Types Of Budgeting

Types of Budgeting

Your Name (First M. Last)

Date

Types of Budgeting

The comprehensive procedure of budgeting identifies as the systematic plan to make necessary decisions about the aspects of money. It provides the roadmap about the proper utilization of the money and the ways to enhance the spectrum of revenues. The feature of budgeting is used by the governments to establish a balance between the elements of expenses and income ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Mk7grtXc","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Jones & Baumgartner, 2004)","plainCitation":"(Jones & Baumgartner, 2004)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1622,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/RYDG9D5Z"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/RYDG9D5Z"],"itemData":{"id":1622,"type":"article-journal","title":"A model of choice for public policy","container-title":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","page":"325-351","volume":"15","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Jones","given":"Bryan D."},{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Frank R."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Jones & Baumgartner, 2004). There are different models of budgeting which are successfully applied in different forms of considerations and circumstances. Here the main concern is to critically discuss the concepts of rational budgeting and incremental budgeting models to enhance understanding of the prevailing differences between these two forms of budgeting.

The approach of rational budgeting model is different from the incremental budgeting model because it only concerns the provision of funding for the anticipated presented needs without considering the structure of past funding. On the other hand, the facet of incremental budgeting model associated with the perspective of different forms of political compromises. The rational model differs from the incremental model because it never focuses on the consideration of the democracy. It referred to the outcome of the specific ideology set by the government about the needs of the society ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"QjW9Ihvn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Khan & Hildreth, 2002)","plainCitation":"(Khan & Hildreth, 2002)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1621,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/SYZ7VPUC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/SYZ7VPUC"],"itemData":{"id":1621,"type":"book","title":"Budget theory in the public sector","publisher":"Greenwood Publishing Group","ISBN":"1-56720-281-0","author":[{"family":"Khan","given":"Aman"},{"family":"Hildreth","given":"W. Bartley"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Khan & Hildreth, 2002). The rational budgeting model is established as the more focused form of consideration. When it comes to the disadvantages of rational budgeting model than it is essential to indicate that it is one time-consuming model as it requires different forms of tracking. It is difficult to track about the spending of each dollar. On the other hand, the major advantage of the incremental model is that is one stable model which is not extensively affected by changes. The main advantage of incremental budgeting model is that there is not enough space for offering new ideas of growth and development.

To conclude the discussion about the comparison of both the budgeting models, it is essential to mention that both the models can be effective referring to the specific conditions. It is important for the governments to take necessary measures of improvements according to the changing perspectives of revenues and expenses in the country.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Jones, B. D., & Baumgartner, F. R. (2004). A model of choice for public policy. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(3), 325–351.

Khan, A., & Hildreth, W. B. (2002). Budget theory in the public sector. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Types Of Budgeting And Revenue Streams For Public Organizations

Types of Budgeting and Revenue Streams for Public Organizations

Your Name (First M. Last)

Date

Types of Budgeting and Revenue Streams for Public Organizations

Response to Question 1

Rational budgeting and incremental budgeting models are the two well-known procedures to formulate the desirable form of budgeting. Rational budgeting model is referred as the prospect in which each item needs to be funded concerning to the idea of present needs. It is worthy to mention that the zero-based budgeting is the major element of the entire structure of the rational budgeting process. On the other hand, the idea of incremental budgeting model connected with the consideration of political compromises. The main advantage of the rational budgeting model is that it ensures the justification of each form of expense. The main disadvantage of this model is that it is recognized as the time taking procedure. When it comes to the incremental budgeting model than the major advantage of this model is that it is one stable process that is mostly not affected by changes. The disadvantage of this model is that it sometimes restricts the option of innovation and necessary growth.

Response to Question 2

Taxes and user fees are recognized as the basic revenue streams used by the government to meet the need of the revenue for public organizations. The prospects are adopted by the government entities to provide funds for the proper functioning of public programs. It is observed that these revenue streams in the form of taxes and user fees are not enough to meet the expenses of different programs initiated by public organizations. Budgetary shortfalls are the main concern for all forms of local, state, and federal governments. There is a need for offering some valuable changes in the revenue streams to increase the portion of funds for the public programs. There is need of some tax reforms to enhance the stream of revenues for the public organizations. Optimization of the collection of funds is one realistic approach that can be helpful for the governments to enhance the perspective of revenue stream with the minimum cost.

UBER

UBER

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

UBER

Uber technologies Incorporation is a US-based transportation network organization (company) that offer transportation services such as peer to peer ridesharing, hailing, ride services, food delivery as well as bicycle-sharing systems. The company has presence and operations in more than 785 regions around the world.

Current Context of Organization and Management Issues at UBER

Management of Uber (Planning)

After researching and analyzing the management of Uber Company, it has been found that the company has ineffective management inside. The company is badly facing several management issues. The management of the company faces a hard time with recruiting and acquiring and retaining the required talent pool. In recruitment, Uber faces the problem of a higher rate of employees’ turnover. The chief brand officer of Uber (Bozoma Saint John) has been hired by the company after a long struggle for acquiring the perfect fit for the position but as after a year, the chief brand officer left the company and packed up a new job at an entertainment company while the company had no planning about how to move with the next step and what step needs to be taken in the situation (Bratton, & Gold, 2017). Hence, it can be stated that the company needs to work a lot on the management and to improve internal management and planning processes which are the ultimate responsibility of Uber’ management.

Lack of Transparency (Weak Leading/Leadership)

Internally, Uber lacks effective leading which leads to poor transparency. The company has issues of poor coordination between management and employees. The top-level management of Uber (leaders) does not work to engage their employees and motivate them towards the achievement of common organizational goals and objectives. Hence, this organizational issue in the companies results in a lack of transparency since recent times (Samson, Donnet, & Daft, 2018).

Discrimination (Poor Organizing)

Organizing process and practices of Uber are much better than the others. The company has better performance and management in terms of how they organize their operations and employees or overall company. But, gaps exist everywhere because the company has been found a bit inefficient in ensuring equality. The management sometimes positions people based on race, sex, and age which leads to the creation of a culture of discrimination (Noe, et.al, 2017).

Absence of Clear Direction (Organizing)

After the in-depth analysis of the management of Uber, the most critical and major that has been identified is the Absence of Clear Direction. This is considered as the biggest management problem that exists at the company. This management problem “absence of clear direction” is associated with Leading in the company.

At Uber, the leadership and leaders of the company rarely discuss a deliberate direction and strategy for the coming future. They sometimes even ignore this crucial and important thing while ignoring this concern can destroy the company. Furthermore, the top management and leadership of Uber mostly seen failed to communicate the future direction of the company or message about future strategies to every member/employee of the company.

Contrarily to the above statement, the above-discussed leadership problem exists at Uber in the current time while leaders can have a lot to learn about organizational leadership and how to lead organization form the former CEO of Uber. This means that the leadership in the recent past at Uber had a strong organizational pipeline where everything was at one table (Bratton, & Gold, 2017). But, Uber faces the hugest issue currently is due to the bare and poor senior leadership which leads to the failure of management to bring everyone on one stage and align them with the company’s strategies and future direction.

Articles

Article 1: Management Organizing Function and Activities

Organizing is the process of bringing every activity into action that fetches all employees of the organization to one table and enables their access and understanding of the organizational direction and planned future steps. Based on the (Stretton, 2015), the detailed process of effective organizing includes developing organizational culture, managing designation and task allocation, and developing communication and relationships between top management (leadership) and low-level employees so that the organization could get enabled towards the achievement of its goals and designed business objectives.

Article 2: Temporary Organizing: Promises, Processes, Problems

According to the author, temporary organizing is a comprehensive process, perspective and form that captures the practices and activities related with the cooperatives of interdependent and mutually supported corporate actors and individuals who pursue job goals within the specified time frame. The temporary organizing is important for every organization because it helps to ensure the management of short term objective and to develop long term plans accordingly (Bakker, et.al, 2016). Despite, temporary organizing encompass challenges and opportunities such as theorizing timing and relating temporary to permanents while overcoming possible issues.

Article 3: Organizing and Organizations: An Introduction.

Every person knows, what organization is; an organized team or group of individuals with having a specific purpose and goal at hands such as business or a department. While organizing is the process and activities of doing things in an organization that leads the organization towards success. (Holt, 2015) states that organization enters our lives in several ways as we work for them, use their products and services, see their physical presence and earn through working there. As well as we see organizations from a broader perspective than the individuals no matter what the size of the organization. In short, organization are the physical bodies while organizing is a management function that ensures an organization’s success by developing internal relationships.

Article 4: Organizing for Management Excellence.

Based on the findings listed in the above article, organizing is the process of making changes in the organizations. For this purpose, we are required to consider three main things which are people, process and attachment. Organizing at the overall organizational level and organizing for the Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) do not differ (Buytendijk, 2018). Beyond that, efficiency and general effectiveness of organizing are measured based on how the company outlines the strategy and direction that drives the mentioned things together for organizational growth and success.

Memo

Company name

TO:Dara Khosrowshahi, Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

FROM:Your’ Name

DATE:September 20, 2019

SUBJECT:Management Problem Statement______________________________________________________________________________

The Uber Technologies Incorporation has been found facing the problem of poor organizing. In the organizing the company specifically faces the issue of absence of clear direction, where the company and company’s management fails to develop effective future direction and then to communicate it with every concerned employee of the company. Hence there is a huge need of actions to be taken for enhancing organizing in the company and to set the clear future direction of the company so that the company’s growth and success can be ensured.

In the current competitive business world, it is highly important for company needs to put every possible effort in the way to stay growing, succeed, and competitive in the market and industry (Noe, et.al, 2017). For the purpose, they have to set a clear direction for the future and develop strategies and tactics to accomplish what they have planned. Hence, the same is required for Uber. But, as analyzed, Uber Technologies Inc has one of the critical management problems which is lack of Clear Direction and failure to communicate of future strategies with the company’s employees while it is crucial to not have these issues/gaps. So, the memorandum has been established for the purpose to communicate the concern with you and to let you know that what can be done in the case. For covering the issue, we have chosen some of the 4 related articles which could be found helpful in how to manage the situation and solve the problem at hand.

Finally, it has been concluded that the company and management need to take some steps so that the issue can be managed and eliminated in a well-organized and effective way. The steps are; 1) plan future strategies and business developments, 2) evaluate business operation consistently and proceed with strategies accordingly, 3) communicate mission, vision, goals and business objective with everyone important, and 4) train and develop employees to have better business performance.

References

Bakker, R. M., DeFillippi, R. J., Schwab, A., & Sydow, J. (2016). Temporary Organizing: Promises, Processes, Problems. Organization Studies, 37(12), 1703–1719. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840616655982

Bratton, J., & Gold, J. (2017). Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice. Palgrave.

Buytendijk, F. (2018). Organizing for Management Excellence, Part 2. Journal of Management Excellence. 25(3).Oracle.com. Retrieved 20 September 2019, from http://www.oracle.com/us/solutions/064060.pdf

Holt, J. (2015). Organizing and Organizations: An Introduction. 46(1):136. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274650902_Organizing_and_Organizations_An_Introduction

Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2017). Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Samson, D., Donnet, T., & Daft, R. (2018). Fundamentals of Management [6th Asia-Pacific Edition]. Cengage.

Stretton, A. (2015). Management Organizing Function and Activities. Series on general management and PM. 4(11). Retrieved from https://pmworldlibrary.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/pmwj38-Sep2015-Stretton-organizing-function-general-management-Series-Article3.pdf

Understanding Digital Identity Formation

Understanding Digital Identity Formation

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Understanding Digital Identity Formation

Introduction

Developing and promoting a business has always been a main concern for a business owner. No matter how small or big a company is, the primary purpose of every CEO or COO is to increase the customer base and boost its profits, since the day of its initiation. With the advancement in recent technology, this pressure has also increased considerably as the competitors are identifying the power of technology and making full use of it to grow their business. Hence it has become imperative for every company to have a unique business identity in the digital world, to gain a maximum number of customers and grab the maximum of market share.

Discussion

It has already been established that the digital identity is of extreme importance for a business and its significance cannot be denied in any aspect but, in order to understand it weightage in the success or failure of a company, we first need to understand what is digital identity and how does it work.

Digital identity of any business or individual refers to the presence of that business or individual in the digital world apart from its presence in the physical world. In the current age of modern technology, it is no longer a difficult task for any business to create and maintain a digital identity as there are a number of platforms available for this purpose. Various methods can be adopted by a firm or organization to build its digital identity. The topmost method which is very popular and preferred by and almost all the businessmen is a website (Adelman & Chadwick, 2014). It has become amazingly convenient to create a website and maintain it as there are multiple software houses and web developers providing such services. Other useful methods are also available like creating a page or profile over any popular social media platform like Facebook, Twitter, Instagarm, etc.

Technology and digital formation play a significant role in the identity formation of business as they portray the complete picture of an enterprise. It acts as a bridge between the firm and the end consumer, whether the latter is an individual or a business itself. As per a study, an average of 4.1 billion people in the world had access to the internet, which makes approximately 54% of the world population. All these people had one thing in common, digital identity.

Digital forums can aid formation of digital identity as they make creation and maintenance of any digital identity extremely easy; all that you need for this purpose is a registered e-mail Id, and you're good. The formation and maintenance of a digital identity depends upon the available technology as the availability and access to the internet is a must in this case (Mellmer, 2014). If easy access to the internet is not available, it would not be possible for a business owner to keep his or website updated and may lose customers. On the other hand, generational gaps may also cause hindrance in the process of keeping a digital identity as the older generations might stick to the traditional methods and may not understand the significance of innovation and technology in the respective field.

Digital identity and physical identity are two unique concepts. Physical identity is the identity we carry with ourselves, and we cannot control what we show to the world. It may also be said to be our personality. Whereas you may control digital identity, you may choose what information you want to show to the world and what not.

Individuals and organizations should move forward with the developments in technology and keep updating their systems and digital identities. For example, if a company is maintaining a website, it should look out continuously for the updates that are prevailing in the current times and keep updating the features of its website accordingly.

If the case of this store is considered, it can be formulated by multiple ways. The first approach could be the adoption of the popular method; creating a website. Another approach can be used by creating a Facebook page or an Instagram profile and keeping it updated on a regular basis so that the customers can remain informed about the latest updates and products in the store. This will result in the increase in the customer base and growth in the profits.

References

Adelman, W., & Chadwick, M. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,904,040. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Mellmer, J. A., Young, R. T., Perkins, A. D., Robertson, J. M., Sabin, J. N., Mcdonald, M. C., ... & Carter, S. R. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,631,038. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Understanding Public Policy

Understanding Public Policy

Your Name (First M. Last)

Date

Understanding Public Policy

In-depth understanding of the concept of public policy is essential to understand that governments do and why they are doing it referring to the particular concerns of society. Proper consideration of the public policy helps to evaluate the performance of the legislative and administrative entities. It is worthy to mention that the overall phenomenon of public policy consists of different and significant stages. It is vital for the policymakers to adopt the approach of prior research about the issue before crafting and enforcing public policy ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"7hfDRrkB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dunn, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Dunn, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1668,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/JKTNHZPJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/JKTNHZPJ"],"itemData":{"id":1668,"type":"book","title":"Public policy analysis","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"1-317-34484-7","author":[{"family":"Dunn","given":"William N."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dunn, 2015). The broad idea of public policy closely linked with different factors. Understanding of these various components is essential to better develop the practice of policy in society. Here the particular focus is to critically overview the notion of public policy concerning the phase of policy analysis and the overall impact of the plan on the society.

The successful form of public policy can only achieve through by giving appropriate attention to every phase. It is one systematic process that can only achieve by considering the effective establishment of different steps. Policy analysis is one of the important components of the main idea of public policy. The facet of policy analysis further helps to effectively and efficiently meet the standards of development and implementation stages. Both the segments of development and implementation play a vigorous role to launch the suitable and aligned form of public policy for the citizens. Importance of policy analysis can never be ignored because it is referred to as the source of crucial information that influences the domains of development and policy implication.

Policy analysis is the only tool for the policymakers to figure out the actual performance of the governments. It also helps to determine the actual goal of the lawmakers from the idea of public policy. The implementation stage of the policy clearly illustrated that what is actually achieve from the establishment of any policy for the people. In other words, it can be recognized as the phase that reveals about the performance of the governments in the form of outcomes of the policy ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"U6TBfq8I","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dye, 2002)","plainCitation":"(Dye, 2002)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1656,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/PXB8G573"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/PXB8G573"],"itemData":{"id":1656,"type":"book","title":"Understanding Public Policy","publisher":"Prentice Hall","URL":"https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=R5ApAQAAMAAJ","ISBN":"978-0-13-026008-6","author":[{"family":"Dye","given":"T. R."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dye, 2002). Only the paradigm of policy analysis can be helpful to identify and evaluate the required information to make judgements about public policy.

The influence of public policy can explore in many different and significant forms. The overall practice of public policy based on the idea to attain and sustain the welfare of the citizens. The functioning of society can never completely measure without the articulation of public policy. Assessment of the social impact of public policy is one significant criterion to evaluate the usefulness of the policy. It is viable to analyze how commendably public policy influences the lives of people. The pattern set by the governments in the form of public policy can be a source of social change in society. The fundamental aim of the public policy identifies as the legal perspective to provide facilitation to all the citizens of the society. The features relevant to the public policy ultimately appears in the form of outcomes at a social level. Different social concerns or issues can never be sorted without the provision of the suitable public policy. The social impact of public policy can better reveal through the different aspects such as the factors of justice, environment, health, education, transportation, immigration, security, etc. All these features play a critical and imperative role in the entire functioning of the society ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"21K22YAR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Burns & Gimpel, 2000)","plainCitation":"(Burns & Gimpel, 2000)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1670,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/Q8I4TN49"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/Q8I4TN49"],"itemData":{"id":1670,"type":"article-journal","title":"Economic insecurity, prejudicial stereotypes, and public opinion on immigration policy","container-title":"Political science quarterly","page":"201-225","volume":"115","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Burns","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Gimpel","given":"James G."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Burns & Gimpel, 2000). All these social concerns can never be validated or properly addressed without the intervention of the government that appears in the form of public policy.

The objective of social welfare also indicates the strong influence of public policy in society. Different policy formations and strategies enforced by the government to make the lives of the citizens better. Various steps in the form of public policy are adopted by the decision-makers to enhance opportunities of employment for all the eligible citizens. Public policy issues are ultimately linked with the concerns of the citizens. Different social anticipations are used by the policymakers to formulate the public policy according to the actual needs of the citizens of the society. The concerns and issues of the society referred to the main problem which provides a basic approach of policy development and implementation offering by the policymakers.

Different forms of limitations is another crucial feature of concern associated with the approach of policies set by the government. It is critical to explore that government have a limited domain of authority under the perspective of the legal phenomenon. The feature of law restricts the power of the governments concerning the perspective of policy development and its implementation. The concept of separation of power is adapted to regulate the authority of the government that also appears in policy making and establishment ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Z82ZiZ7M","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Campbell, 2002)","plainCitation":"(Campbell, 2002)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1671,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/QE7DXM9I"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/QE7DXM9I"],"itemData":{"id":1671,"type":"article-journal","title":"Ideas, politics, and public policy","container-title":"Annual review of sociology","page":"21-38","volume":"28","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Campbell","given":"John L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Campbell, 2002). Check and balance is another criteria that come into existence to identify the approach of the governments about the phenomenon of public policy.

To conclude the discussion about the comprehensive understanding of the public policy, it is significant to indicate that active consideration of different aligned domain helps useful role to determine the policy. Proper planning is mandatory which is only possible from the deep assessment of all the related aspect. The objective of identification of necessary information can only possible through the stage of policy analysis. The phase of policy analysis assists decision-makers to make their decisions according to the available information.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Burns, P., & Gimpel, J. G. (2000). Economic insecurity, prejudicial stereotypes, and public opinion on immigration policy. Political Science Quarterly, 115(2), 201–225.

Campbell, J. L. (2002). Ideas, politics, and public policy. Annual Review of Sociology, 28(1), 21–38.

Dunn, W. N. (2015). Public policy analysis. Routledge.

Dye, T. R. (2002). Understanding Public Policy. Prentice Hall. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=R5ApAQAAMAAJ

Unit 1 - Discussion Board 2

Unit 1 - Discussion Board 2

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Unit 1 - Discussion Board 2

Challenges when Combining Offline and Online Marketing Methods

Some of the most crucial and common challenges that businesses face when they attempt to combine offline and online marketing methods are as follows.

A huge need for inspiring offline engagement and engagers to engage with social media and other digital platforms.

Lack of necessary resources needed for both of the marketing methods (online and offline)

Tracking campaigns both offline and online.

Needs for effective marketing methods (online and offline) while combining them.

Keeping up with the trends of both marketing methods and fulfilling technology requirements (Riquelme, Román, & Iacobucci, 2016).

Possible Solutions

The possible solutions for overcoming and manage the above challenges can be;

The business needs to categorize its segments based on the psychological needs and marketing preference of customers

They need to use the results of online engagement to drive the offline campaigns

Combine marketing methods but should not ignore customers’ natures. E.g. reach to customers who are engaged with social and digital media through online methods while targeting others through offline (Riquelme, Román, & Iacobucci, 2016).

Allocate budget as per the hugeness and provision of outcomes.

Impact of Digital Media on E-Business Marketing Efforts

The impacts of digital media in the marketing efforts of e-businesses are highly credible and positive. Hence some of the most crucial and highly positive impacts are;

It enables e-businesses to lower the budget of their marketing operations while improving marketing efforts and performance as well.

Provides access to more variety of new and innovative marketing platforms and resources

It helps to engage customers in a more efficient way than ever before.

Enables e-businesses and their marketing efforts to gain a better understanding of the target audiences (Luxton, Reid, & Mavondo, 2015).

Enables marketing and marketers to access the potential audience more easily than through offline marketing methods.

Ideas for Integrating Marketing Efforts

Integrating marketing efforts can be improved through the use of the below-listed ideas.

Businesses should identify potential campaign goals.

Define the target audience before proceeding

Understand competition in the market and identify its strengths before setting some objectives and steps to be taken.

In terms of effectiveness, these ideas can be effective because they would provide benefits like’ identification of campaign goals would allow marketers what they are going accomplish so they would take actions accordingly. While the other two 1) defining audience will assist to know who are audiences and 2) what is our key strengths and competition we have. So, with these clarifications, they would be able to develop strategies that are unique and better than competitors as well as more productive than the normal ones (Luxton, Reid, & Mavondo, 2015).

References

Luxton, S., Reid, M., & Mavondo, F. (2015). Integrated Marketing Communication Capability and Brand Performance. Journal of Advertising, 44(1), 37-46.

Riquelme, I. P., Román, S., & Iacobucci, D. (2016). Consumers' Perceptions of Online and Offline Retailer Deception: a Moderated Mediation Analysis. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 35, 16-26.

Unit 1 Assessment

Unit 1 Assessment

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the institution]

[Date]

Unit 1 Assessment

Question no. 1

Roles and Responsibilities of the Board of Directors

Board of directors is considered as the top management of the organizations as they make the rules, what type of policies to be followed, important market decisions to be taken and many more crucial matters that are in the interest of the organization. They are entitled to high power and authority with respect to the operations of the company which is why they have a huge responsibility to perform. Board of directors has many roles to perform for the betterment of the company but the primary one is to upgrade and improve the long term stockholder value by the following actions.

They select and maintain a succession plan for the post of Chief Executive Officer and also other key managerial staff which they will execute and implement for the coming years.

They establish and review all the strategies and main goals of the organization.

They control the business and internal matters of the company by keeping into consideration all the potential risks and opportunities.

They shall participate in all the annual meetings and session that plans out for the performance of the company for the whole year. In these meetings, they critically observe the financial, competitive and transformational performance made by the company till that date.

Board of directors consists of the directors, chairman and Chief Executive Officer who are independent and have a managerial team to lead according to the objectives of the company. The board also decides about the level of authority and power needed to be given to all the key members of management (Pomykalski, 2015). The board has a key purpose to pursue related to the company’s prosperity, expansion and success by working together to direct the company’s affairs and meeting the appropriate interests of all the stakeholders involved.

Real life Example

There is one such example in the recent past related to the board of directors that failed to meet its responsibilities to the company. Dealing in energy, goods and services, Enron corporation was an American organization that was based in Houston, Texas. The company was founded as a merger in 1985 between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth both of which are quite small regional companies. Enron had a very powerful board of directors who had legal, political, ethical and economic expertise. All the directors were quite influential and had extraordinary experience in this field. But, Enron ceased operations in 2007 because Enron chiefs were found guilty of fraud and conspiracy. One of the directors was condemned of 18 accounts of conspiracy and fraud alone with one count of insider trading. There were cases of bank frauds as well due to which the company eventually stopped its operations. Despite the huge power possession of the Board of Directors, they were unable to save the company and failed to perform the responsibilities efficiently. The company had to pay the price of their malpractices.

Question no. 2

Top management of any organization is considered as a driving force towards the road of success. They have enormous responsibility towards the achievement of the organization because they set a system of such rules, policies, and practices through which the company will be controlled. This system of controlling the structure of the company with a position of authority, responsibility, and accountability is called corporate governance. Corporate governance is necessary in the modern world for the organization so that the company does not face legal, ethical, cultural or business problem regarding its discipline and management. Corporate governance also takes into account the interests of all the stakeholders and maintain a perfect balance in them so that no issue arises for the company to the way to success. Leaders and top management are reliable to every change that occurs in the company which also includes a change in strategic planning. Apart from designing a system in the form of corporate governance, they face another challenge in leading the company i.e. strategic planning (Wheelen & Hunger, 1987). Strategic management comes in to play in every aspect of the company's operations. It comes under the planning done by the top management for the achievement of certain goals which are difficult to achieve otherwise. Similarly, strategic management is also very useful for the company as it saves the company from incurring any expected losses and enhances the competitiveness of the company. Strategic management also sets the right direction for the company, understand the changes in the environment and makes the adjustments in the company accordingly.

Question no. 3

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 2002 in response to the malpractices found in the corporate sector. Many big organizations were revealed to be a part of huge frauds and scams (Sarbanes, 2002). The act was designed for the protection of investors from the chances of fraudulent accounting actions undertaken by certain corporations (Silverstein, 2015). The SOX act that was introduced in 2002 is also known as corporate responsibility act of 2002 because many companies were involved in accounting malpractices in 2000 to 2002-time period and this is why charges were held against them (Tacket et al.,2004). One of the famous examples is Enron cooperation as this organization had to cease its operations in 2007 due to its own illegal and unethical actions and involvement in frauds (Damianides, 2005). The SOX supported strict reforms to improve the corporate governance in the organizations and the financial disclosures from cooperation to prevent future cases in fraud. Organizations need to work on corporate governance and should make their system of controlling and directing policies, laws, and practices strong so that they do not face any charge from the government for their practices. The law has become an integral part for the public companies during the last thirteen years. SOX has significantly improved reporting, auditing, and the overall management of public companies. Financial reporting is much better after the implementation of this law. Investors and public derived with the applications of this law as they needed to put their trusts in the stock markets after the major scandals of Worldcom and Enron. However, there are certain challenges in terms of compliance with this law. According to Protiviti consulting organization, the audit fees and compliance expenditures are on the rise. Furthermore, there are some shortcomings as far as internal controls are concerned. The companies under Sarbanes-Oxley are required to give out details about their annual assessments and internal record mechanism. Also, management is subject to accountability according to this law. Overall, the law has enabled companies to improve their accountability process.

References

Damianides, M. (2005). Sarbanes-Oxley and IT governance: New guidance on IT control and compliance. Information Systems Management, 22(1), 77-85.

Pomykalski, A. (2015). Global business networks and technology. Management, 19(1), 46-56.

Sarbanes, P. (2002, July). Sarbanes-oxley act of 2002. In The Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act. Washington DC: US Congress.

Silverstein, E. (2015). Years later, Sarbanes-Oxley is part of how companies do business | Law.com. Law.com. Retrieved 25 February 2019, from https://www.law.com/almID/56530d12150ba04c3636198c/?slreturn=20190125091640

Tackett, J., Wolf, F., & Claypool, G. (2004). Sarbanes-Oxley and audit failure: A critical examination. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(3), 340-350.

Wheelen, T. L., & Hunger, J. D. (1987). Using the strategic audit. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 52(1), 4.

Unit 1 Discussion

Unit 1 Discussion

Rapidly changing technology has played a revolutionary role in the dispersion of globalization. By eradicating the communication and business obstructions, it has brought people closer from all the corners of the world. Invention and use of technological devices, vehicles, automated products, internet and different software have ended the communication gap, created remarkable interaction between different cultures, societies, languages and gave people opportunities to trade worldwide easily. It has become convenient for businesses to expand and grow internationally. Today, any business that has internet site they can reach to worldwide audience. Shipment of the products internationally is no longer a complex issue. Now, because of advanced technology, it is easy to deliver products to any corner of the world with convenient shipment methods. Issues of currency and language conversion are now resolved for business organizations. Moreover, as many companies offer less shipment cost and even free shipment of their products, it is magnetizing more customers, making their business more efficient and effective (Hill, & Hult, 2018).

I personally don’t like spending too much time in the market for shopping because of my busy schedule. Being involved in studies and having a part-time job makes it so difficult for me to take time out for shopping even on weekends. On the hand, I needed to shop required products obviously. Also, a few years ago, I was not fond of online shopping because I had fears that I will get looted. But with improvement in e-commerce, advancement in policies of online businesses and seeing everyone around me enjoying its benefits, I decided to experience online shopping as well. I heard a lot about Amazon and its services, so I started placing orders at, and my experience was great. I find it really convenient as it was saving a lot of my precious time.

Reference

Hill, C. W. L., & Hult, G. T. M. (2018). Global business today (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Unit 1 Journal

Unit 1 Journal

Nowadays, with rapid technological advancements, globalization has changed the mentality, perception and the ways people trade, interact and communicate ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"WIOFhwHh","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Social media and globalization,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Social media and globalization,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":95,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/uHsb2Xzj/items/7HDYX9IU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/uHsb2Xzj/items/7HDYX9IU"],"itemData":{"id":95,"type":"webpage","title":"Social media and globalization","URL":"https://www.slideshare.net/VISHUKUSHWAHA1/social-media-and-globalization","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Social media and globalization,” n.d.). Today, social media is playing a key role in driving globalization. It has brought people closer to an unbelievably astounding level. By using social media for trade and business, organizations can consider the whole world as stakeholders.

To run any business in the world, the target audience is required, and it is of utmost importance for any business to engage it at all costs to earn success. It has been observed that there is a record-breaking audience online on social media platforms than any other platform on internet. Importance of running marketing campaigns and online businesses has been elevating day by day because almost entire target audience is available on such platforms.

Since its emergence, social media has been providing people the knowledge and understanding of numerous cultures, languages, societies, and economies. There is no better platform than social media to establish a remarkable communication with the target audience and to run marketing strategies for business. The rate of customers and interested parties responding actively is higher on social media than any other platform.

It has provided people the global awareness to trade and interact. Moreover, it has been giving golden opportunities for starters to extend their business and reach out to people internationally. Popular social media platforms like; Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are the source of blossoming economy for anyone who wants to start up a business and magnetize audience towards it. When engaging ads appear on the user’s screen while scrolling down on these platforms, people get easily impressed by the virtual designs and presentation of the products. Now because of these platforms, people have started finding it more comfortable to place their order for shopping even worldwide than to visit their local market and search their required product physically. This makes sense why social media is playing an unquestionable key role in globalization.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Social media and globalization. (n.d.). Retrieved January 5, 2019, from https://www.slideshare.net/VISHUKUSHWAHA1/social-media-and-globalization

Unit 1 Review MBA 6301

When money gets in the way of corporate ethics

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Summary of the article

In the selected article "When money gets in the way of corporate ethics", one of the most plaguing issues has been raised. The author is talking about the challenges that companies face when they start earning money. “Peter J Henning” shines a light on the report that has been generated by Wells Fargo, and it shows that companies are forcing employees to undermine the ethical teachings. It has been seen that the task of sales is pushing employees to open fake accounts as they need to meet their assigned targets (Crane,et,al,2019). The author is criticizing the company policies i.e. sales model as well as the management system that creates a competitive environment for low-quality sales for which employees adopt improper and unethical ways. Another main point that has been highlighted by this author is that not the executives should be blamed as they do not interfere in day-to-day matters. It is important to make flexible policies and teach the employees that it takes decades to build reputation and minutes to ruin a brand.

How it relates to contemporary business ethics

The first thing that must be kept in mind is that ethical teaching never changes what is good, will be good forever and what is immoral, cannot be moral even after centuries. The selected article relates to the contemporary business ethics in all aspects as it claims that no one is allowed to cheat others whether it is client or owner (Henning,et,al,2017). At the same time, it gives a message to the business management that policies should be made by keeping in consideration capabilities of employees and they should be given doable tasks so that they never go for cheating their companies by using immoral ways. So, it could be said that this article relates to contemporary business ethics as it discourages breaching of any business ethical rule.

Applying of information

Being employee of a company, I learned a lot from the real life examples being given in this article. I am going to apply information of this article, in my professional life by keeping me away from all the unethical ways of earning a name or completing the given task. What I learned from this article for implementing in my professional life is that never spoil a company’s reputation that it earned after the struggle of decades. Another important lesson that I am going to implement if I would be the executive or managing head of an organization is that I would make policies that would not drag my employees towards the use of immoral and unethical ways. I would take my employees in confidence so that they are not going to damage the reputation of my company.

How it fits my ethical views

Taking a look at this article and comparing it to my ethical concepts, I would say that opening bogus accounts just for the sake of meeting given targets is not an ethically justified act at all. This article presents the ethical views that when companies or individuals start earning, it becomes a challenge for them to keep their selves away from corruption and other unethical activities. The author in this article is criticizing the immoral practices likewise; I condemn all the immoral activities that happen in my surroundings. Ethical teaching being given in this article is that one must not go for personal benefit by damaging lives of others. I also believe that if you are getting benefit but because of you, others are suffering then one must not ruin other’s lives. One of the main ethical view being given in this article is that one must not only search for personal benefits rather one must take in consideration that what effects his/her actions would cast on others and this ethical view perfectly fits my ethical views.

References

Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S., & Spence, L. (2019). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.

Henning, P. J. (2017). When money gets in the way of corporate ethics. The New York Times.

Unit 2 - Discussion Board

Unit 2- Discussion Board

Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees

Unit-2 Discussion Board

Every organization has specific aims and objectives that should be fulfilled to expand the business and achieve success in business. Key performance indicators can be defined as a measurable value that determines how effectively an organization is attaining key business objectives (Velimirović & Stanković, 2011). In short, KPI facilitates an organization to measure the success rate based on goals and defined targets. Several software tools are available for every organization that aids an organization in tracking success. However, some of the software tools are very effective in measuring success in a business such as HubSpot, Tableau, and Geckoboard, etc.

The main reason for recommending HubSpot which is marketing, sales, and service software is that this software facilitated in a growing business. It also offers dashboard templates that can be integrated with excel and google drive so that an organization can track all the performance metrics. Evaluating the performance metrics will help a lot in developing new strategies that would guarantee an organization's success. Another software tool is Tableau that facilitates an organization in analyzing its data and customer/retailer engagement KPIs. The most important feature of this tool is that it provides real-time reporting and data blending. The real-time data will help an organization to modify current strategies to achieve targets. Another software that is highly recommended is Geckboard which provides a platform for live KPI tracking platforms for an organization. It allows an organization to display results onscreen so that every team member of the company can focus on the results and try to further improve results.

Specifically discussing e-commerce, the tool that suits best is Tableau because of its real-time data blending feature. However, for manufacturing business, Hubstaff is a software that is best suited to determine business success and planning future strategies.

The reason for recommending Tableau for an e-commerce business is that this tool can easily connect to the database of an organization. After connecting to the database it analyzes the data and then helps in developing insights in real-time. Thus, providing information regarding actionable insights that may facilitate an organization in attaining success. In contrast, the manufacturing business is a bit different from e-commerce so to measure the success of the manufacturing business Hubstaff software is utilized. The reason for recommending Hubstaff software tool is because it facilitates in boosting the performance of the assembly line. It also provides in-obstructive employee monitoring as well (Setijono & Dahlgaard, 2007). Furthermore, it aids in providing payroll functionalities that facilitate manufacturing businesses.

References

Setijono, D., & Dahlgaard, J. J. (2007). Customer value as a key performance indicator (KPI) and a key improvement indicator (KII). Measuring Business Excellence, 11(2), 44-61.

Velimirović, D., Velimirović, M., & Stanković, R. (2011). Role and importance of key performance indicators measurement. Serbian Journal of Management, 6(1), 63-72.

Unit 2 Assignment MBA 6301

Unit 2 Assignment MBA 6301

Name of the Writer

Name of the University

Unit 2 Assignment MBA 6301

Q1

The company in question here is British American Tobacco, which is one of the biggest cigarette companies not only in the United States of America but also in the world. At year-end 2018, it has recorded revenue of $29.78 billion. Under its banner, it has multiple tobacco products that it sells. These are categorized into combustible (Dunhill, Kent, Camel) and non-combustible tobacco products (vapor products, tobacco heating products, modern oral products, and traditional oral products). Other international brands under its banner include Viceroy, Peter Stuyvesant, Kool and many more (Overview of our portfolio, 2019). These products contain contaminants such as benzene, formaldehyde, and ammonia, which are very toxic to the human body. Furthermore, smoking cigarettes cause health issues involving lungs, liver, and kidneys. The ethical dilemma that arises here is that consumption of tobacco in any form or method is harmful to the public but even then companies such as these advertise these products to the public.

Q2

Due to the wide and brutal advertising methods employed by a corporation such as these many people forsake the harmful effects caused by smoking cigarettes. Our media has made smoking cigarettes so common and trendy, that people who do not even want to smoke take up the habit to get more acceptance among society. This has spread all over our society and according to some studies, college and school going students who indulge in smoking do not even fully comprehend what cigarette smoking does to a person's body. Moreover, they cannot also comprehend what risks are attached to such a product. The trendy perception of cigarette smoking is so entrenched into their minds that smokers in comparison to non-smokers to believe that it is still damaging to smoke cigarettes even on just the weekdays. They forget that light smoking has the same health risks if a person were to smoke cigarettes daily.

Q3

The company, British American Tobacco, is very well aware of the harm that is caused by inhaling the smoke created by burning tobacco. To minimize human loss and put more focus on social responsibility, business ethics, and integrity the company is working on selling and producing such products that can become an alternated to tobacco and nicotine. Furthermore, through innovation in their products, they are trying to minimize the burning of tobacco (Overview of our portfolio, 2019). With the changing times and increased awareness regarding public health, an opportunity has been created which this company is trying to use to its fullest. They are doing this by giving their customers products that have less risk attached to them. As they are a large multinational company, they are perfectly suited to achieve this ambition of theirs. They have named their process of attaining their ambition of tobacco reduced products to Transforming Tobacco. This will allow them to give their adult customers more choice with more innovation and much less expected risk.

Q4

There are several ways through which organizational leaders can instill a culture of ethics within the marketing department. This can firstly be done by focusing on which demographic is the target for this product. If the marketing is targeted at people at ages eighteen and above then that brings some ethics into how the product is to be marketed. Furthermore, by doing this they are removing any influence their ads can have on the younger generation and which could lead them to self-destructive habits. Furthermore, the leadership in the organization can instill in their marketing team not to make the product available anywhere near or even half a km near a school. This will enable to negate any negative influence on the underage kids. Moreover, the leadership can make it mandatory that pictorials that dictate warnings regarding smoking cigarettes need to be plastered on every box sold. Furthermore, images of what happens to the body after smoking for too long should also be placed on the boxes to deter anyone from smoking cigarettes.

References

Overview of our portfolio. (2019). Retrieved 3 August 2019, from https://www.bat.com/brands

Unit 2 Case Study

Unit 2 Case Study

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Unit 2 Case Study

Cross-cultural awareness is a crucial and useful skill while dealing with people from several regions of the world. Having full understanding and knowledge about the cross-cultural values assists to avoid cross-cultural mistakes which can lead to disagreements of an important contract. This awareness is highly crucial whether working out of the home country or working leading a cross-cultural group. Knowing the culture of different individuals and groups makes it sure that huge respect and understanding exist among individuals. Every group and even members possess different cultural values, so one practice can be found acceptable by a team or group but it may be rejected by others. It is hugely important to recognize and accept that every culture in the world values one’s practices but it also hurts others elsewhere around the globe. Knowing the culture and cultural profile of everyone assists in developing a strong relationship among people from different cultures (Neuliep, 2017).

In terms of dealing with business practices and operations, everyone needs to understand cross-cultural business manners. By having a clear understanding of diversity in the different cultural beliefs, one can have the ability to respect and accept the values and enhance the working relationship in business practice and operations. For instance, in the case at hand, the Managing Director of Indian Company must have enough knowledge and information about the values of Chinese culture and business manners to develop and promote a strong relationship at the time of contract. We (Managing Director) need to be highly flexible and accept the provision from the Chinese official to have the contract regarding the supply of computers to the region (city) employees. For instance, the MD is obstinate due to the requirement to fulfill all specifications in the contract which are not covered (done) by the Chinese official (Groysberg, et.al, 2018). This is crucial to be realized that everyone has a different approach to doing things that depends on their background (cultural background). Both of the officials have to know each others’ variances and come into a general consensus which improves a strong and healthy connection in the contract.

For getting through the intercultural stalemate, both officials have to be accommodative and flexible towards the cultural values of one another. This is crucial to realize the hugeness of cultural diversity and admiration for the cultural practices of one another. Hence, each of the teams should be expected to be accommodated towards the cultural values of one another for promoting effective connection and communication (Neuliep, 2017). The Chinese official also needs to be respectful to the Indian culture and the same is needed for the Managing Director of Indian Company. Beyond that, they are supposed to set their contract on the neutral and generally acceptable platform whiteout focusing on the differences in the cultures for deciding the way of practices, actions, and decision making in the deal and contract (Gökmen, 2019). Business practices and operations need business manners and the communication has to be official, as well as they have to be ready to fix their contract’s terms and conditions as on the agreement in the business deal and operations.

It is also hugely important to have research on the different cultural values of individuals so that the problems and conflicts can be eliminated in each others’ cultural values. Culture includes the way of communication to the use of food and gestures. Both of the sides are also needed to accept that no cultural monopoly exists in the world. The MD of Indian company needs to accept the provisions given by the Chinese official for having the contract finalized (Groysberg, et.al, 2018). As well as business organizations need to be flexible to deal with clients from different regions of the world. It would assist them to overcome conflict present because of cultural diversities. Both of the groups are required to know, understand as well as accept and appreciate the cultural values of the contract partner (Gökmen, 2019). The acceptance of cultural diversity by the groups would assist the teams to come up with terms and conditions which would be acceptable and be accepted to for the teams/groups and would ensure successful sealing of the contract.

References

Gökmen, A. (2019). Intercultural Negotiations in Global Business: A Contemporary and Comprehensive Literature Review. International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management (IJSEM), 8(2), 1-9.

Groysberg, B., Lee, J., Price, J., & Cheng, J. (2018). The Leader’s Guide to Corporate Culture. Harvard Business Review, 96(1), 44-52.

Neuliep, J. W. (2017). Intercultural Communication. A Contextual Approach. Sage Publications.

Unit 2 Discussion

Unit 2 Discussion

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

.

Who are the founders /owners besides you if any?

My best friend is the co-founder of our shoe store.

Who are the potential customers?

We are going to start a shoe store that would appeal to a wide range of potential customers. These customers include children, men, and women of all ages and sizes.

What makes your business unique in the marketplace?

There are two elements that make our business unique in the marketplace. Firstly customers could place an order and shoes are made as per their recommendations. Secondly, we mainly focus on using environment-friendly material.

Strengths

I am going to start a shoe store with my best friend and would register this business as an LLC because it has limited liability, all the owners could be involved in management and most importantly, LLC ownership has the power of both partnership as well as cooperation (Mills,et,al,2019). In LLC, taxes are paid by the owners, not by the company, and the tax rate for an LLC depends on the owner's total income. In case the net income is high, an LLC would be allowed to pay taxes at a lower rate than a regular corporation. Corporate owners in some situations have to pay double taxes, while in an LLC the owner would never be charged double tax.

Weakness

Now, we don't have a board of directors as it is a partnership under the LLC banner. There are a few pitfalls when operating an LLC and these include, keeping of diligent records as the manager needs to be judicious for keeping the personal money and personal business separate. Secondly, not everyone can cash the cheque on their names so the cheque must be deposited in separate corporate accounts. So for this type of business (partnership based shoe store), we have to make a new separate corporate account for depositing money.

References

Mills, K. G. (2019). Fintech, Small Business & the American Dream: How Technology Is Transforming Lending and Shaping a New Era of Small Business Opportunity. Springer.

Unit 2 Esaay

Unit 2 Essay

Jarmecka Kelly

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Short Essay

Jurisdiction and Decision Making

Jurisdiction means the extent of the power of a person or an institution to make a decision or pass judgment CITATION Dod19 \l 1033 (Dodson, 2019). It is the first thing that is established in case of any legal dispute, private or public. A Private dispute can be decided in a federal court if the parties involved in the case are from different states and the amount claimed is above or equal to $75,000. The only other condition that allows the plaintiff to file a case in a federal court is when there is a violation of federal law. The Defendant can also file a motion to dismiss the case at the start of the proceedings. This motion can result in the dismissal of the case but the judge generally concludes that the complaint was true and that the evidence was true. This notion favors the plaintiff as his case is dismissed without prejudice and he could always file a complaint later.

There is also the practice of enforcing a judgment when it comes to legal proceedings. According to Rule 70 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the honorable court can enforce a decision and compel obedience if they believe that the affected party has not been granted their rights in a pre-specified time.

There is also the method of Alternative Dispute Resolution, or ADR when it comes to legal settlement between the parties CITATION Fol \l 1033 (Folberg). Civil Ligation is the general procedure when the client files a complaint in a court and the honorable judge decides the outcome. ADR, on the other hand, involves an out-of-court settlement using the services of a "disinterested" third party that attempts to resolve the dispute at hand. Here, there is no issue of jurisdiction and arbitrator is chosen because of its expertise, unless it is a family matter. In that case, the arbitrator is usually a neutral member of the extended family.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Dodson, S. (2019). Civil Procedure: Personal Jurisdiction and Aggregation. The Judge's Book, 3(1). Retrieved from https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=judgesbook

Folberg, J. (n.d.). Development of Mediation Practice in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.usfq.edu.ec/publicaciones/iurisDictio/archivo_de_contenidos/Documents/IurisDictio_16/iurisdictio_016_002.pdf

Unit 2 Essay

Unit 2 Essay

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Unit 2 Essay

Melbourne Culture

The state of Melbourne is known for its multifaceted culture that offers a complex and challenging environment for business players. The culture of Melbourne, Australia is going to be discussed which would assist me decisions regarding hiring staff, team building, and subsidiary.

As the culture of Australia is cumulatively a diversified culture because of the humility factor. From the business perspective, the following cultural differences are considered as the most crucial.

Humility: Melbourne fully encourages entrepreneurship but prefer to have humility at the forefront.

Giving it a go culture that takes a strategic risk: individuals of the culture are more close to creativity, innovation, and idea in comparison to the US citizens. Everyone has a high interest in engaging in innovation and need to develop connections which could enhance/improve and offer a more secure life.

Deeply Focused and Conservative: investors believe in creativity and innovation, the business people and corporate are scared about investments and supporting in the concepts that have support issues which are not politically encouraged.

Hence, we can state that political encouragement plays a vital role in defining a business culture.

The detractors’ states that the modern culture of Australia is highly associated with US culture and their own culture is grotesque. While, this reality makes the environment highly flexible, and simple to be accepted by the businesses (Virgin, 2014).

Conclusion

The Melbourne culture is easy to be accepted by the US and the job of aligning the business and hiring strategies with the culture is not a difficult job for business managers and management. The workforce from the culture can be hired conveniently while looking for individuals that are creative and humble. If a business organization trusts in societal causes then they have a strong competitive advantage to explore new markets in the region.

References

Virgin. (2014). The world's best start-up hubs: Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved 17 September 2019, from https://www.virgin.com/entrepreneur/worlds-best-start-hubs-melbourne-australia

Unit 2 MBA 5652

Unit 2 MBA 5652

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Unit 2 MBA 5652

This section provides an overview of problems identified in the research conducted by the sun coast and presents the research objectives, related questions and hypotheses.

Research problems

As discussed in the previous section main problems identified are related to health and safety of sun coast employees include noise, level of asbestos, training, intake of lead and the return on investment from different training programs. The problem with particulate matter (PM) is that those less than 2.5 microns can be inhaled and reach to lungs causing respiratory and other diseases. Therefore, measuring the PM size will help to understand its relationship with number of sick days taken from different sites.

Similarly, another health issue observed is lead exposure from lead remediation projects. The objective is based on the comparison of the amount of lead in blood measured in micrograms per deciliters (μg/dL) before and after the project. The comparison will help to know if the projects pose health damages by increasing the blood lead measures. Moreover, the measurement of sound-level (in decibels, dB) exposure is an important factor for the health of the workers. This will help the management to employ specific ear protection devices. Different factors hypothesized to increase the dB are checked for their relationship to higher decibels.

Measuring the success of safety training is important and is done so by recording the number of lost-time hours. The reduction in the number of lost-time hours with an increase in expenses of training will indicate the success of the training. The research also includes a comparison of two different training programs in separate groups. One group is exposed to the previous training program and other to the new. As given in the objective four below, comparing the effectiveness will provide information on which program is better and should be continued.

Lastly, the return on investment has been compared for water reclamation, air monitoring, soil remediation, and health and safety training projects. This comparison will tell which projects are generating higher revenue. Addressing these issues will help to know the root cause of the problems and will also aid in solving the issues for the progress of the company.

Research Objectives

Research objectives define the aims and main goals of the research and should be stated clearly before the start of the research ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"pmClwh1o","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Farrugia, Petrisor, Farrokhyar, & Bhandari, 2010)","plainCitation":"(Farrugia, Petrisor, Farrokhyar, & Bhandari, 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":115,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YjWHJPzk/items/B8V9JGXD"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YjWHJPzk/items/B8V9JGXD"],"itemData":{"id":115,"type":"article-journal","title":"Research questions, hypotheses and objectives","container-title":"Canadian Journal of Surgery","page":"278","volume":"53","issue":"4","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Farrugia","given":"Patricia"},{"family":"Petrisor","given":"Bradley A."},{"family":"Farrokhyar","given":"Forough"},{"family":"Bhandari","given":"Mohit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Farrugia, Petrisor, Farrokhyar, & Bhandari, 2010). The research objectives for this research are listed below:

RO1: To determine if there is a relationship between the size of PM (particulate matter) size and employee health.

RO2: To determine if the safety training has been successful to reduce the lost-time hours

RO3: To determine if the frequency, chord length, velocity and displacement can be used to predict dB levels.

RO4: To know if the revised training program is better than the prior training program.

RO5; To determine if there is any difference in the level of lead in the blood of employees before and after the lead remediation program.

RO6; To determine if the differences exist in return on investment for air monitoring, water reclamation, soil remediation, and health and safety training projects.

Research Questions and Hypotheses

The research question should be specific and broad enough to cover all the necessary aims of the research at the same time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"WPwwnoQK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Boland, Cherry, & Dickson, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Boland, Cherry, & Dickson, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":93,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YjWHJPzk/items/GUTIK5NI"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YjWHJPzk/items/GUTIK5NI"],"itemData":{"id":93,"type":"book","title":"Doing a systematic review: A student's guide","publisher":"Sage","ISBN":"1-5264-1658-1","author":[{"family":"Boland","given":"Angela"},{"family":"Cherry","given":"Gemma"},{"family":"Dickson","given":"Rumona"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Boland, Cherry, & Dickson, 2017). The research questions and hypotheses, based on the above objectives, are given below:

RQ1: Is there any connection between PM (particulate matter) size and the number of sick leaves exist?

H01: There is no statistically important association between PM (particulate matter) size and the number of sick leaves.

HA1: There is a statistically important association between PM (particulate matter) size and the number of sick leaves.

RQ2: Have the safety training sessions been effective in reducing lost-time hours?

H02: Safety raining has not been successful in reducing number of lost-time hours

HA2: Safety raining has been successful in reducing number of lost-time hours

RQ3: Do the variables like frequency, angel, chord length, velocity and displacement can be related to noise (dB)?

H03: The frequency, angel, chord length, velocity and displacement are not related to noise (dB).

HA3: The frequency, angel, chord length, velocity and displacement are related to noise (dB).

RQ4: Is there any difference in the effectiveness of the revised and prior training programs?

H04: The revised training has been effective than the prior training program.

HA4: The revised training has not been effective than the prior training program.

RQ5: Did the lead amounts in the blood of workers increase after the lead remediation project?

H05: The lead amounts in the blood of workers increased after the lead remediation project.

HA5: The lead amounts in the blood of workers did not increase after the lead remediation project.

RQ6: Is there any difference in the return of investment by water reclamation, air monitoring, health and safety training and soil remediation projects?

H06: A difference exists in the return of investment by the four projects.

HA6: No difference exists in the return of investment by the four projects.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Boland, A., Cherry, G., & Dickson, R. (2017). Doing a systematic review: A student’s guide. Sage.

Farrugia, P., Petrisor, B. A., Farrokhyar, F., & Bhandari, M. (2010). Research questions, hypotheses and objectives. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 53(4), 278.

Unit 2 Mini Project

Business and Management (SWOT Analysis)

Name: Kathryn Campbell

Business and Management (SWOT Analysis)

Introduction & Background

The company I have selected for the SWOT Analysis is Amazon Inc. Amazon was founded in the year 1994, and its headquarters are situated in Seattle, Washington, USA. It got started from the idea of providing online bookstore services to users, but it very soon it got converted to providing fast retailing services to its customers through the internet selling each and everything one could have need of, manufacturing of readers of electronic books, and Web service. Amazon has become a world known retailer and a symbol of the success of online trading. Moreover, it is providing a platform for sellers to have their products delivered anywhere in the world.

Through continuous success and expansion, Amazon has become a listed company, annual revenue is more than $220 Billion and the Net Income is $9 Billion, and it currently has more than 613,000 employees. With its presence across the Globe Amazon has more than 310 million active users, and more than 100 million subscribers. One more interesting thing said about Amazon that in the initial days when a buying transaction was completed through Amazon a bell used to ring at its office, and very soon that bell was shut down because of the very high volume of sales and the continuous ringing of the bell CITATION Ano192 \l 1033 (Anon, 2019).

SWOT Analysis

Strengths

Amazon has too many strengths and is making effective use of those strengths since its inception. First, it has captured the greatest market share that any new entrant into the market in e-commerce field had not been able to capture in the past and would not be able to capture in the near future. Amazon has established a strong worldwide known brand name, and it holds a very solid place in the market. Other strengths of Amazon are discussed as follows:

Amazon has always been customer oriented and focuses on fulfilling customer needs, therefore it is always preferred by its customers.

Amazon follows differentiation strategy and it keeps on introducing new, innovative, and creative ideas and products in the market.

Moreover, the company is operating in a very cost effective and efficient environment i.e. it doesn’t have to hold large stocks of inventory.

It has an enormous range of products, and it owns a wide product mix that is offered through its portal which ultimately attracts a large number of customers from all over the world.

Many sellers have also got their products listed on Amazon’s websites and are trading through Amazon earning profits. We can conclude that Amazon is earning a lot from its third-party sellers as well.

Amazon has adopted the strategy of going global and providing its services globally regardless of boundaries.

Moving further Amazon has acquired many other brands such as Whole Foods, Zappos.com, woot.com, Junglee.com, IMDB.com, and so many others as well through which it has made huge profits.

Amazon is involved in three businesses i.e. Amazon Marketplace, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Amazon Prime. All these businesses are functioning well and they all provide backing to each other.

It is the company with the highest turnover in the industry i.e. over $220 Billion in revenues, and over $9 Billion in Net Income per year.

Moreover, Amazon possesses the most efficient and cost-effective distribution channels through which it has been able to get its goods delivered to customers rapidly.

Weaknesses

Amazon’s liabilities account for more than 75% of its Total Liabilities and Stockholder’s equity i.e. it heavily relies on debt financing CITATION Ama19 \l 1033 (Amazon, 2019).

It faces a lot of competition from other well-known online businesses (such as Walmart, ebay.com, etc.).

It's business model is straightforwardly imitable. Online retail businesses are becoming so popular all over the world, so contenders always pose a risk of giving Amazon a tough time.

Amazon has experienced losses in some areas of the world, and the reason behind those losses could be its free delivery services. But these cost-free delivery services prove to be too costly when estimated in an international context.

Some of the innovations by Amazon (such as Fire Phone and Kindle) were not able to gain popularity and were ultimately failed.

Amazon has been experiencing public criticism over tax avoidance. And these controversies would lead to a negative image of the company.

Due to its limited presence in physical form, it has been unable to reach and provide its services to its customers over far-flung areas.

Amazon cannot hold items such as food, etc. in its inventory for long because such items are easily

A huge challenge is customer service and Amazon is bearing too many costs in such respect.

New marketplaces where Amazon enters there it may have still had to suffer challenges of credibility, and customers may not trust it.

Opportunities

Being an e-commerce business there is always an opportunity for Amazon to increase the scope of its operations and penetrate new markets.

Along with the online extension of the business, it should consider an increasing number of its physical stores as well.

It has the chance to decrease fake sales by developing technologically and refining its organizational policies.

Amazon can go for backward integration i.e. having direct involvement in the process of producing a product.

It should consider purchasing more online businesses to enlarge the scale of its operations.

Amazon has credibility among all its stakeholders, so it has easy access to financing for expansion plans.

Being a largely profitable company, it should keep investing in welfare projects to meets is Corporate Social Responsibilities and to have an image among the public.

As it is already running on a technological base it should try to reduce human intervention in processes to as much extent as possible to save its labor costs.

Customers have their accounts registered with Amazon’s website. It can access customer data to identify their needs and fulfill them in an efficient manner.

Being customer-centric Amazon should adopt the strategy of providing customized products to its customers to capture more market share.

Threats

Recent controversies against Amazon have caused it to face customer dissatisfaction.

Government regulations in home and foreign countries can have an adverse effect on business activities and profits.

Customer data that is lying on Amazon’s websites may be subject to theft with some cybercrime attack.

Other large retail companies such as Walmart, ebay.com, no matter they are not as large as Amazon, but still these can be a sign of danger for it.

There are no barriers to entering the e-commerce business, so Amazon may have to face a challenge from some wholly new entrant.

Third-party sellers may damage Amazon’s reputation by selling defected products.

Amazon’s intellectual property such as logos, pictures, product descriptions, videos, and music, etc. may be copied by others and damage Amazon’s image.

Search Engine Optimization websites (i.e. Google or others) may change their algorithms. Ultimately causing a complete descent in Amazon’s web traffic.

Returns and guarantees/warranties of the defected products may cause Amazon to pay a lot.

There may be stock out situations when many orders come. So, it is necessary to have a warehouse.

Conclusion

From the SWOT analysis, we have formed a clear picture and status of Amazon. There may be some modifications and enhancements needed to better run its operations. Summarizing the above Amazon needs to improve the condition of its key areas, overcome its weaknesses, and utilize all of its available resources to avail the opportunities in the best way possible, and to have strategies in place to counter any threats it may have to face in future CITATION ROB17 \l 1033 (GREENSPAN, 2017).

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Amazon. (2019, June 6). FORM 10-K. Retrieved from www.sec.gov: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872419000004/amzn-20181231x10k.htm

Anon. (2019, June 6). Amazon SWOT 2019 | SWOT analysis of Amazon. Retrieved from bstrategyhub.com: https://bstrategyhub.com/swot-analysis-of-amazon-amazon-swot/

GREENSPAN, R. (2017, February 20). Amazon.com Inc. SWOT Analysis & Recommendations. Retrieved from http://panmore.com: http://panmore.com/amazon-com-inc-swot-analysis-recommendations

Unit 3 Essay

Unit 3 Essay

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Unit 3 Essay

Crimes are Statutory Offenses

The phrase “crimes are statutory offenses” demonstrate that an act that violated a criminal statute, prove beyond the doubt in acts commitment, and prove the capacity for the purpose to form criminal intent. Further, a particular behavior is not a crime until it is considered so by the court or legislation (Mallor, et al, 2012). Based on my thinking, I think that there are acts and crimes written by states and covered by statues.

Criminal Intent

It is a category of the Mens Rea which is the foundation for the establishment of guilt in the criminal case. Many types of criminal intent are there which could be determined in cases from premeditated acts the other impulsive acts (Weihofen, 1989).

Constitutional Safeguard

The 5th amendment titled "guarantee basic procedural and substantive fairness to criminal defendants”. It is an initial procedure to indicate one that follows Miranda rights. In case your Miranda rights are violated then it may impact the result of the trial and can be throughout (Blitz, 2005). This also works and protects the person from testimonial self-incrimination while the Double Jeopardy clause is the most crucial part of this amendment.

Prosecuted a Person Twice for Same Act

When it comes to the Double Jeopardy clause made by the supreme court in the year 1969 that applies to both the states and the federal government, no single person can be prosecuted twice for one or the same act (Blitz, 2005). It cannot be done so because it is not allowed by the Double Jeopardy clause when it has been established.

RICO

By definition and actual meaning, RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupted Organization Act) is a federal or federal level law that is established for the purpose to combat organized crimes in the state of America. RICO allows the civil penalties and prosecution for the purpose of racketeer activity that is performed as a part of a continuous criminal or crime enterprise (Mallor, et al, 2012).

References

Blitz, M. J. (2005). Constitutional Safeguards for Silent Experiments in Living: Libraries, the Right to Read, and a First Amendment Theory for an Unaccompanied Right to Recieve Information. UMKC L. Rev., 74, 799.

Mallor, J., Barnes, A. J., Bowers, L. T., & Langvardt, A. (2012). Business law. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Weihofen, H. (1989). Partial Insanity and Criminal Intent. Ill. L. Rev., 24, 505.

Unit 3 MBA 5652

Research Methodology, Design, and Methods

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Research Methodology, Design, and Methods

Chapter for research design is the next step to analyze topics for research design. This chapter will include a brief analysis of various topics. In the beginning, the research methodology will be discussed in detail. After research methodology, research design and methods used in research will be explained. This chapter will discuss the data collection methods for this research study. And then, this chapter will discuss the sampling and data analysis procedures used in this research study.

The responses taken from participants showed a relationship between the safety and health of workers and the Sun Coast's performance. It was also studied that Sun Coast also provides a safe and better working environment for workers by eliminating substances, which can be a hindrance to their growth.

Research Methodology

The research methodology is quantitative research. Choosing quantitative research is to follow the scientific and systematic methods to justify and understand the questions of how and why people act and think in some specific ways ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"34qeBMOz","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Nardi, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Nardi, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":155,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/PS7V5XEL"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/PS7V5XEL"],"itemData":{"id":155,"type":"book","title":"Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"1-351-69725-0","author":[{"family":"Nardi","given":"Peter M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Nardi, 2018).

Research Design

Descriptive research design is suitable and appropriate. Reason for descriptive design is because of systematic and accurate study about the impacts of the work environment on the workers' health and safety. A descriptive research design aims to study the associations and relationships between or among the required variables ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"fmyLnoL8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dulock, 1993)","plainCitation":"(Dulock, 1993)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":156,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/EYWF57SP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/EYWF57SP"],"itemData":{"id":156,"type":"article-journal","title":"Research Design: Descriptive Research","container-title":"Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing","page":"154-157","volume":"10","issue":"4","source":"SAGE Journals","DOI":"10.1177/104345429301000406","ISSN":"1043-4542","shortTitle":"Research Design","journalAbbreviation":"J Pediatr Oncol Nurs","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Dulock","given":"Helen L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1993",10,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dulock, 1993).

Research Method

The research method will give a brief about the research methods being used for this research study. The quantitative method is used for this research study. Quantitative researches aim to focus on a common reality regardless of theory differences, and many people can agree to this reality ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HuwlKYwN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Newman, Benz, & Ridenour, 1998)","plainCitation":"(Newman, Benz, & Ridenour, 1998)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":158,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/TS45SPQY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/TS45SPQY"],"itemData":{"id":158,"type":"book","title":"Qualitative-quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring the Interactive Continuum","publisher":"SIU Press","number-of-pages":"244","source":"Google Books","abstract":"Rejecting the artificial dichotomy between qualitative and quantitative research strategies in the social and behavioral sciences, Isadore Newman and Carolyn R. Benz argue that the two approaches are neither mutually exclusive nor interchangeable; rather, the actual relationship between the two paradigms is one of isolated events on a continuum of scientific inquiry. Through graphic and narrative descriptions, Newman and Benz show research to be a holistic endeavor in the world of inquiry. To clarify their argument, they provide a diagram of the \"qualitative-quantitative interactive continuum\" showing that qualitative analysis with its feedback loops can easily modify the types of research questions asked in quantitative research and that the quantitative results and its feedback can change what will be asked qualitatively. In their model for research—an \"interactive continuum\"—Newman and Benz emphasize four major points: the research question dictates the selection of research methods; consistency between question and design can lead to a method of critiquing research studies in professional journals; the interactive continuum model is built around the place of theory; and the assurance of \"validity\" of research is central to all studies.","ISBN":"978-0-8093-2150-6","note":"Google-Books-ID: xumf1ABFz8cC","shortTitle":"Qualitative-quantitative Research Methodology","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Newman","given":"Isadore"},{"family":"Benz","given":"Carolyn R."},{"family":"Ridenour","given":"Professor Carolyn S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1998"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Newman, Benz, & Ridenour, 1998). This research study is a descriptive research study where data is being analyzed statistically. The descriptive research method aims to explain the phenomena by the help of data being collected, and with the help of statistics, the data is analyzed ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"YpzzZUbW","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Offredy & Vickers, 2010)","plainCitation":"(Offredy & Vickers, 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/63H44UHF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/63H44UHF"],"itemData":{"id":161,"type":"book","title":"Developing a Healthcare Research Proposal: An Interactive Student Guide","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","number-of-pages":"293","source":"Google Books","abstract":"Are you new to research and daunted by the idea of constructing your own research proposal? Then this is the book you need! This book and accompanying web resource will answer all your questions about healthcare research by introducing you to the concepts, theories and practicalities surrounding it. The aim of both the book and the web resource is to help you to write a good healthcare research proposal – which is the starting point for any would-be student researcher. The book takes a look at the theory of research, the core of the topic, but also provides practical help and advice along the way. It takes the reader through the stages of the research process from developing the question to communicating the findings, demystifying the process on the way. The web resource works alongside the book, supplementing and expanding on the chapters, giving you the ability to prepare your very own research proposal. Explains key concepts in a clear, easy to understand way Includes activities and scenarios for you to work through which will also increase your understanding of research and research proposals Easily navigable web resource (www.researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals.com) Both book and website are arranged in the same order in which you would develop and write a research proposal Website includes downloadable research proposal template to complete step-by-step as you work through the book and web resource","ISBN":"978-1-4051-8337-6","note":"Google-Books-ID: hdfMcHfKgPsC","shortTitle":"Developing a Healthcare Research Proposal","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Offredy","given":"Maxine"},{"family":"Vickers","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",5,17]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Offredy & Vickers, 2010).

Data Collection Methods

Secondary and primary data has been collected in order to get the relevant data for research. The data collected for the research study were gathered in the first hand and secondary sources. Participants were asked questions, which means that a questionnaire was used.

Sampling Design

The sampling design for this research design would be non-probability (convenience sampling) because the participants are available. Convenience sampling is the one in which the targeted participants meet the criteria and available for participation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"vODLflh3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Etikan, Musa, & Alkassim, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Etikan, Musa, & Alkassim, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":167,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/4FKN8JHG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/4FKN8JHG"],"itemData":{"id":167,"type":"article-journal","title":"Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling","container-title":"American journal of theoretical and applied statistics","page":"1-4","volume":"5","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Etikan","given":"Ilker"},{"family":"Musa","given":"Sulaiman Abubakar"},{"family":"Alkassim","given":"Rukayya Sunusi"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Etikan, Musa, & Alkassim, 2016). There was a total of 321 participants, including 45 percent of males and 55 percent of females. Among these participants, 60 percent of the participants were either workers or the employees of the Sun Coast Company.

Data Analysis Procedures

With the help of SPSS the data analysis will be carried out. And to test hypothesis data will be analyzed in SPSS. SPSS is a software to analyze the quantitative data, which is not time-consuming, and it has benefits of modeling on multilevel ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"0r7uHnwH","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Heck, Thomas, & Tabata, 2011)","plainCitation":"(Heck, Thomas, & Tabata, 2011)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":174,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/XRADY2AW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/XRADY2AW"],"itemData":{"id":174,"type":"book","title":"Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling with IBM SPSS","publisher":"Routledge","number-of-pages":"356","source":"Google Books","abstract":"This is the first book to demonstrate how to use the multilevel and longitudinal modeling techniques available in IBM SPSS Version 18. The authors tap the power of SPSS''s Mixed Models routine to provide an elegant and accessible approach to these models. Readers who have learned statistics using this software will no longer have to adapt to a new program to conduct quality multilevel and longitudinal analyses. Annotated screen shots with all of the key output provide readers with a step-by-step understanding of each technique as they are shown how to navigate through the program. Diagnostic tools, data management issues, and related graphics are introduced throughout. SPSS commands show the flow of the menu structure and how to facilitate model building. Annotated syntax is also available for those who prefer this approach. Most chapters feature an extended example illustrating the logic of model development. These examples show readers the context and rationale of the research questions and the steps around which the analyses are structured. The data used in the text and syntax examples are available at http://www.psypress.com/multilevel-modeling-techniques/ . The book opens with the conceptual and methodological issues associated with multilevel and longitudinal modeling, followed by a discussion of SPSS data management techniques which facilitate working with multilevel, longitudinal, and/or cross-classified data sets. The next few chapters introduce the basics of multilevel modeling, how to develop a multilevel model, and trouble-shooting techniques for common programming and modeling problems along with potential solutions. Models for investigating individual and organizational change are developed in chapters 5 and 6, followed by models with multivariate outcomes in chapter 7. Chapter 8 illustrates SPSS''s facility for examining models with cross-classified data structures. The book concludes with thoughts about ways to expand on the various multilevel and longitudinal modeling techniques introduced and issues to keep in mind in conducting multilevel analyses. Ideal as a supplementary text for graduate level courses on multilevel, longitudinal, latent variable modeling, multivariate statistics, and/or advanced quantitative techniques taught in departments of psychology, business, education, health, and sociology, this book''s practical approach will also appeal to researchers in these fields. The book provides an excellent supplement to Heck & Thomas''s An Introduction to Multilevel Modeling Techniques, 2nd Edition; however, it can also be used with any multilevel and/or longitudinal modeling book or as a stand-alone text. ps around which the analyses are structured. The data used in the text and syntax examples are available at http://www.psypress.com/multilevel-modeling-techniques/ . The book opens with the conceptual and methodological issues associated with multilevel and longitudinal modeling, followed by a discussion of SPSS data management techniques which facilitate working with multilevel, longitudinal, and/or cross-classified data sets. The next few chapters introduce the basics of multilevel modeling, how to develop a multilevel model, and trouble-shooting techniques for common programming and modeling problems along with potential solutions. Models for investigating individual and organizational change are developed in chapters 5 and 6, followed by models with multivariate outcomes in chapter 7. Chapter 8 illustrates SPSS''s facility for examining models with cross-classified data structures. The book concludes with thoughts about ways to expand on the various multilevel and longitudinal modeling techniques introduced and issues to keep in mind in conducting multilevel analyses. Ideal as a supplementary text for graduate level courses on multilevel, longitudinal, latent variable modeling, multivariate statistics, and/or advanced quantitative techniques taught in departments of psychology, business, education, health, and sociology, this book''s practical approach will also appeal to researchers in these fields. The book provides an excellent supplement to Heck & Thomas''s An Introduction to Multilevel Modeling Techniques, 2nd Edition; however, it can also be used with any multilevel and/or longitudinal modeling book or as a stand-alone text. techniques introduced and issues to keep in mind in conducting multilevel analyses. Ideal as a supplementary text for graduate level courses on multilevel, longitudinal, latent variable modeling, multivariate statistics, and/or advanced quantitative techniques taught in departments of psychology, business, education, health, and sociology, this book''s practical approach will also appeal to researchers in these fields. The book provides an excellent supplement to Heck & Thomas''s An Introduction to Multilevel Modeling Techniques, 2nd Edition; however, it can also be used with any multilevel and/or longitudinal modeling book or as a stand-alone text.","ISBN":"978-1-136-99635-1","note":"Google-Books-ID: XVOzAQAAQBAJ","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Heck","given":"Ronald H."},{"family":"Thomas","given":"Scott L."},{"family":"Tabata","given":"Lynn N."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011",4,27]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Heck, Thomas, & Tabata, 2011).

References

Dulock, H. L. (1993). Research Design: Descriptive Research. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 10(4), 154–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/104345429301000406

Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4.

Heck, R. H., Thomas, S. L., & Tabata, L. N. (2011). Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling with IBM SPSS. Routledge.

Nardi, P. M. (2018). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. Routledge.

Newman, I., Benz, C. R., & Ridenour, P. C. S. (1998). Qualitative-quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring the Interactive Continuum. SIU Press.

Offredy, M., & Vickers, P. (2010). Developing a Healthcare Research Proposal: An Interactive Student Guide. John Wiley & Sons.