Administration In Healthcare Services

Administration in Healthcare Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administration in Healthcare Services

The students of healthcare are expected to work on many assignments and projects related to the said field and the throw light on the multiple aspects of the said area. They need to work and give an explanation on the various phenomenon surrounding healthcare. (Carvalho, Rocha, & Abreu, 2016). Recently, we were given a project, to imagine ourselves in the shoes of a healthcare administrator, who is managing a healthcare facility or unit. This facility or unit can be a small clinic or a bug hospital. \The assignment consisted of providing the complete details of how to manage and run a healthcare facility, along with managing the staff and the resistance to change.

At the first step, we were expected to design an outline or a draft, for the purpose of elaborating the duties of a healthcare manager and how he works in a healthcare facility. I checked the draft, that had been created by one of my very good fellows. He started off by giving information about the roles and duties of an administrator, especially in the area of healthcare, in the introductory paragraph (Dahnke, M. D. (2013). He then further moved on to discussing a corrective action plan in the body of the paper. The first paragraph of the paper consisted of the information that what exactly a correction plan is. Moving further, the outline gave an idea that how a correction plan would b designed specifically for a healthcare facility. The body paragraph also contained a list of the individuals who would be held accountable for the results, in the form of an organizational chart., along with a sample measurable chart. In my opinion, it was a complete and elaborated outline, that discussed almost each and every aspect of the healthcare facility, with additional information like how to handle resistance in change and organizational charts.

References

Carvalho, J. V., Rocha, Á., & Abreu, A. (2016). Maturity models of healthcare information systems and technologies: a literature review. Journal of medical systems, 40(6), 131.

Dahnke, M. D. (2013). Ethics and the image of the healthcare administrator in popular culture. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 6(3), 177-183.

World Health Organization. Management of Substance Abuse Unit. (2014). Global status report on alcohol and health, 2014. World Health Organization.

Administration In Healthcare Services

Administration in Healthcare Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administration in Healthcare Services

Absenteeism is a major issue faced by many employers in the current working scenarios. Many employers that the employees working under their supervision either remain absent from the work without a reason or show up late. This kind of casual and non-professional behavior not only affects their own performance and quality of work but also leaves a negative impression on the minds of the other employees as well (Kocakulah, Kelley, Mitchell, & Ruggieri, 2016). Such a kind of careless behavior from the side of a single employee encourages to other employees in the team or the organization to also adopt such behavior and if corrective action is not taken by the management at an appropriate time, the problem may elevate to an uncontrollable level.

Such a situation aroused with me when I was working as a healthcare care department manager in a hospital. The attendance policy at my organization had very strict rules and regulations regarding attendance and if an employee was late for the work more than 5 times in a month, the manager was bound to take corrective action against them. I was leading a team of 10 people and one of the employees in my team was showing a very casual attitude regarding his attendance. He had been late for work for 10 days in a month and I was quite worried that his this behavior will urge the others to show such a casual behavior as well.

Bing a manager, it was my responsibility to take care of this matter and take corrective action so that the employee may not repeat his behavior. Watching his attendance record, I conducted a meeting with him immediately and informed him that his careless behavior could lead to dangerous consequences for him. Moreover, a written warning in the form of e-mail or letter can also be issued in this case (Leon-Perez, Notelaers, & Leon-Rubio, 2016). In the meeting, I also tried to counsel him by asking him if he was having some personal issues and the organization could help with this really encouraged him and he told openly about his domestic issues.

References

Kocakulah, M. C., Kelley, A. G., Mitchell, K. M., & Ruggieri, M. P. (2016). Absenteeism problems and costs: causes, effects, and cures. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 15(3), 89.

Leon-Perez, J. M., Notelaers, G., & Leon-Rubio, J. M. (2016). Assessing the effectiveness of conflict management training in a health sector organization: evidence from subjective and objective indicators. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(1), 1-12.

Administration In Healthcare Services

Administration in Healthcare Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administration in Healthcare Services

Management is an important process that is used to control and regulate various aspects of business or any organization in order to smoothly run the operations of the business (Drucker, 2012). Management consists of five basic functions that streamline the process and makes it workable. These functions are planning, organizing, staffing, controlling and leading. The process gains much traction in the area of healthcare and management where special care has to be taken as it is literally a matter of life and death (Ginter, Duncan, & Swayne, 2018).

Planning is one of the most important and vital functions of the management process. It would not be wrong to state that planning is the most fundamental or basic pillar of the whole procedure. Controlling is one of the other basic functions of the management process but it relies entirely upon the planning phase, which constitutes the basic similarity between both the functions. Planning refers to deciding goals and objectives for both the long or short terms and then developing strategies as well, on how to achieve those goals. In contrast to this, controlling means to keep a check and balance that whether those strategies are being followed in a right manner. If not, the manager needs to take appropriate measures in order to bring the process again on track, which is not a part of the planning process.

Although all the managers participate in the management process as a whole, there are certain functions that are performed at specific levels. For example, the planning phase is mostly conducted by at the top level management. The goals and objectives are decided by the CEOs and directors, whereas the lower level managers and supervisors are mostly responsible for controlling. They make sure that all the policies, rules and regulations are being followed in the right way and organizational objectives are being met in time.

References

Drucker, P. (2012). Management. Routledge.

Ginter, P. M., Duncan, W. J., & Swayne, L. E. (2018). The strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley & Sons.

Administration In Healthcare Services

Administration in Healthcare Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administration in Healthcare Services

Introduction

Healthcare management is a very sensitive job. The risk factors involved in this field are much higher as compared to any other field due to the inclusion of human life. The healthcare sector involves playing with the human lives (literally) as it aims to manage, maintain, protect and improve human health at any cost. Hence the manager of a healthcare facility has to be very vigilant while making any decisions, whether small or big (Robbins, Bradley, Spicer, & Mecklenburg, 2001). A manager, no matter he is managing a big healthcare facility or small, needs to manage the affairs of the facility very smartly (Nat Natarajan, 2006). These matters may be purely related to the staff or to the health of any specific patient. The following details entail the practices that a manager should adopt while managing a healthcare facility; what kind of corrective action he or she should take, what organization hierarchy would be followed and what type of facility it would be.

Discussion

The management of a healthcare facility involves different tasks which mainly revolve around the smart planning and then implementation of these plans. These responsibilities making a correction plan and then taking action over that plan in addition to planning a change in the organization and overcoming the resistance over that change.

Corrective Action Plan

A corrective action plan is a plan or a road map that is designed to bring improvement in the attitude and behavior of an employee. This plan is used when all the other methods, like counseling and verbal warnings, have been used and nothing has worked. A corrective action plan is a next step to all these methods. A corrective action plan, in the case of a healthcare organization, for an employee, comprises of various actions and steps that would prove to be beneficial for the healthcare facility and the employee as well. A sensitive aspect in the case of healthcare is kept in mind that this corrective action is taken without disturbing the balance of the organization, especially the services being provided to the patients.

Handling Resistance to Change

Change is the only constant thing. You cannot resist change at any cost. Change is the sign of prosperity and progress and guarantees moving forward. The business scenario of the whole world is undergoing a great amount of change every moment. At one moment many companies are earning great profits in the market, the other moment, the same organizations are bankrupt. A similar case can be seen in the area of healthcare. Healthcare industry is also undergoing a number of changes in the current times, especially with the advent in technology. There is much new equipment that is being introduced in the healthcare industry which is greatly changing the environment of the industry, thus, its I necessary for the manager to keep an outlook for the new technologies and then cater the resistance that is arising due to these changes (Rajalakshmi, Mohan, & Babu, 2011).

Organization Charts

Organizational plans or charts are the diagrams that exhibit the hierarchy of a company. These charts can also be known as the blue prints that can help the employees to understand the chain of command in an organization.

Mission and Value Statements

The mission and vision statement of an organization depict the goals and objectives of an organization. Any company or organization, working in any area, has a distinct vision and vision statement, which lets its customers and stakeholders get a knowledge about its objectives and the reason of its presence in market. A vision statement is also known as values statement

Type of Healthcare Facility

This healthcare facility will be a fully functional hospital equipped with all the latest facilities.

Locations

In the initial stages, the healthcare facility or the hospital will be started at two rural locations in Houston. The decision for initiating the project from rural locations is due to the fact that the people from the rural area, who cannot travel to cities to avail better healthcare services, can get state of the art services at their doorstep.

Propriety Facility

This healthcare facility will work both as a profit-earning and non-profit healthcare organization. Those patients that can afford to pay for the medical facilities will have to pay and the poor patients who cannot afford the healthcare facilities, will not have to pay a single cent.

Inpatient/ Outpatient Requirements

This healthcare facility will provide both the facilities of inpatient and outpatient to its patients. The patients who require admitting and longer care will be admitted to the hospital. These patients will be provided a bed in the ward (or a separate room) depending upon the need and demand of the patient and will be kept on the overnight basis if required.

Staff

The staff of this healthcare facility will consist of all the kinds of doctors and specialists including general physicians, physiotherapists, psychotherapists, psychologists, oncologists, endocrinologists, dentists, gynecologists and many more. The staff will also consist of trained nurses, ward boys, and professional cleaners.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, it can be seen how tough managing a healthcare facility can be. A manager has to take care of a number of factors, including the location, the staff, the equipment in the hospital, etc. while keeping the safety, security, and health of the patients on the top priority. A manager should keep an outlook for the resistance in change and strive to keep its employees motivated. In addition to this, he or she should decide the mission and values of the organization and keep sticking to those values, with making the staff do so as well.

References

Nat Natarajan, R. (2006). Transferring best practices to healthcare: opportunities and challenges. The TQM Magazine, 18(6), 572-582.

Rajalakshmi, K., Mohan, S. C., & Babu, S. D. (2011). Decision support system in healthcare industry. International Journal of computer applications, 26(9), 42-44.

Robbins, C. J., Bradley, E. H., Spicer, M., & Mecklenburg, G. A. (2001). Developing leadership in healthcare administration: A competency assessment tool/Practitioner application. Journal of Healthcare Management, 46(3), 188.

Administration In Healthcare Services

Administration in Healthcare Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administration in Healthcare Services

Communication is one of the major and basic requirements to interact with any one, especially in the professional field. Communication refers to imparting and exchanging information by speaking, writing, through expressions or through any other means.

Although the field of communication is very vast and it can be divided into multiple categories, there are six major types of communication that define the whole loop of communication (McQuail, & Windahl, 2015). These types are

Verbal Communication

Non-verbal Communication

Written Communication

Formal Communication

Informal Communication

Visual Communication

There are multiple hindrances or barriers that can come in the way of effective communication and affect the quality of the process of communication (Lunenburg, 2010). Although these barriers are also of numerous kinds they can broadly be divided into seven major types, which have been mentioned as under:

Cultural Barriers

Physical Barriers

Emotional Barriers

Language Barriers

Perceptual Barriers

Gender-Based Barriers

Interpersonal Barriers

Withdrawal Barriers

However, the most damaging hindrance in the way of the effective communication process, especially in the field of healthcare is the language barrier or the cultural barrier.

Communication is also a very important tool in building the trust of employees in an organization. It gives a sense of empowerment to the employees and they feel that their opinion has value. As the world of science and technology is making progress every passing minute, the areas of communication have also gone through some significant developments. One of these developments in electronic communication, which includes exchanging information through electronic means like e-mail, SMS. Phone, fax, video conferencing, chat rooms, etc. (Fulk, & DeSanctis, 1995). The emergence of electronic communication has brought significant changes in the various areas especially in the sector of business and healthcare. It has come as a blessing and made the communication process much faster and easier.

References

Fulk, J., & DeSanctis, G. (1995). Electronic communication and changing organizational forms. Organization Science, 6(4), 337-349.

Lunenburg, F. C. (2010). Communication: The process, barriers, and improving effectiveness. Schooling, 1(1), 1-10.

McQuail, D., & Windahl, S. (2015). Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge.

Administrative Justice

Administrative Justice

Justin Taylor

LAMC Administration of Justice 5

Abstract

In the contemporary era, technological advancement has advanced to assist criminal investigation thoroughly. A person may think of committing heinous criminal action as rape, murder, hit and run, burglary and a variety of other crimes, but what if one was asked what they think of when they hear criminal investigation involving technology. It is worthwhile considering how technology can be used as a tool for criminals and an assistant to the police during the investigation. Meanwhile, it is also essential to deliberate the pros of police having access to technology in an investigation. Technology such as body cameras may be able to improve and support the criminal justice system in true letter and spirits.

Administrative Justice

Introduction

The Los Angeles Police Department has submitted its proposed procedures for the use and deployment of body worn video (BWV) by uniformed police officers to the Board of Police Commissioners for its consideration. The proposed order required officers to record all investigative and law enforcement contacts with citizens in public, and contains provisions to maintain the integrity of criminal and administrative investigations. In addition, the proposed order protects the privacy rights and civil liberties of the community and Department personnel while enabling officers to collect reliable evidence for use in criminal prosecutions, use of force and citizen complaint investigations, and other reviews and examinations. Police brutality dates back a long and continues to be a problem today. While there are endless reports of police brutality, many people question how much of it is actually a case of brutality and are alleged cases of brutality. In the contemporary era, technology has dominated the paradigm of police work and is commonly used with the city police.

Discussion

On May 7, 2019, San Diego Police had apprehended a suspect by the name of Tranell Cannon, who was 20 years old, on many charges some of which are having a firearm and robbery. In the video on CBS 8, officers pull up behind what seems to be a white car and rush towards the car in an effort to apprehend the suspect who was sitting on the passenger side of the vehicle; when all of a sudden the suspect ran out of the car and allegedly tackled the officer who was going to apprehend him. Afterwards, the suspect was supposedly wrestling with the officer upon the instance when a few more officers surfaced and rushed to assist the officer who was being assaulted to apprehend the suspect. All the gathered police officers advanced to beat up that man collectively CITATION CBS19 \l 1033 (Team, 2019).

However, there are two sides to every story in the video as the Chief David Nisleit justifies his subordinates’ actions, but perhaps it is necessary to ponder on the suspect’s story. The suspect was obviously going to get in trouble and get arrested sooner or later, and the officers had the right idea apprehending the suspect. Regardless of the situation, it appears easy for a person to apprehend that the brutal manner wherein the police officers were beating the man was irrational, unacceptable and radical. Because of the usage of body cameras, the way police act is more professional (87.5 percent) and the officer can get a clear picture of the state of affairs. Meanwhile, it is essential to underpin the body camera cannot offer an explicit picture of the vision of the officer in certain circumstances. In essence, the body camera is used as a potential tool to assist in picking up a certain detail that the officer may have forgotten when writing a report. "Police reports, especially in complex situations, can be hard for juries to interpret or visualize. Video evidence removes a lot of that uncertainty”  CITATION Wil16 \l 1033 (Erstad, 2016).

One might infer that the police body cameras are for police but a thorough analysis of the situation infers these cameras can also assist citizens. For instance, police officers are bound to act in a just and professional manner because the body cameras are recording the feed. In the absence of body cameras, a police offer may write fallacious instances in the report and remain unchecked. The police officer cannot forge arguments after an unlawful or an unethical act once body camera are deployed as they record the vision of the officers. The police officer can be charged as per the provision of law in case he advances to change the facts than those recorded in the camera. An explicit illustration of the matter exists. In Balch Springs, Texas a police officer recently shot and killed 15-year-old Jordan Edwards as the teenager’s car was driving away. While writing the report and informing the higher authorities, the police officer had sketched a contradicting statement than that observed in the body camera. The body cameras proved productive to surface the truth and the officer was fired and charged on the account of murder CITATION May17 \l 1033 (Wiley, 2017).

Conclusion

Body worn cameras help officers if an officer forgets an important detail. They potentially supplement the nature of the police attitude and assist them to keep it professional and courteous. Although the body camera cannot record everything that the officer sees; the body camera has deemed itself a great tool to help officers’ combat crime as well as demote or discipline any officer who steps out of line and hurts a suspect out of uncontrolled emotions. Thus, the body-worn camera supports civilians by recording the officers’ actions. The deliberated instances and argument offer empirical evidence that in a time of police brutality wherein an officer is put under investigation because of such actions, the video from the camera can serve as the video help dispense the civilian proper justice and vice versa.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Erstad, W. (2016, January 25). Police Perspectives: The Pros and Cons of Police Body Cameras. Retrieved May 14, 2019, from Rasmussen College: https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/justice-studies/blog/pros-and-cons-of-police-body-cameras/

Team, C. N. (2019, May 8). CBS8. Retrieved May 16, 2019, from CBS8: htttps://www.cbs8.com/article/news//local/san-diego-police-respond-to-allegations-of-police-brutality-caught-on-tape/509-36011d93-4d95-97f8-cd7cc14af178

Wiley, M. (2017, May 9). Time. Retrieved May 17, 2019, from Time: time.com/4771417/jiordan-edwards-body-cameras-police/

Administrator Challenges Paper

Administrator Challenges Paper

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administrator Challenges Paper

Major issues in the Police department

Police is an integral part of criminal justice administration and the front runner in controlling and administering criminal activities (Cordner, 2016). That is why this department has to face most of the challenges concerning criminal administration. Some of the serious present-day challenges the Police department faces are responding to an active shooter, crowd control, digital forensics, media, trainings, officer wellness, operations, technology, PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), recruitment & retention, school safety, use of force and police brutality.

Responding to an active shooter

The threat of active shooting is on the rise, especially in the United States. Violent extremism is not expected to stop but might increase, which is a major concern for Police. Police can expect such violent activities and politically motivated acts, and they are supposed to be prepared. Police officers are required to act without reluctance when they find themselves in a situation where there is an active shooter on the go (Blair, 2016). Many times police are praised for its quick response to the danger of active shooter without regard for their safety, but there are cases when the police are criticised for not responding swiftly to save someone's life.

Recruitment & retention

Employing the right candidates is critical in the police department. Recruiters have to look for applicants who exhibit effective communication skills, integrity, compassion and a spirit for community service. Also, the department has to create an atmosphere where such qualities are appreciated and rewarded.

School safety

School safety is another serious issue for educators and law enforcement. Putting police in educational institutions only to halt school shootings is likely to fail; likewise, putting police only to resolve a gang issue, the idea is likely to fail. Achieving that objective requires valuable intelligence that is why a community-based policing approach has to be used when putting police in schools.

Crowd control

Civil unrest can happen any day, any place and in any region. Currently, many regions in the world are experiencing civil unrest, and it is expected to continue and be a challenge for law enforcement. Many agencies do not provide good enough crowd control training which might lead to big problems. Crowd control is a very challenging and stressful activity for Police.

Digital forensics

The increasing dependence on digital proof in both conventional criminal and cybercrime examinations will require Police departments to address the following surge virtual evidence that must be well-preserved. Police departments need to work extensively on digital evidence database which is likely to be a financial burden and logistical challenge as well.

Officer wellness

Anxiety disorders, clinical depression, physical damages and suicide in police officers have always been an issue and are expected to remain an issue. The state and police department needs to seek out ways that can positively affect the officer's health and help them avoid these problems.

Operations

It is expected that there will be a global recession and Police will feel its effect in the current and upcoming years. This will be worsened by the additional challenges of climate change on such as an increase in floods, fires and deficiency of water.

Technology

The acceleration and expansion of disorderly technologies such as biometrics, AI (Artificial Intelligence), and drones in policing might very well overtake specialist understanding of their policies and legislation and the development consequences which can lead to greater tensions in public and police relations.

Media

Media is another challenging factor for Police nowadays. Media and reporters are always into finding stories and mostly show a one-sided story that can be damaging for Police repute as well. Police departments should also consider hiring news reporters or people with communications credentials to avoid any misunderstandings and damage to Police reputation. Also, journalists or reporters know how to report and counter any misinformation.

Training

Training of police officers is always challenging, especially in the current scenario where civil unrest and crimes such as extremism and terrorism are on the rise. These issues have complicated police training and burdened the departments financially.

PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)

Post-traumatic stress disorders and career-ending damages are always a concern and a challenge in the Police department. Most of the officers are experiencing PTSD, and they find it very difficult to get rid of the issue. They look up to their department and state to help them recover.

Use of force

Using force in order to control public mass gatherings at demonstrations, political events and while dealing with the refugee convoy on the border or with the homeless camps with an emphasis on de-escalation will remain a high-profile concern (Fielding, 2017).

Police brutality

Police brutality which is causing serious damage to Police force credibility and reputation is another challenge.

Satisfaction in the Police department

Satisfaction is dependent on numerous variables, personal, internal and external. Some jobs entail more satisfaction while others are less. Those jobs have more satisfaction to it also are more demanding and stressful. For instance, criminal justice administration or police job is extremely demanding and stressful, but when performed well it gives more satisfaction as well. It takes an exceptional candidate for police job to thrive in. One has to be skilful at dealing with pressure, keeping calm in possibly precarious conditions, endure shift work and deal with composure with violent individuals. Police officers who perform their duties feel more satisfied as they help the community, save lives, regain or guarantee peace and do other social works.

Many types of research have tried to investigate job satisfaction among Police Department officers. Studies have shown that those officers whose motivation was to serve humanity were satisfied with their job even after many years of service. However, female officers are said to be more satisfied with their duties than male officers (Brough, Frame, 2004). Satisfaction also is dependent on supervisors, colleagues, salaries etc. Police managers and the officer who are compensated justly and given promotions by their employers tend to be more contented than those who have not received such treatments. Other elements that positively influence job satisfaction among police officers includes in the variety of tasks that they have to perform, the impact and significance of their work, and reception of positive feedback. Those officers who become excessively involved with their duties tend to become emotionally drained; thus it is essential for satisfaction and physical and mental health of the officers to keep a balance in their work.

This course has helped me extensively in acquiring a critical knowledge of law enforcement and criminal justice administration departments, their operations and procedures. I have learned a lot from the course about different departments of law enforcement and their activities, job roles, issues and their importance etc. The course has provided me with the necessary knowledge and competence and prepared me well for further studies. I feel competent and confident enough to take on the next chapter of the course and perform even better.

References

Blair, J. P., Nichols, T., Burns, D., & Curnutt, J. R. (2016). Active shooter events and response. CRC Press.

Brough, P., & Frame, R. (2004). Predicting police job satisfaction and turnover intentions: The role of social support and police organisational variables. New Zealand journal of psychology, 33(1), 8-18.

Cordner, G. W. (2016). Police administration. Routledge.

Fielding, N. (2017). The police and social conflict. Routledge-Cavendish.

Admission Essay

Admission Essay

Name (First M_Last)

Institution Name

Admission Essay

It is my confession that I am not among those students who shine out bright with the stars of grade A on their shoulders. But I am a fighter, hard worker and survivor. For that, I respect myself a lot. That is why I believe I deserve to get admission in a college with a good reputation like yours. Moreover, I want you to acknowledge that I am an African, I got my earlier education from Africa. My family moved to America to live a life with better opportunities. My family considers America a life-changing country which benefits its public with innumerable advantages. Our lives changed literally when we moved here. I have been struggling a lot in speaking and learning English since I got my admission in American institutes. Although, I have learned much but because of the language barrier and less grip on the English language I achieved low grades.

Behind the curtain, I was getting tuitions and I kept learning day and night to get a good grip in English. Through hard work, I learned much and improved my spoken and written skills of English. Moreover, another reason for my low GPA was that my grandfather died just before my final exams so I couldn’t finish my spring semester as I would have. I was very close to him. He was my hero all my life and a role model. When he died we had 4to go back to Africa for a few weeks. When I came back, my tempo was broken and I was extremely depressed. I had guilt that I wasn’t there in his last moments. We both had a strong bond with each other. To me, it was like I have lost a part of myself. It was a very critical time but I put myself together. I motivated myself to fight back with my depression, anxiety and all the academic complications. Many times I got hit by the thunder of negativities that I will simply fail in my examination but I fought back with all of that. When my result came out I successfully passed each subject. It meant much to me and I was happy.

Even though I have low grades, I feel no shame at all because I know I have not stood out according to the standards of the particular institution. But at least I got passed, and for me, it is a milestone to achieve. I am a good learner, a hard worker and I know that for sure I will do something big and benefitting for the world I live in. I am passionate about helping others and I believe I can do that well if I focus on my education and learning. Because without education a person has no light in him/her through which he/she can ward off darkness from others life.

If I am given a chance to get an education from your institution, I will be all that you see in a valuable student. I aspire to do greater things in life. I will be the inspiration for others in my family which resides in Africa. No one gives much importance in learning and getting an education there. I believe it will show them a way to improve their lives as well and do more than just surviving life. My most favorite thing about American society is that it breaks unfair stereotypes and do not judge a book by its cover. I am humbly requesting you to give me admission in your college it will not only change my life but others as well. Hope to hear from you soon.

References

Admission Essay

Admission Essay

The complexity of a human mind has always intrigued me. Due to which I have always been passionate about learning more about the subconscious mind. It fascinates me every time I read the books that showed what the human mind is capable of. As I progressed my research in the sub-conscious mind, I noticed two things. One was the human mind has lots of similarities with the actual computer software. Secondly, my understanding broadened much more when I learned the connection between our body and our subconscious mind. After studying several books I also came to know about how our body itself gets addicted to the chemical rush (adrenaline/cortisol). Also, how it then influences our mind to fire and wire the same circuits to whip up those same chemicals that satisfied body addiction. Furthermore, I came to know about how we humans not only fire certain sets of synaptic connections daily that contribute to our personality, emotional reaction, destructive and constructive habits but most importantly to me the limitations that we justify from the same level of mind. Now that I have this knowledge, I can see past the habitual programs that are embedded in me and follow what I truly desire. After all, having new knowledge means having synaptic connections which you can then use for your benefits. My main goal is to understand how the human mind and body works. This will further facilitate me to investigate what more I can do with the knowledge I have that can contribute to the good of people. To further strengthen my knowledge I delved into more books that covered the topics of habit development, epigenetics, neurology, and neurochemistry. I observed how all these are interlinked with each other and how they are influenced by our thought patterns, external environment, family history, and most of all our Sub-conscious mind. I realized that numerous tasks from basics to very complex functions the same way as our human brain. For instance, our sub-conscious mind stores, not just our memories, but everything that is processed by our five senses daily much like a computer’s hard drive that can store all important information to run the computer. Computer software can run multiple times to perform certain tasks e.g. calculator performs calculation, administration software enables staff to store students/customer information in a certain manner that can be retrieved when desired. Likewise, our brain also works as computer software. A part of the brain known as the Cerebellum and Autonomous nervous system run automatic programs that not just include daily tasks such as driving, playing sport, and using our phone but also performs the vital body functions. For instance, breathing, digestion, repairing & growing our cells, making proteins that are necessary for our survival al at the same time. This facilitates us a lot as we do not have to worry about how to breathe, digest while we are talking or driving. Multi-threading is a term widely is used in Computer Science in which computer software creates multiple threads and those threads run in parallel to perform certain tasks at the same time. In contrast, while I compare the human mind with a term multi-threading, it is beyond intriguing for me to understand how many threads our sub-conscious mind runs daily to help us not just survive but thrive if we are willing to apply ourselves.

Despite being fascinated by the human mind and longing to pursue a degree related to this field it seemed next to impossible for me to pursue medicine. This is because I come from a family of engineers, so it was a lot easier for me to follow the same path. Of course, I now understand that the reason for pursuing the health profession seemed impossible was because of neurocircuitry that I had, which was influenced my family history that not only supported the idea of doing engineering but also conflicted with the idea of me pursuing Medical Profession. Therefore in some sense, I was neuro-chemically programmed to be an engineer much like most of the population in the world that are also just going with the flow. However, soon I realized that engineering is not suitable for me as my brain is not interested in calculations and mathematics rather than it is more interested in learning how a person can perform all these calculations. After doing multiple research on the working of a brain I am interested in Neurology and Epigenetic. Epigenetic states that genes do not create disease, yet it is a signal that causes genes to dysregulate. When an organism is repeatedly exposed to the harmful signal, it tends to break down and the result is the disease. That harmful signal could be due to the stimuli in the external environment that causes a certain set of neural networks to fire starting a habit loop or it could be an internal thought pattern from a traumatic event. In any case when an individual’s brain creates the survival chemical Adrenaline/Cortisol in excess the body has very little resource left for repair and growth and therefore the disease is created. My goal is to specialize in Neurology to understand how brain functions, what causes the brain to release certain chemicals and then study epigenetics to understand how a change in the neurochemistry of an individual can benefit one in their diseases. The main reason for applying for this program is because it provides students the opportunity to not just complete the prerequisites classes that are mandatory for Medical School but also to exploit other services at their disposal to be well equipped for the journey ahead in Medical Profession. I am personally interested in this program because I believe I will have numerous opportunities to discuss my academic progress with advisors and take advice from them about courses, MCAT preparation, and any proactive approach. Also, I could take every step of the way to ensure that I am on the right path for the MCAT and medical school. Additionally, I am very interested in the opportunity to excel in my academic progress and exploit the Fast Track Option as well as have a Committee statement made for my Medical School.

Admission Essay

One thing that I have always known I would love to do with my life is to make a difference in others. I intend to pursue masters in social work because I want to help people. This is the only way that will help me to essentially achieve my goals of making others life easier, and this is the most critical factor of career to me. By qualifying as a social worker, I will surely become a supportive member of society. I am Rebeca St. Louis, and I belong to a religious family. As my father was lead pastor of a predominantly Haitian church, hence, whilst growing up, I got awareness of social work. I got the opportunity to work with many individuals and families that experienced various mental, emotional, physical and psychological problems. I gained more insight into social work during my time in the BSW program. Social work is a profession designated to assist those who are in need.

When I was 16, I experienced some tragedies, which lead to mental, emotional and psychological difficulties. At this time, young women at my church came to me seeking solace in their time of life's stressors. At a young age, I did not know what to do or how to handle them I only knew how to listen. The BSW program taught me how the simplicity of finding a solution to a problem using relevant, evidence-based practices and practice informed research for people who are in need. My learning in the BSW program gave me comprehension of the hierarchy of social needs and equipped me with the values of social work such as service, integrity, human relationships, and human worth. I emrace the fact that a social worker must elevate himself above personal gain or self-interest. I also appreciate the importance of human relationships in healing and worth of humans. Moreover, I have volunteered for nonprofit organizations such as Future Generation International Missions (FGIM). Volunteering gave me a practical experience of social work and dealing with those in need. It also enhanced my enthusiasm for this field.

Not only this, I have worked in the field of health care for more than nine years. I have provided patient care at Baycare and Florida Hospital. I have earned real-life experience of what I will be facing. My nature and personality also align with the requirement of a social worker. I am blessed with a kind, nurturing and caring nature, and my value system also includes respectfulness and honesty.

The only thing I find difficult is to manage my effectively, but I am very dedicated to making most of it when the task is of my choice. Sometimes, I become being too critical of myself but over and above all I love pleasing others and making them smile. I want to spread love and happiness, and this is the ultimate goal of perusing masters in social work. I hope my skills, strengths, experience, and knowledge in social care would relish the chance to advance knowledge and become a dedicated member of society.

Admission Essay

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

Biomedical Engineering

[Date]

Admission Essay

It is a dream come true for any student to study at any university in the US. This sentence is further consolidated by the fact that more than 130 US universities are ranked within the top 500 universities globally. However, making it to the US is considered an arduous struggle, given the financial and economic constraints one might face. Struggle is what brings the best out of an individual. At my 18th birthday, I convinced my parents to allow me to move to the US to pursue my education. I am grateful to my parents for their unwavering emotional and financial support in the realization of my dream. I am vying to get accepted at the University of Florida in the field of Biomedical Engineering. Biomedical Engineering has fascinated me ever since a group of representatives from the Institute of Biomedical Engineering of Albania described their jobs and responsibilities at a seminar at my high school. Since then, the passion to opt for a career in the Biomedical Engineering has only surged. Graduates of Biomedical Engineering on completion of their degrees from the University of Florida excel in the industry by employing skills and knowledge acquired over the span of the degree (Iyer & Sriram, 2015). Career prospects are promising once a Biomedical Engineer enters the market. The University of Florida has standards and practices in place that serve as the blueprint for engineering universities all over the world. The skills an individual acquire during include employing robots for rehabilitation purposes, developing sophisticated physical prosthetics, monitoring brain activity to study human motion, enabling severely impaired individuals to convey their emotions using brain computers (Iyer & Sriram, 2015). These skills would enable me to opt for a career in any of the following fields; bio instrumentation, biomaterials, biomechanics, clinical engineering, and rehabilitation engineering (Iyer & Sriram, 2015).

Since I have quite a bit of experience in the field that I am looking to opt, I would certainly excel in any challenging role put in front of me. Recently, I completed an internship in the Clinical Engineering Department at the National Technical Centre for Bioengineering. Working in the capacity of an intern provided me with insight knowledge regarding the standards and practices of the Clinical Engineering Department. Along with gaining hands-on experience as an intern, I was tasked to assist relationship managers in their everyday responsibilities. By assisting relationship managers, I was able to play a significant part in the efficient working of the department. Furthermore, I was assigned to instruct engineers regarding any problems in the hospitals. This internship helped to think and analyze critically more than ever.

Additionally, I worked as a customer service staff at the Publix supermarket in Gainesville, Florida. Being deployed as cashier, the role demanded to lead from the front. Moreover, I further enhanced my communication skill. Furthermore, I have served as a Chemistry Lab Assistant at Santa Fe Community College as well. In this role, I was tasked with setting up lab equipment for chemistry class of various grades. Additionally, I helped students understanding the working of lab equipment. I ensured that the lab remained cleaned and organized at all the times under my supervision. Moreover, I have worked as a teaching assistant at Santa Fe Community College. Apart from teaching the students, I graded the papers and projects for different senior professors.

Furthermore, I have served as a volunteer in different organizations and communities. I voluntarily worked for a summer camp and a library in Albania. I have also contributed as a volunteer at Gainesville High School. Working as a volunteer gives me a sense of pride. This is because I am able to deliver something back to the community that has given me so much.

All this experience, knowledge, and skills acquired over time would help me to fare well in the Biomedical Engineering degree.

Works Cited

Iyer, L. R., & Sriram, S. (2015). The right track for you in biotech and biomedical sciences. Nature biotechnology, 33(10), 1110.

Admission Letter

Admission Letter

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

Admission Letter

I, Shireen Jackson mother of Khemellar Peters, would like to request you for the admission of my daughter in your school. I want to change the school of my daughter, as Donald M. Payne is one of the best in New Jersey; therefore, I had no second thoughts about any other school. It is my priority to provide my daughter with a high-quality education. It's my dream that my daughter gets admission to a prestigious and reputable school. My daughter works extremely hard to get good grades. Donald M. Payne Sr. School of Technology is one of the leading schools in New Jersey.

Higher education which is basically a tertiary education leads to the award of an academic degree. To pursue an education in a renowned school like Donald M. Payne will guarantee the bright future of my daughter. I am sure that this school will facilitate my daughter to build a career. My daughter is very ambitious, and I think it's my responsibility to give her quality education and that's why I have chosen this school as I know it will facilitate my daughter in building knowledge and will open doors of opportunities for her that will help her to accomplish her goals. Due to it’s internationally and nationally recognized faculty, it is one of the top schools in New Jersey. The strong and diverse alumina network offers an excellent opportunity to connect with brilliant students around the world.

Donald M. Payne has always been one of the most reputable schools in New Jersey for many years. The students of this school will always be role models for their successors, and their achievements have always spoken for the school itself ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><RecNum>208</RecNum><DisplayText>(&quot;Donald M. Payne Sr. School Of Technology,&quot;)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>208</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1572856401">208</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Map">20</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Donald M. Payne Sr. School Of Technology</title></titles><dates></dates><pub-location> New Jersey</pub-location><call-num>+1 973-412-2203</call-num><urls></urls><custom2>School in Newark</custom2></record></Cite></EndNote>("Donald M. Payne Sr. School Of Technology,"). Donald M. Payne Sr. School of Technology supports the diversity that will help my daughter to educate herself both culturally and academically. Its extensive appealing campus and student clubs with extracurricular activities are great, and I am always in favor of healthy competitions as it is important for student's mental and physical health.

In my opinion, education is incomplete without extracurricular activities. School realizes the importance of sports and arranges sports competitions which provide a competitive environment in which students can learn, respect and cooperate with other students. This school will be proved best for my daughter as since childhood she has been an active participant in many exhibitions and science programs. Other than good grades in academic, she has also participated in many sports. I want my daughter to join your sports club as it will help in strengthen her leadership abilities. Khemellar Peters is of very caring and supportive nature. She always supports her peers, and due to her caring personality, she works well in a team setting, and she always respects the opinion of other people. I have few friends at the Donald M. Payne School, who all speak well of your school and learning experience. They always told me that staff at your school is highly cooperative and well qualified who motivate their student so that they can excel in their respective fields.

In conclusion, Khemellar Peters is an ambitious, motivated, dedicated and hardworking girl who is always keen to learn. I am sure that my daughter is going to do great and creative things in the future. To develop Khemellar talent is solely my responsibility, I would be grateful if you assist in approving her admission to your school. All required documents are enclosed. I hope a favorable response from your side. If you want to make an appointment or have any question, you can freely contact me.

Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you for considering my request letter.

References

ADDIN EN.REFLIST Donald M. Payne Sr. School of Technology, https://www.facebook.com/pages/Donald-M-Payne-Sr-School-of-Technology/173554543355600. Accessed 2 Nov.2019.

Admission To Honors College

Admission to Honors College

Shivanna

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Admission to Honors College

Honors College instills among students exceptional educational abilities, which help them to achieve their ambitions. In academics, Honors College is known for providing enriched learning opportunities to students. Since professional education has grown to include practical applicability of the subject areas, therefore, the roles of Honor Colleges have expanded as well. These colleges offer courses that expand the learning horizon of students as well. Honor Colleges arrange discussion forums and offer opportunities to scholars from different areas of expertise, which provide learning prospects to students. Such functions of honor colleges have tailored them to meet the unique needs of today’s learning environment.

I want to join Honor College since I acknowledge the developing nature of education. Being a student, I understand that unless I am unable to grasp modern concepts, I will remain uninformed of the latest developments. This is why I have decided to enroll myself in Honors College. My subject area requires the practical manifestation of the concepts so Honors College can provide me with this opportunity, which I had been looking for since my later years in school. I have thoroughly analyzed the content of some advanced courses offered in Honor College, which conforms to the international standard and can help to boost my learning aptitude.

It can help me achieve my career goals as many programs offer full scholarships and museum memberships. Once I can secure a full scholarship, I will be relieved of the financial burden. The financial burden had been an impeding aspect throughout my academic life. Another aspect of Honor College is a competitive environment. I can learn many great things from my peers if I become part of this community. The fellow students in Honor Colleges have high ambitions, and this can help me as well to remold my career goals.

Adolescent /Teen Pregnancies

Teenage and Adolescent Pregnancy

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Teenage and Adolescent Pregnancy

Description of the Problem

Teenage pregnancy, which is also known as the adolescent pregnancy where the female gets pregnant and her age is lower than 20 years. Most of the times, the pregnancy occurs when there is sexual intercourse that is taking place after the start of the ovulation and it can occur before the first menstrual period. The most cases of such pregnancies are witnessed after the onset of the periods. When there is a case that the families are well nourished, then the first period of women takes place around the age of 12 and 13 years. There is considerable stigma associated with the teenage pregnancy as they do not have the life experience and the level of maturity that comes with that age. Not only that, there are additional concerns for the people who are under the age of 15. Consequently, the statistics do not include pregnancies that began at age 19, but that ended on or after the woman's 20th birthday. Similarly, statistics on the mother's marital status are determined by whether she is married at the end of the pregnancy, not at the time of conception.

Operational Definition of the Select Term

There are many issues that comes with the teen pregnancy and childbirth during the early stages of the life of an individual. For partners of any age, pregnancy can be a life changing experience and most of the times, in the case of teenage pregnancy, the level of commitment that is needed from the father is on the lower side. There are many risks such as the lower birth weight I MPW-103121hose case, the premature labour and pre-eclampsia that are connected with the biological age of the person. There are social issues as well such as lower level of education, lack of sustainable income source for people who are so young and whether the same level of commitment by the other partner.

Need Assessment Process

With the passage of time, teenage pregnancy has become a serious issue. Looking at the major statistics for 2015, it was revealed that how about 1000 children had 47 cases where pregnancy was witnessed among young women. The other major problem is that how the fared afterwards. Looking at the developed world, there are about 2.5 million females that are under the age of 16 and 19 and they have children each year. Not only that, out of those, about 3.9 million opt for abortion. At the global level, the prevalence of childbirth related complications is the leading cause of death among females who are aged between 15 to 19 years old. So, there is a need to make sure that the bit of a perspective is needed to be developed.

Description of the Effected Population

To have a better insight about how the effected population is located, one needs to look at the numbers. During the course of 2017 alone, there were about 200,000 babies that were born to the women who were aged between 15 to 19 years old. That makes it the birth rate of about 20 % in this age group and that has increased from previous years which means that the awareness is needed to be created when it comes to the way this whole issue is going to be looked after. There is more to it as well, it can be seen that there are certain demographics in which these cases are much more prevalent, such as the cases of teenage pregnancy are the highest among Hispanic and Mexican women. A holistic approach is required in order to address teenage pregnancy. This means not focusing on changing the behaviour of girls but addressing the underlying reasons of adolescent pregnancy such as poverty, gender inequality, social pressures and coercion. This approach should include "providing age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education for all young people, investing in girls' education, preventing child marriage, sexual violence and coercion, building gender-equitable societies by empowering girls and engaging men

Current Effective Intervention and Treatment

One of the things that is needed to be done is to make sure that bit of a proactive approach is developed in this regard. Children at all the levels are needed to be made aware about sexual education, how protection is supposed to be used, what is the underlying importance of protection and how can make sure that they exercise caution during sexual activity. Furthermore, they must be made aware about the issues such as consent and abstinence so that they are more aware about the repercussions of the choices that they are supposed to be making. One major problem area is that how the abortion is going to be looked at. There is great deal of controversy when it comes to the way abortion policies are needed to be defined and looked after.

Counsellor Role in the Intervention

It has to be noted that the counsellor is supposed to be playing an important role when it comes to making sure that how the interventions are supposed to be worked out. The idea at the broader level is to make sure that some sort of understanding and insight is developed among all the stakeholders in terms of how it is going to be made sure that the better awareness with regards to this issue is created. For instance, how the educational prowess and level of awareness of the people who are the part of the effected group are going to be looked after and what are some of the other dimensions that are needed to be looked at when determining the level of education.

Processes Needed to Evaluate the Success of the Program

One of the things that is needed to be kept in mind when one looks at the success of the assessment is that how the overall decline in such cases are going to be developed. The idea is to ensure that the effected population or the age group are needed to be made more aware about some of the issues in terms of how education of women is supposed to work and what are some of the other elements in terms of how success of the program is needed to be defined. The outcomes are going to be as followed.

Marked decline in the number of teenage pregnancies

Rehabilitation and help of the young women who have got pregnant, for instance providing education

Counselling for the young parents

Discussion of the Special Issues and Implication of Counsellors

One of the most important things that is needed to be kept in mind is that what are some of the ethical and societal issues. There is a need among all the counsellors is that they look at the problem with a more holistic point of view. Not only that, there is a need to ensure that not only there are strategies that are made for the better understanding of the plight of the women in terms of how all of the things are working out in the manner. Not only that, there is a sense of perspective about how more awareness and discussions are needed to be created about how abortion laws are supposed to work. Thus, there is lot of scope for future discussions on this issue of teenage pregnancies.

References

Coley, R. L., & Chase-Lansdale, P. L. (2017). Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood: Recent evidence and future directions. American Psychologist, 53(2), 152.

Hoffman, S. D. (2018). Kids having kids: Economic costs & social consequences of teen pregnancy. The Urban Insitute.

Jones, E. F., Forrest, J. D., Goldman, N., Henshaw, S. K., Lincoln, R., Rosoff, J. I., ... & Wulf, D. (2015). Teenage pregnancy in developed countries: determinants and policy implications. Family planning perspectives, 17(2), 53-63.

Kirby, D. (2016). No easy answers: research findings on programs to reduce teen pregnancy.

Klein, J. D. (2015). Adolescent pregnancy: current trends and issues. Pediatrics, 116(1), 281-286.

Miller, B. C., Benson, B., & Galbraith, K. A. (2016). Family relationships and adolescent pregnancy risk: A research synthesis. Developmental review, 21(1), 1-38.

Singh, S., & Darroch, J. E. (2018). Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing: levels and trends in developed countries. Family planning perspectives, 14-23.

Woodward, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (2019). Early conduct problems and later risk of teenage pregnancy in girls. Development and psychopathology, 11(1), 127-141.

Adult Health 1

Adult Health 1

Carla (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Vegetarian diets have gained a lot of popularity recently. Vegan diets are filled with nutrition and numerous health benefits. Vegetable contains a high amount of fiber, vitamin C and E, potassium and magnesium. Vegetables also consist of phytochemicals that are unsaturated. Vegan diets are associated with less saturated fats and more dietary fiber. Due to their numerous health benefits began diets are beneficial in reducing the number of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and two types of diabetes as well. Vegetarian enjoy a lower risk of many diseases, and according to WHO, FAO, vegetable are associated with reducing the risk of cancer in patients. Adventist Health Study shows that the vegetarians are at low risk of increased blood cholesterol than the non-vegetarians ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ae0ifqt5c9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Craig, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Craig, 2009)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1137,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/RK2E2BH5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/RK2E2BH5"],"itemData":{"id":1137,"type":"article-journal","title":"Health effects of vegan diets–","container-title":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","page":"1627S-1633S","volume":"89","issue":"5","author":[{"family":"Craig","given":"Winston J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Craig, 2009). A vegan diet is filled with a number of cancer-protective dietary features. Obesity is also linked with cancer, and the low mean BMI of vegetarians help them avoid the risk of cancer. They have a vegetarian diet results in more intake of legumes than the omnivores which are protection against cancer. Fruits and vegetable not only help to avoid the lung and mouth cancer but also stomach cancer.

In addition, regular consumption of legumes helps avoid stomach and prostate cancer. Allium vegetable provides protection against various forms of cancer. Garlic helps against colorectal cancer. Tomatoes save from prostate cancer. The phytochemicals in the vegetables interfere with several cellular processes that contribute towards the progress of cancer. These mechanisms involve inhibiting cell proliferation, inhibiting phase 1 enzymes, inhibiting phase 1 enzymes, inducing cell-cycle arrest and inhibiting angiogenesis. Red meat and processed meat is also linked with the increased risk of cancer ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a25ml9ohie7","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Craig, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Craig, 2009)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1137,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/RK2E2BH5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/RK2E2BH5"],"itemData":{"id":1137,"type":"article-journal","title":"Health effects of vegan diets–","container-title":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","page":"1627S-1633S","volume":"89","issue":"5","author":[{"family":"Craig","given":"Winston J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Craig, 2009). Those non-vegans who are in the highest quintile of red meat have a high risk of different types of cancers than those who are in low quintile of red meat. In addition, the use of eggs is also associated with pancreatic cancer. High consumption of isoflavone reduces the chances of breast cancer among females.

Vegans also consume soy beverages rather than dairy beverages, and it saves them from prostate cancer. The plant foods having chemopreventive factors has the re4serch data coming from cellular biochemical studies. Nurses play a very important role in taking care of the diet and nutrition's requirements of a patient. In all the stages of cancer, the oncology nurse is attributed with taking care of the nutritional requirements ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a24qjckj75k","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Barrera & Demark-Wahnefried, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Barrera & Demark-Wahnefried, 2009)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1138,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/YJ3S3SDZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/YJ3S3SDZ"],"itemData":{"id":1138,"type":"article-journal","title":"Nutrition during and after cancer therapy","container-title":"Oncology (Williston Park, NY)","page":"15","volume":"23","issue":"2 Suppl","author":[{"family":"Barrera","given":"Stephanie"},{"family":"Demark-Wahnefried","given":"Wendy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Barrera & Demark-Wahnefried, 2009). A nurse has to take care of the low saturated diet of a cancer patient. Cancer patients diet continuum changes with the duration of their treatment and nurse appraise the guidelines best positioned to make better food and nutrition choices for the cancer patients. They make the food choices and pay heed to the weight management of cancer patients.

Nurses play a key role in prompting physicians to interact with patients, and they also take the initiative to encourage healthful dietary change ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a40limp6fd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Barrera & Demark-Wahnefried, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Barrera & Demark-Wahnefried, 2009)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1138,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/YJ3S3SDZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/YJ3S3SDZ"],"itemData":{"id":1138,"type":"article-journal","title":"Nutrition during and after cancer therapy","container-title":"Oncology (Williston Park, NY)","page":"15","volume":"23","issue":"2 Suppl","author":[{"family":"Barrera","given":"Stephanie"},{"family":"Demark-Wahnefried","given":"Wendy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Barrera & Demark-Wahnefried, 2009). Nurses keen to provide guidance related to nutrition. Nurses come armed with the sound knowledge of modalities that contribute to enhance survival and promote health after recovery. Weight management is crucial in the recovery of the patient, and that is done by the calorie management along with exercise. Nurses play an important role in crafting interventions and meeting the dietary requirements of the patients. Nutrition is an important factor in cancer treatment ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2mna8i1rpj","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Nutrition for the Person with Cancer,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Nutrition for the Person with Cancer,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":1139,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/SPHVTU5Z"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/FGhKhGPG/items/SPHVTU5Z"],"itemData":{"id":1139,"type":"webpage","title":"Nutrition for the Person with Cancer","abstract":"Nutrition is an important part of cancer treatment. Find out what to eat before, during, and after treatment to help you feel better and stay stronger.","URL":"https://www.cancer.org/treatment/survivorship-during-and-after-treatment/staying-active/nutrition/nutrition-during-treatment.html","language":"en"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Nutrition for the Person with Cancer,” n.d.). Nurses manage the nutrition and diet of the cancer patient by providing them with the plant-based diet during the different stages of their recovery. The use of plant-based diet and unrefined whole grains have increased the ratio of cancer survivors in the US population.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Barrera, S., & Demark-Wahnefried, W. (2009). Nutrition during and after cancer therapy. Oncology (Williston Park, NY), 23(2 Suppl), 15.

Craig, W. J. (2009). Health effects of vegan diets–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(5), 1627S–1633S.

Nutrition for the Person with Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/treatment/survivorship-during-and-after-treatment/staying-active/nutrition/nutrition-during-treatment.html

Advance Technologies For Elimination Or Mitigation Of Retail Theft, And How This Can Affect The Consumer.

Advance Technologies for Elimination or Mitigation of Retail Theft, and How This Can Affect the Consumer

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Advance Technologies for Elimination or Mitigation of Retail Theft, and How This Can Affect the Consumer

Introduction

Business market is a diverse place, where millions of transactions take place every day. These transactions give profit to some individuals while pushing some others towards loss. Business is all about profit and loss. The place where these transactions take place is called a market. A market is a place where commodities are bought and sold in exchange for something, mostly money.

If considered in the broader terms, markets are divided into two categories, Business to business (B2B) and Business to consumers (B2C) markets. B2B markets are those markets or traders that serve the business community of the market that it is serving. Their traders mostly deal in raw products or unfinished material that is used in further production of finished goods. These businessmen do not have direct dealing with the consumers and usually provide their merchandise in bulk form. This type of market is also known as the wholesale market, where the businessman or the producer can get things in bulk and a discounted rate from the market.

Another type of market is known as business to consumer or B2C market. This type of market deals directly with consumers. It produces, markets and sells products and services to those individuals who directly consume it rather than selling it to the merchandisers. Producers keep the direct consumer in their minds and make and design the product according to their choice and preferences. B2C markets are also known as Retail markets (Pennacchioli, et. al., 2014). It is, in fact, the most common type of market found in the business world. Retail markets have a lot of diversity.

There are multiple types of businesses that serve consumers directly and in various ways. Some of them directly manufacture and sell products and some businesses provide services, instead of providing direct products to the users. Some prominent examples of retail business are department stores, supermarkets, warehouse stores, specialty stores, discounted stores and many more (Caprice, Schlippenbach, & Wey, 2014).

Retail store is a very successful and growing business not only in the United States of America but also all over the world. Every now and then, retail stores can be seen popping up around the corners of one street or another. Multiple studies have shown that opening up a retail store provides much more profit and psychological satisfaction to the retailer as compared to starting any other business. It has also been observed that retail stores prove to be a much more profitable business as compared to any other business type. But this business type can also turn out to be a non-profitable one if the dark sides are not kept in the mind.

One of the major evils that come along with the starting of a retail business is Retail Theft. Retail theft, also more commonly known as "Shoplifting" is the act of stealing goods from a retail store. The person involved in the act of shoplifting or retail theft intends to deprive the merchandiser of the value of the merchandise, mostly on a permanent basis. Retail theft is a major crime prevailing in the business markets of the United States of America and many retailers are fed up these activities. The act of retail theft is mostly carried on by drug addicts or homeless people who cannot afford to buy the goods (Smith, & Clarke, 2015). The shoplifter mostly conceals the stolen item. There is a specific word assigned to the lost item or merchandise as a result of retail theft, called Shrinkage. Most of the times the crime goes unnoticed. Retailers and store owners have always been looking for various methods to curb this evil. Multiple methods have been devised to stop this crime altogether or at least bring a reduction in its rate of occurrence.

Technology has played a major part in this respect. Since the rolling out of new technologies and mechanisms in every field, things are becoming easier to manage and handle. Same has been the case in the sector of retail marketing. The area of retail marketing or stores has also taken use of these advancements and installed various types of technologies and instruments to handle the matter of retail theft. The following piece of research will look into the induction of advanced technologies in the retail stores in order to eliminate or mitigate the evil of retail theft completely or at least to some extent and how these inductions will affect the consumer of that retail market.

Literature Review

The crime of shoplifting or retail theft is not a recent one. In fact, the retailers have been facing it for a very long time. In fact, the act of shoplifting started when people started shopping for items (Clarke, & Petrossian, 2002). The first case of shoplifting r retail theft was noticed in London, in the 16th century. It was carried on by a group of shoplifters called lifters. At that time, the shoplifters were also perceived as con artists and even pimps and prostitutes,

The boom in the retail market or the store industry also brought various revolutions in the designing and the shapes and sizes of the retail stores. The owners or managers of the stores started placing goods at the very front or in the showcases in order to give a better view to the customers of the product. This also enabled the customers to touch and feel the products. But this advancement brought a drawback with it as well; a visible rise in the reporting of shopliftings. This all happened in the 17th century when the products were begun to be displayed in showcases or glass windows in order to attract more customers.

However, the term retail theft or shoplifting had not been used for this act. The term "shoplifting" came into existence when the Ladies Dictionary used it to define and describe the famous shoplifters of that time, the 17th century (Yamato, Fukumoto, & Kumazaki, 2017). Some of the notorious names in the field of shoplifting, especially the females were Mary Frith, Moll King, Sarah McCane, Maria Carlston and Samuel Pepys.

The first act or the law, to stop the crime of retail theft was passed in 1699, by the English Parliament. This act was the part of the Bloody Code, so the people who were proved to have shoplifted any item of more than five shillings were hanged in London's Tyburn Tree, in front of thousands of people or would be transported to Northern American Colonies.

In the beginning, retail theft or shoplifting was considered an act purely committed by females. In the late 19th century, to be more precise in 1960, the concept of shoplifting was revisited and hence, redefined. This time, it was considered more of a political act instead of a crime. The shop keepers or retailers started taking various measures to avoid the act of shoplifting by hiring more staff and keeping a close check at the customers (Kanashiro, 2008). As the technology had not made much progress at that time and the retailers were not focusing on the aspects of the use of technology to stop the evil of retail theft, they were paying more attention towards using the manual or more appropriately human methods in order to stop shoplifting. Researchers have extensively found out that shopkeepers had used to hire more staff in order to keep a look at the customers walking in the shop. The owner of the business or the stores also used to keep a closed check at the customers coming in and leaving the store. Moreover, the business owners also adopted approaches like building friendly relations with the customers and keeping healthy bonding with their employees so that they can be motivated to point out any such activity happening in the market.

With the passage of time, the technology advancements by leaps and bounds and new inventions came in the market to help the law enforcement agencies in the detection and catching of t6heives. Similar kinds of advancements also took place in the area of retail marketing. Retail marketers were pushed to take help from technology for security purposes (Rougier, Meunier, St-Arnaud, & Rousseau, 2007). Unlike before, they started realizing the importance of technology for running a business, especially for security purposes and cash handling. Thus they started installing security cameras and scanners in their shops and stores so that the evil of shoplifting can be stopped. The various previous studies on the uses of technical measures, especially surveillance cams, scanners, and many other inventions have proved that there has been a considerable reduction due to the use of these inventions (Perlman, & Ozinci, 2014).

Research Design and Methodology

The research method adopted for this research was descriptive and comparative research. The population in the case of this research were all the retail stores, including the departmental stores, clothing stores, baby and mama stores, cosmetic stores and boutiques, out of which 100 stores of various shapes and sizes will be selected to collect data regarding the use of technology and retail theft. It will be kept in mind that half of these stores use the advanced technologies of surveillance and half do not or use the minimum amount of technology for security purposes so that the results can be compared at the end.

Discussion

Retailers have been using various measures to curb the evil of retail theft in order to secure their business and save their goods from being stolen. In the previous times, when the science and technology had not made much progress and not many machines had not been invented in for the security purposes, the retailers were bound to use limited resources for the check and balance of merchandises. Most of the retailers did not use any measures to keep their merchandise secure from shoplifters at all. Those, who were aware of the consequences of this evil, were using security measures but on a small or manual scale. They used to hire more staff according to the size of the store and the type of business. Moreover, the retailers had to keep a suspicious eye on each and every customer, whoever entered and left the store. Relationship building with the customers and employees also helped in lessening the crime rate of theft.

Currently, with the rolling out of multiple latest technologies, it has become much easier to cope up with the security issues and the criminal activities like retail theft in the retail stores and departmental stores,

Surveillance Cameras:

The use of surveillance cameras for the purpose of security first started in Germany, in 1942, when German scientists used them to monitor the launch of V2 rockets. Later in 1960, Closed Circuit Cameras (CCTV) cameras were used to monitor the Thai Royalty in England, in the Trafalgar Square in London. Until 1965, the usage of CCTV cameras had become much popular and in 1969, these cameras were had begun to be used as a security tool for the homes. Until 1990, the use of these closed circuit cameras had been so common that they were installed at every ATM machine and the year 1996 brought the first IP camera in the market. The 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center highlighted the importance of the surveillance cameras on a new level and urged the government and non-government organizations to use more and more security cameras (Lauer, 2012).

The use of surveillance cameras in various places, like metro stations, subways and especially retail stores and shops has been proved to reduce the crime rate and retail theft figures to up to 25%. It is also a very economical method as the cost incurred on the installation of a single security camera and making a limited area secure from it is approximately US$ 2000 (Priks, 2105).

Electric Article Surveillance (ESA):

A comparatively new technique in the surveillance industry or making the retail market more secure is the use of Electric Article Surveillance (ESA). This is a form of tagging mechanism which includes the use of one or more antennas that are connected to the hard tags or labels on the articles found in the store. These antennas are placed at the entry and exit point of the store and if any customer or shoplifter tries to walk past them, the electromagnetic waves ring an alarm, and the thief is caught immediately. The usage of Surveillance tags first began in 1966 after its invention by Arthur Minasy.

The major forms or types of Electronic Article Surveillance Systems are Electro-Magnetic System (Also Known as magneto-harmonic or Barkhausen effect), Acousto_magnetic, (also called magnetostrictive), microwave, radio frequency and video surveillance (to some extent). The installation and use of Electronic Article Surveillance Systems has proven to be an extremely successful technique in order to finish the crime of retail theft at a large level and has found to eliminate almost 99% -100% of the cases of retail theft (Aba, Abah, & Ozowa, 2016).

Impact on Customers

The use of modern technologies for security purposes have created great ease of work for businessmen and retailers. The businessmen and the store owners are extremely happy and relaxed over these advancements and are significantly moving towards their usage so that they can reduce or minimize their shrinkage.

Moreover, these advanced inventions and technologies have also impacted the customers significantly. They have improved the relations considerably between the retailer and the customer or the end consumer. With the usage of these updated mechanisms, retailers have become much relaxed from the side of security and are able to focus more on providing better products and services to their customers, which has resulted in the improved relationship between the consumers and the retail business managers (Križan, Bilková, & Kita, 2014).

Conclusion

In short, it can be seen that progress and advancement in technology have greatly benefitted the retail market. It has made the environment more secure and peaceful for consumers to shop. Moreover, the use of latest technology and the machines has made it much easier for the retailers to manage their business more properly, without worrying about the issues of retail theft or shoplifting.

These technologies include many machines, but the most prominent and recent ones are Close Circuit Cameras (CCTV) and Electric Article Surveillance (ESA). These devices have reduced the numbers of shoplifting considerably. These machines have also assisted in solving many cases of retail theft and capturing the culprit, most of the times, red-handed. These devices are proving to be extremely advantageous for retailers and they should imply maximum number of machines in their businesses in order to make their business and merchandise secure and provide better services to their customers.

References

Aba, J., Abah, T., & Ozowa, V. (2016). Impact of electronic surveillance systems on theft and mutilation in Francis Suleimanu Idachaba Library, University of Agriculture Makurdi. Library Philosophy and Practice.

Caprice, S., Schlippenbach, V. V., & Wey, C. (2014). Supplier Fixed Costs and Retail Market Monopolization.

Clarke, R. V. G., & Petrossian, G. (2002). Shoplifting. US Department of Justice, Office of community-oriented policing services.

Kanashiro, M. M. (2008). Surveillance Cameras in Brazil: exclusion, mobility regulation, and the new meanings of security. Surveillance & Society, 5(3).

Križan, F., Bilková, K., & Kita, P. (2014). Urban retail market in Bratislava (Slovakia): Consumers perception and classification of shopping centers

Lauer, J. (2012). Surveillance history and the history of new media: An evidential paradigm. new media & society, 14(4), 566-582.

Pennacchioli, D., Coscia, M., Rinzivillo, S., Giannotti, F., & Pedreschi, D. (2014). The retail market as a complex system. EPJ Data Science, 3(1), 33.

Perlman, Y., & Ozinci, Y. (2014). Reducing shoplifting by investment in security. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 65(5), 685-693.

Priks, M. (2015). The effects of surveillance cameras on crime: Evidence from the Stockholm subway. The Economic Journal, 125(588), F289-F305.

Rougier, C., Meunier, J., St-Arnaud, A., & Rousseau, J. (2007, May). Fall detection from human shape and motion history using video surveillance. In 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW'07) (Vol. 2, pp. 875-880). IEEE.

Smith, B. T., & Clarke, R. V. (2015). Shoplifting of everyday products that serve illicit drug uses. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 52(2), 245-269.

Yamato, Y., Fukumoto, Y., & Kumazaki, H. (2017). Proposal of shoplifting prevention service using image analysis and ERP check. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 12, S141-S145.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of National Health Systems

Title

Student name

Professor name

Introduction

According to WHO; “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” ("World Health Organization", 1948). It is the right of citizens to get a healthy life. The state is responsible for providing the right to health, protection, and education to its citizens. The state made different strategies to provide the best lifestyle to its citizens. The organization made by the government checks the quality of services provided by the government. All countries around the globe are working in their terms to provide quality of life to their natives.

According to Tabrizi., et al (2011) good governance is such that provides better health services. The health services quality is revealed with its effectiveness in the community. The efficiency with the quality of health services can be demonstrated by its beneficiary. Countries are working with different approaches to improve health services. The quality insurance organizations are working within the country to recognize the problems and work for the betterment. Such an organization has a professional trainee who works together and goes through every little detail from specific to general. Different funders and volunteers are taking part in the quality assurance program of health care in a country.

In many countries where the United States is supporting through funding in healthcare, the health zone is in rigid control. It leads to good control over the health sector. There are fewer chances of the health sector to be in control of professional sovereignty and the engagement of the consumer. It also leads to less exposure of the details in the healthy zone. (Tabrizi., et al 2011). It is an important fact for being a successful and developed country the growth rate must be high. The high growth rate is due to the number of people actively working that is possible when they are living with good standards.

A country is responsible to consider people’s health at the top of the priority list. In a country, the healthcare system is running in a complete organized form. It includes the facilities and services for the citizens, learning and developing institution and organization. They are responsible to provide care, protection, prevention, diagnosis of disease, rehabilitate the citizens in need, and the cure of the patients. A health care system of different countries all over the world is intensely influenced by the political, social, economic, traditional rituals and many other factors. The health care system is facing different challenges daily. Still, governments are working to improve the quality of life.

Advantages of National Health Care System

A state is responsible to provide the best possible healthcare to its locals. A citizen of the US according to a report in "Government Healthcare — Analysis of Pros & Cons", (2019) have many benefits. Some of them are; citizens are given the right to choose any doctor they want to get treated. There is no restriction or limit to be treated from a certain hospital. The nationals choose the hospital, doctor of their own choice. The citizens do not need to pay any kind of their hospital bills and there is no deduction from their income.

A US citizen is aided with fully medical aid from the day he born. There is no pre-existing state of affairs to be fulfilled. The citizens are fully supported in their medical bills; they are free to be safe from bankruptcy. US health care system is free from the division of race, culture, etc. It gives the right to everyone to be healthy. It counts everyone one. It is simpler, cheaper and easy to avail. The taxpayers are facilitated. In the US, insurance companies are less in number. It facilitates doctors not to waste their precious hours yearly by dealing with insurance companies.

Moreover, patients do feel safe with government services and don’t run behind the insurance companies. The doctors pay their precious hours to their patients without frustration. A record collected, in the 2008 presidential campaign shows that 47 million Americans are lacking healthcare insurance coverage. Millions of peoples can access significantly better healthcare without any insurance coverage by the government ("Government Healthcare — Analysis of Pros & Cons", 2019). Easy and moderate way of living with good health services is available to citizens.

Disadvantages of National Health Care System

Healthcare whereas facilitating at its best to the citizens of states it faces many obstacles too. The opposition and conservatives oppose the act of providing healthcare services to remote citizens. Moreover, the libertarians believe that the healthcare should be merely provided for the profit insurance companies by the private-sector. A minority of Congressional Republicans in 2009 suggested that the people who are not paying insurance could be provided with partial medical services. This system can be introduced to families who have less monthly income, by voucher system or by providing tax credits. The conservatives also opposed the government’s cheap healthcare facility by saying it is an advantage for the profit guarantors.

The Wall Street Journal argues:

"In reality, equal competition between a public plan and private plans would be impossible. The public plan would inexorably crowd out private plans, leading to a single-payer system." (Harrington, S. E. 2009)

As far as the concern of patient the healthcare provided by the government has some demerits. To some extent, patients are narrowing down to their selection criteria. They face a reduction in selection of high paid doctor and the hospital. Today their treatment options, surgeries, and medicines are shortlisted as compared to an earlier situation. The standard rights of patients seem to be diluted. The doctors are acting non-professional. As it was not there a choice to be. It seems that the doctor is choosing their profession just because they did not get chance to go in another field. This is leading to a loss of interest in their job. A reduced amount of doctors also affects the patients as they have to wait longer for their turn. ("Government Healthcare — Analysis of Pros & Cons", 2019)

Comparison between the US and Australia

Australia

United States

Role of Government

Australia’s government has a joint administration system, by national and state. The administration funds the citizens by hospital funds. Medicare is given to the citizens. It is an insurance policy for a universal public program.

The medical right is for everyone. Medicare is given to the people of age 65 and older than it. Medicare is also given to the disabled inhabitants. Families who have low income or unemployed, state-level insurance and income-based subsidies are provided to some exceptions.

Financing System of Public

The Public pays general tax and earmarked income tax to the government to support the government; in return, they are treated with facilities and services.

The citizens of states are paying federal tax, premiums and payrolls to support the government.

Private Insurance Role

The inhabitants ~47%, for complementary and supplementary services i.e. to get treatment on priority, in private hospital and to get faster treatment buy services.

~66% of inhabitants voluntary pay Primary private state tax revenue, federal revenue and supplementary for Medicare insurance.

Caps on Cost-Sharing

The caps on cost-sharing is out of is dependent on income and the expenditure of the same year.

Some private insurance companies have their medical plans. The private insurance plan limit that an individual can take is $6,600 yearly and for a family is $13,200.

Exemptions and Low-Income Protection

The people who have low income or of older age are given 80% refund of their Medicare Services.

The families who have low income, people of older age, and disabled persons are provided with subsidies in premium and they are exempt from insurance direct.

(Mossialos., et al 2016)

Q- PACE Issue

In 1997, the Balanced Budget act of PACE was made a permanent type of Medicare for the senior citizens of America. At the elderly age, the senior citizens are facilitated with the service of Medicare until the end of their life. Yet, some problems can be viewed in the PACE traditional care system. The PACE is facing two main issues in the United States i.e. fragmentation of service and the other is institutional setting (Chi, I. 2013). Improper management of nursing home care is disturbing the mental health of the residents.

The people of the old age group in Australia lives in PACE so that they can have a better and soothing life. Yet there are many problems the elderly people face and that are affecting the. The older people are facing poor services and the management structure is underdeveloped. Several people are reported to have multimorbidity due to the less soothing care (Nicholson., et al 2018). The elderly people due to the poor institutional setting are facing health issues. They are not provided with proper care and treatment.

Reference

World Health Organization. (1948). International Organization, 2(3), 540-542. doi: 10.1017/s0020818300020312

Tabrizi, J. S., Gharibi, F., & Wilson, A. J. (2011). Advantages and disadvantages of health care accreditation models. Health promotion perspectives, 1(1), 1.

Government Healthcare — Analysis of Pros & Cons. (2019). Retrieved 7 November 2019, from https://www.thoughtco.com/pros-and-cons-of-government-healthcare-3325379

Mossialos, E., Wenzl, M., Osborn, R., & Sarnak, D. (2016). 2015 international profiles of health care systems. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health.

Harrington, S. E. (2009). The'Public Plan'Would Be the Only Plan. It’s impossible for private insurers to ‘compete’with government. The Wall Street Journal. Onlinewsj. com/articleSB124502127377113741. html. Accessed, 15.,

Mui, A. C. (2002). The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) an innovative long-term care model in the United States. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 13(2-3), 53-67.

Chi, I. (2013). The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE): An Innovative Long-Term Care Model in the United States: Ada C. Mui, PhD, ACSW. In Long-Term Care in the 21st Century (pp. 60-62). Routledge.

Nicholson, C., Davies, J. M., George, R., Smith, B., Pace, V., Harris, L., ... & Murtagh, F. E. (2018). What are the main palliative care symptoms and concerns of older people with multimorbidity?—a comparative cross-sectional study using routinely collected Phase of Illness, Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status and Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale data. Annals of palliative medicine, 7, S164-S175.

Appendix

Charts/ Table/ Figure

15665451968500

Advent Calendar Review

Advent Calendar Review

Author1Firstname Author1Lastname

[Institution Name]

Author2Firstname Author2Lastname

[Institution Name]

Advent Calendar Review

Introduction

Children are a great blessing; every parent loves their children and tries to get the best for them. In order to do so, they provide the finest of everything, whether its clothes, education, food, or entertainment. Toys hold great importance in both the entertainment and learning of the children. Parents strive to get the best possible toys for their young ones so that they can only enjoy in their leisure time but also learn from them. One of the top choices, in this respect, especially among the parents of the United States of America, is Lego.

Lego, commonly seen as LEGO, is the trademark or the logo used for a plastic toy manufacturer, The Lego Group, privately held and based in Billund, Denmark. Lego is a name given to a series of interlocking plastic bricks. These toys are available in a number of colors and sizes and are accompanied by several gears and miniature figures known as mini figurines. These plastic parts or toys can be assembled and connected in a number of ways in order to construct various objects ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"NpYucYWZ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super 1\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"1","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":10,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aDSOzgCJ/items/KF9ZLSJX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aDSOzgCJ/items/KF9ZLSJX"],"itemData":{"id":10,"type":"book","ISBN":"1-135-46606-8","publisher":"Routledge","title":"Handbook of research on the education of young children","author":[{"family":"Spodek","given":"Bernard"},{"family":"Saracho","given":"Olivia N."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} 1. These objects include various buildings, vehicles, and working robots. One of the most notable products of the plastic toy manufacturer is Lego City Advent Calendar.

Discussion

Lego City Advent Calendar is a series of plastic toys or building blocks that are released by the Danish toymaker every year ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"b1B26zLC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super 2\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"2","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":8,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aDSOzgCJ/items/YKM8HH99"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aDSOzgCJ/items/YKM8HH99"],"itemData":{"id":8,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems","issue":"11","page":"754-778","title":"Organizational learning with crowdsourcing: The revelatory case of LEGO","volume":"15","author":[{"family":"Schlagwein","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Bjørn-Andersen","given":"Niels"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} 2. Every year, the set of plastic toys or building blocks contains some new addition or innovation, Most of the times, these additions or innovations include the addition of new characters and figures in its collection ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"n9EDg3nf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super 3\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"3","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aDSOzgCJ/items/BZZ3E7EN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aDSOzgCJ/items/BZZ3E7EN"],"itemData":{"id":7,"type":"book","ISBN":"1-118-93137-8","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","title":"Building a better business using the Lego serious play method","author":[{"family":"Kristiansen","given":"Per"},{"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Robert"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} 3. The 2019 edition of the Lego City Advent Calendar is a perfect example of the innovation or along the lines of modern technology. The latest edition of the Lego City Series contains a number of enhanced figurines that would add up to the value of the whole pack and will be loved by both the parents and children alike.

The Danish Toy manufacturer has already rolled out the initial lot of the 2019 edition of the new Advent Calendar, and it has immediately become popular among the youngsters as well as the adults. The new 2019 Lego City Advent Calendar features a number of new characters and mini figurines from famous movies and comic books of children like Star Wars and Harry Potter. Considering the whole set contains a total of seven minifigures along with a bonus Santa BB-8 on a snowboard. Lego Group always keeps such a surprise for its customers every year, and this year it is Santa.

The series contains multiple scenes and scenarios as well, which the customers have to complete and win exciting prizes from the company. This year the company has included an amazing scene that includes the surface land of Jakku along with a star killer base. The scene has been embellished with the Christmas theme, and special elements like snow, ice, and snowboard have been inculcated to make it look more attractive. The Lego City overall is a must things to have if you have children or even if you are a grown-up ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"S4qHm10T","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super 4\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"4","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":9,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aDSOzgCJ/items/AVZAK3RP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/aDSOzgCJ/items/AVZAK3RP"],"itemData":{"id":9,"type":"book","ISBN":"1-317-93545-4","publisher":"Routledge","title":"Lego studies: Examining the building blocks of a transmedial phenomenon","author":[{"family":"Wolf","given":"Mark JP"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} 4.

Conclusion

Hence, it can be concluded that the Lego Advent Calendar is a very helpful and effective tool in enhancing the learning and constructive abilities of the children. It has various parts that help the children to build various structures and work on their analytical and building abilities. These enhance the creative abilities of the young generation. In addition to these, the whole set contains the characters and parts from the latest cartoon programs and comic series, which increases the interest of the children in playful activities.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Spodek B, Saracho ON. Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children. Routledge; 2014.

2. Schlagwein D, Bjørn-Andersen N. Organizational learning with crowdsourcing: The revelatory case of LEGO. J Assoc Inf Syst. 2014;15(11):754-778.

3. Kristiansen P, Rasmussen R. Building a Better Business Using the Lego Serious Play Method. John Wiley & Sons; 2014.

4. Wolf MJ. Lego Studies: Examining the Building Blocks of a Transmedial Phenomenon. Routledge; 2014.

Advertising And Marketing Of The Fashion Industry

Daiseana M Leonard Subject Professor’s name November 10, 2019 Advertisements and marketing in the fashion industry The fashion industry is one of the greatest growing and flourishing industries in today’s world. The tastes and trends of the fashion diligence are highly followed by people all around the world. The fashion industry has now become a way to express oneself. "Style is a way to say who you are without having to speak." Competition is an essential element in markets and the level of competition in the industry is high that means firms in the fashion industry have to compete to survive in the industry. These firms compete in various ways including price wars, introducing new innovative products for customers, advertisements and marketing that can be informative and persuasive. Moreover, the firms in the fashion industry can also compete by creating their brand loyalty among the customers that can be achieved by offering after-sale services, low prices, and good quality products, etc. Recently, firms have aggressively started to compete through marketing and advertisements. Fashion industry firms have started to invest a huge sum towards their marketing departments because right marketing can lead to the achievement of long term goals of the firm. Fashion and advertisements have a positive relationship the better and attractive the advertisements the more are the chances for a firm in the fashion industry to flourish. Advertisements are notices or announcements on public platforms that can be visual or in written form. On the other hand, marketing is a research process of gathering, analyzing and communicating decision-oriented information to use in making strategies to promote the brand or product. Through advertisements and marketing, fashion firms are able to communicate with their target market and can create a certain image of an impact too. The firms need to closely set up strategies for their advertisements and marketing campaigns in order to create a positive image. 

       In the past years, the platforms for advertisements and marketing have highly increased. Social media being one of the most influencing and important. That falls into the category of electronic media. Social media platforms like Snapchat, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Youtube, and Tumblr have a high influence on today’s world. They have the power to make or destroy a brand's image. Fashion firms have taken full advantage of these platforms by making social media accounts and putting up an online catalog. This helps them advertise their brand in a less expensive way word-wide. Furthermore, these social media accounts help fashion firms communicate with their consumers. The internet era has made things easy in terms of easy advertisements and marketing. Customers are able to gain maximum information from one touch and are informed when a new product is launched. Furthermore, Fashion firm can hire social media models to promote their brand simply by wearing their clothes/accessories. Many note-able fashion firms have been promoting their brands in such ways, for example, Fashion Nova sponsoring Gabi DeMartino a Youtuber to wear their clothes for her Instagram pictures. Another way to inspire and attract customers is to provide them with the backstory of the brand by making videos and uploading them on social media accounts. A perfect example of this is Chanel inside alongside Chanel News, Inside Chanel is a microsite dedicated to telling the story of the brand – a key part of its overarching marketing strategy. Separated into 12 chapters, each detailing an important part of the brand’s history, it offers something of real value for consumers. Combining photography, digital sketches, and video – it uses rich content to bring the story to life. With 100 years of history, the in-depth and well-produced nature of the campaign also reflects the quality of the brand. This made a great impact on their target market because people got to know about their backstory and brand. Although social media plays a great role in advertising and marketing products it has brought many changes in the advertising and marketing market domain. On the contrary, many magazines and newspapers have lost business due to the increase in social media platforms since not many people prefer reading on pages these days. But, sometimes customers ignore online advertisements, there are technical problems due to the lo internet links or website downtime, There are too many options on the internet that creates a variety of choice for the consumers and they get distracted and it becomes difficult for them to narrow down choices. There has been an increase in online scams and it makes customers think twice before trusting advertisements online. The market of advertising and marketing has come a far way since the early years especially among the fashion firms. From door to door distribution of printed catalogs to online stores and catalogs just one click away. This truly has changed the market for advertisements and marketing for fashion, firms have moved from boring and irrelevant advertisements to eye attractive ones. Internet era has brought innovation and ease as fashion firms no do not have to allow a larger budget for marketing and advertisements. Even magazines and newspapers have made their social media accounts and online websites to stay up to date with today’s world. This has given the fashion firms a chance to create a worldwide image efficiently and effectively. 

 Over the years the marketing strategies in general of fashion firms have changed, they have been adopting various marketing approaches such as differentiated, undifferentiated and concentrated. Moreover, Fashion firms have lately been focusing on the use of the marketing mix that includes the 4 P’s Product, Price, packaging and most important promotions. In the marketing sense, promotion refers to the use of advertising, branding, sales promotions and public information to inform and persuade consumers. Marketing and advertisements are linked with each other. In other words, advertisements are marketing. There are three main types of advertising media, The most popular and common these are electronic media that mainly includes television, radio, internet, cinema, and local cable networks. Secondly, Print media that includes newspapers and magazines furthermore, outdoor publicity is the third type of advertising media that includes banners posters, billboards, wall chalking, leaflets, flyers, and pamphlets. As discussed before the use of electronic media is much more than the other two types due to obvious reasons for the internet era. 

            Fashion has found new roles and a way to showcase itself through different forms of advertisements and marketing. Six global brands (Zara, H&M, Prada, Gucci, Nike, and Adidas) were chosen to be analyzed due to their different types/category and their worldwide recognition. An ethnographic approach was used to conduct the data collection for a period of six months (Kozinets, 2010) to study how fashion brands are being successful in terms of online communication on Instagram. These are different types of fashion brands (i) Chanel, Prada, Dior, and Gucci are considered haute couture brands; (ii) Massimo Dutti, COS, and Hackett are considered high-fashion brands; (iii) Zara, H&M, Pull & Bear, and Asos are considered fast-fashion brands; (iv) Nike, Adidas, Reebok, and New Balance are considered sports brands. The Instagram accounts of these are globally active and not only national. A main attraction of Instagram is the interactivity of consumers with the brands, empowering consumers for online debates and participation in the decision-making process. While comparing the brands H&M had more videos of an image than Zara and more celebrity presence that gave them a competitive edge. H&M interacts with its customers more than Zara. On the other hand, comparing Gucci and Prada both of these brands have a strong presence and have good interaction with their customers. Both of the brands have celebrity supporting them as their ambassadors. While comparing Adidas and Nike. Adidas clearly has more posts and celebrity presence than Nike. Adidas also uses hashtags to promote their photos. At the end the of research it came into notice that according to the three main factors described above, H&M is the best brand communicating with the audience. Nike is the lower-ranked brand, with poor content and a very low number of photos and videos. The other brands have fulfilled almost every aspect that describes a successful communication. 

 This shows that people prefer those brands who communicate with the customers, look after their needs and satisfaction. Moreover, brands with celebrity presence attract more attention this is mainly because of their influencing powers as people intend to follow brands and styles wore by celebrities. 

  The fashion industry has been a great influence in terms of advertisements and marketing but, sometimes these advertisements and marketing are based on false facts and are persuasive. Moreover, the products provided on the base of these advertisements are not even one percent of what described in the advertisement or marketing campaigns. Such misleading advertisements, especially in the fashion industry cause chaos and this, make consumers question other brands who are selling legitimate products. “Telling lies does not work in advertising.” – Tim Bell. The result of these concerns has been attempting to increase regulation of advertising practices, Measures have been taken up to decrease advertisement frauds and to keep the customer community safe in the form of ASA in the US. ASA regulates advertisements that are misleading and takes action against them so that consumers are exploited. Here are some examples of false announcements and ASA taking up action against them, In the fall of 2012, the ASA in the United Kingdom banned a Christian Dior mascara advertisement featuring Natalie Portman because her eyelashes had been digitally altered to make them appear longer and thicker. The advertisement claimed that the mascara produced a “spectacular volume-multiplying effect, lash by lash.” The ASA banned the advertisement for exaggerating the effects of the mascara, which was misleading to consumers because there was insufficient evidence to suggest the product could actually produce eyelashes like those of Portman in the advertisement. 

 In early 2012, an L’Oréal ad for anti-wrinkle cream featuring actress Rachel Weisz was banned by the ASA for considerably changing the actress’s skin tone in a deceptive way and an exaggeration of the product’s possible results.111 In 2011, ads for L’Oréal-owned Lancôme brand and Maybelline brand foundations highlighting Julia Roberts and Christy Turlington, correspondingly, were also banned by the ASA for similarly deceptive consumers about the conceivable results of the product because of the digital augmentations to the skin of both women. 

 Fashion firms spend billions of dollars to make an advertisement to make their product a success but creating misleading advertisements is not an ethical way as consumers get highly exploited by paying a high price for an average product. Fashion firms owe loyalty towards their loyal customers in terms of providing them with the right information about the product, its making process, and ingredients. This can have a positive effect on the business and even create positive marketing and advertisements as a firm will be considered as socially responsible towards society, there will be lesser threats from pressure groups, less chances of legal actions, It’ll create a good image of the firm and positive impact on the consumers leading towards customer loyalty and a better brand image. At first, a fashion firm might face problems advertising in an ethical way but all problems are for the short term the long term benefits are greater and effect a fashion firm’s goodwill in a positive way. Management must change its approach towards business ethics and corporate social responsibility for smooth, long term and profitable business. 

 Advertisements and marketing play a great role in today’s fast-growing world especially in the fashion industry as they need to showcase their products through some channels of promotion. 

 The channels of promotions have changed rapidly since the early times and have become more responsive, innovative and effective that gives fashion firms a chance to showcase their product on a wider base and to a large audience even on a small budget i.e through social media. The internet era has opened gates to so many more potential markets and customers that can easily approach overseas products just by staying home. Internet Marketing is rapidly developing its ubiquity and significance. Today, the internet has become the center of attraction for the entire world. Entities of any age, ethnic upbringing and societal position are very much connected to the web. This has created so many opportunities for the fashion market to provide a wide variety of products that can be used worldwide. This will help a fashion firm expand and create a positive brand image based on diversity. 

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY brookins, M. (2019). Disadvantages of Online Advertising Options. Chron, 1.

Loureriro, S. (2019). How fashion brands engage on social media: A netnography approach . Journal of promotional management , 25 (3), 367 - 378.

Martin, R. (1995). Fashion in the age of advertising . Journal of popular culture , 29 (2), 235- 254.

O'Neil, A. (2014). A call for truth in the fashion pages: What the global trend in advertising regulation means for the U.S beauty and fashion advertisers. Journal of Global Leagal studies Vol. 21, 619-641.

Quick, T. (2019). How personalization keeps getting better with changes in advertising. . Instapage, 1.

Advocacy Blog

Advocacy Blog

[ Adonis Jimenez]

[Name of the Institution]

Advocacy Blog

Humans are endowed with some inalienable rights. Aristotle considers man a social and political being in this world. Similarly, John Lock remarks that man was pre-political, but was not pre-social in the state of nature. This social nature of man is responsible for the development of societies. Though, societies are formed when people are mutually dependent on one another, however, it is the social order which keeps societies intact and functional in their real sense. Societies thrive when all its individuals and the social groups within behave responsibly according to their set patterns of life. This harmonious social fabric is only possible when the inalienable rights of each and every individual in the society are kept sacred and safe. Those three basic inalienable rights are: the right to life, the right to liberty and the right to property. No one is allowed to tamper with those rights at any cost. According to John Lock- a famous social thinker and constitutionalist- liberty is the most important right for individuals and societies. This right to liberty is of prime importance to people in a society which guarantees the adequate amount of freedom to everyone in the society. If one goes even deeper, one finds that this freedom of speech is so important as this is the world conflicting nations and interests. Nevertheless, this is the right which is mostly abused and misunderstood in the world. people believe that when they are free in their expression, they are free to express any opinion. It is no blinking the fact that this freedom of expression is the distinguishing feature of this modern world. However, it has to be kept in mind that this freedom of expression must not harm anyone. It should not be mixed with Hate speeches at all. One must keep this maxim in mind that your liberty ends where my nose begins. 

Discussion

Freedom of speech, freedom of expression or the right of free speech are all synonymous in this modern world. This is the liberty that today’s modern man enjoys unlike his ancient predecessor. In the archaic world, the ancient man was not free at all. He was caged and faced several chains in his life. Who can forget the famous statement of Jean Jacques Rosseeau that he uttered in the period of enlightenment “Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains”. However, this state of affairs changed when the civic sense of man progressed. Freedom of expression is the distinguishing feature of this modern world as it is well-elaborated in Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948). To further cement the importance of free speech, several constitutions in the world have incorporated this liberty to promote individual’s rights in the society. This is definitely the great achievement of this modern world. Nevertheless, the exercise of such freedom needs some consideration as well. To begin with, freedom of speech should be limited. It should be limited in a sense that it must conform to the just ethical patterns of living. Freedom is not some license to say or do anything one wants. Besides, the heathy social life needs the proper implementation of Harm principle of the famous social thinker John Stuart Mill. Mill opines that every freedom is justified when it does not hurt others (O'Rourke, 2001). Any act of a person is legitimate when it does not harm others. Conversely, if this freedom of expression runs counter to this principle and injures the sentiments of other associates in the society, this is not a freedom. It is misuse of freedom by the offender. Hence, this freedom of speech should be limited in a sense that it must keep the harm and hurt principle intact.Furthermore, if there are no limitations on the freedom of expression then people abuse this right very often. There have been several notorious incidents in the world where this free speech was manipulated under the guise of hate speech. For instance, take the example of Charlie Hebdo on January 7, 2015. This incident took place in Paris where two gunmen opened the fire in office. This is grotesque and heinous crime but it has a background as well. This reaction came when the right of free speech was abuse by the journalists sitting in Charlie Hebdo office (Titley, Freedman, & Khiabany, November 2017). They played with the sentiments of people belonging to other faith and those people reacted in that way. Though, the reacting was not sensible at all but the it was triggered due to hate speech. The journalist did not care for the limits and degraded other community in France which engendered the feeling of resentment in the society. as a result, this cataclysmic event took place that shook the world. It is noteworthy that Freedom of speech is not hate speech at al. No one is allowed to say anything which can trigger such ill-feelings among others. By no means, free speech can be mixed with hate speeches. So, it is necessary to put limitations on free expression to keep this right sacrosanct for society and its members. Moreover, the idea that free speech should have imitations is valid because anything unlimited is not good for social fabric and social harmony. Liberty is a noble right and it is necessary to maintain it that way. The right kind of liberty is the one which is under the sanctions of law. Anything which is ungoverned by law is not a good for the harmonious equilibrium of the society. This is the view of the famous political thinker Montesquieu who explained this philosophy in his book in the spirit of laws. He opined that all power should not be concentrated in the one section of the society (Montesquieu, 1989). It must be devolved among all basic units that so there is no chance of despotism in the society. Thus, valid limits on free speech are necessary to maintain its inherent good in the society as powerful people must not be allowed to mishandle it.

Conclusion

n a nutshell, it is concluded from the above discussion that freedom of expression is essential for the healthy social life in this modern world. However, it is mandatory to keep in mind that free speech should have limits as well. The right of free speech must be exercised which some guidelines. It is necessary to maintain that no one should be hurt with your expression, nor it should create any feeling of resentment. Liberty is not a license to hurt others. Even hate speeches are guised under the label of free speech as it happened in the case of Charlie Hebdo. Nevertheless, this thing must be kept in mind that one’s liberty has limits and liberty of a person end where the nose of other person begins. This is the prime responsibility of this civilized to show utmost regard to other communities of the world. Freedom of speech is no doubt and inalienable right of every individual, but every right come with the duty to act responsibly and dutifully with it. 

References

Montesquieu. (1989). The Spirit of the Laws. 

O'Rourke, K. (2001). John Stuart Mill and Freedom of Expression. London: Routledge.

Titley, G., Freedman, D. (., & Khiabany, G. a. (November 2017). After Charlie Hebdo: Terror, Racism and Free Speech. London: Zed Books. .

United Nations. (1948). Retrieved from United Nations: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/

BIBLIOGRAPHY