The Leadership Context Essay

Leadership Styles and Methods

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Leadership Styles and Methods

Introduction

Leadership is one of the key traits that allows a person to make sure that they are able to analyse a thing or a trend in a better manner. The idea behind leadership is to make sure that the line of difference is going to be created in terms of the way people are supposed to do their job. The other thing about leadership is to make sure that one is able to give a broader group that has different interests and ideas to work in a combined direction. The other thing that has to be noted in terms of how the leadership is supposed to work is that how the path is going to be created that would allow people to ensure that they are able lead others in any given situation. In this paper, it is going to be seen that what sort of role leadership is supposed to perform in a critical situation and how decision making varies given the context (Liu et al. 2016).

Scenario 1: In a Hollywood Film, Cast and Crew

One thing that has to be noted about the film making process is that how it is a creative process and at times, there are always going to be differences in terms of how the director has envisioned something and how it is going to turn out towards the end (Sunindijo et al, 2017). Keeping in mind the stakes that are involved in the film making process, it is important that director gives the sense of direction to the way film is going to turn out, but equally important is to make sure that there should be sense of direction in terms of how the project is going to turn out. One of the first thing that has to be done when facing such situation is that there should be broader idea about how things are supposed to unfold, but the creativity that is involved means that there is always likelihood of making sure that how the vision or a sense of emotion that the director has in mind is going to be portrayed on the screen (Politis, 2015). The other thing that is very important during the course of the whole process is to ensure that creative input is taken from all the stakeholders at the given point of time, but one should not allow the opinion of just about every other person to deviate from the core process (Hersey et al, 2017). If one looks at some of the largest franchises, then the reason that they have been working out so well is due to the fact that in a sense, they had continuity and broader narrative that connects to the franchise but there the director is supposed to make sure that they bring their own sensibilities to the whole process. For instance, if one takes an example of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, the directors that are on board for the different movies, except for the Russo brothers, none of the Directors that are involved in the project have been able to stay for a long time with the project. One of the reasons that they have not linked themselves with one director is due to the fact that the idea is to make sure that each of the person that is brought on board during the course of the project has to work in the manner that it allows them to bring their own creative method and process in mind (Hersey et al, 2017). The core story, and the sense of direction that the whole “Universe” has still remains the same, but the fact remains that there is sense of consistency in terms of how the narrative is shaped during the course of the whole franchise making it one of the largest cinematic Universe in the history (Sunindijo et al, 2017). This is a very example of leadership by Kevin Fiege that has allowed all these people to make sure that they bring about their own take on how things are supposed to be working without bringing about much of a change in the direction towards which the whole universe is going to conclude (Hersey et al, 2017).

Scenario 2: A Sports Coach

As is the case with any team activity, the sports also called for the leadership and one of the key people that has to give that leading direction is the coach of the sports team. They are the leaders of the team and thus they have to ensure that they make everything together. In that sense, the transformational leadership style is the one that works out well during the course of the whole process and is one of the key features of how the leadership is supposed to be working out (Sunindijo et al, 2017). The good coach is supposed to make sure that they bring about the sense of responsibility in terms of how people are reacting towards different situations in the game. The coach at the same time must realize that what are some of the physical and mental challenges that are faced during the course of the whole process and how the physical limitation of any individual is needed to be worked out so that they are able to achieve the targets at any given point of time (Sunindijo et al, 2017). The sports coach has to ensure that they stay impartial when imparting the coaching lessons. What it means is that they should be in the position to make sure that the individual needs of all the people who are involved in the team building process must work together towards ensuring better coordination among people (Amanchukwu et al, 2015). There should not be any sense of partiality regarding how the coach is working at any given point of time. Not only that, the coach has to make sure that they are giving equal importance to all the people who are the part of the team and in that sense, the respect and the integrity has to be there. It has to be noted that in any team environment, there are going to be people who are bound to have different set of skills. Not only that, there are going to be the players who are in development or they do not have the required skillset as compared to the major players (Amanchukwu et al, 2015). When the coach is faced with any such situation, the effort on their part has to be made to make sure that they must create such environment in the team meeting that the sense of inclusion has to be there in terms of how things are needed to be done. Not only that, they should assess the weak areas of the people who are involved in the sport and make an effort to ensure that not only their strengths and weaknesses are worked upon, a winning environment is created. The winning environment is such where the players have a sense of purpose with regards to the way things are needed to be done at the given point of time. The sports coach not only needs to make sure that how the shared vision is needed to be there. Not only that, effort has to be made to make sure that the combined communication has to be carried out and the healthy team building exercise has to be done to ensure that all the targets are being attained at the given point of time (Amanchukwu et al, 2015). In sports, usually the leader is the coach, but sometimes certain players are appointed team leaders and must possess some of the same leadership characteristics as an effective coach. Coaches and team leaders are typically respected by other team members not only for their sports skills and abilities but also for other qualities, such as responsibility, work ethic and attitude, explains Bret Johnson of Camp Quarterback. Coaches and other sports leaders must lead by example most of all and must own and demonstrate the same qualities they expect from their team members.

Conclusion

It has to be noted that both the scenarios that are being discussed above, one thing that is quite clear in both the cases is that people should be allowed to explore themselves and there must be an environment where the creative abilities of the people must be allowed to come to shore (Amanchukwu et al, 2015). The only thing that is quite important during this whole process is to make sure that the transformation aims are needed to be setup in the right manner. Not only that, the leaders should always be giving the broader sense of vision and direction to the people. It has to be noted that in both the scenarios, the people who were on board had an idea about how sports are being played and how film making is needed to be done. So, in this regard, it is imperative that effort is made to ensure that the this is only done where people have slight awareness of the issues in hand.

References

Amanchukwu, R. N., Stanley, G. J., & Ololube, N. P. (2015). A review of leadership theories, principles and styles and their relevance to educational management. Management, 5(1), 6-14.

Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. H., & Johnson, D. E. (2017). Management of organizational behavior (Vol. 9). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall.

Liu, W., Lepak, D. P., Takeuchi, R., & Sims Jr, H. P. (2016). Matching leadership styles with employment modes: Strategic human resource management perspective. Human resource management review, 13(1), 127-152.

Politis, J. D. (2015). The relationship of various leadership styles to knowledge management. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(8), 354-364.

Sunindijo, R. Y., Hadikusumo, B. H., & Ogunlana, S. (2017). Emotional intelligence and leadership styles in construction project management. Journal of management in engineering, 23(4), 166-170.

The Leadership Journey

Smith

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

The Leadership Journey

Famous for being a kid’s channel, Nickelodeon desired to expand its production variety into other shows like comedy, sports, reality, music, drama, and animation. With time, the pressure on Nickelodeon increased due to new competitors. Taran was a business development Director for Nickelodeon International. In her tenure, she observed that the programs for children were very slow and insufficient. The Latin American channel showed only old and outdated cartoons. With this situation in view, Taran Swan decided to open an office in Latin America. But one of the concerns included the unstable and impulsive economy of Latin America. This made Nickelodeon’s accomplishment in Latin America ambiguous. She strived to set up the office and with hard work, became General Manager of the Nickelodeon Latin America Channel. Now due to a medical emergency, she was not able to run the office for the next six months or more. The business circumstances are vague and the team, to work efficiently, needs a leader in her place. 

Culture of Swan’s Group

Initially, the team was not trained. They lacked the spirit of teamwork and unity. They used to argue over matters which would waste their time. Most of the time was spent in bringing people on the same page to even start working. The other main issue the team faced was that it was extremely difficult to get advertisements. The team had anticipated this issue, but in reality, it turned out to be more critical. In addition to this, the team at Nickelodeon was familiar with the sharing organizational structure. This lacking led to the tension and misconception between Nickelodeon and MTV, which substantially affected the outcomes. Swan had only one solution for this problem. She developed her infrastructure, but it led to huge expenses for the company. Concurrently, the economies of Asia had been facing a continuous recession. So, with the disorganized structure of the team and insufficient profit from the investment, put Swan in a critical position.

Swan’s Leadership Style

Swan’s leadership style was strategic and transformational. She could quickly comprehend the situation, adapt, and implement a suitable solution. She quickly realized that in this industry, culture is a critical factor. So, she decided to create a channel that would become a Latin American kid’s first choice. After the consultation, she recruited new members of her team. She would also work in collaboration with MTV staff. Swan explicitly told MTV staff that they would require to shift their focus to programs for children, which they did. The competitors of Nickelodeon provided this service for free, however, Swan decided that they would provide quality service with charges. This shows that she was willing to take risks and did not vacillate to implement her ideas. She was confident and did not hesitate to share her thoughts. Not only could she perform well, but she was a team player too and encouraged others to contribute. With her impressive leadership qualities, she was able to hire people like Stephen Grieder who hugely contributed to the success of Nickelodeon. She always paid attention to issues deeply. As much she was motivated to work and engage others in productive activities, she also had a relaxed and enjoyable personality. She made sure that everyone took their role seriously and focused on practical work rather than just imagining outcomes. Due to this, self-responsibility culture prospered among the team.

She trusted her team with responsibilities. She made sure that everyone’s opinion was heard. She not only advised the team verbally but also demonstrated the model for a successful team and effective leadership. However, Swan disliked those who did not contribute creatively, instead only implemented the plan of others. She believed that success was the ultimate goal rather than an option. She maintained comfortable and friendly working conditions for the members. She used to chair the meetings in the beginning but later she assigned the task of conducting a weekly meeting to one of the members. During that week, the members would be in charge of firm affairs. The method proved to be successful and the members admired it.

Influence of Swan’s Leadership Style on Swan’s Group

The leadership style of a leader plays a significant role in shaping and reshaping a team and same was the case for Swan’s group. Her excellent leadership qualities set the team on the path of progress. With her managerial skills, she designed the culture through evaluation of necessities of teamwork, coordination between team organization and composition, facilitation in the task process, development of fitting culture, and mentoring the members. She assessed the team structure to ensure that everyone on the team had adequate knowledge and expertise for performing well. For any team, it is very important to define clear roles and goals for every member along with assigning relevant tasks to them. She encouraged her team members by fighting for the hired experts and giving them ownership. With her impressive leadership role, she was able to transform the team.

Problem

After the eighteenth month, Swan launched Nickelodeon Latin America. She had to leave the Miami Headquarters to go back to her place in New York. She was not able to travel for a minimum of six months and had to take bed rest. This seemed to affect the progress of the team due to the absence of managerial authority for the next sixth months or more. As Swan was in charge of making significant decisions, the key issue was that in her absence, the productivity of the team would decline and expansion plan would escalate. So, she had to run a channel in Miami from home in New York. For the distant style of leadership to work, she had to make necessary modifications in her style as well as the relationship with the team. 

Solution

The best possible solution was that she makes someone an interim leader while she was away. She needed to ponder over who should be the interim leader in her place. Previously, Swan had recruited and trained numerous reliable and devoted members who could be assessed for the position of interim leader. Anyone from Donna Friedman, Valerie McCarty, Sonia Schwarz, and Stephen Grieder could be the interim leader. Every candidate has the individual skillset, expertise, and leadership style to run the channel. An action plan was proposed to assess the candidates and choose the candidate who suited the position. However, the key aspect would be if the candidates can manage a team and prove beneficial for team growth.

Taran refers to the eight factors encompassed by the reading, ‘Eight Ways to Build Collaborative Teams’. These factors include investment in significant affiliations, forming a gift culture, modeling collaborative behavior, support of a robust sense of society, assignment of the task as well as relation-oriented leaders, guaranteeing the mandatory skills, improvement of inherited relationships and comprehension of roles, and related ambiguities. They can be used to develop a model for the interim leader to succeed.

It is important to appoint a leader so that communication and direction are clear. Even after the new interim leader is elected, Swan will stay in touch with the progress of the team through the interim leader. She would mentor and guide the leader in intricate situations while making major decisions. She would be able to maintain the progress of the team and get adequate rest. 

Conclusion

This case study was designed to determine the effects of leadership style and efforts on the progress and culture of a team. The research allowed the readers to discuss and analyze perplexities of leadership which must be addressed to develop a progressive culture, emphasize individual growth versus collective development, focus on constructive feedback against conflict, present work performance versus long-standing growth and authoritative leadership style versus independent leadership style. 

The Marketing Functions In Business

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Items to Identify Commercial OneCommercial Two1. Provide a link to each commercial.https//www.youtube.com/watchv5-ahnFYzMp8https//www.youtube.com/watchvqdPXQLrueRg2. What product/service is offered in the commercial Coca-ColaCoca-Cola3. What message does the commercial send to the audience The message is, sharing is caring, the name on Coke bottles add a personalized touch Brotherly love is an amazing ad for brothers and gives a message of always being there for brothers when it matters. 4. How would you describe the general target market for the company Be sure to include the following as you describe the target market

Age range

Likes/dislikes

Interests

Life goals

Coca-Cola Company has a huge target market. For every product, the target market is different in terms of age group, lifestyle and sexes.

Age 20-75

Fun-loving, Energetic People who have different hobbies, like exploring new things, like to look good Coca-Cola Company has a huge target market. For every product, the target market is different in terms of age group, lifestyle and sexes.

Age 20-75

Fun-loving, Energetic

People who have different hobbies, like exploring new things, like to look good5. How would you describe the specific market segment that the commercial is designed to reach Be sure to include the following as you describe the market segment

Age range

Likes/dislikes

Interests

Life goals

These commercials targets youth who like to have fun and active social life. Age 18-26 (all genders) Having a community of friends Friendly, fun-loving, life of the party Developing empathy and gentlenessIn this commercial, teenagers are the main target. Every teenager will think of his or her brother or sister while watching this ad. They will appreciate their presence in life. Age 15-22 Playing games, reading books, doing sports, listening to music Family harmony 6. What is the connection between the commercials message and the specific market segment The advertisement, Share a Coke is targeted at young energetic people, who like to socialize. It connects with them in the way that a little touch of personalization (names on Coke bottles) can add meaning to social connections This commercial is targeted at the teenagers and the market segment and commercial both try to reach out to the same audience. The company targets other adults who watch the commercial and make than long for Coke. Seeing people of their own age having Coke while playing games, enjoying sports etc. 7. Prior to producing the commercial, how would utilizing a marketing research method(s) contribute to reaching the intended audience It will guide in the ways to communicate and design the message alongside educating the marketer about the needs and characteristics of the target audience. Market research can be an ultimate guide to designing the market campaign. It unearths the media habits of the target audience, check-in on to competition and guides designing the right theme to hit target audience emotionally.

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The Policy Cycle

The Policy Cycle

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The Policy Cycle

No policy cycle or process can take place unless there is an agenda for it. An agenda is the assortment of issues, contemplations of its reasons, clarifications, and other components of public issues that come to the consideration of the community and their lawmaking officials. Agendas exist at all stages of state’s management and policy-making (Protess, McCombs, 2016).

Policy cycle comprises of eight different stages; the first stage of any policy process is agenda setting. Agenda setting is a vital part of public policy development. It is basically the issue-sorting stage in the public policy process where policymakers or legislators discuss and ponder upon some key issues that need to be resolved. Agenda setting purpose is to identify the problem of the state or its public concerns and then define the problem and decide about its solution. This stage of policymaking helps policymakers decide what should be addressed and what should be ignored. There are usually numerous issues that need to be addressed but some needs serious attention and long term plan to address them.

Multiple agendas are discussed by the policymakers before they are put forward for further debate. In agenda-setting, the public problem is put on the agenda, and the policy makers try to look for its long term solution.

There can be multiple agendas such as:

Systemic agendas. Systemic agendas encompass all matters of concerns policymakers believe are worthy of addressing.

Institutional agendas. Institutional agendas are shaped from systemic agendas. In the institutional agenda, policymakers scrutinize issues and their suggested solutions in a specific time frame.

Discretionary agendas. Discretionary agendas address the issues that are highlighted by policymakers that have not essentially made it into the above agendas.

Decision agendas. These agendas are the confirmed list of problems or concerns to be put forward to the next stage of the policy-making process (Birkland, 2015).

References

Birkland, T. A. (2015). An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts, and models of public policy making. Routledge.

Protess, D., & McCombs, M. E. (2016). Agenda setting: Readings on media, public opinion, and policymaking. Routledge.

The Policy Cycle And Personality Traits In Leaders



Full Title of Your Paper Here

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

The Policy Cycle and Personality Traits in Leader

Agenda setting is the essential stage that comprises the process to highlight the manifestations of the problem. None of the other relevant policies can be assured to exist in the first place in the absence of agenda settings. Such critical and imperative are the manifestations of agenda settings. For instance, it can be related to the stage where various organizations, staffers, US Congress and committees gather information to determine whether a new law has been warranted. Among the widespread problems, sexual harassment is the dominant challenge which ought to be addressed by the policymakers. The agenda settings accelerate the process to confront the challenging situations by explicitly highlighting the root causes of the problem.

A leader is defined by the scintillating skill set possessed by him. Johnson-Sirleaf is an explicit illustration of the outstanding skills possesses by the leader. She was the first female President of Liberia. The exquisite traits prominent in her personality were strength, charisma and a staunch win against the opponents. Her significant leadership skills were rewarded with the Nobel Prize in 2011. Without a shade of doubt, seasoned skills are the cornerstones of becoming a potential and inspiring leader. If a leader is proficient, the organizational productivity will accelerate. The street-level and the mid-level bureaucrats assume an instrumental role to shape the collaborative nature of the public administration. Without experienced leadership skills, they may face adversities to face the challenges at several state levels. The instance deliberates the importance of critical leadership skills in each walk of life. It is not only restricted to the dimensions of an organization. Johnson-Sirleaf is an inspiring example which speaks volumes about the potential leadership skills and their prominence.

The Role Of MNCs In International Business

The Role of MNCs in International Business

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The Role of MNCs in International Business

The world of business is experiencing new changes every now and then. These changes can especially be noticed in the case of international or global business scenario, where multiple business organizations re working day and night to catch the attention of the clients and make a good name in the market. It is an undeniable and commonly known fact that the ultimate goal of every business organization is to maximize their profits while keeping the level of costs to the minimum level, whether the organization is working at a local or national level or at an international level. Multi-national Companies or corporations are widely known in this respect for leaving an impact all over the world for their diverse and wide operations.

A multi-national Company or corporation (MNC) refers to an organization that has its operations in more than one countries. Also commonly known as a Multi-National Enterprise (MNE), these business organizations operate both in the area of production and services sector (Birkinshaw, 2016). The first ever Multi-national Corporation in the world was Dutch East India Company, which was found on March 20, 1602 in the subcontinent. Multi-National Corporations

There are a number of MNCs that are working in the global business scenario and serving the customers in different regions of the world. One of the most prominent and probably the biggest Multi-national Company working in the world currently is McDonalds. McDonalds is a food chain with restaurants in 119 countries, which is enough to prove its worth in the world as the one of the bigger MNCs in the world. Recently McDonalds has recently opened a branch of its food chain in Vietnam. The potential expansion of the food chain to Vietnam will definitely encourage the other MNCs to move into countries like Vietnam and other regions of Africa. The new product line in the form of McPork Burger can facilitate the economy of the country to a great extent.

References

Birkinshaw, J. (2016). Multinational corporate evolution and subsidiary development. Springer.

The Role Of Washington

The Role of Washington

Your Name (First M. Last)

Date

The Role of Washington

Federalism is the specific approach adopted by the country of the United States of America when it comes to the objective of proper administration. It is worthy to mention that the federalist system in the country recognized as the one complex phenomenon that comprised of different and difficult forms of considerations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Fft065nB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gibson, 2004)","plainCitation":"(Gibson, 2004)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":579,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/JSQ34TH9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/JSQ34TH9"],"itemData":{"id":579,"type":"book","title":"Federalism and Democracy in Latin America","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","URL":"https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=MD9SBwwA7noC","ISBN":"978-0-8018-7424-6","author":[{"family":"Gibson","given":"E. L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gibson, 2004). Proper distribution of power between states and capital of the country is one major concern that requires necessary and timely attention. Undoubtedly, it is significant to figure out the position of states, and the role of Washington to determine the ultimate aspect of authority refers to the main idea of the federalist system prevails in the country. Here the particular focus is to critically analyze the role of Washington under the perspective of Federalism system.

10th Amendment to the United States Constitution refers as the guide that determines the accepted domain of the federalism by the country. It recognized as the system that provides foundations regarding the distribution of power between the federal government and the administrative authorities of states. Critical consideration of the prevalence of this system helps to identify the actual role of Washington in the entire scenario of policy creation and implementation. The reality of the federalism system adopted in the country explicitly indicates that Washington has taken the lead as the central government when it comes to the prospect of policy establishment. It is observed that whenever it comes to the power conflict between the federal and the state governments than Washington have the edge to supersede the authority of the state governments ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"GDWeTBPP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Congressional Budget Office, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Congressional Budget Office, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":578,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/ANIL9EYE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/ANIL9EYE"],"itemData":{"id":578,"type":"webpage","title":"Federal Grants to State and Local Governments","container-title":"CBO. Gov","URL":"https://www.cbo.gov/publication/43967","author":[{"family":"Congressional Budget Office","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Congressional Budget Office, 2013). Regulation of marijuana is one clear example to determine the immense level of authority of Washington as compared to the governments of different states.

To conclude the discussion about the influential role of Washington in the federalist system, it is important to explore that the major portion of power in various policy paradigms associated with the federal government. The role of Washington is dominant due to the funding it delivers to the state government as it is the central authority of administration in the country.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Congressional Budget Office. (2013). Federal Grants to State and Local Governments. Retrieved from https://www.cbo.gov/publication/43967

Gibson, E. L. (2004). Federalism and Democracy in Latin America. Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=MD9SBwwA7noC

The Role Of Washington And States As Policy Laboratories

The Role of Washington and States as Policy Laboratories

Your Name (First M. Last)

Date

The Role of Washington and States as Policy Laboratories

The Role of Washington

The role of Washington DC can never be ignored as it is recognized as the federal entity referring to the federalist system established in the country. Consideration of the role of Washington is important to identify as the distribution of power between the governments of central entity and states. Association between federal and state governments is essential due to many different aspects. Funding is referred to as the one significant feature that determines the role of central government of Washington DC under the domain of the federalist system. It is critical to evaluate how much states rely on the federal government concerning the idea of funding. States governments require funding from federal governing entity due to the wide range of policy perspectives. The facet of the authority of the federal government can observe through the examples of education, construction and many other different developmental areas. Undoubtedly, state administrative entities require funding to formulate and establish different public policy plans.

States as Policy Laboratories

Today, bullying is characterized as the one critical social issue that adversely influences the lives of people at great extent. The citizens belong to the state of Minnesota also badly influenced by this problem. It is significant to indicate that the government of the state took serious practical actions to deal with this particular problem. Formulation and the strict implementation of different policies laws and rules in the form of anti-bullying strategies is the clear example of the state’s approach to handling the problem of bullying. Particular public policies established by the state of Minnesota linked with the consideration of anti-bullying programs and strategies. The main objective of these actions by the state government is to provide protection to every citizen which is one major responsibility of the administration. The law domain of Minnesota effectively and clearly explains the problem of bullying and offer better intervention plan between key shareholders.

The Root Of The Problem

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Business and Management

Students Name

Institutional Affiliation

I think the main cause of flawed transmission problem in Ford is as a result of poor management. Management involves the coordination of various activities in an organization to attain particular goals. It entails the creation of corporate policy, planning, controlling, and organizing in addition to giving direction on the resources of the organization to attain a given target. Therefore, every activity taking place in an organization is overseen by the manager or the top leadership of the organization. These activities have to be approved by the managers for them to take place. Low quality of products that do not satisfy the requirements of the customers is as a result of the poor management of activities taking place in various parts of the production process. As a result, flawed transmission resulted because of inefficient testing techniques which resulted from poor management.

The top leadership of an organization has a significant impact on the variance of employee engagement. They, therefore, influence the performance of employees in an organization. The managers would have realized the best process for their team by even empowering and enabling the strengths for their team. The problem also would have resulted due to the inappropriate unchronological strategies because they would have resolved the transmission first before the Focus and Fiesta got to be launched (Organizational Problems The Root Cause Fix to Your Biggest Problems, n.d.). I also think that lack of assurance quality was because the managers did not consider the priority of the companys reputation.

Managers of an organization are always required to set the tone on how other employees treat their customers. The employees, therefore, ignored the negative impacts that the transmission caused to the clients because the leadership did not act as example (Fords Transmission Problem Ford Transmission Problems Presented by Stern Law, PLLC, n.d.). The managers were the root cause of the problem because they had the authority of even replacing the transmission control module besides hiring other technical teams that would have improved the Fiesta carpet floor.

In conclusion, managers have a more significant impact on every activity taking place in an organization. The success of an organization, therefore, depends on the hands of the managers as they also influence the performance level of employees.

References

Ford knew Focus, Fiesta had flawed transmission, sold them anyway. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//www.freep.com/in-depth/money/cars/ford/2019/07/11/ford-focus-fiesta-transmission-defect/1671198001/

Fords Transmission Problem Ford Transmission Problems Presented by Stern Law, PLLC. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.fordtransmissionproblems.com/fords-transmission-problem

Organizational Problems The Root Cause Fix to Your Biggest Problems. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//getlighthouse.com/blog/organizational-problems-root-cause-fix/

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The Size Of Government

The Size of Government

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The Size of Government

Bureaucracy is a specific group of non-elected people within a government who are entitled to implement the rules and policies setup by the government. The size of the federal bureaucracy has long been in a debate because its capacity and efficiency plays a crucial role in government function (Hong, 2015). The government has kept pace with the increasing size of the bureaucracy by virtue of their taxing, spending and regulating affects the allocation of economic resources.

The dimension of government taxation is also given prior importance. Because with the increasing demands the officials claim that the people are burdened with the taxes, but in general the government has efficiently used the tax money on his people. The tax proportion has risen in the past forty years irregularly standing at a rate of about 32 percent of present GNP.

The size of the government depends upon the need of the people. But the American government is not burdened by the size of its employees as long as its performing with efficiency. As the nations expand, they need to allocate resources for that insure them against the economic and social risk. People as long as they are getting benefit from the policies of the government and its fairness are willing to pay more taxes .because extension of the opportunity and security to the less fortunate is utmost priority of the government.

With the increasing size of the country, the economy of the state needs to be boosted, and the government has to play a leading role in protecting the property and safety of contracts and enhancing competition (Ramey & Zubairy, 2018). A big government is not always a bad government if it is providing quality public services. The policies made by the government should not be complicated. The American government through its policies like social security has negated this notion of burden at large.

References

Ramey, V. A., & Zubairy, S. (2018). Government spending multipliers in good times and in bad: evidence from US historical data. Journal of Political Economy, 126(2), 850-901.

Hong, S. (2015, January). Does representative bureaucracy improve public service performance?: Evidence from an instrumental variable approach. In 75th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, AOM 2015.

The Size Of Government And Reinventing Government



The Size of Government and Reinventing Government

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The Size of Government and Reinventing Government

Do you believe that the size of the federal bureaucracy has kept pace with the increasing demands on government?

Ans. The president has the authority to make executive appointments in the government and also can remove thousands of administrators. The constitution has given the power to the president but with the approval of the Senate to appoint department heads, supreme court justices, and ambassadors. The federal, bureaucracy at the highest level is in the executive schedule are it includes undersecretaries, cabinet secretaries, assistant secretaries and some other presidential appointees. Political executives around 600 to 700 are appointed by the president. The mid-level officials in the top government are appointed the president around 1600 to 1700 and roughly these estimated political appointees are in between 2200 to 2400. The size of the federal bureaucracy have increased with the passage of time and most of the political appointees are elected for 2 years tenure in which they want to make effective decisions in the administration to strengthen the administrative system. Reorganizing the government is the process to which the restructuring of different department occurs for the purpose of effective administration. President must propose the process of reorgizning to improve the efficiency of the management process and of bureaucracy.

Should government hire less? Should pay be tied to performance in the public sector?

Ans. In the year 1980, the movement of reinventing the government originated and was brought by president Bill Clinton in the form of National performance review in 1993. The movement had a lot of resemblance with the progressive movement which was also the results of previous administrative efforts. Modern ways to tame the bureaucracy was the main purpose of reinvention movement. The principles were based on creating the policies from the service delivery and empowering citizens and making them able to make decisions. To movement was also started to make cost-effective policies it was later on criticized because they did not consider the differences between private and public sector. The main purpose of public administration should be making policies which follow the best interests of the public. There should be less hiring to reduce the administrative cost of the government and improve the quality of the services. The front line administration culture should be empowered and act to improve the quality of services and transform bureaucracy in the business organization.

The Strategic Process

The Strategic Process

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

The Strategic Process

Introduction

Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall- (Stephen Covey). Management activity in an organization that is used with the intention to set priorities, assess energy and resources, strengthen operations, and ensure that employees and other stakeholders are working coherently towards common goals is called Strategic Planning. It also establishes agreement around intended outcomes and results and assesses and adjusts the organization's direction with changing social context and internal environment. Strategic planning guides an organization to set a road map to achieve the firm’s goals. Execution of these goals is called Strategic Management. In other words, the comprehensive collection of ongoing activities and processes that firms use to systematically coordinate and align resources and actions with mission and strategy in the firm to keep all the departments of the firm on track while pursuing the firm’s goals is called Strategic Management. Every entrepreneur in this competitive era looks for a well-defined strategic planning framework to manage the business activity in a firm because business activities cannot be left on their own if the investors want their business to keep running. A strategic planning framework plays an instrumental role in successful business activity because performs as a road map for the firm to achieve its development goals. Key components of a strategic planning framework include vision, mission, time frame, and objectives. A picture of a successful and bright future of a firm is presented in the vision statement. The amount of time that a firm intends to consume to achieve its short-term, mid-term, and long-term goals is called Strategic Time Frame. Finally, the goals envisioned by the executives of a firm in the vision statement are called the Strategic Objectives of the firm. Leadership is always the central entity in the formulation and implementation of a strategic planning framework. No strategy can be successfully formulated without able, competent, and committed leadership. Moreover, the implementation of a strategic planning framework without leadership is impossible.

Key Components of a Strategic Planning Framework

The process of formulating a direction for a firm to achieve its business goals is called strategic planning whereas the document that is used to communicate with the firm and the firm’s goals is called a Strategic Planning Framework. This framework also includes the actions needed to achieve those goals and all of the critical elements developed during the planning exercise in a firm. Key components of a strategic planning framework have been explained below.

Vision Statement

Vision Statement is defined to set a future image of the firm after achieving its strategic objectives. A vision attempts to briefly summarize the picture while providing a motivational element. For instance, a refrigerator producing company might set out a vision statement along the lines of, “To see a high-tech refrigerator in every home in America”. This vision statement paints a clear picture of a future where no American home lacks a high-tech refrigerator in a corner of the house. Such statements motivate the people in a firm to work restlessly to see their vision imagination turned into reality.

Mission Statement

Mission Statement follows the Vision Statement and it defines what the organization has to do to make its dream reality. It handles the question of the company's purpose in a more realistic way than the Vision Statement. A mission statement is drafted to set out the reasons for a business exists and what it hopes to achieve (Phaal, & Muller, 2009). A mission statement is considered effective if it defines the elements which are essential to achieve the firm’s goals. Typically, it communicates the essential priorities of the firm such as product manufacturing and its selling. If we revisit the example of a fictional refrigerator company, the firm intends to build and distribute computers through retail outlets for middle-class households and focuses on emphasizing on better customer services.

Strategic Time Frame

Every business strategy is formulated keeping in view that it would consume a certain amount of time to be fulfilled; the description of that amount is called Strategic Time Frame. A time frame is set out to pursue the short, mid, and long term goals of a firm. This component of a strategic planning framework provides a common frame of reference to every member of the company.

Strategic Objectives

The fourth and an important component of the strategic planning framework is called Strategic Objective which constitutes goals that a firm intends to achieve. Companies usually set goals that they will pursue in steps in a different amount of time. In the example of Refrigerator Company mentioned above, the firm can set what kinda quality they of the refrigerator in what amount of time and how much time they would require to present the product in the market. Moreover, the time frame may also define how much time the company would require to update the product in a certain way.

The Value of Using a Strategic Planning Framework

The value of using a Strategic Planning Framework can be understood by the phenomenon that almost a very successful firm in the modern era has a history of spending much money and time on the formulation of a Strategic Planning Framework. Co-Founder, Chief Operating Officer & Product Management of Envisio Solutions Inc. Cara Ong identifies five important benefits of formulating a strategic planning framework. At first, a strategic planning framework helps the organizations to stay proactive rather than reactive while competing with other rivals in a market. A firm can foresee its future and prepare itself accordingly with the help of a strategic planning framework (Mazzarol, 2004). For instance, a company can anticipate certain unfavorable scenarios before they happen and can avoid threats before time. By staying proactive with the help of a strategic planning framework firms stay up to date about the market trends. Secondly, a strategic planning framework sets a sense of direction for a firm. It means that it helps the firm to identify the track it would follow in the future. Thirdly, by keeping the firm proactive, up to date and aware of its track, the strategic planning framework increases the operational efficiency of the firm. The fourth major benefit of formulating a strategic planning framework is that it helps the firm to increase its market share and increase the profit (Ward, & Griffiths, 1996). A strategic planning framework is of much value for long-term success and sustained competitive advantage as by suggesting an organized and clear business strategy it can make a business more durable. Ong argues that business is a tumultuous concept as it may be booming one year and in debt the following year. An up to date and comprehensive strategic planning framework helps the firm to survive and grow in the rising and falling social and economic context of the firm.

The Role of Leadership in the Strategic Planning Process

Barron defines the role of strategic leadership in his article Strategic Leadership: Theoretical and Operational Definition (1995) published in the Journal of Structural Psychology in the words that leaders should think strategically about where changes are needed and why. Psychology When a firm runs, the leader is always on the driving seat. A competent and committed who is aware of the business strategy and goals of his/her firm can make the firm the leader company in the market whereas a leader who lacks such traits can cause unrepairable harm to the firm. According to Barron, strategic leadership is demonstrated by individuals in all areas of the organizational environment who possess skills to create and communicate vision and effect change through interactive leadership. Leadership is not only the CEO of a company rather all the departmental heads who contribute to decision making in a company are called leaders (Mapetere, Mavhiki, Nyamwanza, Sikomwe, & Mhonde, 2012). A competent and wise leadership formulates the strategic planning framework according to the rules of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely) goals. After formulating a framework successfully, the leadership plays an instrumental role to apply strategic planning to run the operations of the firm. Workers just come, work, and go, it is the leaders who take responsibility for the success or failure of the company.

Leadership has the responsibilities like developing an initial agreement concerning the strategic planning effort, identifying and clarifying mandates, values, and the mission of the firm, and exploring the environment outside the organization in order to identify the opportunities and threats the organization is facing. Leadership is obliged to conduct an internal environmental assessment to identify its strengths and weaknesses that are also called SWOT analysis.

AFI Strategy Framework

The strategic planning process goes on under the shadow of AFI Strategy Framework that is defined as a model that links three independent strategic management tasks that together help a firm to pursue its goals. AFI Strategy Framework includes three tasks: Analyze, Formulate, and Implement. External and Internal Analyses of a company are made to set goals for the company. After analyzing and assessing the internal cum external factors that can influence the performance of a firm, AFI Strategy Framework suggests to formulate a business strategy (Rothaermel, 2016). It determines how the firm would pursue its development goals. The third task of the AFI Strategy Framework suggests implementing the formulated strategy. Strategic Leadership, Corporate Governance, and Organization Design are included in this task. Moreover, leadership observes Business Ethics on this stage.

Conclusion

The art of formulating business strategies, implementing them, and evaluating their impact based on organizational objectives and goals is called Strategic Planning. Strategic planning sets out a road map for a company to follow in the pursuance of its goals. It also guides the leadership to identify the step it needs to take to reach the destination. Key components of a Strategic Planning Framework include Vision Statement, Mission Statement, Strategic Framework, and Strategic Objectives. Vision Statement gives a picture of the future a company intends to pursue whereas Mission Statement identifies the step the company would take to achieve those goals. Strategic Timeframe explains the amount of time the firm would require to achieve the identified goals whereas Strategic Objectives are the actual goals the organization intends to pursue. Formulating a strategic planning framework for a company has become too important in this competitive era that no organization can achieve its goals without formulating a well-defined and comprehensive strategic planning framework. Leadership is the central entity in the performance of a company that a company with able and prepared leadership might go far ahead of another company only because of leadership differences. All the Strategic Planning is formulated and implemented in accordance with the AFI Strategy Framework that consists of three stages like Analysis, Formulating, and Implementation of a business strategy. In simple words, a pre-analysis of the internal and external environment of a company is made before formulating the business strategy. Business Strategy follows this stage where the leader decides what to do. In the final stage, the formulated business strategy is implemented practically.

References

Phaal, R., & Muller, G. (2009). An architectural framework for roadmapping: Towards visual strategy. Technological forecasting and social change, 76(1), 39-49.

Mazzarol, T. (2004, September). Strategic management of small firms: A proposed framework for entrepreneurial ventures. In 17th Annual SEAANZ Conference (pp. 26-29).

Ward, J. M., & Griffiths, P. M. (1996). Strategic planning for information systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Mapetere, D., Mavhiki, S., Nyamwanza, T., Sikomwe, S., & Mhonde, C. (2012). Strategic role of leadership in strategy implementation in Zimbabwe's state owned enterprises. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(16).

Rothaermel, F. T. (2016). Strategic management: concepts (Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Education.

The United States Airline Industry

RUNNING HEAD: U.S. AIRLINE

U.S. AIRLINE

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The United States Airline Industry

Executive Summary

Majority of the countries pertains to have tight regulations for the aviation industry. The reason for that lies in the fact that the U.S. airline industry is faced with a number of different risks which may be resulting in deaths and accidents. There is a high need to understand the major obstacles to the U.S. airline industry because they lose customers in those countries where the security threats are high. The U.S. airline has had to make a number of changes for meeting the needs of such demanding clients. The matter of fact is that a majority of passengers tend to go to cheap airlines. The report put a focus on the strategies for the U.S. airline industry because before entering new markets, the U.S. airline industry must be carefully evaluating the environmental standards needed for operating such markets. One thing that must be taken into consideration is the fact that there are certain changing regulations that required the U.S. airline industry for offering quality services and protecting consumers. When it comes to the U.S. airline industry, it can simply be said that the industry is not at any threat from substitutes. . In the current scenario, there is a high need for the U.S. airline industry to manage such challenges and build effective barriers for safeguarding the competitive edge.

Table of Contents

TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Executive Summary PAGEREF _Toc6074619 \h 2

Introduction PAGEREF _Toc6074620 \h 2

History PAGEREF _Toc6074621 \h 3

PESTEL Analysis PAGEREF _Toc6074622 \h 3

Political Factors PAGEREF _Toc6074623 \h 4

Economic Factors PAGEREF _Toc6074624 \h 5

Social Factors PAGEREF _Toc6074625 \h 5

Technological Factors PAGEREF _Toc6074626 \h 6

Environmental Factors PAGEREF _Toc6074627 \h 6

Legal Factors PAGEREF _Toc6074628 \h 6

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis PAGEREF _Toc6074629 \h 7

Threats of New Entrants PAGEREF _Toc6074630 \h 7

Supplier Power PAGEREF _Toc6074631 \h 8

Buyer Power PAGEREF _Toc6074632 \h 8

Threat of Substitutes PAGEREF _Toc6074633 \h 8

Entry and Exit Barriers PAGEREF _Toc6074634 \h 9

Business Strategies and Models PAGEREF _Toc6074635 \h 9

Strategies for the Airline Industry PAGEREF _Toc6074636 \h 10

Corporate Strategy and Diversification PAGEREF _Toc6074637 \h 10

Internationalization Strategy PAGEREF _Toc6074638 \h 10

Entrepreneurship and Innovation PAGEREF _Toc6074639 \h 11

Refernces PAGEREF _Toc6074640 \h 12

The United States Airline Industry

Introduction

The aim of this report is to provide the reader with an in-depth analysis of PESTEL and Porter's Five Forces for the U.S. airline industry. The report tends to provide a great search material based on which the market analysis of the U.S. airline industry has been done. In PESTEL analysis, all possible factors have been identified, and it has been provided with meaningful ways to address the factors. All five forces that tend to play an important part in the U.S. airline industry have been identified. At the end of the report, a set of different strategies have been suggested for the U.S. airline industry. The matter of fact is that such strategies will help the industry to sort out the issues, and make itself stable in the marketplace.

History

It was the year 1918 when the Post Office started to administer airmail routes operation by the U.S. aircraft and Army Pilots. In the U.S. the aeroplanes were around for the initial years of the 20th century. However, it was considered quite risky to fly until 1925. The reason for that is quite simple as the Air Mail Act helped to develop the airline industry as it allowed the postmaster for contracting with private airlines to deliver mail (Araujo et al., 2016). The Ford Transport Service, Western Air Express, and Pan American were the first commercial airlines. Within a span of almost 10 years, a number of modern-day airlines emerged as major players such as United and American. In the beginning, the economic conditions were not so amazing of any airline, however, till the current date, it has been observed a great positive change to the economic condition of the U.S. airline industry (Borenstein, 2017).

PESTEL Analysis

PESTEL analysis is considered to be a tool which the marketers tend to use for analyzing and monitoring the macro environmental factors. The matter of fact is that PESTEL analysis is a part of external analysis while conducting market research or analysis. A fine piece of PESTEL analysis tends to provide an overview of a number of macro-environmental factors that are necessary to consider. PESTEL analysis is considered to be a strategic tool to understand direction for operations, business position, and market growth. Most people consider the U.S. airline industry as a flourishing business that makes it easier for travelling inconvenience and comfort.

One thing that must be taken into consideration is that there are a number of challenges that the U.S. airline industry face. There is no doubt that PESTEL analysis is a reliable strategic method which allows the airlines to weigh external factors affecting their businesses. PESTEL tend to provide a great detail regarding the operating challenges U.S. airline industry may face.

Political Factors

There is no doubt that political factors are seen playing a vital role to determine the factors impacting the long term profitability of the U.S. airline industry. U.S. airline industries operate in a number of different countries and the industry tend to expose itself to different types of political system and political environment risks. Majority of the countries pertains to have tight regulations for the aviation industry. The reason for that lies in the fact that the U.S. airline industry is faced with a number of different risks which may be resulting in deaths and accidents. There is no doubt that different policies are also aiming for the protection of passengers than the U.S. airline industry. Due to this, it has been observed that the U.S. airline industry is in a need to comply with such regulations. Apart from this, insecurity and war factors that can affect states each time trickle down to the U.S. airline industry. In simple words, it can be assumed that this is the major obstacle to the U.S. airline industry because they lose customers in those countries where the security threats are high.

Economic Factors

The matter of fact is that the macro environmental factors like the economic cycle, foreign exchange rate, interest rate, savings rate, and inflation rate plays an important role in determining the demand and aggregate investment in any particular economy. As the competition norms tend to impact the competitive advantage of the U.S. airline industry, the U.S. airline industry can be using the economic factor of the country such as growth rate. There is no doubt that the recent recession has proved to be a significant blow to the U.S. airline industry (Atkinson et al., 2016). There is a high need for the U.S. airline to cope with the increase in fuel prices. Due to this, it has become quite challenging for the U.S. airline industry in making profits. Apart from this, the U.S. airline industry has to struggle with more labour demands for the employees. The matter of fact is that such type of economic hurdles tends to result in an increase in the rates of bankruptcies in the U.S. airline industry.

Social Factors

There is no doubt that passengers of current times are changed. The U.S. airline has had to make a number of changes for meeting the needs of such demanding clients. The matter of fact is that a majority of passengers tend to go to cheap airlines. One of the reasons why it has resulted in a less profit of the U.S. airline industry is the less business class travellers. Due to automation, a decrease in the people has observed to fly to business destinations. The culture of society and ways to do things tend to have a significant impact on the culture of the U.S. airline industry. There are certain social factors that the U.S. airline industry needs to analyze such as culture, class structure, demographics a skill level of population.

Technological Factors

There is no doubt that technology is quite fast disrupting U.S. airline industry. There are certain impacts due to technical analysis such as on product offering, and culture in the U.S. airline industry. When it comes to the U.S. airline industry, it has embraced several technological changes in the services (Atkinson et al., 2016). Majority of the passengers in the current times tend to prefer to access ticket and check in service through smartphones. One thing that must be considered is that the U.S. airline industry also needs to carry out advertising campaigns for attracting clients.

Environmental Factors

There is no doubt that a change in climate tends to affect the U.S. airline industry to a great extent. The reason for that is quite simple as the U.S. airline industry needs to make the "green flying" practice better to protect the environment. There is no doubt that all of this is quite expensive. Before entering new markets, the U.S. airline industry must be carefully evaluating the environmental standards needed for operating such markets. There are a set of environmental factors that must be considered such as laws relating to environmental pollution, climate change, and weather.

Legal Factors

The matter of fact is that the U.S. airline industry is bombarded with lawsuits by either staff or displeased clients. The outcomes of this have resulted in making the U.S. airline industry more cautious in its approach towards strategic plans. One thing that must be taken into consideration is the fact that there are certain changing regulations that required the U.S. airline industry for offering quality services and protecting consumers. Other legal factors for the U.S. airline industry may include consumer protection and e-commerce, anti-trust law in industry, data protection, and health and safety.

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

The Porter Five Forces Analysis is considered to be a tool that is linked with strategic management. The aim of this tool is to analyze the given industry and provide a sense of understanding that underlies levers of profitability. When it comes to the U.S. airline industry, it allows the managers to understand the ways in which the five competitive forces tend to influence the profitability and plays a keen part in developing a starting to enhance the competitive advantage.

Threats of New Entrants

The matter of fact is that the new entrants in the airlines are seen bringing innovation along with the new ways to do certain things. Apart from this, it tends to put pressure on the U.S. airline industry as well. All of this has been done with providing new value prepositions to clients, reducing costs, and lowering pricing strategy (Bachwich et al., 2017). In the current scenario, there is a high need for the U.S. airline industry to manage such challenges and build effective barriers for safeguarding the competitive edge. The matter of fact is that the U.S. airline industry is regulated on supplied side greater than demand dide. One thing that must be considered is that due to low cost and cheap services offered by other airlines can be resulting in making it a big threat for the U.S. airline industry.

Supplier Power

There is no doubt that when it comes to the power of suppliers in the airline industry, it is simply immense. The reason for that lies in the fact that the three inputs that airlines have in terms of labour, aircraft, and fule are all seen to be affected by the external environment (Hannigan et al., 2015). A perfect example in such a scenario would be of the price of aviation which his subject to the fluctuation in the global marketplace for oil. Just like this, labour is also a subject to the powers of a union who are seen bargaining and getting costly concessions from the airline.

Buyer Power

Due to the technological advancement which has made it quite easy for ticketing and distribution systems, it has been observed that the fliers no longer needs to be at the mercy of agents. There is no doubt that fliers have been benefitted by a number of factors such as resultant price, and the entry of low-cost carriers as well. Apart from this, the tight regulation on the demanded side of U.S. airline industry indicated that the balance power is tipped in favour of the U.S. airline industry. One thing that must be taken into consideration is the fact that such factors tend to make the U.S. airline industry cede power to consumers. In a nutshell, it can be said that when it comes to the U.S. airline industry, the power of buyers is quite moderate to high.

Threat of Substitutes

When it comes to the U.S. airline industry, it can simply be said that the industry is not at any threat from substitutes.Flying is considered to be a natural phenomenon for clients, therefore, when it comes to the substitutes in terms of bus and train, there is a minimal impact only. However, if there is ever a threat of substitute to the U.S. airline industry, there are certain possible ways in which the industry can sort this issue out. The industry can increase the switching cost for the customers. Apart from this, there is a high need to be service orients instead of being product oriented only.

Entry and Exit Barriers

The matter of fact is that there is a high need for the U.S. airline industry to have huge capital investment for entering. On the other hand, when it comes to exit the sector of airlines, there are a number of losses as well. In simple words, it can be said that the exit and entry barriers are quite high for the airline industry (Bachwich et al., 2017). There is no doubt that the entry to the airline industry demands a high infusion of capital which is simply not afforded by everyone. When it comes to the exit barriers, they are also subject to regulation. The reason for that is quite simple as the regulators in the U.S. do not allow the airlines to exit the industry without any genuine reason. Apart from this, the airline industry tends to leverage the efficiencies along with synergies from the economies of scale.

Business Strategies and Models

Although a business strategy and business models look different from each other, one thing that must be considered is the fact that both of them tend to answer key questions in operating an organization. When it comes to a business model, it is simply the systematic method which is utilized in generating revenue in a profitable organization. On the other hand, when it comes to the business strategy, it is considered to be a method for achieving a core organization objective.

Strategies for the Airline Industry

Corporate Strategy and Diversification

The matter of fact is that the airline industry is considered to be a diverse factor. There is no doubt that the U.S. airline industry tends to require the support of a varied range of ancillary busiesness like travel agencies and catering for carrying out the activities. A large number of such supporting businesses tends to demonstrate the potential for driving wider profit margins. One thing that must be taken into consideration is the fact that such demonstrations are done regardless of generating lower revenues than the airlines themselves. The outcomes of this result in making them some sort of attractive investment opportunities in a sector prone to violating. The matter of fact is that diversification tends to mean breaching out into new business opportunities. It is not just limited to the expansion of existing business.

In the current scenario of the U.S. airline industry, there is a high need to adopt diversification. However, in order to that so, the U.S. airline industry should keep in notice their current customer base for determining whether they can be successful. The current services must be reviewed in order to have a better understanding of the diversification and taking better decisions. However, there are certain risks that are associated with diversification as well. Diversification tends to entail embracing unfamiliarity and uncertainty (Rothaermel, 2015).

Internationalization Strategy

As per the current demands, and past experiences, there is a high need for the U.S. airline industry to expand itself in the global market. Although the airline industry is widely spread, in some Asian counties, there is no sign of the U.S. airline industry (Graham, 2016). The matter of fact is that by expanding the business in such counties, it will result in attracting more customers, and the brand-name of airline industries will be developed in those counties as well. There is no doubt that majority of the labours come from under-developed counties, therefore, if the business in those counties will be expanded, there is a high chance that people of those counties may turn their face to utilize U.S. airline industry.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Studies and research show that there is a great influence on innovation, entrepreneurship, and management in the airline industry. There is a high need to understand that competitiveness and ticket price is a management issue. However, it must be considered that it is also in relation to innovation (Rothaermel, 2015). The reason for that is quite simple as innovation tend to improve the competitive advantage while the entrepreneurial activity plays an important role in influencing the relationship between demand and supply. In a nutshell, it can be assumed that innovation along with entrepreneurship must be considered as a great strategy for the airline industry.

References

Araujo, L. and Kjellberg, H., 2016. Enacting novel agencements: the case of Frequent Flyer schemes in the US airline industry (1981–1991). Consumption Markets & Culture, 19(1), pp.92-110.

Atkinson, S.E., Ramdas, K. and Williams, J.W., 2016. Robust scheduling practices in the US airline industry: Costs, returns, and inefficiencies. Management Science, 62(11), pp.3372-3391.

Bachwich, A.R. and Wittman, M.D., 2017. The emergence and effects of the ultra-low cost carrier (ULCC) business model in the US airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 62, pp.155-164.

Bawa, T.I., Ubogu, A.E., Adefila, J.A. and Okere, D.C., 2018. Adaptation strategies of airline travel agencies to the dynamics of airline industry in Nigeria. Science World Journal, 13(1), pp.4-10.

Birim, S., Anitsal, M.M. and Anitsal, İ., 2016. A Model of Business Performance in The US Airline Industry: How Customer Complaints Predict The Performance?. Business Studies Journal, 8(2).

Borenstein, S., 2017. The evolution of US airline competition. In Low Cost Carriers (pp. 1-31). Routledge.

Borenstein, S., 2019. The evolution of US airline competition. In Low Cost Carriers (pp. 1-31). Routledge.

Brueckner, J.K. and Flores-Fillol, R., 2019. Market Structure and Quality Determination for Complementary Products: Alliances and Service Quality in the Airline Industry.

Choi, K., Lee, D. and Olson, D.L., 2015. Service quality and productivity in the US airline industry: a service quality-adjusted DEA model. Service Business, 9(1), pp.137-160.

Ciliberto, F., Cook, E.E. and Williams, J.W., 2019. Network Structure and Consolidation in the US Airline Industry, 1990–2015. Review of Industrial Organization, 54(1), pp.3-36.

Gil, R., Kim, M. and Zanarone, G., 2016. The value of relational adaptation in outsourcing: Evidence from the 2008 shock to the US airline industry.

Graham, A., 2016. Airport strategies to gain competitive advantage. In Airport Competition (pp. 109-122). Routledge.

Hannigan, T.J., Hamilton III, R.D. and Mudambi, R., 2015. Competition and competitiveness in the US airline industry. Competitiveness Review, 25(2), pp.134-155.

Mellat-Parast, M., Golmohammadi, D., McFadden, K.L. and Miller, J.W., 2015. Linking business strategy to service failures and financial performance: Empirical evidence from the US domestic airline industry. Journal of Operations Management, 38, pp.14-24.

Mellat-Parast, M., Golmohammadi, D., McFadden, K.L. and Miller, J.W., 2015. Linking business strategy to service failures and financial performance: Empirical evidence from the US domestic airline industry. Journal of Operations Management, 38, pp.14-24.

Qiu, Z., 2015. Merger Analysis with Endogenous Prices and Product Characteristics: Generalized Theorem and Application to the US Airline Industry.

Rothaermel, F.T., 2015. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education.

Shaw, S., 2016. Airline marketing and management. Routledge.

Tan, K.M., 2016. Incumbent Response to Entry by Low‐Cost Carriers in the US Airline Industry. Southern Economic Journal, 82(3), pp.874-892.

Williams, A., 2016. Developing strategies for the modern international airport: East Asia and beyond. Routledge.

The United States Army A Learning Orginization

Learning Organization in US Army

Submitted by

Affiliation / course

Date

Introduction

Learning organizations are organizations where all members continue to improve their ability to achieve the expected performance. Learning organization is an organization where new thoughts are always valued and fostered. Learning organization is all the aspirations of individual members and groups are given freedom. Learning organizations are organizations whose members learn together continuously or lifelong learning. There are five disciplines in learning organizations, namely (1) systems thinking , (2) personal mastery , (3) mental models, (4) building a shared vision, and (5) team learning as the foundation of learning organizations. The United States Army is an excellent example of learning organization. (Farrukh, & Waheed, 2015).

Learning organization according to Simatupang (1995) is an organization that is very adaptive and responsive to the external and internal environment. Internal strength relates to the strength of teamwork that is solid, productive, professional, and of high quality (Wheatley, 2004). While adaptive and responsive behavior is a human trait of work that has high competence, motivation, insight, and innovation. These are the all qualities found in US Army and that is why I have selected it as a learning organization.

The mission of the learning organization is to prepare young people for a life in which work plays an important role. Young people need to have the knowledge, skills, aptitudes and attitudes to cope with intense competition for jobs and within the work community. Many entrepreneurial qualities support human development in different areas of life. Here the importance of entrepreneurship education is emphasized. Entrepreneurship education is needed in the education system for the sake of the individual. Entrepreneurship education stems from the needs of working life, but also from the perspective of people's lifelong learning.

No matter how great and how large an organization must be started from a combination or a group of people as a team that was initially mediocre. Then, these people go through the learning process step by step during the organization based on organizational norms and goals. The organization like US Army have a shared vision. This shared vision will become a compass and at the same time trigger enthusiasm and commitment to always be together, thus fostering motivation for soldiers to learn and continue to learn to improve their competence.

From the various theoretical views of the learning organization above, it can be concluded that what is meant by the learning organization is the learning of individuals and groups in the organization in order to be the most superior among its competitors. In practice learning organizations are how organizations solve problems systematically and comprehensively, experiment new approaches, learn from their own and past experiences, learn from the success of others, transfer knowledge appropriately, quickly, economically to all members of the organization. (Garwin, 1993).

Usually learning organization is developed by a multifunctional team that reports its development straight to senior administration. Learning by past experiences, achievement , failure in Army allow its leaders to learn a lesson and make future strategy accordingly. Learning from others is done because not all learning processes are carried out in reflection and internal analysis ( self- analysis). Sometimes it is also necessary to pay attention to the surrounding environment in the form of bench-marking of other organizations, analysis of customer needs, and other external factors, which are considered influential and provide new perspectives. Learning organizations are efforts to bring the art of opening up and attention in listening.

References

Garwin, D. A. (1993). Building a learning organization. Harvard business review, 71(4), 73-91.

Farrukh, M., & Waheed, A. (2015). Learning organization and competitive advantage-An

integrated approach. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 5(4), 73.

Wheatley, M. J. (2004). Can the US Army become a learning organization? The Journal for

Quality and Participation, 17(2), 50.

The Value Of Dialogue



The Value of Dialogue

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The Value of Dialogue

Introduction

Today’s business environment is changing at a rapid pace. The world of business is experiencing revolutions and transformations by leaps and bounds. Large organizations are trying to grab the maximum level of market share by expanding their business not only at the national level but also at a global level. No matter at what level of growth or progress an organization is, the importance of communication cannot be denied. Especially in the case of new and learning organizations, mutual communication and dialogue play a vital role in the progress and growth of the company and taking it higher.

Discussion

Differences between Debate, Discussion, and Dialogue

Debate is a kind of formal discussion, which is carried on at a particular matter, usually in a public meeting or in front of a gathering. It includes arguments and counter-arguments and usually ends with a vote. The main purpose of a debate is to win and sway the opinion of others at one’s own personal side. Contrary to this, a discussion is not meant to win or lose but it is merely an exchange of ideas (Taguchi, & Kim, 2014). The problem arises when the difference of opinion forms a serious shape and turns into a serious argument or debate. A dialogue, apart from all these, is a communication process, which is carried on to achieve a deeper understanding of any concept or idea.

Value of Dialogue in Helping a Team Learn and Change

Dialogue plays a very vital role in the life of a team, in fact, a whole organization. Dialogue plays a monumental role in facilitating the learning process of the teams and promoting a culture of change among the teams in the organization. As the purpose of a dialogue is neither to win not making the other person lose, it is free from the sense of competition and negative aspects. Moreover, a dialogue is not based on the constructs of arguments and counter-arguments, which helps the team to participate in a healthy discussion, free form the fear of indulging in a fight. It gives rise to more powerful aspects like learning and respect.

Ground Rules to Reach a Mature Level of Conversation

A mature and successful level of dialogues in any organization is based upon some specific ground rules and regulations.

The first and foremost rule of a successful dialogue is active listening. If a person is able to listen to what his or her colleague is saying, only then he or she will be able to understand the concept easily and address the issue properly.

The second ground rule to a mature and healthy dialogue is mutual respect (Murray-García et. al. 2014). All the participants, taking part in the dialogue should understand that it is not necessary that the other person has the same opinion as them and they should give respect to other person’s views.

How to Design an Effective Dialogue Session

An effective and successful dialogue session can be designed by following some simple steps (Mercer, 2002):

Make every person feel comfortable and equal.

Give a feeling to every member that they are being heard.

Every person should be allowed to share their personal thoughts and experiences.

Every member of the team should be given a task to learn something out of the dialogue and gain something positive out of it.

Ease or Difficulty of Conversing at this Level, Dangers and Obstacles

As the organization is growing and the teams are newly built so there are greater chances that the dialogue may turn out in in a debate (Nagda, & Gurin, 2007). A difference of opinion among the various members of the team may result in a heated argument, which may prove harmful for the growth of the organization.

References

Mercer, N. (2002). Developing dialogues. Learning for life in the 21st century, 141-153.

Murray-García, J. L., Harrell, S., García, J. A., Gizzi, E., & Simms-Mackey, P. (2014). Dialogue as skill: Training a health professions workforce that can talk about race and racism. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(5), 590.

Nagda, B. R. A., & Gurin, P. (2007). Intergroup dialogue: A critical-dialogic approach to learning about difference, inequality, and social justice.

Taguchi, N., & Kim, Y. (2014). Collaborative dialogue in learning pragmatics: pragmatic-related episodes as an opportunity for learning request-making. Applied Linguistics, 37(3), 416-437.

The VP Of HR Review

Title Page

VP of HR

I witnessed successful change initiative during my job at Red Carpet. I was unable to adjust to the workplace due to cultural diversity. I then focused on change initiative and realized that it can be used for creating tangible benefit. I learned to handle colleagues of different cultures and backgrounds. This allowed me to do my work more efficiently. The entire process was important as I was able to transform vision into reality with promised benefits. It was useful for maintaining efforts required for completing daily job and tasks. Making appropriate adjustments was also part of the process. Unnecessary change initiative that I experience was paying more attention to shifting priorities. It was useless and only wasted my time.

From my own experience, I learned that one must adopt a flexible behavior for dealing with employees and colleagues. I would recommend that everyone needs to identify their weaknesses and adopt the change process for getting over them. The most important thing is to accept change.

From the classmate's post, I learned that participating in focus group discussions provide insights into experiences that are crucial for the change process. Discovering best practice for change will be effective in realizing how experiences can be used for Red Carpet’s approach to change.

I think the additional questions that I would need to address include; how weaknesses can be removed through the change process? How was the process used to perform better in future?

I think the posting didn’t explain what new traits were developed after undergoing the change process. It also needs to highlight recommendations such as how Leroy could participate effectively in the focus group. According to my analysis most common similarity is of narrating personal experience CITATION Jac152 \l 1033 (Zenger & Folkman, 2015).

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY Zenger, J., & Folkman, J. (2015). What Separates Great HR Leaders from the Rest . Retrieved 03 05, 2019, from https://hbr.org/2015/08/what-separates-great-hr-leaders-from-the-rest

The Walt Disney Company

The Walt Disney Company

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The Walt Disney Company

History of Walt Disney

The Walt Disney Company is a multinational organization of mass media and entertainment. Its headquarter is in Burbank California. It is the world largest conglomerate in the media industry because of its highest revenue, employees, markets, etc. The company was founded in 1923 by two brothers named as Walt and Disney. The company was known as Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio. The company is a listed public limited company in New York Stock Exchange NYSE2. The total revenue of the company at the end of 2018 were US$ 59.4 billion, while the net income of the company was recorded as US$ 12.5 billion. Total assets of the company worth US$ 98.59 billion recorded at the end of the financial year 2018. The total equity of Walt Disney was recorded as US$ 52.83 billion during the same year. A total number of employees associated with the company around the world was 201,000 during 2018. The company's products and services are; films, music, cable television, video games, publishing, broadcasting, radio, and amusement parks. The company is a market leader in the animation industry in USA3. The company started its business from cartoons productions. Mickey Mouse was one of the famous movies of Disney, and the mouse character was introduced in 1928 named as Mortimer which was later on changed as Mickey Mouse. In 1934 company decided to produce its first feature-length film named as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. It took three years to complete and was premiered in 1937. This film produced the highest return for the company at that time. The company released many other animated movies during the 1940s which generated huge revenue for the company. However, the sale of the company was declined during world war two. During the world war two, the company produced war-related movies such as; ‘Victory Through Air Power’ and ‘Education for Death’ on aired during 1943. After the war the era of television started, Walt Disney Productions and Coca-Cola collaboration teamed up a venture into television. The NBC television network and ABC network were launched by Disney as its initial television series. Disneyland is the theme parks became the center of attraction for both parents and children. In 1955 the company opened it for the general public. Disneyland became famous because of the live broadcasting on their television channels. Another product line of the company is the productions of family-friendly movies during the 1970s. However, the movies were not as much successful and profitable as its animated contents are. Here we will discuss in detail the evolution of the company and its products and services. We will also discuss the expansion of the company market and operations, its successes and failures.

The international market of Disney

The market of Disney is expanded worldwide and having licensed merchandise. Its headquarter is in California while its business is expended in Japan, Hong Kong, China, and Europe. The Disneyland in Paris, Shanghai, Tokyo, and Hong Kong are generating a handsome amount of revenue for the company. Disneyland Tokyo is the third most visited theme park in the world. The first two most visited parks in the world are in the USA owned by the same company. The positive aspect of the company is to follow the local culture, norms, and values of the country. The theme park in Japan is strictly following the work ethics, Japanese culture, and other local norms of the country. It is observed that the food offered at Disneylands are according to the taste of local visitors. The food at Tokyo Disneyland or Paris Disneyland is different from the US. For the entry to the international market and compete with its competitors the company has a strategic plan. The company strategy for international operations is to utilize foreign outsourcing. Walt Disney has a contracted with many Chinese companies for different products. It outsourced its production to China because of its lower labor cost, so the products are purchased at reasonable prices. Disney sells its products in global markets like England, Spain, Italy, etc for this purpose the company uses its foreign licensing. Disney allows the licensee to produce their products because they know the choices and taste of their geographical areas. So the company follows the localization instead of globalization. They believe in the locally customized products according to the needs and requirements of the local consumers. As the products of the company are mostly related to the entertainment industry, so all the products are easily publicized. When a person visits theme parks company also displays its DVD's and video games there for being promoted and sold. The foreign markets are selected according to their economy, growth rate and population. The company has expanded its business operations to North America, Latin America, Asia, Middle East, and Europe. The competitors of the company are mostly multinational corporations with strong marketing strategies. Other competitors provide the same style of the theme parks. However, Disney has some trademarks and patents which has distinguished the company from other competitors. While in other products such as movies, cartoons, etc the company has become the market leader and the competitors are lagging in these products. The company has a strong market positioning and has its loyal customers, who value the products of Disney as a brand in the entertainment market.

Marketing Strategy

Despite all these advantages of the company to move into the international market and boosts its revenue and profit. There are certain barriers and challenges to the company for international trade. These challenges include economic differences, cultural differences, political and legal differences of every country. To cope with such challenges the company adopts a strategy of PESTEL Analysis of every new market. PESTEL analysis is a tool used to provide detailed information about a market. It provides information for analysis of the macro-environmental or the external market factors which could affect the operations and sales of the organization. Walt Disney also uses SWOT analysis based on the information extracted through the PESTEL analysis. Walt Disney is an American based company, spread around the world, its strategy for the entrance to a new market is to adopt their cultural values, and languages. The company's strategy is to decentralize and customize its overall activities according to the requirements of these specific cultures and consumers. Disney also has a challenge of economic differences in new global markets. Most of the products of the company are expensive, in many countries its products are beyond the affordability of the public. So the company has to revise its prices several times according to the economy of these specific countries. Walt Disney had set prices according to the locations of their theme parks and stores. The prices in the USA is several times higher than the prices in China and Africa. Walt Disney had a major challenge of understanding the legal obligations of each country and their politics. The laws related to corruption, bribery, import, exports, registrations and licensing required a lot of knowledge and experience to understand.

Products evolution

The company initiated its business with the production of animated cartoons back in 1923 with the available technology. The company has some famous animated films and characters, among which Micky Mouse is the renowned mouse character. This era was the silent film era with some attractive characters. Walt Disney had formed a proper cartoon studio named Walt Disney Studio. The company then moved to film industry as the theaters and cinema business was boosted. During world war II the company shifted its productions from animated films to the war-related movies. Most of its contents were to support its army in the war efforts. After world war II technology advanced and television broadcasting and channels were initiated. The company adopted that technology and owned its channel named as NBC TV in collaboration Coca-Cola company in 1954. From 1955 to 1965 the company had introduced Disneyland a theme park. Which became the center of attraction for both kids and parents. It was a unique idea of the company, and this idea was succeeded at that time1. The Disneyland business was spread around the world. In Tokyo, Paris, and Hong Kong Disneyland are generating huge revenue for the company. The company has adopted the policy of customized services according to the taste of local customers which has been proved highly successful. During the 1960s the Walt Disney studio released a large number of comedy shows and movies, in 1970s the company had released its first animated feature "Post Walt." The animated movies were highly successful while other movies did not get the attention of the audience. Some movies were successful while others flopped badly. The company evolved its products and services according to the changes in the market and technology. Walt Disney had achieved the first mover advantage in many businesses. The company has adopted the latest technology such as television, video games, radio, theaters, websites, Disneyland, and many other improvements with time. The company has boosted its sale through globalization, through which the company has expanded its market shares.

End Notes

"Disney History - D23". 2019. D23. Accessed March 5, 2019. https://d23.com/disney-history/.

"The Walt Disney Company." 2019. The Walt Disney Company. Accessed March 5, 2019. https://www.thewaltdisneycompany.com/.

Wasko, Janet. "The Walt Disney Company." In Global Media Giants, pp. 25-39. Routledge, 2016.

The Youngest Billionaire

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The youngest billionaire

Hindsight bias is a psychological concept in which a past event is more prominent than its real occurrence. Sara Barkley is a successful self-made businesswoman in the world. Her leadership strength comes from her distinctive self-confidence, creativity, sense of humour and risk taking capabilities. She learns from her personal life experience and shares these experiences with everyone to meet her deep commitment to work. Three key strategies are mostly used by her to develop her company which includes mobilizing and understanding the culture of the market, humorous massage sharing among girls about the previous products and her product provides something that gives benefit to the wellbeing and self-esteem of women. Core leadership strength of Sara includes predicting the needs of the specific individuals and taking a risk to face the failure. She did not enter the business with a clearly defined path. The case study is supporting the hindsight biases because it is the predicting power of Sara that makes her a successful businesswomen. When she faces the challenges in the promotion of Spanx, she uses the best strategic move from her past experiences. Her confidence, creativity and authenticity are only due to her higher commitment with her work and customer satisfaction. Barkley has no proper training and business knowledge but her business is elevating due to her strong intuition and commitment. She used to take a risky investment in large projects of hosiery and get a reward from those riskier investments. She has goals in her life and she knows how to handle the problem on the way of meetong these goals with full commitment. Moreover, Barkley's power of intuition is remarkable which is the main cause of her successful business in the world and which takes her to the list in one of the richest people in the world.

Theories Of Motivation

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Theories of Motivation

The subject of motivation has been a topic of research since early times. The reason for this is that Human Resource is the most important component of any organization. It has been realized that understanding factors that keep human resources satisfied is very important for the long-term success of business. There have been many theories that aim to explore the complexity of human mind and its driving factors. All these theories identify different factors that result in increased motivation of humans. Maslow presented a hierarchy that has documented the needs of human beings classified in different levels. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has different levels. The needs at first level are the requirements of human being without which survival is not possible. These needs include need for food, need for water, need for breathing, etc. The second level is the need for security, need for shelter, safety of family, along with other security needs. The third level is the need for love and social relations. These are the needs for maintaining friendships, love relations, human interactions, etc. The fourth level is the need for being respected in the society by others and the need for self-respect. The fifth level is the need for self-actualization. Maslow says that people act in a step by step manner. When the need at first level is fulfilled, humans work towards fulfilling needs at the second level. According to him, these needs are the motivational factors for people. In my view, this is an effective theory because people do behave in this way. For example, people will work hard to get food. Once that need is fulfilled, they will work towards getting shelter for themselves and their families. This theory is still widely used because it is considered to be accurate as it has identified different needs correctly.