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Advantages And Disadvantages Of National Health Systems
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Introduction
According to WHO; “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” ("World Health Organization", 1948). It is the right of citizens to get a healthy life. The state is responsible for providing the right to health, protection, and education to its citizens. The state made different strategies to provide the best lifestyle to its citizens. The organization made by the government checks the quality of services provided by the government. All countries around the globe are working in their terms to provide quality of life to their natives.
According to Tabrizi., et al (2011) good governance is such that provides better health services. The health services quality is revealed with its effectiveness in the community. The efficiency with the quality of health services can be demonstrated by its beneficiary. Countries are working with different approaches to improve health services. The quality insurance organizations are working within the country to recognize the problems and work for the betterment. Such an organization has a professional trainee who works together and goes through every little detail from specific to general. Different funders and volunteers are taking part in the quality assurance program of health care in a country.
In many countries where the United States is supporting through funding in healthcare, the health zone is in rigid control. It leads to good control over the health sector. There are fewer chances of the health sector to be in control of professional sovereignty and the engagement of the consumer. It also leads to less exposure of the details in the healthy zone. (Tabrizi., et al 2011). It is an important fact for being a successful and developed country the growth rate must be high. The high growth rate is due to the number of people actively working that is possible when they are living with good standards.
A country is responsible to consider people’s health at the top of the priority list. In a country, the healthcare system is running in a complete organized form. It includes the facilities and services for the citizens, learning and developing institution and organization. They are responsible to provide care, protection, prevention, diagnosis of disease, rehabilitate the citizens in need, and the cure of the patients. A health care system of different countries all over the world is intensely influenced by the political, social, economic, traditional rituals and many other factors. The health care system is facing different challenges daily. Still, governments are working to improve the quality of life.
Advantages of National Health Care System
A state is responsible to provide the best possible healthcare to its locals. A citizen of the US according to a report in "Government Healthcare — Analysis of Pros & Cons", (2019) have many benefits. Some of them are; citizens are given the right to choose any doctor they want to get treated. There is no restriction or limit to be treated from a certain hospital. The nationals choose the hospital, doctor of their own choice. The citizens do not need to pay any kind of their hospital bills and there is no deduction from their income.
A US citizen is aided with fully medical aid from the day he born. There is no pre-existing state of affairs to be fulfilled. The citizens are fully supported in their medical bills; they are free to be safe from bankruptcy. US health care system is free from the division of race, culture, etc. It gives the right to everyone to be healthy. It counts everyone one. It is simpler, cheaper and easy to avail. The taxpayers are facilitated. In the US, insurance companies are less in number. It facilitates doctors not to waste their precious hours yearly by dealing with insurance companies.
Moreover, patients do feel safe with government services and don’t run behind the insurance companies. The doctors pay their precious hours to their patients without frustration. A record collected, in the 2008 presidential campaign shows that 47 million Americans are lacking healthcare insurance coverage. Millions of peoples can access significantly better healthcare without any insurance coverage by the government ("Government Healthcare — Analysis of Pros & Cons", 2019). Easy and moderate way of living with good health services is available to citizens.
Disadvantages of National Health Care System
Healthcare whereas facilitating at its best to the citizens of states it faces many obstacles too. The opposition and conservatives oppose the act of providing healthcare services to remote citizens. Moreover, the libertarians believe that the healthcare should be merely provided for the profit insurance companies by the private-sector. A minority of Congressional Republicans in 2009 suggested that the people who are not paying insurance could be provided with partial medical services. This system can be introduced to families who have less monthly income, by voucher system or by providing tax credits. The conservatives also opposed the government’s cheap healthcare facility by saying it is an advantage for the profit guarantors.
The Wall Street Journal argues:
"In reality, equal competition between a public plan and private plans would be impossible. The public plan would inexorably crowd out private plans, leading to a single-payer system." (Harrington, S. E. 2009)
As far as the concern of patient the healthcare provided by the government has some demerits. To some extent, patients are narrowing down to their selection criteria. They face a reduction in selection of high paid doctor and the hospital. Today their treatment options, surgeries, and medicines are shortlisted as compared to an earlier situation. The standard rights of patients seem to be diluted. The doctors are acting non-professional. As it was not there a choice to be. It seems that the doctor is choosing their profession just because they did not get chance to go in another field. This is leading to a loss of interest in their job. A reduced amount of doctors also affects the patients as they have to wait longer for their turn. ("Government Healthcare — Analysis of Pros & Cons", 2019)
Comparison between the US and Australia
Australia
United States
Role of Government
Australia’s government has a joint administration system, by national and state. The administration funds the citizens by hospital funds. Medicare is given to the citizens. It is an insurance policy for a universal public program.
The medical right is for everyone. Medicare is given to the people of age 65 and older than it. Medicare is also given to the disabled inhabitants. Families who have low income or unemployed, state-level insurance and income-based subsidies are provided to some exceptions.
Financing System of Public
The Public pays general tax and earmarked income tax to the government to support the government; in return, they are treated with facilities and services.
The citizens of states are paying federal tax, premiums and payrolls to support the government.
Private Insurance Role
The inhabitants ~47%, for complementary and supplementary services i.e. to get treatment on priority, in private hospital and to get faster treatment buy services.
~66% of inhabitants voluntary pay Primary private state tax revenue, federal revenue and supplementary for Medicare insurance.
Caps on Cost-Sharing
The caps on cost-sharing is out of is dependent on income and the expenditure of the same year.
Some private insurance companies have their medical plans. The private insurance plan limit that an individual can take is $6,600 yearly and for a family is $13,200.
Exemptions and Low-Income Protection
The people who have low income or of older age are given 80% refund of their Medicare Services.
The families who have low income, people of older age, and disabled persons are provided with subsidies in premium and they are exempt from insurance direct.
(Mossialos., et al 2016)
Q- PACE Issue
In 1997, the Balanced Budget act of PACE was made a permanent type of Medicare for the senior citizens of America. At the elderly age, the senior citizens are facilitated with the service of Medicare until the end of their life. Yet, some problems can be viewed in the PACE traditional care system. The PACE is facing two main issues in the United States i.e. fragmentation of service and the other is institutional setting (Chi, I. 2013). Improper management of nursing home care is disturbing the mental health of the residents.
The people of the old age group in Australia lives in PACE so that they can have a better and soothing life. Yet there are many problems the elderly people face and that are affecting the. The older people are facing poor services and the management structure is underdeveloped. Several people are reported to have multimorbidity due to the less soothing care (Nicholson., et al 2018). The elderly people due to the poor institutional setting are facing health issues. They are not provided with proper care and treatment.
Reference
World Health Organization. (1948). International Organization, 2(3), 540-542. doi: 10.1017/s0020818300020312
Tabrizi, J. S., Gharibi, F., & Wilson, A. J. (2011). Advantages and disadvantages of health care accreditation models. Health promotion perspectives, 1(1), 1.
Government Healthcare — Analysis of Pros & Cons. (2019). Retrieved 7 November 2019, from https://www.thoughtco.com/pros-and-cons-of-government-healthcare-3325379
Mossialos, E., Wenzl, M., Osborn, R., & Sarnak, D. (2016). 2015 international profiles of health care systems. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health.
Harrington, S. E. (2009). The'Public Plan'Would Be the Only Plan. It’s impossible for private insurers to ‘compete’with government. The Wall Street Journal. Onlinewsj. com/articleSB124502127377113741. html. Accessed, 15.,
Mui, A. C. (2002). The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) an innovative long-term care model in the United States. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 13(2-3), 53-67.
Chi, I. (2013). The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE): An Innovative Long-Term Care Model in the United States: Ada C. Mui, PhD, ACSW. In Long-Term Care in the 21st Century (pp. 60-62). Routledge.
Nicholson, C., Davies, J. M., George, R., Smith, B., Pace, V., Harris, L., ... & Murtagh, F. E. (2018). What are the main palliative care symptoms and concerns of older people with multimorbidity?—a comparative cross-sectional study using routinely collected Phase of Illness, Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status and Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale data. Annals of palliative medicine, 7, S164-S175.
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