational changes that occurred due to women integration on submarines.

Discussion

In 1994, some significant policy changes were made to include women in the navy, still, they excluded assignments for them to be part of onboard submarines. In 2009, the Navy secretary intervened to change the policy and accommodate female candidates. The policy was directed towards recruiting potential candidates who have a desire to work for the navy and could increase the strength of submarine. The Navy lifted the ban on women integration in submarines in 2010, thus, the department has incurred a challenging task to make the female part of the crew. The first crew was selected through a tough competition. It required certain prerequisites to be recruited for the job which could only be fulfilled by the high qualified females. Besides the qualification, they were selected on the basis of their physique, traits, and personality. Submarine forces are involved in challenging tasks on a daily basis thus it is essential for the women to rapidly adopt the culture. They need readiness to quickly respond to the missions. However, the navy had to make structural changes to make women part of the crew. Thus, this study focuses on ‘the specific organizational changes that are required for the integration of women in submarines’. The paper highlight the issues faced by women in submarines and focuses on the specific organizational change that has taken place as a result of women integration in submarines. It also highlights the benefits it has provided to the women.

Working Conditions on Submarines

The life on submarines is different than naval forces, it constitutes an 18-hour rotation where there is no clear time for sleeping or meals. The 18-hour duty is divided into six-hour watch and the remaining is for the training of employees and maintenance of their professional duties. Drills are conducted several times a day which disrupts the normal routine. Thus women are not able to relax or take breaks frequently. Medical emergencies are a concern for women's health in such a tough routine and strict working conditions. Their health condition is highly at risk and is more prone to diseases. The submarines have no windows so the crew cannot see the outside world, the see-through periscopes to target an area. They contact with the shore bases through satellite. Sonar technology work as eyes and ears for the crew members. The duty is characterized by psychological stress and isolation which requires high capabilities and strength to perform under such circumstances. Mostly, due to small inconvenience women are supposed to apologize for matters that aren't even their responsibility. It's sometimes unfortunate to follow such rules where you are made the culprit. The working station s are very critical, which are far from public life ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"xfNBY6Jm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kane & Horn, 2001)","plainCitation":"(Kane & Horn, 2001)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":77,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/9MAK5LIV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/9MAK5LIV"],"itemData":{"id":77,"type":"report","title":"The medical implications of women on submarines","publisher":"NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Kane","given":"John L."},{"family":"Horn","given":"Wayne G."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kane & Horn, 2001).

Also, the communication with families is through emails and connectivity is not constant on ships, thus they may not contact with their families for several days. The issues of retention are vastly prevailing due to work-life balance, and women often take leaves to spend time with their families. The family planning for women is disturbed where they are unable to focus on their routine and health. Thus, the submarine environment seems to be unfriendly and unattractive to many participants. Initially, some women had to spend several days on ships, where they were subjected to abuses by the authorities. The situation requires effective change management strategies in the submarine life. Resultantly, The naval forces were held responsible to take strict actions to address the concerns of women against the treatment of naval authorities and to overcome their issues related to work ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"eJlFIoIG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Burrelli, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Burrelli, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":73,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/QRYS6N9F"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/QRYS6N9F"],"itemData":{"id":73,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Women in combat: Issues for Congress","publisher":"LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Women in combat","author":[{"family":"Burrelli","given":"David F."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Burrelli, 2013).

Change Management

Submarines were initially designed keeping the perspective of men such as the size of fleets, technology, and sea crafts. The fleet was made according to the height and reach of men, the display screens were angled in a direction easily accessible to men. Thus, due to women integration, the first modifications were done in the physical structure of the ships. The defense contractors designed boats specifically to accommodate the female crew. Due to the controversy of videotaping the female crew members, while they were undress, the navy forces have asked for separate accommodation for female officers. The primary focus was to built separate rooms and washrooms for female members, by separating the doors to give them more privacy. The crew members appreciated the idea because submarine was a work platform as well as a home for them, they lived as well as worked there. The demands of females were highly focused and they were provided with prompt facilities, thus to encourage more females to apply for submarines. Mostly, in submarines women were discouraged due to an unsafe environment, thus the authorities made it sure that women would be provided with full privacy and safety ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"7c7muqcW","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Brower, 2002)","plainCitation":"(Brower, 2002)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":76,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/JM39J3Q6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/JM39J3Q6"],"itemData":{"id":76,"type":"article-journal","title":"A case for women warfighters","container-title":"Military Review","page":"61","volume":"82","issue":"6","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Brower","given":"J. Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Brower, 2002).

Navy has lowered some valves and installed steps at various points. There were modifications made in the vessels reflecting new features such as the USS New Jersey. The reason for preparing new vessels was the unpredictable participation of females which required special technology. The Navy is also trying to modify the existing subs for women, they are developing new ballistic-missile based on the body measurement of respective men and women. They are also redesigning the Virginia-class fast-attack subs to practice efficiently by women. The Submarines machinery operates by turning valves and to redistribute water, thus they should be placed lower so that women would be easily reachable to them. Also, extension handles were located for an emergency air system which was previously not present. The seats were also adjusted to reach the joystick and the display so that everyone can access the ballistic missiles. The most crucial part was to train women in nuclear power and its effective usage. They required maximum time to get knowledge about the usage of particular powers and then they were assigned to serve on combat ships. 24 female officers were initially scheduled for the training pipeline in the standard submarine. Also, the initial group of females was hired from the existing officers of Naval Academy who were performing at the management position. The first group completed the nuclear power school and officially reported after one year in 2011. However, they were allowed to guide ballistic and missile submarines ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"yZehuMVG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Iskra, 2007)","plainCitation":"(Iskra, 2007)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":74,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/Q7RAV5X8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/Q7RAV5X8"],"itemData":{"id":74,"type":"article-journal","title":"Attitudes toward expanding roles for Navy women at sea: Results of a content analysis","container-title":"Armed Forces & Society","page":"203–223","volume":"33","issue":"2","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Attitudes toward expanding roles for Navy women at sea","author":[{"family":"Iskra","given":"Darlene M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Iskra, 2007).

In 2013, women were allowed to serve on attack submarines that were the most critical tasks. Women with high capabilities and confidence were given the job to serve the first women attack submarines. The process of qualifying women for such post requires changes in the laws and policies. The policies include primarily the physical readiness of candidates for the job, which covers the data for the last 4 years and strictly assess the performance in training. Medical tests were conducted of females to check their fitness and suitability for the job. Then, they are provided with high professional training which involved the hardest drills to make them efficient. Earlier it was thought that the change management will cost navy heavy amount due to major changes in the system and technologies. But it has also increased the efficiency of the Navy as well. The cost was done for the lifetime performance of the Navy and to include women in all professionals. It has highly encouraged women that they can perform the toughest jobs without any fear. It increased their confidence level and more women are applying for the jobs on submarines. The change management has also increased the post for female submariners, thus they can apply for the different posts to serve on submarines. Doctors are employed on submarines to take care of the health of females and to protect them from vulnerabilities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"C5zxJGVp","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kane & Horn, 2001)","plainCitation":"(Kane & Horn, 2001)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":77,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/9MAK5LIV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/9MAK5LIV"],"itemData":{"id":77,"type":"report","title":"The medical implications of women on submarines","publisher":"NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Kane","given":"John L."},{"family":"Horn","given":"Wayne G."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kane & Horn, 2001).

Outcomes of Change Management

The outcomes of women integration in submarines suggested that it encourages diversity of thoughts and open better opportunity for career-oriented women. It provides women with intellectual superiority and there is a constant improvement in their accomplishments. The submarine force further encourages women to develop mentorship skills. It also inspires them to maintain positive relations with their crew members. It is not the first time that women are serving in forces and submarines missions. In the world war I and II, Women have served a great role in accompanying the forces and has carried out official responsibilities. Thus, with the increasing technological advancement, it was necessary to inform women about the new technologies and nuclear power, so that they can also work on them. Women should also be given the skills so that they can perform in the safeguarding of their territories. thus it was necessary to include them in the new processes ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"xJ1A6JQw","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ritchie & Naclerio, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Ritchie & Naclerio, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":81,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/NW774LCR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/NW774LCR"],"itemData":{"id":81,"type":"book","title":"Women at war","publisher":"Oxford University Press, USA","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Ritchie","given":"Elspeth Cameron"},{"family":"Naclerio","given":"Anne L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ritchie & Naclerio, 2015).

The highly qualified individuals are taken on board. For the warfare ships, individuals are highly selected on their technical ability and response to contribute to the navy. The job is base on who can better serve the country purpose, the women with high self-esteem, confidence and will power tends to be more successful on the ships. There are hard missions on a submarine, and the women need to be proactive to all situations. There is no acceptance for mistakes on submarines, the incompetence can lead to the termination of employees. Thus one needs to be highly energetic and responsive to duty. Their personalities are developed in such a way that they are more humble towards sudden situations. They are patient and softly handles situations in stress. They become more concerned about nuclear power and take great responsibility for safeguarding them ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"oWJmC9gQ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Doan & Portillo, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Doan & Portillo, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":96,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/7U5MWKQF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/5651625/items/7U5MWKQF"],"itemData":{"id":96,"type":"article-journal","title":"Not a woman, but a soldier: Exploring identity through translocational positionality","container-title":"Sex roles","page":"236-249","volume":"76","issue":"3-4","author":[{"family":"Doan","given":"Alesha E."},{"family":"Portillo","given":"Shannon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Doan & Portillo, 2017).

Women are now working as engineering officers, damage control officers, and emergency officers. They are part of attacking submarines which incorporates them with leadership qualities. They know how to keep secrets of national defense, they have played an important role in the Cold War and the War on Terrorism with incorporating the high technology weapons. They have played their role in conflicts and wars. The crew member believes that once you learn the work, the challenges are motivating and will keep you going. Women contribute largely to the force, covering logistics specialties to better perform their jobs. Women tend to make strong bonds in with warfare units. The submariners are judged and promoted on their abilities regardless of gender anymore. Women are also provided awareness about sexual harassment when they join the sub. The female crew members now believe that they are so busy on submarines that they seldom realized that they have spent four to six months. Women are provided with all the facilities such as washing machines and dryers.

Conclusion

Female submarines officers on board are the next step to inclusive strategies, where everyone is involved in the developmental process. The integration of women has made the submarine force stronger because of their capabilities. Although it has cost the Navy a major amount, which earlier they felt was impossible to manage to integrate women on submarines. But the change has effectively impacted the lives of females. Females have become more confident and powerful. They know they can perform any job regardless of the fact how much challenging it is. The women submarines were started by the US Navy, which is known for its efficient diversification in various departments and offering challenging roles to both males and females. The forces tend to provide equal opportunities for everyone to show their capabilities. Thus, female inclusion has resulted in greater support for the submarine. Female officers want to be referred as ‘submariners,' instead of female submariners. They want to stand at the same point as men and should be given equal power to use technologies and nuclear equipment. Initially, the integration of women was quite critical and challenging, however, later they have efficiently cope up with the environment of submarine life. Women with high will power are selected for the job, who give more importance to their countries than their selves. Women are performing outstandingly in all walks of life, and with time they will be proficient in submarines as well.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Brower, J. M. (2002). A case for women warfighters. Military Review, 82(6), 61.

Burrelli, D. F. (2013). Women in combat: Issues for Congress. Library Of Congress Washington Dc Congressional Research Service.

Doan, A. E., & Portillo, S. (2017). Not a woman, but a soldier: Exploring identity through translocational positionality. Sex Roles, 76(3–4), 236–249.

Iskra, D. M. (2007). Attitudes toward expanding roles for Navy women at sea: Results of content analysis. Armed Forces & Society, 33(2), 203–223.

Kane, J. L., & Horn, W. G. (2001). The medical implications of women on submarines. Naval Submarine Medical Research Lab Groton Ct.

Ritchie, E. C., & Naclerio, A. L. (2015). Women at war. Oxford University Press, USA.

Women Veterans Of Oahu

Women Veterans of Oahu

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Women Veterans of Oahu

Introduction

Women are not considered for the employment of law enforcement unless it was in a typical job that includes low pay, desk, and office for special units. They are thought as weak, and hardly recognized in a male-dominated area. Their struggle as police officers in a male-dominated field has made them advanced for serving the nation through wars. In this regard, women veterans of Oahu have sacrificed a lot in discharging their duties in the non-traditional career. The center for women veterans was established to review the programs and services with certain benefits. At present, there is fifteen percent of the women actively serving in various section and branches of armed forces. After leaving the career in military women set their time with loneliness and there is a need for community service assessment plan to support them for enriching their lives.

Discussion

The community of women veterans faced challenges more than their male counterparts. After their transition from military to civil society, they need more support to be successful. From fatigue to various fabulous organizations have tried to address the women veterans’ challenges in their home communities. Community resources through the charitable organizations cater the women veterans of Oahu and provide them with employment assistance and clothing. A social network, confidence, and self-esteem are the valuable core areas for female veterans. They can easily be adjusted into a civilian environment and make an enormous difference in their sense of socialization. Education, support, guidance, and other related aspects can play a progressive role for women veterans in the United States. However what needs is to serve these things under a systematic plan.

The number of veterans is expected to be decreased in the coming years because of a change in shift and transformation of the world community into economic warfare. However more than twenty million veterans are currently living in the United States (Carper et al., 2016). Since the decades of 1990, there has been significant growth in the proportions of female veterans from a diverse background. A diversity of these veterans incorporates a wide range of geographic areas, income, education, family structure, and age. According to the United States Department of Veteran Affairs, these veterans have unique needs that cannot be attained through a one-sided approach. The need assessment of these females is conducted to identify unique challenges and goal of informing future policy plan. Six valuation steps can help in planning and conducting a community assessment.

Step1: Defining the Scope of Women Veterans in Oahu

In the heart of Hawaii, Oahu is a cosmopolitan city where everything from ancient war to contemporary conflicts is presenting a landmark history. Same is the case with females who are coming from the war or long term foreign deployments with broken physical and emotional scars. These females are honorable and discharge from the military service and deployed to a National Guard or the reservist. Definition of the veterans has not changed instead of the population with newest women veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Due to the importance of the subject the United States Department of Veterans Affairs is working tirelessly to enhance changes in culture, improve services and care of women (Cushing et al., 2018). More than 15 percent of the women today are actively involved in the duty of military and 18 percent of guards along with reserve forces.

In every branch of armed forces, women served as fuel suppliers, truck drivers, pilots, police, and gunners. They see combat-related injuries and intense combat, and there are 1.8 million living female veterans. Compared to the 63 years average age of male veterans female have 48 years with an increase in disability level. The service-connected disability contributes to their illness. Those female participated in Afghanistan and Iraq war are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, and 1 in 5 are seen by veteran affairs to clear them from military sexual trauma. Among the significant issues faced by female veterans is homelessness as the fastest growing segment of the homeless with their children (Grieger, 2018). Twelve percent of the women are comprised of those who are younger than 40 years and involved in the Afghanistan and Iraq war. They have a scope because females are operating under various operations like Operation New Dawn, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom.

Women veterans have worthless services for the national cause, but they are also facing poor medical conditions like the disease of connective tissue, musculoskeletal and mental disorders. Through various activities and training sessions, these veterans can be facilitated to meet their needs. Benefits like the survivor and death benefits, life insurance, home loans, education compensation, and employment services. Similarly, for the acknowledgment of their scope, there is a campaign that is underway to increase culture, practice, and interaction of these female warriors (Grieger, 2018). The message of cultural change support ordinary citizen of Oahu to rethink about the term Veteran. Appreciation and recognition in the diverse community is the result of what women veterans have served in foreign lands for the cause of their motherland. The term the civilian-military divide is mostly used to point out the isolation of less than one percent US population.

The consequences of war are disconnected from the American public by veterans, and a wall cannot be created for these females to readjust them in the society. The divide is especially true for women veterans who have too long underserved or excluded from their services. However, the appropriate gender system of US fails to understand and navigate females in the sex-specific needs. Through the rescinding combat exclusion policy and shaping services for women and got a long way to improve the facilities for women (Hawkins & Crowe, 2018). To address the trauma and transition from military to civilian services tailoring the program with assessment is critical as non-resolution to these issues lead to increase suicides. These females die more than six times than the rate of non-veteran women, and medical professionals are searching for which health and suicide programs are best for addressing healthy women. Tremendous work has been done for initiatives, and advancing women programs and the scale of these plans are essential for women mental health.

Some female due to specific reasons hesitate to identify themselves as veterans or seek care through the military entities. Due to the medical issues and poor health conditions experienced service and identity erase from their record because of traumas they have endured. On the other side, some are prideful of their services which placed them in a traumatic situation. Three out of four females seek their services in the community situations however they angry on the type and nature of proceedings. In this regard, the California women veteran project can be a supportive measure for Oahu to build resources and enhance the services for women with best practices. The planning can incorporate the new approach which would be the first and different type of project in the region of Hawaii. For the employment, family support, rape crises, legal issues, housing, and mental health there is a need for granting funds through certain organizations (Hawkins & Crowe, 2018). Policies will not serve without operating machinery or without the specific administration that experienced best practices.

Step 2: Decide to go Solo or Collaborate

In planning the project for the women veterans of Oahu, there is need of collaborative assessment which means that two or more than two organizations should be involved through a memorandum of understanding (Johnson, 2017). It is essential for broad-based and formative assessments. Two major parties can be considered for the contract assignment and the welfare of women veterans of Oahu. The memorandum of understanding was signed among the Governor of Hawaii and US department of veteran affairs to examine the time, effort and human resources for women veterans. The director general of the department has assured the state government for all the efforts and needs of the veterans and both agreed to work in collaboration. As a chief executive of the state of Hawaii governor can direct to various agencies and departments for enforcing laws and to discharge the power and duties in the office.

Women Veterans Employment Security

Further, the security and job fulfillment provided to veterans through the coordinator of veteran affairs. The individual will engage the disabled veterans outreach program and local employment representatives. The work source partners and staff will incorporate services to the spouses and veterans in all the work source centers. In this regard, specialists will also be available for the cooperation and necessary needs. There may be the inclusion of self-service, facilitated choices, and referrals to the supportive needs, one-on-one services and other support for the veterans. Various military aspects cannot be transformed in the civilian workforce because of the occupational specialties.

The services will also incorporate training, labor market information, vocational guideline, referrals, and job development and job clubs or hunter shops. Regional offices will be part of services for those who served in Enduring and Freedom operation (Johnson, 2017). For maximum assistance, there will be educational institutions, employment, and maximum rehabilitation. For facilitating access and information, the Washington State Employment Department should be contacted.

Mental Health Services

Returning from the employment of military operation the women veterans requires several sources of mental health. Both stakeholders offer overlapping and unique services that support a global war against terrorism (Johnson, 2017). While coordinating with veteran' affairs medical center, they can include home care, community-based outpatient care, long term and inpatient assessment, and the primary or secondary care. Those who have Post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as substance use or depression, are qualified for services in a health care setting. Network lead to best options for medical treatment and specialized services for women. The specialized inpatient hospitalization for disorders of stress is part of psychosocial rehabilitation and residential treatment.

The memorandum of understanding provides the readjustment of counseling to any eligible guard and reserve member who served during their active duty. A family member is part of bereavement services which are available only to individual families like grandparents, siblings, fathers, and mothers. The community-based crises care tremendously incorporated in the service consultation to a family support network. The assessment shows that different measures signed among the stakeholders like mental health assessment report, veterans benefit referrals and confidentiality of family support network (Johnson, 2017). Both parties agreed to select a Tricare reserve based on premium health care plan to eligible members in national reserve guard. Throughout the state of Hawaii assessing and enrollment benefits are pre and post-deployment briefing along with home station reverse soldier readiness.

The undersigned involved in the regular services and efforts for the women veterans of Oahu are agreed on the enhancement of current funding levels to make it easy for the accessibility of the intervention resources. A primary objective of the agreement is to minimize the impact of war upon the women veterans of Oahu. The MoU is to encourage the use of members for all social and community services and to assist them in post-deployment adjustment.

David Ige Robert Wilkie

Governor of Hawaii Territory Secretary US Department of Veterans Affairs

Step 3: Collection of Data

The community assessment project ensures the efficient use of data resources and collection of information. Through various types of questions the primary and secondary type of data is suggested in the assessment plan (Sharma et al., 2017). First of all, there is a need to put specific questions and make it clear that women veterans of Oahu are facing what types of issues in their social and community life. The online sources are significantly considered for the collection of data. First, there would be the issue of unemployment among female veterans of Oahu. The Bureau of Labor Statistics provided that a dramatic increase in veteran unemployment is the central issue which should be tackled through a systematic plan. The planners of the project need to report the subpopulation and based on a populace survey.

With the fifty thousand households there is suitability for gauging trends in the broader US population. Recently separated veterans are few hundred, and there are other several thousand in US community service. The national survey of two million households is also less sensitive for sampling variations, but the media reports are mostly limited to unavoidable fluctuations. The dramatic increase in the veterans is due to the receiving of unemployment benefits because of reservist mobilized in Afghanistan and Iraq. With the deployment of more reservists, there were increase chances of unemployment (Sharma et al., 2017). There was little evidence of the weak job market, discrimination, and health of women veterans of Oahu. At present, the hiring of these veterans can be made accessible through the collection of the tax which can be a cost-effective tool for stimulating hiring of a veteran. The tax credit expansion can add more than thirty thousand disable veterans. The ten thousand cost of tax collection can roughly be aggregated by 40 percent. The current position of women veterans has found that members earn more than civilians that are compared demographically. Those veterans that served in intelligence, communication, and health services are enjoying and earning more than others.

The programs aim to improve the employment opportunities and veterans’ transition with mixed results like the Army partnership for youth success program. There was no measurable and positive impact on the outcomes of employment. The evaluations were partially meeting objectives for jobs and another type of assistance but struggled with a common problem which includes the limited funding and uncertain expense. Women veterans have multiple issues and problems however they take advantage from civilian classmates, report difficulty and their experience in the colleges (Sharma et al., 2017). Staff, student, and like-minded classmates are supportive of them. Various veterans choose to attend the institutions that can provide them opportunities and conveniences over the traditional restrictions. Members have costly intervention expenses of mental and other ailments.

Most of the women veterans who return from Afghanistan and Iraq are facing major depression and disorders like PTSD. Expense estimated by the authorities is 4 to 6 billion US dollars. The significant cost is relatively high, and it ranges from 500 to 910 million US dollars. Traumatic brain injury is the primary driver towards mortality and half of those who sought care are received a minimal intervention. The adoption of evidence-based intervention with positive outcomes can potentially save the two billion US dollars. The average of one thousand veterans is decreasing suicide and increasing productivity. Death became crises as most of them in Afghanistan cannot sustain their real nature and mental state (Sharma et al., 2017). Especially after the decades of 9/11, the rate of mental disorders is significantly high. Through the proven method and research large amount of suicide is prevented by the military.

Women veterans of Oahu are suitably compensated for their disability and ailments which are more than offset disability payment. Further, the tax-free status from the payments and the ability of veterans are paid through the retirement and disability payment. Despite the prevalence of compensation, there are specific facts which are not universally true and programs are not meeting the expectations of veterans. The decreased warrior or the monthly benefits replace the two third of the household lost earning, and it is combined with total payment. The entire amount of compensation can offset those losses for two or more decades with the ratio of 120 percent. In this regard, the future research for the programs and policies of veterans’ compensation will cater the need of serving them.

Their families and close relatives will be benefited from the programs, and it could improve through the research in areas like studying veterans’ educational outcomes and mapping them through employment path. How these vulnerable women are faring, and they can return to education from a capable system and establishment of data (Sharma et al., 2017). The assessment of life events of the veterans will incorporate the real picture of their life after leaving the military career. On the veteran transitions, there was previous research, and it is taken as a secondary source for this project. A comprehensive review of all the research on the transformation of these women implied that this program could contribute a progressive outcome. Research done by RAND organization is also a significant source of data collection and assessing the transformation process.

Step 4: Determining Key Finding

There is different strength; the previous research determines gaps, opportunity, and challenges research. The assessments of community needs for women veteran of Oahu through the self-created primary sources reveals the differences across the several communities. These assessments identified the areas of seventeen needs aspects, and it identifies various elements. The analysis provides that major issues of a veteran are concerned with their mental health needs. The link between combat rated trauma, and adverse mental health outcomes are well established, and those who participated in operations on foreign lands have a disastrous health condition. Women with the age of fewer than 40 years appear to face more hurdles than civilian peers. From 2003-2011 collected data through a national survey in the reputed sources. 1 in 5 women met severe cases of mental health and cost around six billion US dollars.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is related to lost productivity and traumatic injury from 591 million to 910 million. The major driver according to the analysis is mortality which is often resulted from suicide. Half of those who sought medical care received minimally adequate treatment in care centers of Oahu. The adoption of intervention which is evidence-based with better and positive outcome could potentially save the one billion US dollars. Through the decrease suicide rates and increased productivity. The finding of RAND unfolded that physical wounds of war are commonly seen by many but recognizing the major depression and PTSD is difficult for many. Effects of poor mental health are not understood properly, and it led to an ambitious effort to fill the gap and conducted comprehensive research of post-deployment.

The vibrant needs of veterans reflected that more than two thousand individuals are suffering from intense mental depression (Love et al., 2015). The telephone survey illustrates that these veterans should be given professional services for their recovery and adjustment in the society. Various gaps were identified by the finding like the individuals that had not sought help from mental health provider and physician. Half of them require medical intervention for adequate resolution of their mental health. The adoption of medical treatment can save the amount of 2 billion with one thousand per returning veteran on average. Through the reduced numbers of suicides and increased productivity, there is a large gap between the need for mental health service and the use of those services.

Key findings of the data collected analyzed structural factors like low availability of providers and high time for the wait. Cultural, personal and institutional factors are a critical aspect for many veterans. The patients expressed their concerns as well as negative remarks which concerned for using mental health service. The military career of more than two thousand individuals is negatively affected. They had multiple recommendations for the delivery of evidence-based care and estimated care that would be paid in two years approximately. Finding included the suicide rates after the 9/11 were increased as the US military women from Oahu find no option to live in a civil society. The army and Marnie corps have similar rates that consist of more than ten thousand females. Since the military personnel is younger and they are comprised of male members.

Across the assessment of the needs, the most common factors for mental health were the PTSD and depression. Events of war anywhere in the world are not meant for healthy activities rather bloody scenes contribute for the anxiety of female veterans (Weinrich et al., 2016). Various examinations of depression ratios are estimated up to 40 to 60 percent. The reasons for the discrepancies are due to the differences and measurement of multiple symptoms of the clinical diagnostician. Certain subgroups of the veterans have issues of mental health. Women are more likely to report the problems of mental health than their male, and same is the case with younger who are not emotionally strong than the old warriors (Weinrich et al., 2016). Among the major key findings of collected data, various needs assessment found that employment is also a big issue.

The need for employment is identified as a critical element in the civilian sector, and more than 50 percent are fail to adjust themselves in the civil community. Lack of employment option is more common in younger women than older adults. The element of unemployment has impacted negatively for the subgroups of veterans and especially for those who served in combat zones. They appear to have more issues than those who served in other capacities, and younger individuals experience the complex position while transforming from the active duty to civic duty. Racial aspects are prevalent as the US community is based on a diverse society where members of white have fewer chances to remain unemployed. Blacks or other ethnicities are more likely to be unemployed than the whites and women report lower rates of jobs than males.

Some of the gender gaps are explained in the finding of previous secondary research. Similarly, the issue of housing affects around one-third of veterans that are females, and they are comprised of only two percent. Accommodation is listed as a need of veterans especially those females who have no husband or individual that can support them (Weinrich et al., 2016). According to the center for veteran affairs, the rates of home ownership are high, and it affects one-third population of women in Oahu. Need for the housing is more pronounced than for racial and ethnic groups because of unemployment. Sexual military trauma and other mental health issues are due to the vulnerable group. These individuals have to fail chronic disease management, mental health services, and needing dental care.

Barriers are reported for homeless women as compared with other veterans. The services are turned as non-VA related agencies and coordination of agencies is term as important (Weinrich et al., 2016). Personal factors can facilitate the barriers to a willingness of veterans for seeking the care. Convenience and the challenges are the challenges for various OND (Operation New Dawn), OIF (Operation Iraqi Freedom) and OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom). Further, the lower percentage of non-veterans and those who use mental health need live within 30 miles of their areas and caring facility. Personal problems range from 45 percent to 73 percent and in a drive of 45 minutes in Oahu these veterans need their health facility. It is not easy to get the nearest facility for social needs.

Public transportation is used as a vibrant tool for the movement of disabled Americans veterans. Chronic pain is linked with the mode of receiving care by 45 percent who responded that they would likely use the online sources. Telephone or mobile cell is consumed by 44 percent of female veterans who are obtaining mental health care. Several mature women use the state of art facilities along with scientifically updated practices to remain the fit, kind and socially active citizen of Oahu (Weinrich et al., 2016). They address their common issues through self-respect and self-management. These women are less than 5 percent of a total number of individuals and workforce or physical infrastructure affect both the access to care and quality of the care experience by a patient.

Step 5: Setting Priorities and Creating an Action Plan

Based on the finding, research and the work done by scholars in this assessment project the plan of action and preferences will significantly incorporate the veteran women of Oahu. First of all, it is essential to acknowledge the services provided by females in the war zones of Iraq and Afghanistan. The allocation of an amount for Hawaii in the financial year of 2018 was estimated 3 to 4 million US dollar where the ten percent will be reserved for administrative costs. Further the amount of 15 percent will be calculated for the rehabilitation services for those who have increased mental health issues (Weinrich et al., 2016). Clinical therapies and psychological counseling will be anticipated in the program at affordable prices. Through the effective coordination with stakeholders and the federal government increase amount will be selected for the current plan to avoid any restriction or interruption in the project.

The evaluation of the past projects is important, and it will be done through the administration of state and regional authorities. Pros and cons of those packages will effectively put the individuals use funds appropriately. The working group will incorporate the public and private sector along with agencies with specific needs and preferences. General notification will serve through the newspaper and other publications. Eighteen percent of National Guard and 14 percent of active duty forces are now women. Same is the ratio of veteran women which was 2 percent in 1960 and 1970. Nature of warfare place women in hostile battlespace with an ever increasing number and they have options of direct-fire combat with armed forces. They are facing injuries similar to the male counterparts both in complexity and severity.

With the collaborative outreach efforts led by center for women veterans, there will be awareness campaigns and benefits or the services to the women veterans. Similarly, a cultural transformation will be part of a plan, and it will address the specific needs. The state government, organizations for women welfare and the federal department will be the key stakeholders, and their consensus is vital to generate a single plan of action (Weinrich et al., 2016). There is strength in taking various views from different parties and trying to achieve the set priorities. After the consensus of the veterans, there will be the analysis of feedback and interviews to accomplish the problem through effective coordination and administration. There will be some advising and counseling sessions with the affected families for actualizing the ground situation. Decisions will be made according to the feedback and consensus build by the stakeholders.

There is a big challenge of managing the information and the ideas that are obtained through research and interviews (Hawkins & Crowe, 2018). Processing the ideas into practical shape is often difficult during the priority setting time. Various elements need to be considered while setting the priorities. Veterans in Oahu will be the priority than their male counterparts and those who are injured after deployment in war zone areas. Further, the health care facilities like the mental, social and physical aspect are the particular factors that cannot be separated from these women. Key information available before the decisions will be given due importance because it is comprised of an interview and personal feedbacks. A balanced approach will be adopted in analyzing the information or knowledge obtained through research to make it convenient that everything should be tackled professionally and in due course of time.

Physical therapy would likely be involved in response to resolving patient issues and with the deadline of no more than a year issue would be set accordingly. Major stakeholder of the plan would be governor of Oahu and Secretary Department of veteran affairs because both are the key persons that can properly implement the ideas and information. Reporting of the veteran women along with the observation and collection of information through organizational setting provides evidence that complications of women should be countered effectively (Hawkins & Crowe, 2018). Precedent and priorities are important to be considered in the structural changes. Through the open and cultivated communication among the key stakeholders, the issue of veterans’ women can be solved professionally. Coordination and cooperation are again essential to streamline the process of institutions.

Step 6: Sharing the Findings

Women in the United States have a tremendous role in the different field of life. After the revolution, they served in various units of armed forces like Army Nursing Corps. According to the code of conduct, there is no distinction between male and females (Schmelzer et al., 2018). The lesson that is learned from this research is that female veterans should be given equal right and acknowledgment. Benefits are always not equal for females as they are still considered as a weaker entity of any class in the 21st-century postmodern era. There is a gender disparity which begins during the time of the 1980s and 1990s. US Department of veteran affairs has tried to fill the gap through rigorous efforts and various actions. The administration announces multiple benefits including the allowances and special packages, but there is a need for more as those who come back from war zone areas are devastating their life.

Nothing is more precious than life and to acknowledge this for veteran women of Oahu, there should be better access to services and benefits. After the years of 2011, the progress for women development is slow both in service and out of service females of Oahu. The advisory committee in 2011 recommends childcare health and quality services for veterans. Various medical centers are also recommended for the progressive lifestyle of women in the US society. National call center for women is a case in point. More research project and assessments are also required to find out the gaps in the subject under consideration (Schmelzer et al., 2018). The present research finds the link between combat rated trauma and adverse mental health outcomes are well established, and those who participated in operations on foreign lands have a disastrous health condition.

Women with the age of less than 40 years appear to face more hurdles than civilian peers. From 2003-2011 the data collected through a national survey in the reputed sources. 1 in 5 women faced severe cases of mental health with cost of six billion US dollars. Post-traumatic stress disorder is related to lost productivity and traumatic injury from 591 million to 910 million (Schmelzer et al., 2018). The major driver according to the analysis is mortality which is often resulted from suicide. Half of those who sought medical care received minimally adequate treatment in care centers of Oahu.

Conclusion

Concluding the discussion women veterans of Oahu have sacrificed a lot in discharging their duties in the non-traditional career. The center for women veterans was established to review the programs and services with certain benefits. At percent, there is fifteen percent of the women actively serving in various section and branches of armed forces. In this regard, six major steps were discussed for planning and conducting a community assessment to find out gaps and limitations. A systematic action plan will effectively serve and processed to wipe out these gaps in the future.

References

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