Mini Project 2

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Social World of Sport

Sport in a society is an instrument to bring people together. It is just not a social event, where people come together; instead, it turns out to be a place, where one can exchange views, which results in the amalgamation of different thoughts. What qualifies, sports to become a social event- or a social institution is its physical aspect of being recorded and seen at a particular time and place. Therefore, it conforms to every definition of a social event. There are some intangible attributes of sports also. For example, sports can be observed, it can be experienced, research and ideas are part of the sports, and finally, sometimes it happens in series. This all credits it for being a social phenomenon too. In sociology, one studies such as social behavior and analyze how actually things qualify for being social events or social phenomena’s. Sociology also encompasses sports, where we study it in a specific manner, I.e., Sports. When people compete with each other, they fight for a single objective; their goals are different- only here one can study the impact of sports as being the part of Sociology.

Sports is studied under Sociology as a part of this literature. In this one studies the relationship between sports and society ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"5B7wDmQx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cashmore)","plainCitation":"(Cashmore)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":102,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/WTWRJP7J"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/WTWRJP7J"],"itemData":{"id":102,"type":"book","title":"Making sense of sports","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Cashmore","given":"Ellis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Cashmore). If one needs to observe, how a sport is related to sociology, this can be done in many ways. For example, one can look behind and see the standards of a society, through which it differentiate between a real event and an imaginary event. Sports qualifies for being a real event, and no images of such reactions can be formed. It can also be done if one analyzes the perspective of others. As like many researchers of sociology do. But, in doing this, things could turn unending. Like one can never analyze, others reaction by simply looking towards him. If one is unable to quantify feelings, it becomes not worthy at all. According to Jay Cockley, Media becomes a fundamental aspect of the sport- as it is a specific vehicle to analyze values and the symbols in a particular gathering of people, as media projects it all ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"h884N4lV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Coakley)","plainCitation":"(Coakley)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":99,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/SHMDBQF3"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/SHMDBQF3"],"itemData":{"id":99,"type":"article-journal","title":"Media coverage of sports and violent behavior: An elusive connection","container-title":"Current Psychology","page":"322–330","volume":"7","issue":"4","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"Media coverage of sports and violent behavior","author":[{"family":"Coakley","given":"Jay"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1988"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Coakley). According to Coakley, sports effects every aspect of our living. He concludes this, by analyzing sport as a synthetic phase. He puts cultural analysis procedure to study the effect of sports in a social world ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qW5ZrHQj","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Coakley and Pike)","plainCitation":"(Coakley and Pike)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":101,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/T2N9PU94"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/T2N9PU94"],"itemData":{"id":101,"type":"article-journal","title":"Sport in society: Issues and controversies","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"Sport in society","author":[{"family":"Coakley","given":"Jay J."},{"family":"Pike","given":"Elizabeth"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Coakley and Pike). This reading is based on his experience of how he sees sports as an aspect of culture in the US. He has explained by referring to major events of sports and identifies how sports is a cultural complex in the US.

Another main aspect of Coakley’s readings are the understandings of social organizations, social interactions, and some key sociological concepts. He observes these all within a sport setting. Cokaley has considered joy, sorrow, craziness, violence, and success all as being associated with sports. ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"5klqINdw","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Coakley and Pike)","plainCitation":"(Coakley and Pike)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":101,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/T2N9PU94"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/T2N9PU94"],"itemData":{"id":101,"type":"article-journal","title":"Sport in society: Issues and controversies","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"Sport in society","author":[{"family":"Coakley","given":"Jay J."},{"family":"Pike","given":"Elizabeth"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Coakley and Pike). Particularly he describes show violence is part of some sports, and not others. In these chapters, he also considers how some sociologists consider violence patterns as part of an essential ingredient of sports. Therefore, according to many sociologists, the restructuring of the patterns of sports is essential to eliminate violence from sports ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"eVY7uF6G","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Topi\\uc0\\u269{})","plainCitation":"(Topič)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":98,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/7SPNM9JT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/7SPNM9JT"],"itemData":{"id":98,"type":"book","title":"Sport, culture & society: an account of views and perspectives on social issues in a continent (and beyond)","publisher":"University of Ljubljana, Faculty of sport","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"Sport, culture & society","author":[{"family":"Topič","given":"Mojca Doupona"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Topič). For them, the evolution of culture is necessary, and it will continue to change its perception towards individuals. Therefore, they opine that it cannot be the culture or any social setting that must be changed; rather, the pattern of sports must be according to a certain environment to eliminate violence. For the, doing this can hurt many, as some individual drive their earnings by inflicting an ingredient of violence in sports. This causes not immense damage but an element of joy. Among such individuals are psychologists because they consider violence an essential part of any kind of cultural settings.

Observing the Indian Primer League as a social world

Cricket has been played for centuries. There happened to be diverse changes in the game of cricket. With time it evolved from a test series to one day, then to T-20, and at present, some franchises hold the T-10 league as well. Similarly, there are cricket boards all around the world, which holds matches between their countries and looks for the financial, economic and such other aspects of cricket. The Indian Premier league inaugurated in 2008, has still yet held more than ten editions. The IPL is held on a franchise system as like many sports are held in the US. The Indian Cricket Board owns the infrastructure, which it lends to the franchise owners. These franchise choose players from a pool system that minimizes the chances of any ill attempt in hiring a player. The funding for the IPL is generated through the rights-based system, for which the Cricket Board in India lends rights to many companies.

At present, there are more than six sponsors of this event, which generally have outreach in all over India, and to the external world also. During the second edition of the IPL in 2009, the IPL sponsorship declined to a considerable extent because of a global economic recession. To cater to this, many rights for the advertisements were sold to advertisers who cater to the maximum budget of the IPL in 2009. This shows that sponsors get attached to the events which involve excitement, fun and moreover the healthy participation of many people. Many much people watch the IPL matches in the ground and much more watch this at their screens at home, which shows how much any sporting event is favored by the people around the world. They, therefore, adopt as a kind of same feelings for a specific team, and likewise, they are going through the same experiences at a time.

Sport is recognized for its significance in most societies - culturally, economically and

Politically - and this has increased the demand for qualified specialists who are able to provide

Knowledge and advice which can explain and predict the relationship between sport and social

Realities, events, and issues. Sociologists of the sport are increasingly involved in a range of state, non-governmental, and industrial initiatives and policies covering areas as diverse as increasing participation rates, the benefits, and risks to the health of various forms of sporting physical activities, and the role of sport in the economy. The IPL event shows how it is important to get an understanding of the modern world.

Without knowing the role of IPL (in this case) and the social gatherings of people in these matches, it will become difficult to analyze the rungs of sports and its impact on society. During the last decade, the IPL has added much to the economy of the world. People are concerned about their money in the international markets, therefore, become anxious for the results in the IPL. It has impacted on the social relationships among the Indian community also. For example, before the advent of IPL, Indian people supported their national team. But after the IPL team division, the Indian community shares a different opinion about sports. Throughout the year, they view their relations in the context of this sport event. Considering it through a sociological lens, it becomes apparent how IPL has globalized the economy of India. The IPL has made a strong case for India, to hold the World cup and many such other mega events. This case study of the IPL shows the potential in a sport for transforming economies of countries and the world and for regenerating political enthusiasm among people. This sociology in the sport makes us know, forecast and ultimately influence sports in societies.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Cashmore, Ellis. Making Sense of Sports. Routledge, 2005.

Coakley, Jay. “Media Coverage of Sports and Violent Behavior: An Elusive Connection.” Current Psychology, vol. 7, no. 4, 1988, pp. 322–330.

Coakley, Jay J., and Elizabeth Pike. Sport in Society: Issues and Controversies. 2009.

Topič, Mojca Doupona. Sport, Culture & Society: An Account of Views and Perspectives on Social Issues in a Continent (and Beyond). The University of Ljubljana, Faculty of sport, 2008.

Minor Essay

RUNNING HEAD: DURKHEIM

Modern societies and Durkhem

Student name

[Name of the Institution]

Introduction

Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist who contributed much towards society and social interaction. In conjunction with Karl Marx and Max Weber, he was the prime originator of modernity. His most of the work was related to maintenance of integrity and consistency in the era of modernity. As a functionalist, he viewed society as a whole and laid stress over the interconnectivity of all elements of society. According to him, society is a living organism that for its proper functioning requires the effective role of each part. Therefore, there must be strong ties among people in society for social integration. There must be social solidarity as a result of social bonds and interchanges. In the absence of these factors there comes the social disintegration in the society. Moreover, he used his concept of division of labour to show the change of society from traditional to modern. This essay will discuss the views of Emile Durkheim regarding the pre-modern and modern societies and the elements that disintegrate these societies. There will be also discussion about the new problems that modern societies are facing in the context of his theories.

As a functionalist, he emphasized the need for societal equilibrium for the proper functioning of societies. If the social order and flow system are disturbed due to any factor, society should adjust itself to get a stable state again. Durkheim was an eye witness of the late 19th century. He showed his apprehension in his book “The Division of Labour in Society” about social disintegration in modern society. These apprehensions were responding to Auguste Comte views. Thus, the turbulence during the late 19th century was the result of the division of people in the society as they were growing in number. Their growth made things complex and this decreased the social solidarity in society. He used his concept of social solidarity to understand the difference between pre-modern and modern societies.

According to him, there are two types of social solidarity; mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity functions as glue and fastens individual of the society. This is the characteristic of traditional societies that have a limited division of labour. The limited division of labour is the result of shared emotions that people had due to the same nature of tasks. Accordingly, pre-modern societies were harmonized and consistent that had people having same race, traditions as well as education. This presence of consistency required only a few specialised industries and jobs. Moreover, due to the fewer population societies were small having few machines and were mostly depending upon local resources. Likewise, there was less economic production due to a few specialised occupations (Bulgaru, 2019). As people were less and knew each other, they established mechanical solidarity. However, this solidarity was threatened in the late eighteenth century as a result of the rise of industry and its expansion. This expansion affected the nature of social networks. These networks were required for the cohesion of society. When these started weakened, then people were disintegrated and societies were shifted from one form to another.

On the other hand, organic solidarity is the characteristic of modern societies having extremely developed division of labour. This division of labour is due to the mutual dependency of people as the result of the mutual needs of people in society. Durkheim also criticized considering the technical conditions for the division of labour and did not accept it as a natural condition. When there are changes in natural conditions in societies, then there emerged the need for division of labour. For example, when there are more and more people, a need for specialization arises leading to the division of labour. This division of labour is also responsible for determining the type of solidarity ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Pp27S8XU","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Johnson et al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Johnson et al., 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":160,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/2PEBXT8V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/wY2D8D5E/items/2PEBXT8V"],"itemData":{"id":160,"type":"article-journal","title":"Legal origin and social solidarity: the continued relevance of Durkheim to comparative institutional analysis","container-title":"Sociology","page":"646-665","volume":"51","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Johnson","given":"Phil"},{"family":"Brookes","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Wood","given":"Geoffrey"},{"family":"Brewster","given":"Chris"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Johnson et al., 2017). For example, modern societies are heterogeneous have people with different races, traditions as well as education levels. When needs increase, there emerge more and more industries to fill those needs and needs of the society as a whole. Therefore, social patterns in the society are the source of industrialization. Same happened during the mid-1700s in Europe and societies transformed from traditional to modern. The eighteenth century can be witnessed for technological inventions that brought industrial revolution. These technological inventions changed people’s living style and moved the industrial societies towards information societies.

Conclusion

There is a need for some deviance in societies that can bring changes in societies. Even, if there are only saints in societies then this deviance can come from any means leading to bring social change (Tiryakian, 2016). Emile. Durkheim was born in the period of modern change and predicted the presence of autonomy and productivity in modern societies along with distortion of social ties. When he was young France faced a Franco-Prussian was during 1870-1871. He spent his all efforts in finding the reasons of social solidarity that he considered the cause of modernity. His main point regarding the social changes was the increase in human population density. When there are more and more people, the competition among them increases. They then need specializsed activities to fulfil their needs. This act as a change factor and societies are moved from traditional to modern due to less solidarity. With his work, he also rejected the idea of the emergence of technology and the establishment of modern societies.

Today societies are information societies due to the presence of the latest technology and its use. These modern societies of today are known as information societies. Thus, information societies are depending upon the high level of development of information and telecommunication technologies. All the occupations of people and their needs are also related to information technologies. With this, these societies also have less solidarity as people are less depends upon them. Individualism is the characteristic of today’s societies. This is more evident in European countries that have less social ties among society members. These are also the result of the transition of their society from modern to the information society. Now, the nature of business is different for people and there is no need for mutual cooperation in society. This is causing different issues to emerge in society. For example, due to more trends towards individualism now people are suffering from different mental health issues. There is now more depression in the society and suicide rates have also increased to the alarming level (Clegg, Cunha and Rego, 2016). Furthermore, with the weakness in the social ties, there are now fewer concepts of family and family relations. The concept of the extended family has almost ended in European countries. All the problems of the modern world can be addressed with the functionalist perceptive of Emile Durkheim who laid stress over the presence of integration in the society.

References

Bulgaru, I.M., 2019. Theoretical and methodological implications in the socio-pedagogical conception of Émile Durkheim. Dynamics.

Clegg, S., Cunha, M.P.E. and Rego, A., 2016. Explaining suicide in organizations: Durkheim revisited. Business and Society Review, 121(3), pp.391-414.

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Johnson, P., Brookes, M., Wood, G., Brewster, C., 2017. Legal origin and social solidarity: the continued relevance of Durkheim to comparative institutional analysis. Sociology 51, 646–665.

Tiryakian, E.A., 2016. Emile Durkheim and Social Change. For Durkheim (pp. 81-86). Routledge.

Money & Happiness

Money and happiness

A practical measure of human well-being is life satisfaction. Money and happiness have strong correlation because people assume that having more wealth exhibits a higher likelihood of happiness. Hedonism theory considers happiness as a subjective feeling. It states that happiness means maximization of pleasure and minimization of pain. People who are in less pain appear to be happier compared to the people who are in more pain. Hedonism has close relevance to Bentham's theory of utilitarianism that indicates that happiness depends on the maximization of utility. desire theory defines happiness as one's ability to fulfil wants. Pleasure has a strong correlation with wants. According to this theory, money can buy happiness because people have resources for buying things they like. This indicates a positive relationship between money and happiness. Wealthy holds the capacity of fulfilling wants (Bruckner 2013). On the other hand poor lack the financial capacity of buying what they want that causes unhappiness. Fulfilment of a desire leads to happiness irrespective of the amount. One’s desire to earn money is influenced by the feeling of happiness.

My personal happiness is linked to money because whenever I feel the urge of getting something it depends on my buying capacity. In a situation of extreme thirst I attain satisfaction only when I manage to buy a cold drink that involves a feeling of pleasure. Similarly, I relate my happiness with money because I have goals like buying a car, home and living a good life. All these things have a direct impact on happiness and depend on money. In situations when I am unable to fulfil my want due to lack of financial capacity I experience dissatisfaction and unhappiness. I believe that "Once we get our foot in the door with some temporal thickness to desire satisfaction and the associated well-being” (Xiao, Tang, & Shim 2009).

Considering my situation I have financial goals that are linked to my state of happiness.

In my family happiness is linked to financial goals because most of our material desires depend on money. We visit different places for fun, that is linked to satisfaction and pleasure. Without money, we cannot visit places or do things that demand money. Similarly, on events like Christmas out celebrations are directly linked to finances. We can only buy presents and organize a party when we have money. This reflects the practical implications of the desire theory. Our desires for having a better lifestyle are correlated with money (Xiao, Tang, & Shim 2009).

My friends follow the same notion that happiness depends on money. This is because in youth we desire many things like a personal car, expensive cell phone and credit cards that come from money. Everyone in my circle has dreams like earning money for a better future and lifestyle. This confirms the positive relationship between money and happiness. People who manage to fulfil their want get the feeling of satisfaction and pleasure. Compared to them, some of my friends who lack the financial ability for buying a cell phone of a tabled exhibits dissatisfaction and unhappiness. Friends having money are more well-off compared to the ones that lack money.

Three things that I will buy from a lottery are; a house, car and tickets for a world tour. I could afford these things only when I have money. These desires have a direct association with happiness because they evoke the feelings of pleasure and satisfaction (Boyce, Daly, & Hounkpatin 2017). Without money, I can't buy these things that exhibit an inability to attain wants thus resulting in dissatisfaction.

References

Boyce, C. J., Daly, M., & Hounkpatin, H. O. 2017. Money May Buy Happiness, but Often So Little That It Doesn't Matter. Psychological Science, 28 (4).

Bruckner, D. W. 2013. Present Desire Satisfaction and Past Well-Being. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 91 (1).

Xiao, J. J., Tang, C., & Shim, S. 2009. Acting for Happiness: Financial Behavior and Life Satisfaction of College Students. Soc Indic Res, 92, 53–68.

Money Media And Politics In Sports

Name of Student

Name of Professor

Name of Class

Day Month Year

Sports influenced by money, media and politics:

There could be seen various activities that are used by personal fitness and entertainiment, but sports have become one of the most attention catching and demanded activities that people want to see. Traditionally, sports were important for staying physically and mentally healthy. Taking a look, the present scenario, it won’t be wrong to say concept of sports has been changed over time. Though the benefits are the same that people were getting since but today, people became more passionate about sports. Sports has become a source of fame, money and attention at international level (Thorson,et,al,2018). Sports has become a source of the recognition of a country on international that’s why almost every country has its teams in various sports. For example, Brazil, France, Spain are an many other countries are having their foot teams that have become the source of attraction for the who world. With the increasing importance of sports, it has been witnessed that there are certain elements that re-interfering. It has been seen that media, money and political influence are reshaping sports. Sports used to be simple and entertaining only but now tings and circumstance have been changed as now it has become much more than a sport. Veritably, starting from the local youth leagues straight to the international level platforms.

Taking a look at political interference in sports, it could be said that sports is being as a mean for developing social and political relation with other countries. Use of politics in sports could be witnessed from both perspectives i.e. positive as well as negative. Sports competitions are arranged with the attention, to bring a change in various circumstance. Sports are being used for producing great influence and big money. Media is playing a significant role in thinking it more popular at both national and international level. One of the greatest examples of the media role in sports is Olympic as it is now used as a diplomatic soured. Media coverage of cricket, football and many other sports on almost every country’s national channel could be used as an evidence that supports media influencing sports. Mass media has become the central nervous system of the society. Media is tremendously influencing sports in terms of generating revenue by providing free advertisement and publicity. According to P.A.L. Oshani, media of both types i.e. print as well as electronic are covering sports. According to the research since 1950s, television started reporting about the sports and its (media) over sports continued till date (Oshani,et,al,2015). According to Oshani, 20th century could be claimed as the century of advancement as internet opened new ways for the publicity of sports. there are predictions that maybe in the near future

Influence of media on sports could be witnessed by keeping this factor in consideration that media is trying its best to reach as many fans, spectators and consumers as possible because more publicity means more revenue. Both types of spectators need to stay updated about the sports events taking place. According to woods, direct spectators are those who attend lice sport events at arena, stadium and other venue. More direct spectators for live sports means, more revenue would be generated and for gathering more viewers, publicity is important for which media has become the only tool. On the other hand, indirect spectators also need a source so that they could have the details of the events they are interested in. Indirect spectators, use television and radio for listening and watching their favorite and now people use internet for having access to sports. It won’t be wrong to the with technological advancement, internet is becoming the first choice for having latest updates regarding any sports, and different websites are competing for wining more consumers. According to Nazemi and Khoshemeher, media impacted views how players are being viewed by the spectators are fans. Professional spectators mainly depend on media for their survival. Media’s influence could be seen as popularity of players among the spectators is also determined by taking a look at the media, which player is more popularity among people. Media (electronic and print) has been a guarantee for producing revenue and interest for sports.

Another major element that is influencing sports is money, more advertisement of a sport would be done, more people would show interest in it. Influence of money on sports could be witnessed by taking a look at the ratio of sponsorships regarding a sport. According to Teach, now days, sports has become an entertainment industry as billions of dollars are being invested on it. Sports is no more just a sport now as it has become gambling. Favorite and popular player among spectators are being offered more and more money for playing in a certain team. For example, Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi etc.

According to Gillis, money has become the most influential factor for attracting the top rank players. Owners of various team, bid for getting best players in their team that increases the popularity of that team among both direct and indirect spectators. Bidding in sports is one of the most evident examples of influence of money on sports. According to a research done by Freedom, in 1970s David Beckham was the player who earned more than 48 million when role of media was limited. Sports has become all about money now, if more would be spending on a team, more popularity that team would get and that team come in the ranking of favorite teams. Advertisements and sponsorships show how important money has become in the field of sports.

According to Chien-Yu Lin, relationship between politics and sports could be viewed as one of the most persuasive and enduring examples of society’s impact on sports. Research of many experts show that at present, sports and political has become inseparable. Politics influences sports as Horne claims that sports involve rules that are derived from the real world. Politically usable resources are provided by sports (Seippel,et,al,2018). Political figures are concentering more on improving their sports as for them sports have become an important element factor for promoting nation-building and making a positive image of a country globally. According to Allison, the idea of sports existing “below or above politics” is no more there in today’s world. Undoubtedly, sports are playing an important role in national, international and transnational politics. Many researches have been done that claims, states manipulated sports for achieving their political intentions and also for maintaining their political power.

The political perception of sport as an element on the fabric of the welfare state was confirmed in the 1975, White Paper, Sports and Recreation, which is one of the few attempts by government to provide a comprehension philosophy of sport and recreation….

This fact cannot be denied that governments intervene in sports affairs assist the political intentions and goals. These perceptions are derived from both domestic and international perspectives. Taking a look at the history, it has been witnessed that sports provide opinions and opportunities for political opposition. For example, during the period of Japanese oppression in Korea, Koreans promoted the concept of sport team building for fighting back against political hegemony and Japanese culture. Sports team are being for various political purposes, for example, during the apartheid period, many sports team visited South Africa who provided a political opportunity to the people of South Africa for raising their voice against whatever happened to them. It has been seen that countries are coming close to each other by organizing various sports events. Initially, sports are being used as a tool for brining certain countries close, later political intentions are revealed. Another main evidences of influence of politics on sports could be seen by taking in consideration example of Olympics. Olympics are organized in various countries for giving each country a reason to brining people of other countries closer.

Taking a look at the above discussion, it could be promulgated that tis fact cannot be denied that at present there are various factors are shaping and reshaping sports. Few of the most important factors that are influencing sports are media, money and politics (Binde,et,al,2019). Many researches have been done on this subject and claims and evidences provided by various experts prove that money, media and politics are casting great impacts on the sports. Evidences show that sports were never important as it is present world. Sports is becoming more and more popular in world and the only reason behind its increasing popularity is that the above mentioned three factors (media, money and politics) are influencing it in various ways. Media, money and politics are influencing sports in both positive as well negative sense but commonly experts and researchers believe that there are more positive impacts of media, money and politics on sports.

Work Cited:

Binde, Per, and Ulla Romild. "Self-reported negative influence of gambling advertising in a Swedish population-based sample." Journal of gambling studies 35.2 (2019): 709-724.

Oshani, P. A. L. "Media and its impact on sport." (2015).

Seippel, Ørnulf, et al. "From political sports to sports politics: on political mobilization of sports issues." International journal of sport policy and politics 10.4 (2018): 669-686.

Thorson, Emily A., and Michael Serazio. "Sports fandom and political attitudes." Public Opinion Quarterly 82.2 (2018): 391-403.

Movie 1 Reaction Paper

Name

Course/Class

Facilitator

Date

Hoosiers Movie Reaction

The culture of the Indiana community enhances a great basketball culture. First, the community and the school accept an outsider to be the coach of the school’s team. The community is suspicious about outsiders, but they still give them an opportunity. Dale is given an opportunity to train the rural basketball team to greater heights. They trust the outsider and give him a chance to improve in his roles. Dale’s work at the new team does not start off well as he loses many of his games. In addition, he loses two of the team members towards the completion of a league. However, the people are patient with the coach as he tries to reorganize the team and even have the two estranged members back.

There are the spirit and culture of giving people a second chance (DeYoung & Lawrence 1995). Dale, the new coach of the rural team gets a second chance to train the basketball team. He had lost the first chance after hitting a college team member, as confirmed by Myra Fleener. Myra Fleener determines that Dale had lost the first opportunity of being a coach at college after he engaged in a fight with a player. However, she keeps the secret and allows Dale to have a chance to coach the team and therefore excel in his career. The first lost opportunity is something that Dale wishes not to remember as it cost him too much time before getting to the pitch. On his part, Dale also gives the two members who had left the team a chance to join the others in training. This ensures a reconciliation spirit among the team members, which enables them to do well in the competitions.

The people and the community are quite caring for each other. After the team performs poorly in the opening games, the sponsors hold a meeting to fire Dale as the coach. However, he gets some defense from the people around. Myra, the teacher, chooses not to reveal the reason why Dale had to be fired in the first assignment as a coach in college. She opts to give him a second chance to correct his mistakes and therefore assist the team to do better. In addition, one of the players, Jimmy Chitwood decides that he will not be part of the team if Dale would be fired from the team. Jimmy threatens to leave the team as soon as Dale leaves. This is an indication that the players of the team cared about the fate of their coach and therefore cared for him. This way, Dale is motivated to work harder and give the best for the second chance accorded to him.

The people and the community believe in teamwork. Dale takes up the role of a coach from a very unique direction. He does not allow some of the team members to shine on behalf of others. However, he supports the spirit of teamwork all through. He ensures that the players coordinate in all ways and that none of the players is considered better than the others. This motivates all the players, even those that are not good performers. In the end, every member of the team becomes actively involved in the game and gains the necessary skills. The entire team becomes strong enough to beat the other teams in the competitions.

The community around the area is compassionate about other people beyond games (DeYoung & Lawrence 1995). This is indicated by the involvement of Dennis Hopper as a shooter in the team. Dale determines that Dennis has a drinking problem and aims at assisting him to change his lifestyle. The aim of every action is taken towards giving people a second chance of life. The chance to play a shooter enables Dennis to become a big supporter of the team that his son plays for. The overwhelming support from the community gives the team the motivation to do their best and thus produce great results.

Works Cited

DeYoung, A. J., & Lawrence, B. K. (1995). On Hoosiers, Yankees and Mountaineers. Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdT_PiRLsaI

Movie Reaction Paper

Name of Student

Name of Professor

Name of Class

Day Month Year

I, Tonya and the Social Class

Introduction

This assignment is intended at describing a groundbreaking sports scandal between Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan—former figure skaters of late nineties. After watching biopic film, “I, Tonya”, perceived contributions of social system in Harding’s life will be analyzed and their causal relationship with her career and family life will be documented. First, a brief summary of this film will be presented for clarifying the semblance and roles of exclusive members belonging to her family and sports life. In the next section, the manifestation of socioeconomic status as a strong determinant of professional success and failure will be presented. The roles of family in shaping personality and professional success and failure will be defined afterwards. In the end, conclusion section will attempt to deduce meaningful inferences from the textual activity within a single paragraph.

Main body

Movie Summary

Film, “I, Tonya” written by Steven Rogers and directed by Craig Gillespie in 2017, is an American Biographical Dark Comedy revolving around the adverse circumstances of infamous figure skater—Tonya Harding. This film depicts the connection of Tonya Harding and her husband Jeff Gillooly with the Nancy Kerrigan—her skating rival (Olsen, 2017). This movie is based on the data obtained from the interview taken from Tonya Harding and her husband Jeff Gillooly. Hence, propounding the notion that it is exceptionally unreliable having biased; lopsided approach (Margot, 2018).

This movie encapsulates the illustration of her family life since she was 8 years old and was victimized by ill-mannered temperament of her mother LaVona towards her. She was compelled to leave her school and started skating as a full-time hobby (Emily, 2018). She god married to Jeff Gillooly and had abusive relationship with him. She belonged to a lower socioeconomic status, therefore, despite having excellent skating skills; she was lacking consideration from the authorities. On the other hand, her rival—Nancy Kerrigan belonged to a well-off family hence, it was quite easy for her to surpass Tonya in skating competitions (Peter, 2018).

“I, Tonya” revolves around a well-known condemnable attack on Nancy Kerrigan allegedly sponsored by her-then husband Jeff. This was because U.S. Figure Skating Championships 1994 was around in Detroit and both the ladies were about to appear in the competition. The personal involvement of Harding in this egregious and heinous delinquency was not evident but it incapacitated her career and self esteem so irreparably. Her name was strikingly conditioned with the infamous scandal in the sports history—more like a punch-line in famous film. It acted as an astringent chronicle for scandal.

In the movie “I, Tonya,” how does the concept of social class come into play?

Harding was grown up in a poverty-stricken, underprivileged and indigent family. Her appearance and clothing was the justified demonstration of her socioeconomic background—the crimped ponytail, superannuated and hand-made skating costume. With the exact appearance, she was having high morals and tried to be the part of immaculate ice queen that was quite effortless for Kerrigan to achieve.

In the movie scene, her outfits become matter of clash between her and her figure skating judges. This is because these were mostly homemade and she was lacking enough resources to get the designer costumes for her. She was wearing a pink costume over which his judges threatened her to eliminate her out of the competition. Story does not end here, despite enjoying the privilege of being first American women to accomplish triple axel stunt in competition, a wickedly executed, infamous and impertinently conceived attack on her rival—Nancy Kerrigan—in Olympics is associated with her existence, completely but awfully neglecting her legacy.

Moreover, despite her extraordinary abilities and worthy legacy, she never ever received rhapsodic and exuberant embrace from the associated authorities just because she was unable to befit their “half-baked” high-class socioeconomic standards. She was not given the scores that she deserved because she was not adhering to the figure that they were willing to project. These are the trivial rudiments of Harding’s story that this movie depicted intellectually; one of the key element of her miserable degeneracy, relatable beyond parsimonious figure-skating world.

Based on the above mentioned description, it is clearly evident that her poor social class made her to suffer a lot, acting as a barrier between her extraordinary excellence and success. This is how, socioeconomic status determines our lives!

Explain how social class contributed to both the success and failure of Tonya Harding as an athlete and as a person?

In my opinion, her social class did not add something constructive and commendable to her personal and professional life, career and reputation. The only contribution of social class was highly depressing and condemnable in nature. First, as a person, she suffered a lot from the ill-mannered temperament of her mother who did not allow her to continue schooling and aimed her to gain hankering reputation in skating—for altering their current financial remittance. Secondly, the treatment she acquired from the skating elites was more devastating than her mother’s intervention; her “white trash” eminence. It not only affected her personality but also damaged her professional legacy to the considerable extent.

To what extent is her success or failure due to the dysfunction of her family situation? Provide specific evidence from the movie to support your case.

As far as success in concerned, to some extent, her mother is responsible for that because she compelled her to leave her school and invest full time efforts to skating. She also administered Diane Rawlinson as her skating coach. She practiced hard and turned to be an excellent figure skater and America’s first women to perform triple axel stunt. Her family, on the other hand, nurtured her career failure as well; her husband was found guilty in sending death threats to her rival and two inept crooks were hired to attack Kerrigan after she completed her practice session at Detroit. Her husband spoke up in front of FBI about her involvement in the orchestration of attack. Although she avoided getting locked up in jail but underwent lifetime ban from participating in competitive figure skating events. In both the cases, her husband was found guilty and it led her career to an immense downfall—her career was doomed permanently. Besides this, her emotional wellbeing was quite deteriorated because she had abusive relationship with her mother and husband. Hence, involvement of her family was quite questionable here.

Conclusion

This assignment was aimed at describing a groundbreaking sports scandal between Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan—former figure skaters of late nineties. It was communicated that socioeconomic status adds much to the success and failure of a person as evident from the Harding’s life. It was demonstrated that she was intentionally tried to get banished from the elite-centered skating competitions due to her outdated appearance and skating costumes. Her family contributed more to the failure of her career; her husband orchestrated attacks on her rival but indirectly she was found guilty by FBA. Eventually, her career underwent terminal backsliding when judges executed lifetime ban on her from participating in competitive figure skating. In a nutshell, this assignment provided me with the opportunity of contemplating more realistic incorporation of socioeconomic status in the personal and professional lives of common people and public figures.

Works cited

Olsen, Mark (September 9, 2017). "'I, Tonya' blends humour and pathos at TIFF premiere with Margot Robbie as Tonya Harding". Los Angeles Times.

Emily Manning, (January 17, 2018). 'I, Tonya' sets figure skating to siouxsie & the banshees (and it works)". i-d.vice.com

Margot Robbies. 'I, Tonya' Reshoots Casting Call in Atlanta". Projectcasting.com.

Peter Gray, (January 25, 2018). "Director Craig Gillespie on Taking No Prisoners When Filming I, Tonya". The Iris. Iris.theAUreview.com

Music Analysis

Music Analysis

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the institution]

[Date]

Music Analysis

Introduction

Bullying is one of the leading social problems society has ever experienced, but unfortunately, they failed to overcome this societal issue. The problem of bullying still exists even today in schools, colleges, workplaces and social media where social interaction is made. Children from a very young age start experiencing this nightmare, and the pressure keeps on building on them until they become suicidal and can no longer bear the mental torture. The reason for studying the bullying as a social problem is because bullying is destroying the lives of the youth more rapidly than we can imagine. Thousands of cases are reported daily around the world where the victim committed suicide because he was unable to talk to anyone about the trouble he had to face every day. Media is known as one of the primary agents of socialization and has played a significant role in addressing the social issue like bullying in different ways. One of the main components of media is music that helps in targeting the most active group of the popular culture, i.e. youth and influence them in all the ways. Coincidently the issue of bullying is also widespread among youth, and therefore many songs are written and sung by famous singers recently to help the child overcome bullying. This paper aims to critically analyze the social issue of bullying concerning the lyrics in popular culture songs and to observe the ways used by the song lyrics to highlight this issue of bullying.

Discussion

There are many songs written in the past on this significant issue of bullying, although the context of each song was different than the other. Some songs were presented in response to the considerable suicidal incidents that moved the whole world, e.g. "Jeremy” Song (Vedder, 1992, track 6). A rock band named Pearl Jam sang the song. It was released in 1991, and the genre was hard rock. The reason behind the release of this song was a suicide committed by a 15-year-old boy named Jeremy who shot himself in Texas in front of his English class. After getting to know about this incident, the leader of the band decided to make his fans aware of the tragedy that happened because of bullying. The lyrics of the song tells the background of how Jeremy committed suicide (Vedder, 1992, track 6). The lyrics told the audience that how it was a harmless act to pick on him in the class daily but nobody knew that he was already in family stress. His sudden death shocked the world because nobody saw that coming. Violence was also shown in the song video to make the audience realize about the suffering of bully-victims.

Another song “Don’t Laugh at Me" was released which was also based on bullying; however, this song addressed the bullying in a different way (Shamblin & Seskin, 1998, track 6). This song was released in 1998 and was composed by Mark Wills from the album of “Wish you were here”. The genre of this song was country music. In the song, the singer chose a different style of addressing the youth by responding to the bully from the view of the little boy who wear glasses, a girl who is very depressed that she never smiles (Shamblin & Seskin, 1998, track 6). He sang the song from the conscious of all the bully victims having different backgrounds, ages and stories to tell. In the end, he says that the bully has no right to make fun of him, to laugh at him and to call him from different names. The song was a message for the society from the people who had problems, but society makes it hard for them to deal with their issues and makes them feel different and alienated.

In 2010, an 18-year-old boy committed suicide by jumping off the George Washington Bridge. Reason for his suicide was revealed to be his homosexuality. Similar incidents took place in the same month of September when four more teenagers took their lives for the same reason. They were all badly bullied for being gay. This issue soon raised national concern, and the gay teenagers started migrating from the U.S. A rock band named Rise against immediately released a song “Make it Stop” to address the society about the sensitivity of the matter (Rise Against, 2011, track 3). In the lyrics, the band continuously stated that this phenomenon of bullying gay people should be stopped as it is not a sin.

In the recent past, one more song was released in 2012 by the name of “Bully”. This song was sung by Shine down, an American rock band that mostly sings songs of hard rock genre (Shinedown, 2012, track 2). Instead of telling the victim experiences of being bullied, this band opted for the message of self-empowerment. The lyrics were motivational and inspirational that was aimed at giving hope to the people who are bullied. The words stated that the bully would eventually die and no one will cry for him due to his destructive actions (Shinedown, 2012, track 2). The song at the same time encourage the victims do not take the experience to heart and learn to strive back harder. This song was a super hit and topped the chart billboard of mainstream rock.

In 2014, singer Hunter Hayes debuted with a song “Invisible” having a country music genre (Hayes, Baker & Elam, 2014, track 5). He consoled in the song the school victims of bullying. He relieved them that they do not have to feel invisible and worthless and provoked them to become something more. Apart from this, a pilot study was conducted to observe the effect of background music on bullying in schools (Ziv & Dolev, 2013). It was revealed that when calm music is played in the background in the recess time, the chances of bully occurrence drops drastically and lowers the levels of arousal. Thus, it leads to a positive environment for learning and limits the aggressive behavior (Ziv & Dolev, 2013). Likewise, another research was done in public schools to check the impact of rap music on bullying, and the results showed that music could be used as a therapy to enhance the emotional self-regulation and positive behavior in the adolescents (Uhlig, Jansen & Scherder, 2017).

Conclusion

From the evidence found above the songs’ lyrics, it is explored that music plays a vital role in the transmission of moral values when it comes to issues like bullying. Music is mostly listened to by the youngsters; this group is the one who gets affected by the bullying the most. This is why many singers made different creative attempts to make young people realize about the harm and damage their actions may do to the victims. Some singers also helped the victims in taking a stand and becoming stronger. They supported the victims and informed them that they are not alone and should not feel worthless. Television is a significant source of songs that children and youngsters are exposed to and they learn a lot from the message shown on TV and in songs (Navarro, Bouzas, & Fernández-Lores, 2017). Therefore, this medium should be used for the meaningful purpose and to bring awareness about the bullying in the society.

References

Hayes, H., Baker, B. & Elam, K. (2014). Invisible [Recorded by Hunter Hayes]. On Storyline. Atlantic.

Navarro, G. M., Bouzas, D. G., & Fernández-Lores, S. (2017). THE SOCIAL ROLE OF TELEVISION AGAINST THE BULLYING. ANALYSIS OF MEDIASET'S CAMPAIGN" SE BUSCAN VALIENTES". Revista de Comunicación de la SEECI, 21(44).

Rise Against. (2011). Make it Stop [Recorded by The Blasting Room]. On Endgame. DGC.

Shamblin, A. & Seskin, S. (1998). Don’t Laugh At Me [Recorded by Mark Wills]. On Wish You Were Here [CD]. Mercury Nashville.

Shinedown (2012), Bully [Recorded by Cameron More Recording, Capitol Studios]. On Amaryllis [CD]. Atlantic.

Uhlig, S., Jansen, E., & Scherder, E. (2017). “Being a bully isn’t very cool…”: Rap & Sing Music Therapy for enhanced emotional self-regulation in an adolescent school setting–a randomized controlled trial. Psychology of Music, 0305735617719154.

Vedder, E. (1992). Jeremy [Recorded by London Bridge Studios]. On Ten [CD]. Epic. 1991.

Ziv, N., & Dolev, E. (2013). The effect of background music on bullying: A pilot study. Children & Schools, 35(2), 83-90.

My Sociological Autobiography

My Sociological Autobiography

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

My Sociological Autobiography

Introduction

All the societies in the world function under one humanly aspect, and that is socialization. Every individual in a society performs their own set of norms and values that help structure the individual along with the community itself. As for me, I have also had a different social identity which I would like to talk about in this essay. These social forces that are consistently surrounding us excitingly shape our lives. The choices which we intend to make or the experiences we go through leave a different impression or perhaps change our behavior or perspective towards certain things in life. The primary developmental stages which include emotional, mental, physical, and social cognitive shapes us into the person we are. Socialization merely states that a human thrives relentless to want or demand love, acceptance, respect, and interaction through necessary means. However, at times people often reflect on those pivotal moments that shape them into the person they become today.

Moments in Life

As I said earlier, moments if life is what matters the most as it shapes us into the person we are today. As for me, a simple Asian guy who spends most of his childhood life in Thailand found it challenging when confronted with different norms and values. As social forces are what shapes life experiences, I have been loved and cared the most by my parents and siblings. Being the eldest out of my siblings, I knew my parents expect a lot from me which I possibly could not meet up to. However, I did what I can and tried my best never to let my family down. Living in Thailand, where I was born and where I made tons of friends was probably the easiest I have ever felt. It was comforting at times as these were some of my happiest moments. My parents were very successful in their jobs, and we had a comfortable living. However, it all changed when my parents got a job in the United States, and they were told to move there.

Coming to the US at the age of seventeen, I realized that my norms and values are not the only things that might be holding me to myself even though I was brought up in a family that was free to choose its religion and social values although I had to learn those that were accepted by most of society (Demir, & Drentea, 2016). Learning English, for instance, was very difficult in the beginning but after going to a good high school in Chicago, It did not feel that hard. Job is a social force which changed my family's life experience including myself. Sociological theories, in general, are what change our perspective about the social world and how we view it. As far as I can say, I have only experienced three of them in my life so far. My life has mostly been functionalized as I underwent a massive transition from Asian culture to American or Western culture. I found it challenging to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium in the beginning.

Moreover, the political, economic, and cultural change in my life helped me learn new experiences and knowledge. Although, I was still confined to my religion and I intended not to adopt the Western culture as well no matter how influential it may seem. My parents often stressed more towards my wellbeing while my other siblings somehow felt inferior and less cared for. It made me feel as if my parents were too unfair at times as my siblings require and deserve equal attention and love as they do to me. My experiences in school and at work sometimes were cruel to say because I might have experienced racial discrimination. Similarly, at times there were conflicts between my society and the American one. As American society is mostly global and consist of all cultures, coming from Thailand it felt awkward being associated with so many races because I have always known only Asians my whole life.

For instance, feminism was more focused here as women were given equal rights as men, but where I come from this often created conflict as men were considered more prestigious in the hierarchical structure. My parents often regard work as a religion and taught us the same importance of understanding survival needs and making profits. The central conflict was the division of class between the rich and the poor. Thailand is famously known for having the most underprivileged and, but America, however, is more capitalized in terms of Marx's theory of conflict perspective. The symbolic interactionist perspective dealt with highlighting broad groups and institutions which influence the social world. Most of these institutions are part of American society. The social psychological dynamics of individuals was somewhat different from what I experienced in Thailand.

Moments of Impact

When I was twenty-five, my parents married me into a lovely wealthy family, someone they knew from their home town back in Thailand. Even though we did not grow up together, but being with Rachael made me feel like if we have always stayed together. Social institutions in life are what sets our social norms, and some of the most important institutions for me which brought a considerable change in my life can be identified as marriage, family, and work (Parboteeah, & Cullen, 2003). Even though I was not set out to do it all but I did what I had to, to make my parents and family proud. Becoming a doctor and graduating from a reputable university helped me get a job at a decent firm. As work has always been prioritized in my family, it was the time when I stepped into a professional career and helped build my family. My wife has always been incredibly supportive of me, and she has given all the love she can.

Even though I have always had love, no matter where I got it from, either family or friends, the love from my wife was special in some way. Her passion brought my siblings together and removed any boundaries which were being established when my parents ought to give me more. These institutions are what controlled and utilized much of my social energy and helped me build and recognize a productive social life (Grover, 2017). My wife has always been a motivating factor for me and so has my parents but seeing my siblings at first made me feel sad as they were not adequately or equally provided with the same social institutions which I was. These institutions in life helped me determine my kinship, legitimate use of power, transmitting knowledge, and making a relation to a considerable extent. Also helped me grow in all fields of social values and norms.

What Matters?

The reason why it is essential to understand how my individual life, in particular, was shaped by all the social forces is that it would help me understand why it matters and what are the implications. The connection between the experiences which I had in life with the social issues that I confronted helped me understand these social forces. Why it matters is because understanding these forces helped me survive in the social world and become something which I intend to be. If my parents would not be so loving and supporting, maybe I would have never become a doctor or receive the education that I got to reach this goal in my life. If I would have never got Rachael as my wife, maybe I would have never learned the value of true love and comfort which brought my family together. The support I got from my friends helped me learn the importance of friendship.

The implications that are presented while learning and going through these social experiences are those who change our values and norms. As for me, I did not change my culture or religion because of the transition which I experienced. However, I did face some unwanted experienced in life concerning my race, and these implications helped me understand the real value of my social norms. These implications and experiences helped me strengthen myself into becoming the person I am today. The one thing that I learned from my experience is that life is not always filled with happiness and wonder. There are times when I have been faced with challenges, and I have tried to overcome them by just trusting the people I know and doing what I do best. This idea has helped me cope up with the culture while maintaining my own and reflecting it on those who have always stayed close to me.

Conclusion

The aforementioned sociological autobiography serves as a life experience which consists of different social forces which shaped my life. It also demonstrates a deep understanding of three sociological theories and social institutions which consisted of my life. Moreover, the explicit connections between my private experiences and social issues have also been highlighted in this essay. Lastly, some implications are also presented by understanding these social forces.

References

Demir, T., & Drentea, P. (2016). Family as a Social Institution. Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 1-3.

Grover, S. (2017). Marriage, love, caste and kinship support: Lived experiences of Asian families in Thailand. Routledge.

Parboteeah, K. P., & Cullen, J. B. (2003). Social institutions and work centrality: Explorations beyond national culture. Organization Science, 14(2), 137-148.

MY STORY

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

Sociology

[Date]

My Story

Introduction

Juvenile delinquency refers to the participation of young children in illegal activities, and the age group is usually defined between 10-17. It also applies to those children who show a persistent behavior of malice and defiance, which are uncontrollable by parents and become the subject to legal action (Rutter and Giller, pp. 82). There are punishments and penalties for Juvenile who violate the rules and commit a crime. However, these procedures and regulations are different from those, which are defined for adult offenders.

As society is organized by standards and ethical codes of conduct, the violation of those codes of conduct is considered against the law. There are individuals including juveniles who are involved in violating those codes and standards of society. If these activities are not controlled, there would be an alarming situation for the communities. Starting from minor crimes, juveniles led to commit misconducts at a larger level. In that case, it becomes difficult for the society to smooth such actions later on. Juvenile Delinquency is looked over as a challenging issue for the whole society. There are many causes of the problem, and one of them is social interaction. Somehow, the social interaction with stubborn kids may influence their behavior. This term paper provides evidence for the involvement of a child from a good family into juvenile delinquency. It will reflect on the social interactions that influence the behavior of the child and lead him to get involve into illicit activities. Moreover, it also indicates the interactions with the juvenile who is involved in delinquency.

Discussion

A family is considered as the critical part of the life of a child. It has a significant role to play in developing the child's social and personal growth. Due to some forces in the family, a child develops anti-social behavior. When a family is unable to provide adequate support to the children during the period of dependency, they create a personality that goes against the social norms and values (Loeber and Stouthamer-Loeber, pp. 29-149). A child develops distrust, hostile or hatred behavior then the society blames the child for it instead of looking into the factors and influences.

There are multiple causes for a child to develop anti-social behavior and most of those factors are related to the family. When a family rejects or neglects a child, then he or she learns hatred, disrespect, and distrust (Meldrum et al., pp. 1623-1644). These factors have a more significant role in developing criminal behavior in a child. At the same time, a broken home can have a negative impact on sensitive children, and they find it difficult to conform to the social norms because of their personal experiences.

This is the story of a friend who is very close to me, and we have enjoyed our whole childhood together. He lives with his family in my neighborhood. We used to go to school together. An incidence I am going to discuss had happened when I was in 6th grade.

My childhood memories are amazing because of a friend. I have known him since Kindergarten. However, until the 3rd grade, he was very active in class and used to participate in all the activities actively. Over time, I felt a change in his behavior towards the class and sometimes, he would behave oddly with me. I felt the difference in his behavior, but I could not figure out what was happening in actual. I noticed that he started missing the classes and whenever he came in class he would come without his homework. Due to his behavior, I started disliking him and tried to make new friends. I was afraid that my teachers and classmates would despise me for remaining friend with him. However, I made new friends and moved on with my life but I always silently cared about him.

I would notice that he did not make any friends and he was seen alone in the school. Even after School, I did not see him coming to the playground near my house where we used to play. I was somehow curious about him, but after making new friends, I was happy with them. Maybe it was because of my age that I was not able to identify the actual story. However, due to his non-serious behavior, he could not make it to the next class. He remained in 3rd grade, and I was promoted to the 4th grade. After that, I would rarely see him at School. The days passed, and I reached 6th grade. He made it to 5th grade also. One day after school when I arrived at my home, I found my mother sitting with my friend. I shocked to see him with my mom. However, I was welcomed by my mother and my friend. I tried to read the faces of both. My mother seemed calm to me, but there were disappointment and shame on the face of my friend.

I forgot to mention that my mother is very supportive and sympathetic, she has this quality of philanthropy. I sat with them, and my mother was cheering him that it is okay, do not feel sorry for it. She continued “I can understand your situation and I want to help you”. There was an apology in my friend's eyes. He was continuously staring at me, and then my mom told him that she did not know about our friendship. Otherwise, she would not let me do this. It made me feel uncomfortable because I was not on the wrong side, but he was. I complained about the activities of my friend, and she responded that she knows everything about him. Then, she told me that she also know what I do not know about my friend. I was a bit surprised by my mother's point. However, she asked my friend to go to my bedroom and take some rest.

I did not like the way my mother told him to use my bedroom without my permission. When he was gone, my mother asked me to sit next to her, and she had something to tell me. She said to me that my friend had been into drugs from last two years. Initially, he used to smoke but then, he got into other drugs. His parents were unaware of it, and they did not notice even he insisted for more pocket money. He would get the money, but then my friend's mother noticed his son’s behaviour. She stopped giving him money that resulted in the stealing of money. He started stealing money from his mother’s purse that was not even noticed by her. When he got into other drugs, he needed more money. As a result, he started stealing money from the neighborhood. At that morning, my mother caught him stealing something from her room, and she had to stop him. Using her skills, she made him comfortable to sit with her and share his problem. Upon asking, she came to know about the whole story. She told me that his parents are not very supportive. They are having conflicts with each other, due to those disturbances he stayed away from home. He got into some bad company from the neighborhood, and they influenced him to get into drugs. Due to unavailability of money, they were unable to get stronger drugs. Therefore, they used my friend to steal money through blackmailing. They had made his video while he was smoking, and they were threatening him that they will send this video to his parents. I felt very sorry for him and somehow blamed myself for his behavior.

My friend stayed at my home that night, and the next day my mom went to his parents. She told them the whole story and asked them to let the kid stay at our home for a few more days. They agreed upon it and were very ashamed for their behavior. My mother also took legal permission from his parents for counseling my friend. She also asked me to help her in this matter. Onwards, my friend started coming to school with me, and I was told by my mother to look after him at school. She also involved our principal in this matter and secretly told the teachers to give more attention to my friend. She dropped our bus, and she would drive us to School. After school, she would take my friend to the doctor. As a result, we saw improvements in my friend's behavior with the passing of the days. I could see hope and motivation on my friend's face. It shows that the availability of little encouragement of juvenile at risk can play a more significant role in the prevention of juvenile delinquency (Utting and Henricson, p. 30).

From this incidence, I learned that when a family is disharmonious, it pushes the children away from home and they go out looking for a contact who can resolve the feelings of insecurity and frustration. A human being is a social animal. He or she needs a company of other human beings to survive in the world. However, when this need is not fulfilled at home, he or she goes out seeking for the company. In the case of children, they are in a very sensitive phase of life. All the time, young children require emotional, social, economic and physical support which comes from the family (Cernkovich and Giordano, pp. 295-319). When all the requirements of the child are not provided, then he or she finds an escape in unlawful activities.

Conclusions

In conclusion, Juvenile delinquency is one of the serious of matters of society, and it can bring severe consequences if not dealt properly. There are various factors of it, and one of the main factors is the role of a family. However, it can be controlled at the initial stage when interacting with the child who is at risk of delinquency. At initial stages, it would be easier to bring back the child.

Works Cited

Loeber, Rolf, and Magda Stouthamer-Loeber. "Family factors as correlates and predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency." Crime and justice 7 (1986): 29-149.

Meldrum, Ryan C., et al. "Parental low self-control, family environments, and juvenile delinquency." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 60.14 (2016): 1623-1644.

Cernkovich, Stephen A., and Peggy C. Giordano. "Family relationships and delinquency." Criminology 25.2 (1987): 295-319.

Rutter, Michael, and Henri Giller. "Juvenile delinquency: Trends and perspectives." (1983): 82.

Utting, David, Jon Bright, and Clem Henricson. Crime and the family: Improving child-rearing and preventing delinquency. London: Family Policy Studies Centre, 1993.

My Views On Mass Media

My Views on Mass Media

Ida

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

My Views on Mass Media

In mass media today, superhero TV series and movies have become increasingly popular and have expanded their fan-outreach to a much larger demographic to enter into the mainstream today. My exposure to superhero movies has been inspirational as well as positive, and in my view helped me grow as a person.

Films such as Man of Steel (2013) impacted me in a deep way. I reflected on how we as humans always looked towards some savior who would come to protect us from rising crime rates or terrorist attacks, and would be a symbol of hope against prejudice, hatred, and ignorance. Moreover, in my view, people tend to find comfort in escapism through these stories especially in troubled times. Generally, it has been observed that bad economic times lead to a rise in the popularity of the superhero genre in mass media CITATION Dav18 \l 1033 (Davis, 2018).

One of the ways superhero films, in particular, Man of Steel (2013) and Batman Begins (2005), impact me is through their origin stories. Each character is shaped by their unique experiences in the past that determine their ultimate behavior and character. Some heroes respond to a life-altering event that inspires them to continue fighting their battles. Many of these events are relatable for people and help them identify with the character. Ultimately, these character’s strong notions of justice, and the altruistic choices they make in life inspire audiences CITATION Bau16 \l 1033 (Bauer, et al., 2016). For me, these characters and notions served as motivation to make better choices in life which could benefit humanity in some way.

Similarly, the character of Batman enjoys immense popularity in mass media. The character, unlike other superheroes, if fully human and uses his training, knowledge and wealth to deliver justice in a city where traditional ways of crime control have failed. His parent’s death in childhood motivates him to spend his nights fighting crime and villains often much powerful than himself. In my view, the character portrays strong themes of selflessness, self-sacrifice, and determination. The character is often distrusted by society despite putting himself in danger every night, yet he continues his attempts to clean up Gotham city's streets.

In my view, the superhero genre that is currently enjoying widespread popularity in mass-media had a significantly positive view on me and how I see life. These superheroes provide a perspective contrary to the materialistic, hedonistic and consumption-driven lifestyle that is also promoted through mass-media, by allowing us to appreciate self-sacrifice and altruism.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bauer, M., Georgeson, A., McNamara, C., Wakefield, B. H., King, T. S., & Olympia, R. P. (2016). Positive and Negative Themes Found in Superhero Films. Clinical Pediatrics, 56(14), 1293-1300. doi:10.1177%2F0009922816682744

Davis, B. (2018). Comic book movies. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

My Views On The Benefits And Dangers Of Social Media

Student’s name

Course id

Submitted to

Date

Introduction:

Social networks have achieved rapid popularity especially among children and adolescents.

To make good use of social networks, it is essential to know their advantages, risks and profits. Social networks emerged spontaneously among people who are invited to be part of it. The presence in social networks brings interesting benefits, but it can also imply its risks.

Benefits and dangers of social media

Some of the social media advantages are that it creates more prominent correspondence and connection among people, they are communicated in a more better way, it encourages the connection between individuals without social and physical hindrances and Companies can connect with potential clients, potential applicants or give more notable visibility to the product, which they offer in an increasingly proficient manner. On the other hand some dangers of social media include privacy and virtual bullying, surely it is the first concern you have as a user. Being so exposed, we do not know where the limit is in our privacy and adolescents are the easy target to fall into this social phenomenon. By owning mobile devices very soon, this can cause children to make bad contacts or to share compromising information to humiliate others.

Conclusion:

In today's society, the media occupies a prominent place in our way of seeing the world. They influence our opinions and sometimes change the way we think about things, but also our ways of life. Today we are stunned by information. The media transmit information quickly, so we have information in real time. Without them, we could not be so knowledgeable. Nevertheless, their way of transmitting information is never neutral and without realizing it, they have a certain power of self-identity. They control us in somehow and tirelessly seek to manipulate us, persuade us. The individual must be exposed to a minimum of information and bring to this message some attention that will allow it to find an interest. That is, the source of the information must be credible and sufficiently invasive for the message to have an impact on the receiver. Then, the information must be perfectly clear so that the individual can understand and appreciate it according to his criteria, namely whether he is rather for or against the message. He will memorize the information later. The media must influence this individual by asking him questions. It is from this moment only that the person will be able to choose whether or not to be influenced by the media. The media therefore orient our opinion towards the directions they want. They influence our objectivity towards an object or a subject, which has repercussions on our way of apprehending the environment. They deliberately influence our attitudes. The individual perceives the message, puts his subjectivity into play and memorizes it, which in turn enables him to act accordingly, to adopt an attitude. Thus in the face of a certain situation, the individual will tend to act positively or negatively with respect to it. The individual will always act in adequacy with his attitude.

Reference

Turel, O., & Serenko, A. (2012). The benefits and dangers of enjoyment with social networking websites. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(5), 512-528.

My Views On The Future Of Music, Newspapers, And Books

Title

Name

Institution

Future of Music, Newspapers, and Books

During the twentieth century, the conventional reproduction of music and books faced enormous challenges and problems due to the advancement in technology. Social practices are also some of the factors that increased the risks for the conventional reproduction of books, news, and music. Technology has overruled our lives in so many ways, and it is also changing the way people used to read books or listen to music. Looking back in the history it will become quite evident that in the year 1974 over one billion of music records were sold around the world, but this trend has changed once internet allowed people to listen to music online. They are not supposed to go out and buy them to listen to them. Since then people have changed their listening habits simply by connecting hands-free with their device rather than sitting close to a tape recorder in order to listen to it. Likewise, with the advancement in technology people have reduced their visits to the library. Technology has now enabled the readers to access any kind of books by creating a pool of online books ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lhzoSnUN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}E-books are changing reading habits,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“E-books are changing reading habits,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":672,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/ZCM6LN4Z"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/ZCM6LN4Z"],"itemData":{"id":672,"type":"webpage","title":"E-books are changing reading habits","container-title":"USA TODAY","abstract":"It also has altered the way people find books, since they don't walk around the bookstore as often.","URL":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2013/10/06/e-books-reading/2877471/","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,4]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“E-books are changing reading habits,” n.d.). Now users are not supposed to sit in the library for longer hours; all they have to do is sit in their room and browse the internet for their desirable book. Likewise, the e-newspapers is accessible all the time on the internet and readers are not supposed to wait for someone to bring it from the market. The reading and listening habits have switched towards the use of mobile and laptops for listening to music or reading books.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY E-books are changing reading habits. (n.d.). Retrieved March 4, 2019, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2013/10/06/e-books-reading/2877471/

N/A

Ehsan Faraz

Instructor Name

Course Number

11 September 2019

Race, gender, and Class in Paris is Burning

In the film Paris is Burning, Livingston gives an account of New York City's ball culture and the involvement of the city's poor Black, transgendered, and gay community who were involved in it. The documentary explores the intersection of race, class, and gender with the drag culture of the city’s balls. A closer look at the documentary's theme reveals that the narrative of gender non-conformity and classism is a prevalent feature in the picture, which closely intersects with race as a construct.

After going through the film, I felt that the complex issue of identity lies at the heart of the narrative. For the drag performers of the ball, the question of identity revolves around the intersection of class, race, sexuality, and gender and how it relates to the hegemony of the straight white male in society. The film alternates between interviews and footage of the balls showcasing prominent contestants, hailing from various social groups, competing for trophies. The racial dynamics of the balls closely mirror the interracial character of the Harlem resistance in certain aspects, such as Black artists and musicians looking towards white investors for sponsorships, with the upper-class white spectators flocking to Black spaces for witnessing the exotic and entertaining Harlem arts.

The effect of classism is inherent in the very design of these balls, as they mostly served as a place of gathering for gender and sexual minorities who shared the same socioeconomic status. The ball served as a fantasy world for the downtrodden artists where they could relish in fame and feel like millionaires, even if for a short while (Schacht & Steven, pp. 147). One of my first impressions from the film was that of the extreme jealousy, the performers must have felt when they would perform amidst the rich and famous of society, knowing that they could never compete with them in real life. I could notice a constant feeling of discomfort in the eyes of the performers who were interviewed, one of whom expressed that feeling of classism as a “slap to the face”.

Drag performances also involve an expression of one's aspiration, desires, and identity along several dimensions. The film depicts a wide range of gender and sexual identities of the Latino and Black community, ranging from transsexual women to gay men, and explores how the main characters deal with the problem of homophobia, AIDS, racism, and poverty. Nearly every performer had a story to tell; some left their homophobic families, some were sex workers, while some would shoplift for clothing. The interviews provided close insights into the struggles of the characters; how they would have to put up an impression of pride, strength, and humor to survive amidst the rich, White, and affluent. A common thing I noticed among the stories was the abuse, intolerance, and threats faced by people who do not conform to society's constructs of gender. Venus Xtravaganza, a key performer in the ball, was a victim of the intolerant heterosexual culture that was unforgiving towards those who perceived their gender differently from their birth sex. It depicts the harsh reality of the lives of many transwomen who struggle to survive in a society that is unwilling to accept their identities; the ball was, thus, the only place they could gather the attention and fame they desired.

Nevertheless, even though race and gender play a significant role in defining the lives and identities of the performers, yet it is the class factor that leaves the greatest impact on their lives. A black gay man could be the highlight of the show even when the real world would not afford such value to him. For a few hours, that performer could switch classes and know how it feels to belong to the ‘executive' category of the society. However, knowing the fact they were far from attaining the kind of wealth they were emulating, they were at peace with themselves.

To conclude, even two decades later, Paris is Burning can be seen as an insightful outlook into the lives of the queer, trans, and other gender non-conforming communities. It allows the viewer to gain an appreciation of how the intersection of race, gender, and class impacts the lives of the community and the violent opposition they have to face from the heteronormative culture. An overall feeling that I took away from the film was that despite the fact that the issues of gender non-conformity enjoy greater prominence in public discourse today, it is the issue of classism that carries a greater impact for the performers in the film and is an issue worth examining in our lives.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Paris Is Burning. Dir. Jennie Livingston. Perf. Brooke Xtravaganza, André Christian and Dorian Corey. Art Matters Inc. 1990. DVD.

Schacht, Steven P. "Paris is Burning: How Society's Stratification Systems Make Drag Queens of Us All." Sexuality: Toward A Race, Gender, Class Perspective 7.1 (2000): 147-166. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/41675316>.

No Title

Activism

[Writer’s Name]

[Institution]

Activism

Numerous individuals can be delegated activists and numerous activities can be rendered as activism, yet this doesn't imply that all activism is accomplished by activists. The term activist itself is disagreeable, as what comprises an activist and what activities can be characterized as activism are regularly challenged. Activists are the individuals who are proficient in bringing social change. After walking a mile in activist’s shoes, we can conclude that they, being an activist, consider themselves unconventional in their gratitude of the necessity for social change.

It is pivotal to not fall into the noose of alienating ourselves, as it can prompt a feeling of dream that you exclusively are the carrier of progress, commingled with a separating of yourself from the more extensive populace and furthermore distancing the individuals who might be strong or supportive.

Social assimilation is not possible as it has clearly been delineated by chiamanda Ngozi Adichie in Americanah that the main reason that race was not an issue is on the grounds that you wish it was most certainly not. We as a whole wish it was not. But it’s not true. She, in Americanah, puts her views as “Race doesn’t really exist for you because it has never been a barrier. Black folks don’t have that choice.” When you are dark in America and you fall for a white individual, race doesn't make a difference when you are secluded from everyone else together in light of the fact that it's simply you and your affection. The minute you venture outside, race matters. Be that as it may, we don't discuss it. We don't tell our white accomplices the small thing that irritate us and the things we wish they saw well, since we're concerned they will say we're overcompensating or we're in effect excessively delicate. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie asserts “Racism should never have happened and so you don’t get a cookie for reducing it.”

A moment under the banner of “Black lives matter” propounds the view that he United States has not completely recouped from subjection as the country has proceeded with its routine with regards to oppressing human life to monetary, social, and political disparities. The mission of this organization is to intercede in viciousness conveyed upon Black populace by the state. And devolve powers to local people and work for impoverished black populace. They attested their humanity, their commitments to this general populace, and their versatility even with fatal mistreatment. “Black lives matter” propounded that Black lives do matter and it became a revitalizing sob for all Black lives taking a stab at freedom.

No Title

Analyzing Goffman’s Theory in a Family Event

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Analyzing Goffman’s Theory in a Family Event

Social Interactions can be complicated. They include various characters and individuals and can bring constructive response as well as friction among the participants. Social interactions consist of an exchange of ideas and things between individuals living in a common area and sharing a common space. These are the building blocks of the society; constructive social interaction can lead to many positive changes in the community whereas failed or destructive social communication can bring only disaster.

Multiple theories and approaches have been presented in an effort to explain the nature and characteristics of various kinds of social interactions. One of the examples of such an approach is by Erving Goffman that had been put forward by in 1956. Goffman thinks that social interactions can be taken as performance in a theater. The people participating in social interaction are the actors, and the place of interaction serves as a theater. They follow their scripts (which they have thought out or planned in their minds) and act as per their designated roles. As per Goffman’s theory, just like in a theatrical play, people like to create an impression, an image of themselves in the mind of the other individuals participating in the interaction. For this purpose, they use various items like dress, their setting (office, home, etc.) and the way they perform their role (mother, father, boss, employee, etc.). Sometimes they also engage in a face work, when they fail to adequately perform their front stage role, just to hide their weakness or incapability. Goffman called his analysis as Dramaturgical Approach (Urick, 2014).

Erving Goffman’s Dramaturgical Approach can be applied to any social situation and any scenario. We encounter many such cases in our daily lives, in our homes, in our offices and in our educational institutions, where many characters play their part, and we can analyze them on the basis of this approach. I would like to examine one of the recent cases of social setting, which took place in my family, on the scale presented by Goffman.

So the social setting or the event I am referring to the wedding of my sister that recently took place. As weddings are a perfect example of social gathering so no better event could have been served an opportunity for me to broaden my thinking and analyze the various perspectives of Goffman’s Theory. Weddings are grand events, and especially it's the first wedding in your family; people are super excited and interact with each other with full zeal and zest. Preparations are started from a long time before the actual events attar and communications happen at various levels.

On the day of the wedding, I noticed that everyone was wearing their best dress (usually happens at weddings). Everyone was trying to look their best and show-off their expensive dresses that had been bought from various popular brands and famous designers. One of my aunts, who had recently come from a trip to New Zealand, was telling the details loudly to everybody who would listen how good her trip had gone. She was also flaunting her dress and jeweler and telling the people sitting around her that how expensive her couture was. It was an effort of Impression management as she was trying to create an impression that she was a wealthy person and had lots of money to spend on vacations and diamond jewelry. I found one of my cousins, who was being nice and caring to everyone in the gathering, back-biting about others with another cousin in a corner, which gave me an opportunity to observe back-stage behavior. The other roles were being played by my mother, my father and my brothers. My mother, who is generally a caring person, was also showing her nature at the wedding and making sure that the guests had no complaints. On the other hand, my brothers were playing with the other kids in the event. I also observed an example of face work when one of my uncles arrived late to the wedding but put it all on the heavy traffic in the way.

References

Urick, M. J. (2014). The presentation of self: Dramaturgical theory and generations in organizations. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 12(4), 398-412.

No Title

[Title Here, up to 12 Words, on One to Two Lines]

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Bureaucracies are the mandatory administrative sectors of the government that are meant to handle all the day to day affairs of the country. All the 435 congressional representatives and 100 senators have been given the task to handle the government's business. The public comes across different bureaucracies and interacts with them daily CITATION Chr19 \l 1033 (Sailus, 2019). Such as the Secretary of State for the Environment who makes efforts to develop good policies related to the environment. I have participated in many environmental marches and have also raised questions regarding the plastic abolition which is hazardous to the environment. For this purpose, I along with my many school students, have been interacting with the secretary Keith Krach.

With time, bureaucracy grew to be an important force in political affairs and plays an important role in developing and implementing different policies in different sectors. This gives them more power to control people because the polices or rules are made by them and implemented by them. They have the authority to introduce new policies without concerning public opinion. In this way the control people with their power because they are the policymakers. The positive aspect of bureaucracy is that it always come up new and better policy for a department and works hard to improve that sector. The foremost priority of bureaucracy is to maintain the better aspects of a department and make sure that it would be beneficial for the country's development. There are ways through which bureaucracy can be improved and can be beneficial for the people if they also consider the public's opinions on any matter. For example, most people want a ban on plastic and want an alternative to plastic. Bureaucracy has the power to do so and can be helpful in many ways. The bureaucrats should interact more with the public and then make the policies. Such changes can develop trust between the government and the public. People would be more interested in adopting the policies. Alternatives to bureaucracy can be achieved through democratic participation in the economy. Democratic participation supports worker ownership means that workers have the authority to control all the activities.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sailus, C. (2019). U.S. Bureaucracy: Definition, History, Functions & Impact Video. Retrieved October 29, 2019, from Study.com: https://study.com/academy/lesson/us-bureaucracy-definition-history-functions-impact.html

No Title

Gender

Jinni

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Gender

Discussion One

a. Learning processes start when brain starts developing after birth. Child starts learning from his environment, and people in society. A child gradually learns to become a member of a large group, is termed as humanity. The process of interaction and communication starts when a child is exposed to people in society, where he/she observes behaviors, and explores society. The basic concept in sociology, which is used for how we learn to be part of our societies, and we become its members, is called socialization ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"gSf9eLdy","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Pescaru, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Pescaru, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":828,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/PGPMTJUJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/PGPMTJUJ"],"itemData":{"id":828,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Importance Of The Socialization Process For The Integration Of The Child In The Society","container-title":"REVISTA UNIVERSITARA DE SOCIOLOGIE","page":"18-26","volume":"14","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Pescaru","given":"Maria"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Pescaru, 2018). A member in society starts realizations about gender identity and gender norms in society when he/she starts explorations and observations in his/her surroundings. In different cultures, gender norms are set by responsible segments of that particular culture which defines behavioral patterns of masculine and feminine. Cultural rules set orientations in our minds, regarding our gender identity in cultural and societal limits.

b. According to traditional cultures and rigidity, there have been only concepts of feminine and masculine. In every society, there are some cultural rigidities, which do not allow individuals to live according to their choices for gender roles and identities regardless of considering their sex because culture has more influence over people ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"GUOFOc6T","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Neculaesei, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Neculaesei, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":831,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/NAIQ9ZP8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/NAIQ9ZP8"],"itemData":{"id":831,"type":"article-journal","title":"CULTURE AND GENDER ROLE DIFFERENCES","page":"31-35","volume":"Cross-Cultural Management","source":"ResearchGate","abstract":"Culture influences thinking, language and human behaviour. The social environment, in which individuals are born and live, shapes their attitudinal, emotional and behavioural reactions and the perceptions about what is happening around. The same ap plies in the case of assigned/assumed roles in society based on gender. Cultural dimensions that reflect differences in gender roles, but also elements related to the ethics of sexual difference were highlighted by many researchers. The presentation of these issues from the interdisciplinary perspective is the subject of this article. Briefly, the article refers to: importance of communication in transmission of roles of those two sexes, cultural dimensions that reflect role differences invarious cultures, discrimination issues and ethics of sexual difference.\nAvailable at: http://www.cmj.bxb.ro/Article/CMJ_7_4.pdf","author":[{"family":"Neculaesei","given":"Angelica-Nicoleta"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",1,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Neculaesei, 2015). People are only guided with the concepts of two gender identities because of rigidity in culture, religion, and traditions. A transgender who is a male, but his gender orientation is towards feminine, and vice versa, is likely to face hostile behavior form other members of society. People have hostile behaviors towards transgender because of their limitations in perceptions regarding other gender identities. However, attitudes are changing with time because of legislation, that has allowed to choose identity of a transgender, and law cannot be denied by people. Another reason is that people are more aware of gender roles and identities because of more exposure, and diversity in their societies, where there is more acceptability regardless of their gender identities.

Discussion Two

Becoming Nicole is a story of a transgender who use to have features of feminine, but he was a twin boy. Nicole Kintz is a transgender high school teacher in the Portland Metro area. This article discusses his journey and issues which he faced during his struggle. He was more oriented towards having dolls, girly dresses, and other womanlike features but he was restricted to express his desire for a feminine gender identity. Nicole states that he expressed himself in front of his father, but his father’s behavior was not appreciated, while his mother remained silent and did not encourage her husband to scold. During his session, he shared stories about his school where he was bullies. Nicole changed his sex to a female because it was his childhood obsession to live a feminine life.

Nicole expressed his experiences about societal reactions and behaviors towards a transgender after body transformations and gender orientations, but he remembers remarks by his boss about his acceptance as a woman. He portrays the behavior of others that is changing with time-based on his experience of acceptance of his gender orientation by others. Nicole suggested people in the audience, to share what they feel and what are their desires with family members and relatives, they will understand with the time. People change their perceptions and their behaviors with time because they cannot change your desires and identity. There is legislation to make unbiased laws to help you to live with your desired identity, and people have become more tolerant, respecting diversity and identities, otherwise, we all are same ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"eS216ggx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Wilson, 2010)","plainCitation":"(Wilson, 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":829,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/MDEE94VX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/MDEE94VX"],"itemData":{"id":829,"type":"webpage","title":"Becoming Nicole","container-title":"Portland Monthly","abstract":"One teacher's odyssey: the math of transitioning from a man to a woman.","URL":"https://www.pdxmonthly.com/articles/2010/5/21/nick-kintz-transgendered-teacher-0610","author":[{"family":"Wilson","given":"Stacey"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,26]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Wilson, 2010). People are all same except their physical appearances but that should not be judged in a way that would lead to hatred and intolerance in society.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Neculaesei, A.-N. (2015). CULTURE AND GENDER ROLE DIFFERENCES. Cross-Cultural Management, 31–35.

Pescaru, M. (2018). The Importance Of The Socialization Process For The Integration Of The Child In The Society. REVISTA UNIVERSITARA DE SOCIOLOGIE, 14(2), 18–26.

Wilson, S. (2010). Becoming Nicole. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from Portland Monthly website: https://www.pdxmonthly.com/articles/2010/5/21/nick-kintz-transgendered-teacher-0610

No Title

Prejudices and Discrimination

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Prejudices and Discrimination

This video starts with the shooting of Mart Luther king, while a teacher plans to do something different to change the perceptions of discrimination, prejudices, and racism. These are the concepts and actions which we have developed since our childhood. The teacher during her class starts asking questions about unequal treatment of people of the United States towards other people of another color. Before getting into a discussion it is important to understand what discrimination and prejudices are. In shorter-terms, another form of discrimination is considered prejudice.

The teacher started an experiment with her students by differentiating them with two categories; blue eyes and brown eyes. Her kids were more likely to follow instructions, however, they were less likely to react during the phases of discrimination and prejudices. While experimenting with the children they followed the instructions and they were experiencing the different behaviors for the first time. They were discriminated out of their classroom, they had to suffer from prejudices and discriminatory behavior from their school fellows, however, they were not that much aware of these social behaviors. When compared to adults for the same experimentation, they were likely to get offended by the discriminatory behaviors and prejudices from the brown color eyed people in the same company. Adults in comparison with children resisted these unjust behaviors by others. Their resistance resulted in the arguments with those who were in majority, in short terms, who had more power.

Adults resist because they have already experienced these discriminatory behaviors and they tend to oppose these behaviors and stop them for not allow them to break their emotions. They stop them because they do not want others to judge them based on their color, race, ethnicity, and geography. Brown color eyed group who were provided with maximum facilities were studied to be more discriminatory and judgmental towards the blue colored eyes. They perceived that minority group was incompetent, rude towards the seniors, they performed slow and they were considered as ignorant. Children also realized the discriminatory behaviors, they started themes.

Institutional discrimination is the collective discriminatory behavior towards a group or individuals by a social institution which are important ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"wcKhp3lt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Henslin et al., 2015)","plainCitation":"(Henslin et al., 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":506,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/GXLF99UN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/GXLF99UN"],"itemData":{"id":506,"type":"book","ISBN":"978-1-4425-6226-4","publisher":"Pearson Australia","title":"Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach","URL":"https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=ujLiBAAAQBAJ","author":[{"family":"Henslin","given":"J. M."},{"family":"Possamai","given":"A. M."},{"family":"Possamai-Inesedy","given":"A. L."},{"family":"Marjoribanks","given":"T."},{"family":"Elder","given":"K."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Henslin et al., 2015). This is the segregation of people based on their color, ethnicity, gender, and their identities. Prejudice is the behaviors towards other people based on their association with a privileged group in the society and this relates to the sociology of stereotype ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"mJKYCEff","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Whitley Jr & Kite, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Whitley Jr & Kite, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":507,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/WYLLSF4J"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/WYLLSF4J"],"itemData":{"id":507,"type":"book","ISBN":"1-317-22723-9","publisher":"Routledge","title":"Psychology of prejudice and discrimination","author":[{"family":"Whitley Jr","given":"Bernard E."},{"family":"Kite","given":"Mary E."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Whitley Jr & Kite, 2016). Institutional discrimination and prejudice are interconnected because in both conditions one group is stereotype by the superior group as their relations with the power groups.

In societies, it is important to decrease the higher levels of discriminatory behaviors and prejudices starting from individual levels. Individuals may have some issues with other groups and other people, but they do not have the right to judge other people based on their identity and their color. Every member of society deserves the structural advantages because all are an equal part of society. However, eliminating individual prejudices and discrimination may not be enough to change these structural advantages which are enjoyed by only one group in society. The reason behind this is that, societies need to be changed from the very beginning, one cannot change the behaviors and actions when they are resistible. These resistible behaviors sometimes lead to arguments and conflicts between two parties, while this is also anti-social action which disturbs the social patterns which are to provide peace. It is important to change behaviors of discrimination and prejudices from the early stages of life where an individual as a society may change in a short time.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Henslin, J. M., Possamai, A. M., Possamai-Inesedy, A. L., Marjoribanks, T., & Elder, K. (2015). Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=ujLiBAAAQBAJ

Whitley Jr, B. E., & Kite, M. E. (2016). Psychology of prejudice and discrimination. Routledge.

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Table of Contents

TOC \o "1-3" 1. Response to the Prompt of Research Ethics PAGEREF _Toc21557543 \h 3

1.1 According to the ASA, what are the ethical issues involved in this study? PAGEREF _Toc21557544 \h 3

1.2 Were there other ways of conducting this study that would avoid ethical dilemmas? PAGEREF _Toc21557545 \h 3

1.3 Would they have yielded the same information? PAGEREF _Toc21557546 \h 3

1.4 Should this study have been done? PAGEREF _Toc21557547 \h 3

2. Response to the Prompt on Alice Goffman PAGEREF _Toc21557548 \h 3

2.1 What are the issues with how she conducted her research? PAGEREF _Toc21557549 \h 3

2.2 Do all ethnographic studies face similar challenges? PAGEREF _Toc21557550 \h 3

2.3 How far should sociologists go in protecting the rights of their research subjects? PAGEREF _Toc21557551 \h 3

3. Response to the Prompt on Theoretical Perspectives PAGEREF _Toc21557552 \h 4

3.1 How would sociologists working from each of the theoretical perspectives (functionalism, conflict, and interactionism) analyze the education system in the United States? PAGEREF _Toc21557553 \h 4

3.2 What issues would they focus on? What kinds of questions would they ask? PAGEREF _Toc21557554 \h 4

3.3 Which of the perspectives do you think provides the greatest insight? Why? PAGEREF _Toc21557555 \h 4

1. Response to the Prompt of Research Ethics

1.1 According to the ASA, what are the ethical issues involved in this study?

Primarily, the activity of being a watch queen for the purpose of observing a stranger in the tearoom trade was illegal at the time it was conducted, i.e., 1960s. Moreover, the consent was not obtained from the participants to take part in the research study.

1.2 Were there other ways of conducting this study that would avoid ethical dilemmas?

Yes, the researcher could have taken permission from the men engaging in the desired activities at the public restrooms to take part in the study.

1.3 Would they have yielded the same information?

However, it would not have yielded the same information due to the fact that only a few people would have had agreed to take part in the study.

1.4 Should this study have been done?

From the ethical perspective, this study should not have been conducted in the manner it had been conducted. However, from the behavioral study viewpoint, this study is of considerable importance for the concerned researchers, practitioners and policymakers.

2. Response to the Prompt on Alice Goffman

2.1 What are the issues with how she conducted her research?

There is an element of bias in Alice’s study. She developed a feeling of sympathies towards the subjects (i.e., fugitives and arrestees) of her study who became her friends. Also, the study faces the issues of creditability and reliability due to the extent Alice could go in protecting the rights of her subjects.

2.2 Do all ethnographic studies face similar challenges?

However, most of the ethnographic studies are likely to face such challenges due to the fact that it remains difficult for the researchers to be non-participant in the study. Moreover, such studies are mostly conducted in a natural setting, where a lot of variables cannot be controlled.

2.3 How far should sociologists go in protecting the rights of their research subjects?

Sociologists have to go far in protecting the rights of their research subjects due to the fact that they need to protect their privacy and confidentiality. For instance, they must code the data once collected so that the research subjects can be protected from any abuse in the future.

3. Response to the Prompt on Theoretical Perspectives

3.1 How would sociologists working from each of the theoretical perspectives (functionalism, conflict, and interactionism) analyze the education system in the United States?

Functionalists would analyze the education system in the country from the viewpoint of an objective examination of social behavior. Sociologists working from the theoretical perspective of conflict believe that public schools do not play a positive role in reducing inequality among the public for their right to education. The interactionism viewpoint on the schools in the United States support the notion that interaction between pupils, and pupils and teachers must be encouraged.

3.2 What issues would they focus on? What kinds of questions would they ask?

Functionalists must focus on improving the social behaviors of all the concerned parties in the education system of the country. The conflict sociologists must focus on devising and identifying the manners in which the public schools can be helpful in reducing inequality. The interactionism must provide means to increase effective and efficient interactions among the parties concerning the education system in the United States.

3.3 Which of the perspectives do you think provides the greatest insight? Why?

In my opinion, interactionism provides the greatest insight in the education system of the country because it focuses on interactions among the pupils and pupils and teachers, which encourages social interaction and help enhancing the character building of the students.