Telemedicine

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Telemedicine

Telemedicine has been able to capture the attention of the medical professionals across the world. With the influx of the technology, the importance of the Telemedicine has compounded to a great extent. The main premise of the Telemedicine is the assessment of the health as well as the consultation from the remote delivery. One of the things that has really brought revolution in terms of the way Telemedicine is done is that modernization of the telecommunication technology. The other thing that it does is that it allows the medical professionals to make sure that they are able to evaluate and diagnose and to ensure that the treatment of the patients is being done using the common technology. One of the reasons that the Telemedicine is becoming so much popular is due to the fact that more and more parties are able to seek various ways through which they are able to provide healthcare to the patients. The other thing that has played a major part in in the eventual popularity of the Telemedicine is that how time saving it is and how it tends to make sure that the urgent needs of the patient are being taken care off then and there. What it allows is that that medical practitioners that they are able to take care of the emergency issues and they don’t have to tend non-important or less urgent issues that can be taken care off with the primary healthcare. The importance of the Telemedicine is going to increase in the recent days which is evident by the fact that how most of the states these days are exploring laws through which it can be made sure that studies and the practice of the Telemedicine could be carried out in an easier manner. It has to be noted that despite its uses, there are instances when Telemedicine could not be used.

Work Cited

Qaddoumi, Ibrahim, et al. "Impact of telemedicine on pediatric neuro‐oncology in a developing country: The Jordanian‐Canadian experience." Pediatric blood & cancer 48.1 (2017): 39-43.

Text Messages Reminders Impact On PAP Adherence

Text messages reminders impact on PAP adherence

Author Name

[Name of the Institution]

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent incidents of upper airway collapse during sleep. Its outcome is decreased nocturnal sleep. This ensures daytime exhaustion and tiredness in patients. Gradually, obstructive sleep apnea is also accepted as an independent risk element for numerous other clinical concerns, together with hypertension and cardiovascular disease8. Various patients are also observed with stroke and abnormal glucose metabolism. Disease prevalence ranges from 3% to 7%, in patients8. Age, family history, male sex, and obesity increases the susceptibility for the disorder in patients. Other factors that increase the risk of the disorder are craniofacial abnormalities, cigarette smoking and use of alcohol. Sleep apnea is a common health disorder with noteworthy adverse consequences, and it remains undiagnosed in numerous people. The Berlin survey is an authenticated tool that is used to detect individuals who are at risk. It has been observed that one in four adults in America could be benefited from the assessment by the Berlin questionnaire. The supreme and gold standard form of management of patients with OSA is the practice of a Positive Airways Pressure (PAP) apparatus5. The PAP apparatus grips the airway and keep it exposed using air force that is introduced via a nose with a nasal mask. The volume of air force set on the pap instrument is measured during the sleep. Although there is valuable adherence with the prescribed therapy despite the great effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)6. More than 4 hours of nightly sleep would be called as adherence4. It has been observed that 46 to 83% of patients have been informed to be nonadherent to usage. Data proposes that the practice of CPAP for an extensive period of 6 hours reduces sleepiness, recovers daily working, and improved memory4. The introduction of an internet-based telehealth package for CPAP adherence training considerably reduced the labor. Telehealth (TH) is the facility of health service remotely via telecommunications, including cellular phones, smartphones, and other wireless devices3. Some devices with video service and some without video service are also used to communicate with patients. Yet, at present the idea itself is wider. Operators providing this service clarified the four concepts before using this methodology for follow-up or to develop progress in treatment. Firstly, it must increase access and decrease costs. Secondly, it should be appropriate for patients with prolonged symptoms. Thirdly, it should preserve interaction with the hospital. Fourthly, it should deliver education.

Review of literature

A study was conducted in 2008 which evaluated the high efficiency of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to converse superior airway hindrance. This study indicated that the treatment efficiency is restricted by adjustable adherence to suggested therapy. Approximately 46 to 83% of individuals have been reported to be nonadherent to the usage. This study highlighted that the choice to embrace CPAP happens during the early days of therapy. Though, many approaches for the usage of CPAP are advertised to spread awareness. Patient sensitivity and record of hours of sleepiness and daily functioning may be more imperative in defining patterns of its use. Daatalso proposes that numerous behavioral interventions may help to improve CPAP adherence.

Another study was conducted which implicates the effectiveness and labor necessities of a web-designed automatic telehealth (TH) messaging package2. This study suggested that there is a significant reduction in labor and the yields remain analogous to adherence and efficacy3. The study conducted in the year 2016 proved that the web-designed telehealth package for CPAP adherence is effective. Another research was conducted in which continuing effects on cardiovascular disease was observed in patients with OSA. This data shows a protective and the positive association of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in patients.

Telehealth and telecommunication can improve healthcare system

The development of telemedicine facilities and apparatuses has amplified the results. In a current report from 2014 to 2016, companies are projecting a 68% rise (22% to 37% usage previously) in the usage of telemedicine1. Many organizations and expert societies have encouraged or adopted, the usage of telemedicine apparatuses and procedures to help encounter the requirements of patients with OSA. Remote Interpretation using Sleep Telemedicine has resulted in improved treatment towards OSA2. This raises the technique of providing sessions to referring patients rather than straight, interactive care. A sleep treatment history with definite therapeutic information is collected at the site of care and communicated to the sleep treatment provider for evaluation. In return, the sleep treatment professionals deliver clinical guidance via a written report to the provider. This is done in a suitable time frame to create clinical conclusions. E-messaging is another technique which provides the facility for health providers to answer and interact with the patients. By using this technique, service providers deliver facilities to patients asynchronously through an electronic network. E-messages are linked with the family member or the patient1. This service can address non-urgent continuing symptoms and also the emerging symptoms. There is a need for further research to develop this process to work more effectively. Self-directed precautions are also helpful, in which patients can direct contact with interactive response, training, or new sleep-related care appliances. Examples include online videos interrelated with cognitive interactive therapies. There are telehealth programs that improve adherence to PAP treatment. Other smartphone presentations having sleep-wake information. Researchers believe that, in the future, these e programming and videos may probably have extra significant roles in the management of the health of patients with sleep syndromes.

Reference List/Endnotes

Kannisto, Kati Anneli, Marita Hannele Koivunen, and Maritta Anneli Välimäki. "Use of mobile phone text message reminders in health care services: a narrative literature review." Journal of medical Internet research 16.10 (2014): e222.

Hwang, Dennis, et al. "Effect of telemedicine education and telemonitoring on continuous positive airway pressure adherence. The tele-OSA randomized trial." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 197.1 (2018): 117-126.

Villanueva, Jair A., et al. "The role of telemedicine and mobile health in the monitoring of sleep-breathing disorders: improving patient outcomes." Smart Homecare Technology and TeleHealth 4 (2017): 1-11.

Alexander, Melannie, et al. "The national veteran sleep disorder study: Descriptive epidemiology and secular trends, 2000–2010." Sleep 39.7 (2016): 1399-1410.

Munafo, Dominic, et al. "A telehealth program for CPAP adherence reduces labor and yields similar adherence and efficacy when compared to standard of care." Sleep and Breathing 20.2 (2016): 777-785.

Rotenberg, Brian W., Dorian Murariu, and Kenny P. Pang. "Trends in CPAP adherence over twenty years of data collection: a flattened curve." Journal of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery 45.1 (2016): 43.

Hwang, Dennis, et al. "Effect of telemedicine education and telemonitoring on continuous positive airway pressure adherence. The tele-OSA randomized trial." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 197.1 (2018): 117-126.

Sullivan, Colin E. "Nasal positive airway pressure and sleep apnea. Reflections on an experimental method that became a therapy." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 198.5 (2018): 581-587.

The Christmas Truce Of 1914

Before answering the question, we must first understand what is Prisoner Dilemma. Prisoner Dilemma is a situation where one of the two individuals have to make decision that will benefit themseleves only (also known as cheat) or might want to stay silent benifting both of them (co-operate). Prisoner Dilemma is one of the standardized examples of Game theory. Here in the matter of Christmas Truce, both the parties benefited themselves with co-operation rather than competition CITATION Pri19 \l 1033 (Prisoner's dilemma, 2019). As it was the time of Christmas and both the parties were stuck in the most horrific struggles of all time, the troops from both sides came to a decision on a truce. Trust played a significant role in the incidentAt the main light of sunrise on Christmas Day, some German troopers rose up out of their channels and moved toward the Allied lines over no-man's-land, getting out "Happy Christmas" in their foes' local tongues. From the outset, the Allied officers dreaded it was a stunt, however observing the Germans unarmed they moved out of their channels and warmly greeted the opponents with open arms. As it was the of getting together with families, enjoying great meals and gifts, the troops felt that for a day they can trust each other and for a day they can forget that they were enemies. CITATION The \l 1033 (The most extraordinary true Christmas story ever | Game Theory Strategies, n.d.) They felt that they can get together and celebrate their holy festival. They exchanged gifts, souveniers and played football to create a sense of brotherhood. In the following days, the trust vanished when the battle resumed.

The Following Is A List Of Health Inequalities In The US. Choose One And Discuss (1) Whether You Believe This Is A Health Inequity And Why And (2) Factors That May Contribute To This Inequality.

Assignment

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

Assignment

Health inequity is defined as a difference in the health outcomes of different populations. Health inequities have a significant economic and social effect on both individuals and societies. Whereas, health disparity is defined as a preventable differences in the injury, disease burden, opportunities and violence, to achieve the optimal health that is experienced by different populations. The groups are characterized by age, race, ethnicity, social status, income and education. These types of health disparities are one of the main reasons due to which HIV/AIDS and sexual diseases are more common among black people. In my opinion, sexually transmitted diseases are higher among black and Hispanic youth than white youth due to health disparity (Belizán et al., 2007).

In 2014, it was estimated that in America, the estimated rate of HIV diagnosis was 13.8/100,000 population and 49 among the black and Hispanic youth. In 2013, black Americans represented 47.0% of all deaths from HIV. It is reported in different studies that HIV/AIDs diagnostic rates among black and Hispanic youth are 3 to 4 times more as compare to white youth. Studies have also shown that black women are 4 times more likely to die from pregnancy-related complications as compared to white women. This is because black women are undervalued. Studies have shown that black people that are diagnosed with HIV/AIDs are less likely to receive treatment, care and adequate viral suppression. Many social and cultural barriers hinder HIV diagnosis, treatment and prevention, especially among groups of black people. Secondly, black people are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behavior as compared to white youth. Black Americans are more at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases because they do not use condoms or protection. They abuse drugs and alcohol, which leads to increased risk of HIV/Aids and other sexually transmitted diseases among them. Another factor that is associated with the increase in HIV among black people is the lack of knowledge regarding HIV and low socioeconomic status (Sharma et al., 2017).

References

Belizán, J. M., Cafferata, M. L., Belizán, M. & Althabe, F. 2007. Health inequality in Latin America. The Lancet, 370, 1599-1600.

Sharma, A., Wang, L. Y., Dunville, R., Valencia, R. K., Rosenberg, E. S. & Sullivan, P. S. 2017.

The Impact Of Cultural Values, Beliefs

Mental Health and APRN Role

Name

Institution

Mental Health and role of APRN

Advanced Practitioner Nurses are responsible for enhancing patients’ wellbeing in variety of settings including nursing homes, medical offices and hospitals. These roles include nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetics, certified nurse midwives, and clinical nurse specialists. This paper will specifically focus on the personal attributes of nurses that affect the patients’ outcomes regarding their mental and emotional wellbeing. Needless to say, humans are the product of their genetics and environment; both of these factors determine their thinking patterns, perceptions, feelings, emotions, orientations, outlooks, attitudes, behaviors, decision making, coping skills, intelligence and personality in general (Cohn, 2015). Hence, an individual belonging to a certain culture possesses certain beliefs that control his actions and attitudes towards other individuals both in personal and professional settings. For instance, under the influence of culture, if an APRN believes that men are emotionally stronger than women and are less likely to experience emotional and behavioral problems because their coping skills are more refined and rational than women, she is expected to have biased approach in the clinical setting. For example, she may give less serious consideration and limited time to the male patients as compared to the females. This biased belief affects her field practice and associated patient outcomes gravely, despite utmost professional competence, knowledge and practice (GGT, 2014). This is how nurses’ beliefs and cultural values put substantial impact on the wellbeing of patients in psychological, emotional and social terms. Moreover, nurses belonging to different culture need to synchronize their beliefs with that of patients so that effective rapport could be established and patients’ outcomes could be improvised. The need of the hour is to devise specialized training programs for nurses so that the effects of cultural values and belief systems could be minimized in the clinical setting.

References

Cohn, D. (2015). Future immigration will change the face of America by 2065. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/10/05/future-immigration-will-change-the-face-of-america-by-2065/

Cultural Competence in Health Care: Is It Important for People with Chronic Conditions? (2014). GGT. https://hpi.georgetown.edu/agingsociety/pubhtml/cultural/cultural.html

The Inclusion Of Nurses In The System Development Life Cycle

Title page

Inclusion of nurses

Hi Ellyce,

I agree that nurses have crucial role in all stages of Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) because they and bring efficiency in operations. Nurses have better knowledge of understanding the hospital settings and take active role in responding to the patients on time. Delay in patient care can have adverse impacts on patients which results when doctors are busy with other patients. Presence of nurses will mitigate the risks of delayed response. I agree that nurses must be involved in SDLC because they can verbalize capabilities and also have better access to the systems. When they will be involved in these processes their ability of using the system at time of treating patients will produce better outcomes.

I agree that the best thing that a nurse can do is to participate in development of the teaching materials. They can learn how to make best use of systems for improving the health of the patients and by avoiding delays. I think that the most visible benefit of including nurses is their ability of integrating the lab system. This will prevent delays on provision of appropriate services to the clients or patients. Diagnosis can also be performed efficiently CITATION RCh12 \l 1033 (Swanson, et al., 2012). ICD 9 and ICD 10 codes also highlight instructions that nurses must follow. I agree that nurses must be able to organize codes and use them for the best interest of the patients. This will lead to improve quality of care resulting in patient’s welfare. Nurses are important because they can help patients and families in understanding the problem CITATION Saf17 \l 1033 (Layeb, Jmal, Aissaoui, & Mansour, 2017). Such as they can use visuals for explaining the things by using graph and visuals. This will allow them in improving the understanding of the patients.

References

Kelley JM, Kraft-Todd G, Schapira L, Kossowsky J, Riess H. (2014). The influence of the patient-clinician relationship on healthcare outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One, 9(4).

Kennedy M, Denise M, Fasolino M, John P, Gullen M, David J. (2014). Improving the patient experience through provider communication skills building. Patient Exper J, 1(1):56–60.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Layeb, S., Jmal, Y., Aissaoui, N., & Mansour, F. Z. (2017). Application of Value Stream Mapping in Charles Nicolle Hospital’s emergency department: current state and future opportunities . Conference: Tunisia-Japan Symposium on Science, Society and Technology .

Swanson, R. C., Cattaneo, A., Elizabeth Bradley, Chunharas, S., Atun, R., Abbas, K. M., et al. (2012). Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change. Health Policy Plan , 27 (4), 54-61.

The Inclusion Of Nurses In The System Development Life Cycle

Title page

Inclusion of nurses in system development life cycle

Hi Miguel,

I agree with the post as it considers the role of nurses is essential in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The involvement of nurses in SDLC is important because they make the largest part of workforce and directly engage with patients. The patients admitted to hospitals have the first contact with the nurses so they must be involved in development of the software. This will improve their ability of interacting with the clinicians efficiently. The most visible benefits include saving time and attaining efficiency in operations. This will improve nurses ability of responding to the patients and interacting with the healthcare providers on time.

The concept of using iMobile and technology is also relevant to the SDLC which will allow nurses to make better plans. They can gain access to complete information which, will prevent them from committing errors in the procedures adopted for addressing the patients. I agree that there is need for creating effective technology policy which will prevent nurses from wrong use of the information. By involving them they would be able to determine when they need to change the equipment and what steps have to followed for the right use of technology. This is an effective way of removing the weaknesses and improving the performance of the professional nurse.

Getting involves in the phases of SDLC will allow nurses to evaluate policies and assure that they are used in appropriate manner. This will lead to the better healthcare outcomes, such as increased likelihood of patients recovery and reduction in the readmission rates. Technology can improve the precision of nurses which allow them to make right diagnoses. The net result is enhanced health of patients.

References

Kelley JM, Kraft-Todd G, Schapira L, Kossowsky J, Riess H. (2014). The influence of the patient-clinician relationship on healthcare outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One, 9(4).

Kennedy M, Denise M, Fasolino M, John P, Gullen M, David J. (2014). Improving the patient experience through provider communication skills building. Patient Exper J, 1(1):56–60.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Layeb, S., Jmal, Y., Aissaoui, N., & Mansour, F. Z. (2017). Application of Value Stream Mapping in Charles Nicolle Hospital’s emergency department: current state and future opportunities . Conference: Tunisia-Japan Symposium on Science, Society and Technology .

Swanson, R. C., Cattaneo, A., Elizabeth Bradley, Chunharas, S., Atun, R., Abbas, K. M., et al. (2012). Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change. Health Policy Plan , 27 (4), 54-61.

The Interpretation Of Research In Health Care Is Essential To Decision Making. By Understanding Research, Health Care Providers Can Identify Risk Factors, Trends, Outcomes For Treatment, Health Care Costs And Best Practices. To Be Effective In Evaluating

Article Analysis 1

Article Citation and Permalink (APA format)

Article 1

Thornton, R. D., Nurse, N., Snavely, L., Hackett-Zahler, S., Frank, K., & DiTomass, R. A. (2017). Influences on patient satisfaction in healthcare centers: a semi-quantitative study over 5 years . BMC Health Serv Res, 17.

Article 2

lioudi, S., Lazakidou, A., & Tsironi, M. (2013). Importance of Patient Satisfaction Measurement and Electronic Surveys: Methodology and Potential Benefits . International Journal of Health Research and Innovation, 1 (1), 67-87.

Article 3

Ofili, O. U. (2014). PATIENT SATISFACTION IN HEALTHCARE DELIVERY – A REVIEW OF CURRENT APPROACHES AND METHODS. European Scientific Journal, 10 (25).

Point

Description

Description

Description

Broad Topic Area/Title

Explains the relationship between patients satisfaction and quality of care.

Patient satisfaction is linked to quality of care.

Identify Independent and Dependent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables

Dependent variable: patient satisfaction

Independent variable: cost, patient expectations, quality of care

Dependent variable: patient satisfaction

Independent variable: quality of service

Dependent variable: patient satisfaction

Independent variable: quality of service, time of response.

Population of Interest for the Study

Patients who are admitted at 6 hospitals.

Semi-structured interviews are conducted with patients.

Clients of the hospitals and healthcare institutes are inquired.

Semi-structured interviews are conducted.

Sample

889 outpatients

5-10 patients from healthcare institutes

195 patients were interviewed.

Sampling Method

A random sampling method is used.

A random sampling method is used.

A random sampling method is used.

Descriptive Statistics (Mean, Median, Mode; Standard Deviation)

Identify examples of descriptive statistics in the article.

Mean scores of satisfaction with physicians is (4.27 ± 0.65)

Mean of orderly/ time is

(3.89 ± 0.66)

Means and scores are not estimated.

Means are not calculated.

Inferential Statistics

Identify examples of inferential statistics in the article.

The score of 3.9 represents 20-25% of satisfaction. 98% of the patients exhibits satisfaction due to low cost of care.

The statistics depicts that 64% of the patients are satisfied with quality of care.

The findings depicts that patients who find the quality of service good were satisfied.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Ilioudi, S., Lazakidou, A., & Tsironi, M. (2013). Importance of Patient Satisfaction Measurement and Electronic Surveys: Methodology and Potential Benefits . International Journal of Health Research and Innovation, , 1 (1), 67-87.

Ofili, O. U. (2014). PATIENT SATISFACTION IN HEALTHCARE DELIVERY – A REVIEW OF CURRENT APPROACHES AND METHODS. European Scientific Journal , 10 (25).

Thornton, R. D., Nurse, N., Snavely, L., Hackett-Zahler, S., Frank, K., & DiTomass, R. A. (2017). Influences on patient satisfaction in healthcare centers: a semi-quantitative study over 5 years . BMC Health Serv Res. , 17.

Layeb, S., Jmal, Y., Aissaoui, N., & Mansour, F. Z. (2017). Application of Value Stream Mapping in Charles Nicolle Hospital's emergency department: current state and future opportunities. Conference: Tunisia-Japan Symposium on Science, Society, and Technology.

Lin, C. K., Ling, T. W., & Yeung, W. K. (2017). Resource Allocation and Outpatient Appointment Scheduling Using Simulation Optimization. Journal of Healthc Eng, 25.

Swanson, R. C., Cattaneo, A., Elizabeth Bradley, Chunharas, S., Atun, R., Abbas, K. M., et al. (2012). Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change. Health Policy Plan, 27 (4), 54-61.

The Nurse’s Role In Promoting Quality Health Care

Staff Nurses’ Role in Improving Quality Care

Name

Institution

Organizational structure and Staff Nurses’ Role in Improving Quality Care

I chose hospital setting for communicating my experience regarding organizational structure and my role as a staff nurse for improving quality care for the patients. Nurses play irrefutably significant role in nearly all the aspects of healthcare management because they directly influence all the practices taking place in the hospital (TINE, 2017). These practices include medicine management, patient care, collaborative practices with other healthcare staff, assistance in surgical operations and research; data collection, maintenance and documentation.

Moreover, they are directly associated with the assessment and monitoring of patients, development of care plan, implementation of instant interventions aimed at reducing or preventing the risks of medical complications. Besides executing healthcare practices, nurses help in educating patients and their families for discussing treatment plans with their prospective advantages and shortcomings. This is how staff nurse plays significant role in improving the quality of care in the hospital setting in general terms.

Organizational culture is an umbrella term encapsulating the behaviors and attitudes of leaders towards their subordinates and overall atmosphere of the organization. As far as my organizational culture is concerned; CEO and CNO both embrace same leadership style; the authoritarian. They decide everything by themselves; dominating and directing all the healthcare practices. They do not allow their subordinates to indulge in important decision- making for the patients and their organizations.

The responsibility of nurses is to follow the directives and decisions made by them; their intervention is strictly restricted. In many instances, when nurses fail to comply with the directions; they are punished in terms of termination, deduction, demotion or temporary leaves. In other words, mistakes are completely intolerable. However, improvements that require changes in financial budget are openly accepted because patient safety is the most valued healthcare goal for my leaders.

Personally, I do not support this type of leadership because it limits the professional growth and competence of nurses through providing highly rigid environment where employees are thought to be nothing but the extensions of their machines. Quality of healthcare organization can be improved through improving nurses’ performance. It can be improved through education, training, autonomy of nurses and dignifying their existence rather than confining their duty to mere obedience to the authority (Spath, 2013).

References

The Role of Nurses in Hospital Quality Improvement (2017). TINE. Retrieved from http://tinehealth.com/2017/06/05/the-role-of-nurses-in-hospital-quality-improvement/

Spath, L. (2013). Introduction to Healthcare Quality Management. Health Administration Press, Chicago, Illinois, AUPHA Press, Arlington, Virginia.

The Opt Out System Of Organ Donation Should Be Adopted In Australia !!!- RELIGION

The opt-out system of organ donation should be adopted in Australia - RELIGION

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The opt-out system of organ donation should be adopted in Australia - RELIGION

The first thing is first, what is the opt-out system of organ donation? The nature of the opt-out system of donation is such that the consent of the deceased donor is accepted and presumed (Bhatia & Tibballs, 2017). No changes can be made in the organ donation decision unless or until a written statement from the deceased is provided in which they have said that they will not be donating any organ (Howard et al., 2016). Australia is currently operating on an opt-in system for organ donation in which if the donor passes away, regardless of giving consent the family makes the final decision of giving the organ.

Australia should switch to the opt-out system of organ donation as stats have proven that this strategy can bring a rise in the rates of organ transplants. There is substantial evidence present which has proven that a lot of lives have been saved because of the opt-out system (Tarrant, 2017). Even when the opt-out system is seen under the light of religion, it only projects positivity. Every religion out there supports the saving of lives, and this system only increases the chances of survival of many people out there who have given up on hope (Trotter, 2017). There is no religion out there which formally prohibits organ donation or has shown constraint against donating from a deceased or living patient (Hanson et al., 2017). There are only a few orthodox extremists who are against the donation of organs more specifically from a deceased donor, however, most religions approve of it.

Let us shed light on this matter by discussing the views of some of the major religions in found in Australia. For starters, the example of the Catholic Church can be taken, most Christians are in support of the organ donation (Toews, 2017). The bigger chunk of Christians look at organ donation as an act of sheer love towards mankind and is seen as devotion to God. Christian scientists are also supporters of organ donation, they believe that it is an individual’s decision. Coming to Hinduism, they believe in the concept of reincarnation and a second life. For them reincarnating into a better form and caste all depends on the good deeds done in the past life (Ferguson et al., 2018). Donating an organ and saving a life is seen as one of the greatest good, so Hinduism is in supporter of the concept of transplant and donation as well. Buddhism believe the fact that tissue and organ donation is an act of individual integrity and carries great value as an act that represents compassion (Gain et al., 2016). The Greek Orthodox Church is also in support of organ donation as the act denotes sacrifice and love amongst people. Lastly, but most importantly Reformed Church of Australia also does not have any principle or biblical objection on organ transplant and donation for healing purposes.

Other than the above-mentioned religions, Judaism, Maori, Quakers, Pentecostal, Shinto, Episcopal, and many Churches approve the transplant and donation of organs. They think of it as an act that carries great compassion and can save human lives (Isdale & Savulescu, 2015). So, even from a religious perspective, the donation of the organ is a decision of the individual, it is a matter between them and God and should be permissible. It is not about what is ethically and morally correct when the donor have given the consent. Majority of the people in Australia die in the wait of a renal transplant due to the opt-in system (Jericho, 2019). The chunk of people who die without getting a transplant is also inclusive of young children. So, Australia needs to switch to opt-out system of organ donation to save more lives.

References

Bhatia, N., & Tibballs, J. (2017). The Development of Property Rights over Cadaveric Tissues and Organs: Legal Obstructions to the Procurement of Organs in an'Opt-Out'System of Organ Donation in Australia and New Zealand. Available at SSRN 3269656.

Howard, K., Jan, S., Rose, J. M., Wong, G., Craig, J. C., Irving, M., ... & Cass, A. (2016). Preferences for policy options for deceased organ donation for transplantation: a discrete choice experiment. Transplantation, 100(5), 1136-1148.

Tarrant, D. (2017). Opinion: Organ donation-should Australia adopt an opt-out system?. Australian Medicine, 29(15), 15.

Trotter, J. F. (2017). Liver transplantation around the world. Current opinion in organ transplantation, 22(2), 123-127.

Hanson, C. S., Ralph, A. F., Manera, K. E., Gill, J. S., Kanellis, J., Wong, G., ... & Tong, A. (2017). The lived experience of “being evaluated” for organ donation: focus groups with living kidney donors. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 12(11), 1852-1861.

Toews, M. (2017). Increasing organ donation rates: What's legal and what's not?. Bulletin (Law Society of South Australia), 39(11), 18.

Ferguson, E., Dorner, L., France, C. R., France, J. L., Masser, B., Lam, M., ... & Huis in’t Veld, E. (2018). Blood donor behaviour, motivations and the need for a systematic cross‐cultural perspective: the example of moral outrage and health‐and non‐health‐based philanthropy across seven countries. ISBT Science Series, 13(4), 375-383.

Gain, P., Jullienne, R., He, Z., Aldossary, M., Acquart, S., Cognasse, F., & Thuret, G. (2016). Global survey of corneal transplantation and eye banking. JAMA ophthalmology, 134(2), 167-173.

Isdale, W., & Savulescu, J. (2015). Three proposals to increase Australia’s organ supply. Monash bioethics review, 33(2-3), 91-101.

Jericho, B. G. (2019). Organ Donation After Circulatory Death: Ethical Issues and International Practices. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 128(2), 280-285.

The Power Of Working Out

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Title: The Power of Working out

Working out is the term most commonly used to refer to physical exercise; aimed at improving physical strength and appearance. It is a powerful activity that makes one feel good and totally boosts their self-esteem. It is like an achievement when one step on the scales and realize they are on the track of a healthy life. Exercise certainly can help to increase confidence as long as one finds success in what they are doing. For this purpose, people working out have to set realistic goals to achieve success. As one continues exercising and begin to reach their fitness goals, a feeling of confidence develops. In addition to that, physical and mental health of indicial displays a significant boost.

Doing regular physical activity can make one feel good about themselves and it can have several benefits for their health. Moderate work out, like brisk walking, can offer numerous health advantages such as improved blood circulation, which diminishes the dangers of circulatory disease, helps maintain idea weight under control and also controls blood cholesterol levels (Penedo and Dahn). The development of microscopic blood vessels is another benefit of physical work out that results in sufficient quantities of oxygen in the muscles and removal of the metabolic wastes eventually enhancing the muscular strength of a person working out.

Exercise, whether moderate or intense, lifts one’s mood, keeps them in high spirits, raised energy and keeps their organs functioning optimally. If done from a functional standpoint, one can target to optimize performance for specific sports, just apart from looking good and keeping great health. It is worth mentioning that work out teaches many other things in life. One learns to be more willing towards goal attainment and that is true health in a real sense, be able to stay in a positive state of mind. When one works out, all the right hormones released from the brain. They get a boost of serotonin, and other hormones that boost their mood, feel more relaxed, and gladder. They also help to block feelings of pain, anxiety, and depression (Deslandes et al.). Work out also reduces the chances of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia thereby helping to maintain mental health and memory.

Lack of regular work out can lead to belly fat, type II diabetes, and heart disease which increases the dangers of prolonged illness. Therefore, daily work out is helpful to maintain a healthy weight and reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Exercise is also beneficial for muscles and bones. Exercise helps one build muscles alongside preventing osteoporosis. Works out consumes energy and helps one to sleep better so that the body can recuperate energy and it is necessary to support fast metabolism. Work out is a real energy booster not only for healthy people but those suffering from sickness as well. , it is an energy booster. Furthermore, regular work out strengthens the cardiovascular system, improves blood circulation, tones muscles and enhances body flexibility (Agarwal). All of these factors improve sex life.

Physical activities make our body fit and improves blood circulation. It may include walking, jogging, swimming, running, and even dancing, etc. Everyone has an opportunity to avail the benefits of your work out as good sleep, energy level, it will improve your memory. The physical activities will help make one live happier and longer. It can be summed up that working out regularly is a key to live a healthy and balanced life. If one is not able to practice heavy work out then walking early at morning or jogging can be the best option. Going to gym is also beneficial in this regard since it puts one in contact with people who can motivate and inspire one in many possible ways alongside enhancing their social life.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Agarwal, Shashi K. “Cardiovascular Benefits of Exercise.” International Journal of General Medicine, vol. 5, 2012, p. 541.

Deslandes, Andréa, et al. “Exercise and Mental Health: Many Reasons to Move.” Neuropsychobiology, vol. 59, no. 4, 2009, pp. 191–98.

Penedo, Frank J., and Jason R. Dahn. “Exercise and Well-Being: A Review of Mental and Physical Health Benefits Associated with Physical Activity.” Current Opinion in Psychiatry, vol. 18, no. 2, 2005, pp. 189–93.

The Role For This Paper Must Be On Forensic Nursing.



The Role of Forensic Nursing in Community Health Nursing Practice

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

A Community Health Nurse is the nurses who work among a team of professionals, as a companion in the disciplines of public health, consumers and non-professionals to improve the health care and practices of the populations. The various roles are assigned in practice to make sure rely on the three primary functions of the public health that are policy development, assurance, and assessment. The community nurse will be a forensic nurse CITATION Nie11 \l 1033 (Nies, 2011). The role of the Forensic nurse is to focus on the intersection that reoccurs between the law and health. The forensic nurse should not only be skilled in the nursing department, but she should rather be extra knowledgable about the legal system. The primary responsibilities of the Forensic nurse are to take care of the persons who are involved in physical trauma, such as the sexual assault, domestic violence, rape cases, criminal activity, accidents, and liabilities, etc. A forensic nurse is offered a bundle of legal training, and despite this extensive health training, their role focuses on providing emotional support to the people to the traumatized people. A forensic nurse would be fully functional in a community area of jails, prisons, and educational sectors. CITATION Lyn10 \l 1033 (Lynch, 2010)The purpose of the Forensic Nurse is to properly care and treat for the individuals that are discriminately involved in intentional or unintentional injuries. The population for the Forensic Nurse practice is victims and suspects of interpersonal violence, man-made catastrophes. It also deals with the population that is victimized by the natural traumas. The purpose of this paper is to identify the roles and responsibilities of a forensic nurse in a community health setting where it could show the potential in its certain population. CITATION Int15 \l 1033 (IAFN, 2015)

A community setting is a place where the forensic nurses can apply their field of practice in a certain place. The community setting is just like giving a care in a real-world environment. To perfectly demonstrate the role of forensic nurses and how she effectively manages the care of the given population. The community setting will include a bedroom, a lounge, a kitchen, and dinner. The setting will feature all the basic furniture necessary, and in some cases, you will be allowed only with restricted space, will ensure and let you practice in a realistically varied home environment. CITATION Mas02 \l 1033 (Mason, 2002)

Our community setting will include

Three to Four different TV lounges with different theme setting and furnished to reflect a varying number of age groups. The lounges setting will include multiple, and different accommodation is depending upon the age groups that are set for, i.e. Elder person, young and modern, and an adolescent’s lounge.

Four different bedrooms, furnished and set in the same way as that of the lounge settings to reflect different age groups.

A dining table with spacious enough area to accommodate a maximum number of 4-6 people to sit.

A spacious and roomy kitchen.

The community setting is developed and set as such to meet the needs of the community which might change and progress over a short amount of time. The environment will provide a paramedic science, nursing staff which will include Educational nurses, Sexual Assault Nurses, and Correctional Nurses for the practicing of the skills.

Forensic nurses are essential in providing care and practice throughout the domains of administration, public, research, education, and nursing practice. The systems in which forensic nurses practice, varying, depending upon the location, community standards and most importantly, the influence of the legal activities include

Investigation Organizations

Criminal Justice Departments

Public Sector Organizations

Educational and Private Sectors

Healthcare Organizations

International Organizations

Social Services Organizations and Systems.

Forensic nursing will include a diversity of population largely affecting the areas of

Sexual violence

Physical Abuse

Violence resulting in death

Intentional or unintentional injury

Intrapersonal or Interpersonal Violence

CITATION Hel09 \l 1033 (Cole, 2009)It is the most common domain dealt by the forensic nursing. This domain of practice responds to the trauma that occurred during the time of sexual assault and abuse. They are also involved in the dealing of the intervention through the symptoms before the actions to mitigate the effect of the sexual violence on the victims surrounding environment CITATION Cam09 \l 1033 (Campbell, 2009).

Medicolegal Death Investigation:

In the medicolegal death investigations, forensic nurses are involved in the observation, data collection and analysis to the deep determination to understand the cause of the death. The main objective of the medicolegal death investigation is to advocate the patient through the proper utilization of the skills and knowledge. They have the proper authority to use the outcomes the death as an obligation for the health promotion and to finalize the outcomes. Their investigation promotes health among families, communities, and colleagues CITATION Max05 \l 1033 (Maxima Encinares, 2005).

Psychiatric–Mental Health/Correctional Settings:

This applies to the knowledge of principles of the psychiatric learning principles and theories to take care and treat the persons who are involved in the correctional settings who are suffering from psychological or mental disorders. CITATION Dav02 \l 1033 (Holmes, 2002)

Forensic nursing is correctional nurses who work in prisons, jails, or juvenile detention centers. They may give sick call services to inmates who have illness problems regularly and determine whether a reference to a physician or hospital is necessary. Their role is to manage chronic health conditions such as asthma or high blood pressure and perform screening for infectious diseases. Forensic nurses not only have to perform nursing duties but they also have to gather the information about the prison assaults. They also act as coroner's investigators to collect evidence about deaths, which also include evidence for possible homicides (The Roles & Responsibilities of Forensic Nurses, 2019).

Forensic nurse act as coroner's investigator who obtains the victim's social history and medical information from their relatives or parents. They examine the body of the victims and find out the reason for the death. Many forensic nurses also work for child abuse, domestic violence or elder neglect. They can also give evidence and expert witness testimony in the court. Forensic nurses are often called on to consult with legal authorities or to work with law enforcement personnel. They may testify their role in the examination of the patient and the collection of specimens.

Summary:

Forensic Nurses are nurses who are actively involved in the care and treatment of the victims involved in sexual violence, sexual abuse, and partner violence. The role of the Forensic nurse is to focus on the intersection that reoccurs between the law and health. The forensic nurse should not only be skilled in the nursing department, but she should rather be extra knowledgable about the legal system. The primary responsibilities of the Forensic nurse are to take care of the persons who are involved in physical trauma, such as the sexual assault, domestic violence, rape cases, criminal activity, accidents, and liabilities, etc. In a proper community setting of the real-world environment through the identified population they deal with. Their population includes the victims and suspects who are involved in acts of sexual violence and abuse, interpersonal and intrapersonal violence, intimate partner violence, etc. The forensic nurse plays its role in the departments of sexual assault and provides its practices to some organizations and institutions like healthcare, educational, private and public sectors, etc.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Brock DW, W. S. (1990). When competent patients make irrational choices. New England Journal of Medicine, 1595-1599.

Campbell, R. P. (2009). Predicting sexual assault prosecution outcomes: The role of medical forensic evidence collected by sexual assault nurse examiners. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 712-727.

Cole, H. (2009). Human trafficking: implications for the role of the advanced practice forensic nurse. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 462-470.

Holmes, D. (2002). Police and pastoral power: Governmentality and correctional forensic psychiatric nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 84-92.

IAFN, I. A. (2015). Forensic Nursing Scope and Standards 2015 DRAFT Approved by IAFN Board of Directors for Member Commen. MAryland.

Jonsen AR, S. M. (1986). Clinical Ethics: a Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine, 2nd Ed. New York: Macmillan.

Lynch, V. A. (2010). Forensic Nursing Science-E-Boo. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Mason, T. (2002). Forensic psychiatric nursing: A literature review and thematic analysis of role tensions. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 9, 511-520.

Maxima Encinares, R. N. (2005). Risk Assessment of Forensic Patients Nurses' Role. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 3.

Nies, M. A. (2011). Community health nursing: promoting the health of populations. Elsevier Health Sciences.

The Role Of The Nurse Leader

The Role of the Nurse Leader

The Role of the Nurse Leader

Over the last few years, nurses have adopted greater responsibilities and the leadership role of the nurse has emerged. Nurse leaders have three main responsibilities. First, they are responsible for ensuring the safe delivery of care; secondly, they must be familiar with the protocols and standards of their profession and health care facility. As leader nurses are responsible for supervising the members of the team and for guaranteeing that all patients receive a high quality of care. Nurse leaders should regularly read health policies and professional publications. They should take patient complains seriously and appropriately address them. To complete a project nurse leaders must bring individual nurses as a team. Nurses are responsible for not only make vital decisions but also to assist in patient care to carry out different t responsibilities such as staff management, treatment planning, case management, scheduling, recruiting, budgeting and developing a training plan.

Nurse managers need strong leadership and communication skills. They should be experts in coordinating personnel and meeting the objectives and goals of an organization. They must be effective leaders who can make a balance between healthcare facility administrators and nursing staff. Nurse leaders require skills that are beyond clinical care. They need excellent management skills and leadership skills and budgeting acumen. Interpersonal and communication skills are also very important.

To accomplish the project nurses should possess excellent communication skills. They must listen to the staff and concerns of patients. They must build a solid rapport with all members of staff who are involved in a project. They should provide guidance, leadership and support team members of the project. To achieve this nurses promote a positive work environment culture. Regular meetings regarding the projects should be conducted (not less than 3 in a month) to promote information sharing and effective communication. Nurse leaders should act as role models and representatives in all activities. Any change should be introduced in a sensitive and planned manner. All the actions should be taken according to the proper standards of organization and profession. This can be achieved by ensuring all the team members understand and know the objectives of the plan and how it should be executed. Nurse leaders should ensure the written documentation process to avoid confusion. All the steps should be implemented promptly and must be consistent with evidence-based practice ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Bender</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>262</RecNum><DisplayText>(Bender, 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>262</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573470533">262</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bender, Miriam</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Conceptualizing clinical nurse leader practice: an interpretive synthesis</title><secondary-title>Journal of Nursing Management</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of nursing management</full-title></periodical><pages>E23-E31</pages><volume>24</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>0966-0429</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Bender, 2016).

To make communication effective at each stage of the project, a nurse leader should create a constructive working environment. All the members of the team should have access to the relevant resources and information. Nurse leaders should effectively share all the information about projects. Honest and open communication practices should be included in maintaining and building good teamwork until the execution of the project. To enhance communication, strategies such as meeting each staff member individually and discussing the required issues should be implemented. In the case of change management, proper recruitment and orientation of new staff should be done. This can be achieved by formulating the job description. The screening process and interviews should be conducted. Work-related goals should be identified for the new team of nurses. Throughout the completion of the project, the nurse leader should try its best to educate the staff. This can be done by the appropriate training sessions for all the staff members. Nurse leaders should conduct an annual performance appraisal for the staff. Nurse leaders should identify the areas of excellence and also those which require further changes. The budget of the project should be created ta the planning phase and it must be approved after the approval from higher management ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Dyess</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>259</RecNum><DisplayText>(Dyess, Sherman, Pratt, &amp; Chiang-Hanisko, 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>259</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573470415">259</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Dyess, Susan M</author><author>Sherman, Rose O</author><author>Pratt, Beth A</author><author>Chiang-Hanisko, Lenny</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Growing nurse leaders: Their perspectives on nursing leadership and today’s practice environment</title><secondary-title>OJ Nurs</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OJ Nurs</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2016</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Dyess, Sherman, Pratt, & Chiang-Hanisko, 2016).

References

ADDIN EN.REFLIST Bender, M. (2016). Conceptualizing clinical nurse leader practice: an interpretive synthesis. Journal of nursing management, 24(1), E23-E31.

Dyess, S. M., Sherman, R. O., Pratt, B. A., & Chiang-Hanisko, L. (2016). Growing nurse leaders: Their perspectives on nursing leadership and today’s practice environment. OJ Nurs.

THE ROLE OF THE RN/APRN IN POLICY EVALUATION

Title page

Nurse in policy evaluation

Hi Dustin,

I agree with your post because you have explained the role of RN and APRN in policy making. I think nurses must be involved in the process of policy making because they have direct contact with the patients. They know the issues and complications faced by patients from deeper perspectives. It is thus important to take their views for making practical policies that could work for the overall wellness of the patients CITATION Saf17 \l 1033 (Layeb, Jmal, Aissaoui, & Mansour, 2017). I believe that nurses are capable of taking professional roles by implementing the policies, which would enhance the overall quality of healthcare.

I agree that the knowledge and experience of nurses can be used for making better policies, which could address the neglected areas. Nurses can explain the difficulties encountered by patients during receiving treatments such as delays in response from the nurse. Therefore, it will be a better approach to involve them in this process of policy making. RN/ APRN can also make suggestions such as increasing the number of nurses for providing best quality services CITATION RCh12 \l 1033 (Swanson, et al., 2012). They can also highlight weaknesses of the healthcare systems such as removing unfavorable conditions or elements of stress for the nurses. RN when involved in the policy-making can understand how they must use it in the clinical environment. This will have positive impact on the nurses because they would be able to work with more confidence. I feel that professionals like RN who are part of the healthcare organizations must be given opportunity to participate in the decision-making process. I also think that policy makers who lack nursing experience cannot make a policy which in the best interest of RN. The benefits will be numerous including exploration of unnoticed issues.

References

Kelley JM, Kraft-Todd G, Schapira L, Kossowsky J, Riess H. (2014). The influence of the patient-clinician relationship on healthcare outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One, 9(4).

Kennedy M, Denise M, Fasolino M, John P, Gullen M, David J. (2014). Improving the patient experience through provider communication skills building. Patient Exper J, 1(1):56–60.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Layeb, S., Jmal, Y., Aissaoui, N., & Mansour, F. Z. (2017). Application of Value Stream Mapping in Charles Nicolle Hospital’s emergency department: current state and future opportunities . Conference: Tunisia-Japan Symposium on Science, Society and Technology .

Swanson, R. C., Cattaneo, A., Elizabeth Bradley, Chunharas, S., Atun, R., Abbas, K. M., et al. (2012). Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change. Health Policy Plan , 27 (4), 54-61.

The Role Of The RN/Aprn In Policy Making

THE ROLE OF THE NURSES IN POLICY MAKING

Beverly Spencer

THE ROLE OF THE NURSES IN POLICY MAKING

Nurses are directly associated with the application and the implications of the healthcare narratives. They form the largest section of healthcare service providers. Nurses directly record the gaps in healthcare initiatives and policy failures in the systems. Hence nurses can provide effective knowledge regarding the formulation of policies. Nurse’s understanding of policy may increase the quality of care, identify the resources required and recognition of the voids in the policy CITATION Reb11 \l 1033 (Ludwick, 2011). Therefore it is important to include nurses in the policy-making process. Therefore, including the nurses and characterizing them as ‘policymakers’ in the ‘word cloud’ would further enhance their roles in medical care.

The nursing leaders and administrators facilitate and encourage the staff to provide an encouraging atmosphere which facilitates the healthcare staff to develop and identify ideas to encourage policy development CITATION STo05 \l 1033 (Toofany, 2005). The nurses shall be presented with opportunities to develop and initiate policies at local, national and international levels, through workshops, seminars and political conferences and training CITATION RBr12 \l 1033 (Bryant, 2012 ). The policymaking bodies and organizations should also encourage nurses to voice their opinions and actively involve in policy formulation.The biggest challenge to opportunities like these is the financial access and availability of resources to encourage such events.

A collaborative nursing environment can also provide an atmosphere of learning and policy outcomes at international levels. The STTI works actively to formulate policies and enhance healthcare globally CITATION She16 \l 1033 (Burke, 2016). It encourages visionary and enthusiastic nursing leaders who understand the political, social and economic imperatives of policymaking to take part in effective planning and decision-making processes and developing health policies that are appropriate and are vital for all healthcare systems. STTI has initiated the Global Advisory Panel on the Future of Nursing (GAPFON) that addresses the prominent policy areas by the Nursing leadership CITATION HCK15 \l 1033 (HC Klopper, 2015). The only challenge to such an opportunity is access to these large organizations.Nursing leaders formulating universal policies for health may be faced with a relative approach to the policy requirementsof different countries and therefore the ideas presented by some nurses may never gain attention as compared to others.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bryant, R. (2012 ). Nursing and Health Policy Perspectives. International Nursing Review.

Burke, S. A. (2016, February 6). Influence through policy: Nurses have a unique role. Retrieved from Reflections of Nursing Leadership: https://www.reflectionsonnursingleadership.org/commentary/more-commentary/Vol42_2_nurses-have-a-unique-role

HC Klopper, M. H. (2015). Global advisory panel on the future of nursing (GAPFON) and global health. Journal of nursing scholarship.

Ludwick, R. M. (2011). Leading the Way in Policy. Institute of Medicine.

Toofany, S. (2005). Nurses and health policy. Nursing Management.

The Role Of The RN/LPN IN POLICY MAKING

Title page

Discussion

Hi Karen,

I agree that RN/ LPN can play significant role in the policy making due to their experience. I think it is one of the major drawbacks of the policy makers that they are not using the knowledge of nurses who have direct experience of handling patients. RN and LPN had better knowledge of the issues that bother patients and needed to be resolved. It is thus practical to include them in the decision-making process (Kennedy et al., 2014). I agree that the policy making is a process in which opinions and information is shared among the members. By taking the feedback from nurses it is possible to focus even on the areas that were neglected earlier (Kelly et al., 2014).

Nurses can share useful insights about how policy making can improve the overall quality of care and how it patients are impacted by each principle. I think in the small settings such as in rural areas, nurses have a more practical role. One of the significant impact of including nurses is to find areas which are lacking and also they can conduct evaluations of the programs (Layeb et al., 2017). I agree that RN can also work as advocates so it is important to take their opinions for the policy making. RN’s can also improve the evaluations because they provide evidence based on their experiences at hospitals and clinics.

I believe that RN/ LPN is valuable resource for enhancing the quality of care and improving the patient outcomes. By making them part of the policy making they would be more aware of the programs and can use them for the best interest of the patients. RNs would also be able to offer better awareness to the patients regarding different aspects.

References

Kelley JM, Kraft-Todd G, Schapira L, Kossowsky J, Riess H. (2014). The influence of the patient-clinician relationship on healthcare outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One, 9(4).

Kennedy M, Denise M, Fasolino M, John P, Gullen M, David J. (2014). Improving the patient experience through provider communication skills building. Patient Exper J, 1(1):56–60.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Layeb, S., Jmal, Y., Aissaoui, N., & Mansour, F. Z. (2017). Application of Value Stream Mapping in Charles Nicolle Hospital’s emergency department: current state and future opportunities . Conference: Tunisia-Japan Symposium on Science, Society and Technology .

Swanson, R. C., Cattaneo, A., Elizabeth Bradley, Chunharas, S., Atun, R., Abbas, K. M., et al. (2012). Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change. Health Policy Plan , 27 (4), 54-61.