Yale New Haven Hospital

Yale NewHaven Hospital

Name

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Yale NewHaven Hospital

The mission of Yale NewHaven Health Hospital is to deliver healthcare services to patients with excellence and innovation. They utilized the means of teaching, research and advancement to serve communities. Their emphasis is on the patient-centered approach and delivery of services adequately and timely. The principle reason for ranking in top hospitals is innovation, optimism, excellence, and tradition. They promote health by prescribing the right things to maintain the integrity of the hospital. They deliver services to patients and families by putting their needs and requirements first ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a186r72vd34","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Yale New Haven Health | mission,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Yale New Haven Health | mission,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":741,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"itemData":{"id":741,"type":"webpage","title":"Yale New Haven Health | mission","URL":"https://www.ynhhs.org/about/corporate-overview/mission.aspx","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Yale-New Haven Health | mission," n.d.). They deliver services related to the diagnosis that is best suitable for patients and feel responsible and accountable for what they are delivering. The staff and works force is compassionate, emphatic and responsible. The quality services are following the quality mandate of ISO 9001.

The hospital delivers services in the fields of women's health, neurology, transplantation, radiology and imaging technology, psychiatry and musculoskeletal care. They deliver services to promote health education, quality, and safety of patients. The hospital engaged its patients in learning how to manage stress, health and well-being ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a29oblmfm08","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":740,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/HC7D4KZF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/HC7D4KZF"],"itemData":{"id":740,"type":"webpage","title":"Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital","URL":"https://www.ynhh.org/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Yale-New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital," n.d.). The hospital is delivering services to patients by educating them on common health issues and daily lifestyles such as asthma, reflexes, safety checklists, women’s guide and abilities to focus on healthy lifestyles. The hospital has facilities related to financial aid such as patients who are not able to pay their bills and are financially weak can avail financial aid services.

Excellence

According to Saint Leo University, the educational institutions have to work and promote skills and knowledge that develop student’s skills and professionalism. Yale NewHaven Health Hospital is following excellence in its services by applying Saint Leo University’s code of conduct ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a24nbgnjqlf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Yale New Haven Health | mission,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Yale New Haven Health | mission,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":741,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"itemData":{"id":741,"type":"webpage","title":"Yale New Haven Health | mission","URL":"https://www.ynhhs.org/about/corporate-overview/mission.aspx","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Yale-New Haven Health | mission," n.d.). The assimilation and integration of staff that is accountable and responsible can effectively help a healthcare facility to achieve its objectives. These skills and expertise can help hospitals to attain success and excellence in everyday practice to rank in most favorite hospitals.

Community

The hospital serves and facilitates all kinds of patients from all ethnic groups and therefore promoting equity and equality. The Yale NewHaven Health Hospital is following the principles of Saint Leo University that is the essence of belonging and harmony ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1qcd4ds5b3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(University, n.d.)","plainCitation":"(University, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":744,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/I23GSDVK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/I23GSDVK"],"itemData":{"id":744,"type":"webpage","title":"History, Values, & Catholic Roots | Florida Catholic University | Saint Leo University","abstract":"As the first Florida Catholic university, Saint Leo offers programs to meet academic, spiritual and professional goals of over 15,000 students.","URL":"https://www.saintleo.edu/history-values-catholic-roots","language":"en","author":[{"family":"University","given":"Saint Leo"}]}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (University, n.d.). They respect and care for all to promote health for all.

Respect

Everyone has special traits, characters, talents, and abilities to achieve something. People with different traits when collectively work for the same vision can help them to achieve targets of an organization easily ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a28aa9t08n3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(University, n.d.)","plainCitation":"(University, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":744,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/I23GSDVK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/I23GSDVK"],"itemData":{"id":744,"type":"webpage","title":"History, Values, & Catholic Roots | Florida Catholic University | Saint Leo University","abstract":"As the first Florida Catholic university, Saint Leo offers programs to meet academic, spiritual and professional goals of over 15,000 students.","URL":"https://www.saintleo.edu/history-values-catholic-roots","language":"en","author":[{"family":"University","given":"Saint Leo"}]}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (University, n.d.). The strength of the hospital is to promote and encourage every person working with them by facilitating them to work independently.

Patient-Centered Services

The services delivered at Yale NewHaven Health Hospital are patient-centered and concerned to reduce health disparities. The delivery of women's health services particularly to improve knowledge of females to reduce the cardiovascular risk of diseases. They help the patient in educating them regarding behavior changes that can promote health and reduce the chances of development of diseases such as communicable diseases ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2m47rhe3du","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Publications at Yale New Haven Hospital,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Publications at Yale New Haven Hospital,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":742,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/2B4S8QVR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/2B4S8QVR"],"itemData":{"id":742,"type":"webpage","title":"Publications at Yale New Haven Hospital","URL":"https://www.ynhh.org/news-media/publications.aspx","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Publications at Yale-New Haven Hospital," n.d.). Availability and accessibility of quality services and action-oriented patient care are the significant features of the hospital. They are dedicated to improve the health of women and work for the prevention and anticipation of diseases particularly associated with overweight and diabetes. The hospital is determined in the delivery of maternity care services and the health education of women.

Advancement and Research

The hospital has facilities such as publications, Bulletin, center point and advancing care research report that specifically promote the significance of prevention, screening, and benefits of health education ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a14hec7tb4i","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Publications at Yale New Haven Hospital,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Publications at Yale New Haven Hospital,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":742,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/2B4S8QVR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/2B4S8QVR"],"itemData":{"id":742,"type":"webpage","title":"Publications at Yale New Haven Hospital","URL":"https://www.ynhh.org/news-media/publications.aspx","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Publications at Yale-New Haven Hospital," n.d.). The news and articles are specifically intended to promote health and to reduce health disparities. The motivated staff is regularly engaged in training and education programs to enhance their skills in practice. The hospital has provided various achievements and awards on a seasonal basis to encourage employees.

Code of Ethics and Professionalism

Yale NewHaven Health Hospital has been working for years to promote quality health services to patients. The principle ethics followed by the hospital include respect for all, advanced and technology-based care, provision of care with expertise and admiration for all ethnic groups in the communities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1dp48u820o","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":740,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/HC7D4KZF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/HC7D4KZF"],"itemData":{"id":740,"type":"webpage","title":"Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital","URL":"https://www.ynhh.org/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Yale-New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital," n.d.). The core elements of Yale NewHaven Health Hospital that have ranked its name in top hospitals are patient-centered approach, compassion, respect, integrity, and accountability. The hospital is maintaining and following the code of conduct announced by the American Nursing Association to promote education and health for the staff ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1f0d92a4sf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Yale New Haven Health | mission,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Yale New Haven Health | mission,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":741,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"itemData":{"id":741,"type":"webpage","title":"Yale New Haven Health | mission","URL":"https://www.ynhhs.org/about/corporate-overview/mission.aspx","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Yale-New Haven Health | mission," n.d.). The implementation of American Nursing Associations ethical rules such as respect for all, discouraging health disparities, financial aid to patients, integrity and compassion has led the hospital to rank among the best in the country in 9 out of 10 specialties in the United States news and world reports ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a27oqsqv3gr","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Tluczek et al., 2019)","plainCitation":"(Tluczek et al., 2019)"},"citationItems":[{"id":181,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/FE8PMJC4"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/FE8PMJC4"],"itemData":{"id":181,"type":"article-journal","title":"How American Nurses Association Code of Ethics informs genetic/genomic nursing","container-title":"Nursing ethics","page":"1505-1517","volume":"26","issue":"5","author":[{"family":"Tluczek","given":"Audrey"},{"family":"Twal","given":"Marie E."},{"family":"Beamer","given":"Laura Curr"},{"family":"Burton","given":"Candace W."},{"family":"Darmofal","given":"Leslie"},{"family":"Kracun","given":"Mary"},{"family":"Zanni","given":"Karen L."},{"family":"Turner","given":"Martha"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Tluczek et al., 2019). The hospital is implementing holistic approaches, competent services for improvement and advanced research methods for the management and treatment of patients.

Results and Outcomes

The hospital facility is providing 235,000 outpatient services in a year. The hospital is treating cancer patients with 45% of 20,000 patients annually ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1ribeshk2u","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":740,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/HC7D4KZF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/HC7D4KZF"],"itemData":{"id":740,"type":"webpage","title":"Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital","URL":"https://www.ynhh.org/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Yale-New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital," n.d.). The hospital has announced direct funding of $99 million in a year ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"alcse3p9cn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Yale New Haven Health | mission,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Yale New Haven Health | mission,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":741,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"itemData":{"id":741,"type":"webpage","title":"Yale New Haven Health | mission","URL":"https://www.ynhhs.org/about/corporate-overview/mission.aspx","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Yale-New Haven Health | mission," n.d.). The hospital has provided international medicine program to welcome students from around the states to promote education. The physicians of the school of medicine are internationally skilled and trained to provide education and clinical services. Physicians are world-renowned for their skills and excellence in multidisciplinary approaches to treat complicated cases. It is the 6th oldest school of medicine in the United States ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a17ojm0v6l6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Yale New Haven Health | mission,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Yale New Haven Health | mission,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":741,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/AK4DYMDC"],"itemData":{"id":741,"type":"webpage","title":"Yale New Haven Health | mission","URL":"https://www.ynhhs.org/about/corporate-overview/mission.aspx","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} ("Yale-New Haven Health | mission," n.d.). The primary ground rules of Yale NewHaven Health Hospital that have ranked its name in top hospitals are patient-centered approach, compassion, respect, integrity, and accountability (“100 Top Hospitals | Performance Evaluation & Leadership Impact,” 2019).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY 100 Top Hospitals | Performance Evaluation & Leadership Impact. (2019, November 19). Retrieved from https://www.ibm.com/watson-health/services/100-top-hospitals

Publications at Yale New Haven Hospital. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2019, from https://www.ynhh.org/news-media/publications.aspx

Tluczek, A., Twal, M. E., Beamer, L. C., Burton, C. W., Darmofal, L., Kracun, M., … Turner, M. (2019). How American Nurses Association Code of Ethics informs genetic/genomic nursing. Nursing Ethics, 26(5), 1505–1517.

University, S. L. (n.d.). History, Values, & Catholic Roots | Florida Catholic University | Saint Leo University. Retrieved from https://www.saintleo.edu/history-values-catholic-roots

Yale New Haven Health | mission. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2019, from https://www.ynhhs.org/about/corporate-overview/mission.aspx

Yale New Haven Hospital - A Connecticut Hospital. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2019, from https://www.ynhh.org/

You Decide Based On The Article

The Future of Nursing & Education

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

The Future of Nursing & Education

Challenges and Issues Facing the Future of Nursing Education: Implications for Ethnic Minority Faculty and Students.

The present State Of Education in the United States

In the current time, the importance and role of nursing in the society of America in very crucial. With having such importance, the education of nursing and learning and development is highly necessary. But the field of nurses can be found a well and enough efficient to get itself prepared almost for every challenge the nursing field and nursing themselves have to face now and in the future.

The current trends in U.S. higher education require nursing to be well prepared and ready for the challenges and problems that have effects on their future. In other words, American higher education is getting advanced day by day, hence requiring the nursing to be well prepared for every challenge and issue that impacts the future of this particular field (nursing). This concern of such as advancement of higher education and challenges and problems in nursing attract almost every student to get engaged in learning and development by involving in the advanced science and engineering trainings and practices in the United States as compared to the training and numbers produced in a large amount of international institutes (Davis, Davis, & Williams, 2010).

In the United States, universities have worked as a magnate for students around the world and have attracted almost every talented student and researcher. It is a fact that the excellence and competitiveness of a nation can be found dependent on the four years of university education of students as well as their educational standards. In comparison with other countries such as the UK, New Zealand, and Korea, etc. United States left behind in 2001 by these nations in terms rate of four years of university education as their college continuation is higher than the US (Davis, Davis, & Williams, 2010).

In terms of minorities of the United States, the students of the United States are usually found weak in some academic subjects such as math, English, and science skills when they are compared with other students from around the world (Gardner, 2015). With such issues at hand, there is a possibility of a large number of challenges. Hence, one of the most critical and major challenges that also put effects on the future of high education is the technological change and scientific and modern studies and communication.

Furthermore, the challenges can be found more critical and tough when it specifically comes to nursing. Briefly, the challenges in the current time, as well as the challenges that may exist in the future as well, include increased patients acuity, competition for clinical sites, and education programs and deficiencies in some eras in it (Kelly, 2012). Beyond these challenges, an important challenge that should be considered and kept in mind is the provision of culturally specific nursing care for an increasingly culturally diverse population.

For the purpose to prepare American students for competing with the international world in both general and nursing education, many efforts should be put to include ethnic and racial minorities in education and academics. While neglecting this would lead to creating more issues and challenges than we have today. While training and developmental practices for next college generation should be ensured instead. While specific strategies and tactics should be and are given to the nursing students in Research University to assist them in enhancing their research capabilities and nursing practices (Davis, Davis, & Williams, 2010). To conclude, neglecting one or more elements of the system such as the involvement of ethnic minorities, and research, etc. may lead to jeopardizing the whole system. Hence the system should be made up as a whole.

References

Davis, S. P., Davis, D. D., & Williams, D. D. (2010). Challenges and issues facing the future of nursing education: implications for ethnic minority faculty and students. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 17(4).

Gardner, J. (2015). Barriers influencing the success of racial and ethnic minority students in nursing programs. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 16(2), 155-162.

Kelly, C. M. (2012). Investing in the future of nursing education: A cry for action. Nursing Education Perspectives, 23(1), 24-29.

Your Gut! Diseases And Disorders Of The Digestive System

Your Gut! Diseases and Disorders of the Digestive System

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Your Gut! Diseases and Disorders of the Digestive System

The primary purpose of the digestive system is processing the food to offer the body essential nutrients, energy and to deal with the waste material. The energy is imperative for the survival of human beings. Across the world, digestive disorders prove to be the prominent cause of illness for communities. They range from minor to major as nausea or disturbance after eating a meal or severe cases as colon cancer. Digestive diseases and disorders are reflected through certain conditions as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, heartburn, bleeding from the digestive tract, abdominal swelling and pain, and loss of appetite. Several disorders can potentially affect parts of the digestive system instead of targeting one. Gastrointestinal disorders encompass a significant amount of complexities wherein the gastrointestinal (GI) tract appears to be normal but functions inappropriately. The common factors affecting the mobility of GI tract are lack of exercise, consuming junk food and unhealthy diet, changes in routine or traveling, stress, consuming a significant amount of dairy products, pregnancy and stress ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"PqQTNkPl","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Liao, Zhao, & Gregersen, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Liao, Zhao, & Gregersen, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":468,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/5RKVGPW3"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/5RKVGPW3"],"itemData":{"id":468,"type":"article-journal","title":"Gastrointestinal tract modelling in health and disease","container-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG","page":"169-176","volume":"15","issue":"2","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract function are generated by the integrated behaviour of multiple tissues and cell types. A thorough study of the GI tract requires understanding of the interactions between cells, tissues and gastrointestinal organs in health and disease. This depends on knowledge, not only of numerous cellular ionic current mechanisms and signal transduction pathways, but also of large scale GI tissue structures and the special distribution of the nervous network. A unique way of coping with this explosion in complexity is mathematical and computational modelling; providing a computational framework for the multilevel modelling and simulation of the human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of biomechanical modelling work of the GI tract in humans and animals, which can be further used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system. Such modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit, through the provision of relevant and precise information about the patient’s condition and GI remodelling in animal disease models. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures, which could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment.","DOI":"10.3748/wjg.15.169","ISSN":"1007-9327","note":"PMID: 19132766\nPMCID: PMC2653308","journalAbbreviation":"World J Gastroenterol","author":[{"family":"Liao","given":"Dong-Hua"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Jing-Bo"},{"family":"Gregersen","given":"Hans"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",1,14]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Liao, Zhao, & Gregersen, 2009). Constipation means facing difficulties to pass the stool which is caused by eating an inadequate amount of fiber in the diet or distortion in the regular routine. Besides, a critical amount of conditions encompass complexities in the digestive systems. For instance, auto-immune and inflammatory conditions, infections, structural or functional problems, tract and cancers. The presence of different kinds of bacteria is dominant in most of these complexities. Food poisoning or pain in the abdomen illustrate the consequences of not being able to consume a healthy diet or walking or exercising to digest the meal properly.

First response

The discussion post offers a comprehensive account of the functions, diseases and disorders of the digestive system. The digestive process has initiated the instance the bolus travels via the esophagus because it starts to further break down and travel down the body at this point. Certain kinds of disease related to the digestive system are highlighted in the discussion post For instance, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GRED) is a severe condition comprising heartburn caused by the weakness of the valve between stomach and esophagus. GED is discussed thoroughly in the post. I shall advance to respond and discuss the celiac disease. As per estimates, one in 133 Americans is suffering from celiac disease ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"AJ50Byme","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lamont, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Lamont, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":470,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/9897QIB8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/9897QIB8"],"itemData":{"id":470,"type":"article-journal","title":"Evidence-based management of gastrointestinal diseases","container-title":"Gastroenterology Report","page":"1-2","volume":"3","issue":"1","source":"PubMed Central","DOI":"10.1093/gastro/gou092","ISSN":"2052-0034","note":"PMID: 25673802\nPMCID: PMC4324873","journalAbbreviation":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)","author":[{"family":"Lamont","given":"J. Thomas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lamont, 2015). An intriguing reality is that 835 of people having celiac disease are unaware of the disease or are misdiagnosed. Gluten is necessary to keep the immune system on track as the disease causes severe damage to villi which is a fingered like protrusions in the small intestines. These protrusions are essential to assist the body to absorb the meal and nutrients ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"sTheg0rz","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lee et al., 2013)","plainCitation":"(Lee et al., 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":477,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/QNPIDNBP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/QNPIDNBP"],"itemData":{"id":477,"type":"article-journal","title":"Digestive system-related pathophysiological symptoms of Sasang typology: Systematic review","container-title":"Integrative Medicine Research","page":"39-48","volume":"2","issue":"2","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"The purpose of this study was to review clinical studies on digestive system-related pathophysiological symptoms of each Sasang type to obtain the generalizable typespecific clinical features, which are important for the diagnosis of the Sasang type and subsequent disease treatment. Sasang typology and digestive system symptom-related keywords were used to search through eight domestic and foreign databases up to March 2012. The results were organized and analyzed based on four categories [digestive function, appetite, eating pattern, and body mass index (BMI)] to elucidate type-specific symptoms. Sasang type-specific digestive system-related symptoms were identified by reviewing 30 related articles that were gathered by searching through the databases. The Tae-Eum (TE) type had the highest digestive functions and the So-Eum (SE) type had the lowest. The TE type appeared to have larger volume with fast eating speed compared with the SE type and individuals in the TE category preferred fatty or salty food, which is responsible for the high occurrence rates of organic digestive diseases such as gastritis. Moreover, BMI was higher in the TE type and lower in the SE type. We systematically reviewed previously published clinical reports on digestive functions, which can be used to meet the objective of Sasang-type differentiation and pathophysiological pattern identification.","DOI":"10.1016/j.imr.2013.04.001","ISSN":"2213-4220","note":"PMID: 28664053\nPMCID: PMC5481684","title-short":"Digestive system-related pathophysiological symptoms of Sasang typology","journalAbbreviation":"Integr Med Res","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Mi Suk"},{"family":"Sohn","given":"Kyungwoo"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Yun Hee"},{"family":"Hwang","given":"Min-Woo"},{"family":"Kwon","given":"Young Kyu"},{"family":"Bae","given":"Na Young"},{"family":"Chae","given":"Han"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lee et al., 2013). In children, signs of celiac disease include bloating, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, weight loss and abdominal pain it was productive to discuss it as its symptoms cannot be identified in most of the cases.

Second Response

In the second post, the mechanical and chemical processes of the digestive system are discussed. The very first step is chewing known as swallowing or ingestion. Afterward, digestion takes place and the food is broken to be absorbed in the form of particles. The discussion post also highlights the features of the gastrointestinal system and its organs. Celiac disease is discussed which is also critical as its symptoms are often undetectable. It is a common disease which can be confronted by consuming an excessive amount of gluten. I shall discuss the disease namely hemorrhoids. It is an inflammation of blood vessels at the end of the digestive tract. They can be very painful and itchy. Its causes comprise diarrhea, chronic constipation, lack of fiber and nutrients in the diet and straining in bowl movements. It can be treated by drinking an excessive amount of water eating more fiber and exercising persistently. In case the condition does not get better it is necessary to consult a doctor where at times, hemorrhoidectomy is required to remove the hemorrhoids through surgery. As per a scientific study, approximately 75% of Americans aging above 45 have hemorrhoids ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"s5Ws8CIn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hunt et al., 2015)","plainCitation":"(Hunt et al., 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":474,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/B3CZQR8J"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/yvjivw9i/items/B3CZQR8J"],"itemData":{"id":474,"type":"article-journal","title":"The stomach in health and disease","container-title":"Gut","page":"1650-1668","volume":"64","issue":"10","source":"PubMed","abstract":"The stomach is traditionally regarded as a hollow muscular sac that initiates the second phase of digestion. Yet this simple view ignores the fact that it is the most sophisticated endocrine organ with unique physiology, biochemistry, immunology and microbiology. All ingested materials, including our nutrition, have to negotiate this organ first, and as such, the stomach is arguably the most important segment within the GI tract. The unique biological function of gastric acid secretion not only initiates the digestive process but also acts as a first line of defence against food-borne microbes. Normal gastric physiology and morphology may be disrupted by Helicobacter pylori infection, the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world and the aetiological agent for most peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In this state-of-the-art review, the most relevant new aspects of the stomach in health and disease are addressed. Topics include gastric physiology and the role of gastric dysmotility in dyspepsia and gastroparesis; the stomach in appetite control and obesity; there is an update on the immunology of the stomach and the emerging field of the gastric microbiome. H. pylori-induced gastritis and its associated diseases including peptic ulcers and gastric cancer are addressed together with advances in diagnosis. The conclusions provide a future approach to gastric diseases underpinned by the concept that a healthy stomach is the gateway to a healthy and balanced host. This philosophy should reinforce any public health efforts designed to eradicate major gastric diseases, including stomach cancer.","DOI":"10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307595","ISSN":"1468-3288","note":"PMID: 26342014\nPMCID: PMC4835810","journalAbbreviation":"Gut","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Hunt","given":"R. H."},{"family":"Camilleri","given":"M."},{"family":"Crowe","given":"S. E."},{"family":"El-Omar","given":"E. M."},{"family":"Fox","given":"J. G."},{"family":"Kuipers","given":"E. J."},{"family":"Malfertheiner","given":"P."},{"family":"McColl","given":"K. E. L."},{"family":"Pritchard","given":"D. M."},{"family":"Rugge","given":"M."},{"family":"Sonnenberg","given":"A."},{"family":"Sugano","given":"K."},{"family":"Tack","given":"J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hunt et al., 2015). However, the information presented in the discussion post was also productive and adds to the comprehension of the mechanics, disorders and diseases of the digestive system.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Hunt, R. H., Camilleri, M., Crowe, S. E., El-Omar, E. M., Fox, J. G., Kuipers, E. J., … Tack, J. (2015). The stomach in health and disease. Gut, 64(10), 1650–1668. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307595

Lamont, J. T. (2015). Evidence-based management of gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterology Report, 3(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/gou092

Lee, M. S., Sohn, K., Kim, Y. H., Hwang, M.-W., Kwon, Y. K., Bae, N. Y., & Chae, H. (2013). Digestive system-related pathophysiological symptoms of Sasang typology: Systematic review. Integrative Medicine Research, 2(2), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2013.04.001

Liao, D.-H., Zhao, J.-B., & Gregersen, H. (2009). Gastrointestinal tract modelling in health and disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG, 15(2), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.169

Zika Virus

Zika Virus- Transmission routes

Through mosquito

Zika virus is spread by mosquitoes, in particular Aedes aegypti, whose habitat includes countries in the tropical region. Aedes mosquitoes are also responsible for outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya and yellow fever.

The placenta route

The zika virus migrates from the mother's bloodstream to the placenta. Then the virus develops and spread to the fetal brain. The virus crossed the mother's bloodstream, to infect the developing brain of the fetus, resulting in nerve damage. The virus not only migrates to the placenta, but also multiplies. Usually zika virus infection with this route, occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy1.

The amniotic bag route

The amniotic sac is a pair of transparent membranes that are strong but thin, as a protector of the developing fetus. Epithelial cells from the amniotic membrane surrounding the fetus are very susceptible to zika virus infection. This shows that these cells play an important role in mediating the transmission of the zika virus to the fetus and supports the hypothesis that transmission can occur through membranes. Usually, zika virus infection with this route occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Through sex

Speaking of other methods of transmission of Zika virus, the disease is not transmitted either by airborne droplets or by personal contact with a patient. However, in the United States, a case of sexual transmission of the virus has been described. Scientists have confirmed that one case of infection after sexual contact was recorded, but such evidence was not massively recorded, therefore, there is no reason to state that there is a 100% risk of this method of transmission of the virus2.

Through blood transfusion

Zika can be transmitted through blood in any kind of blood transmission or transfusion.

How to prevent ?

This first thing is to prevent one from mosquito bites and for that any repellent can be use. The transmission of the zika virus from infected mothers, to the fetus on both potential routes, thereby cause birth defects3 . Condoms can be used to prevent sexually transmitted disease. Screened and tested blood must be use if required.

References

1. Revised Recommendations for Reducing the Risk of Zika ...

https://www.fda.gov/media/99797/download. Accessed December 18, 2019.

2. Prevention and Transmission. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/index.html. Published May 20, 2019. Accessed December 18, 2019.

3. Preventing Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy, Puerto Rico,

USA, 2016 - Volume 25, Number 11-November 2019 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/25/11/19-0915_article. Accessed December 18, 2019.