ACCT 351 RESEACH CASE-SPRING 2019

Acct 351 Research Case-Spring 2019

Student's Name

Institutional Affiliation

Revenue recognition model

According to the Financial Accounting Standard Board’s conceptual framework, revenue refers to all inflows or other enhancements of assets and properties of an entity which are generated from the production of goods and services. On the other hand, revenue recognition model refers to the generally accepted accounting principles that precisely pinpoint the essential conditions how revenues of an entity should be managed and recognized (Financial Accounting Standard Board, 2017). Typically, many organizations recognize their revenues when certain transactions are performed, and the amount of cash used for exchange is measurable. Besides, revenue recognition starts when there is a legal contract between two people or groups agree to exchange for some services as well as payments are to be paid for the services.

In most cases, contracts between two parties usually contain one or more performance obligations in which both parties are entering into an agreement promise to abide by the binding set rules and guidelines (Alford. et al. 2011). Also, the party receiving the services has to promise to pay for the services as required by the set rules and guidelines. Typically, there are different types of contracts such as the sale of goods and services and associations contracts among others. In the case of Hawaii Fitness club, there is a legal agreement between the club and its members.

Identification of the contract

Hawaii Fitness Club has a legal deal with its members where the club provides fitness services to its members and members pay for these services. In this case, there is a written agreement which both parties follow when entering into a mutual contract (Financial Accounting Standard Board, 2017). In the case of Hawaii Fitness club, a legal agreement is signed by both parties to prove adherence to binding rules and regulations of the contract. For example, before willing members join the club, the management takes them through all requirements which members must fulfil. If a member feels comfortable with conditions, he or she must sign a legal form agreement stating his or her willingness to cooperate with the asserted rules and guidelines of the club.

Also, the contract specifies all rights and obligations of the club and its members. It states the responsibilities of the club towards offering standard services to its members as well as how members should respond by making their contribution as required (Financial Accounting Standard Board, 2017). Concerning, members of the club must pay the subscription fee as stated in the agreement. In Hawaii Fitness club, customers pay for membership fee the rights granted to shop and buy products of the club at discounted prices. The club has two-tiered membership plans for their customers. According to the company's method of revenue recognition, all revenues are recognized when customers commit to making payment by signing a binding written contract (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2011). The agreement between Hawaii and its members does not have fixed duration because there are annual subscriptions where are mandated to pay their yearly contribution to the services provided by the entity. For instance, a new customer of the club is required to pay registration fees amounting to $ 150 for the first two years of joining the club. But members who have stayed in the club for more than two years pay annual registration fees of $ 50. The club does this to encourage their customers to wait for long as members of the club. Additionally, the club offers another package with members who have stayed for than ten years in the club not to pay any subscription as a means of encouraging them to remain members.

On the other hand, in the agreement between Hawaii and its members, there are consequences for parties who fail to meet their obligation as stated in the contract. As such, members of the club are required to make their payments at the right time as required by the law (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2011). Similarly, the club should attempt to supply customers with all services stated in the contract within the possible time. As such if any of the parties fail to meet their obligations, then there is a price to pay to the other party. For instance, if members of the club fail to make their annual payments, they can either be deregistered or pay penalties for not meeting their obligations as required by the binding contract.

Also, the other important area that exists in the contract of the Hawaii Club and its members is that there is a combination of contracts. The latter implies that there are multiple contracts between the club and its members where members are mandated to make their annual contributions and also are entitled to refund if they are not impressed with services of the club (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2011). This is the core element of identification of the contract that exists between the company and its members. Contract modification also subsists in the agreement between Hawaii Club and its members because the scope and guiding principles of the clubs vary with time and economic condition. For example, the club reduces membership annual subscription fees depending on a period of membership of their customers.

Identifying the performance obligations in the contract

Performance obligation refers to the state where one party in a contract promises to transfer specific quality services or quality of products which sustainably has the same arrangement of the transfer that the other party offer in the agreement. According to Accounting Standard Codification, this method is used to assess whether an entity is capable of meeting the obligations due to its members by providing to them the required services as stated in the contract (Sargent, 2013). The identification of performance process mainly pays more attention to the quality of services that business entities promise to provide to their customers. Correspondingly, Hawaii Club also applies the use of most appropriate methods of measuring performance obligation to ensure that they offer quality services that meet the needs of their customers as identified in the binding contract.

Moreover, the Hawaii club also has other unique features that make the contract with its customers more difficult. The principal versus elements between the club and its members creates performance obligation (Sargent, 2013). In this case, members of the club are the principal where they make annual contributions to the club (agent) to offer to provide them with services on return. Upon paying of yearly supplements, principals (members of the club) give the club (agent) the mandate to manage their financial resources to provide for the quality services and products that meet their needs.

Another unique feature in the contract between the Hawaii club and its members is the existence of promises in an agreement with customers (Sargent, 2013). Typically, guarantees in contracts with customers, the contract stipulates the services or products that an entity promises to provide to their customers. However, the services provided to their customers are not limited to what is stated in the written contract. As such the minimum services to be provided must be met by the company to satisfy the condition specified in the contract. In doing so, the business entity shall have finished its promise in the deal with customers. For example, in the Hawaii Club case, the club provides to its member all mandatory products and services that meet their needs as indicated in the written agreement.

Another important factor considered under-identification of the performance of a contract is distinct goods or services. Under this, the customer can enjoy all the products or services alone or with other resources available resources availed to them (Flood, 2017). In such a case, the distinct goods or services will help to meet all the needs of an entity's customers. Similarly, in the issue of Hawaii club, the identification of performance of the contract is clearly defined, and members of the club are allowed to enjoy all rights due to them as stipulated in the contract. Members of the club also have rights to enjoy additional services provided by the club to loyal customers. Some of the benefits the club offer to its members include low subscription fees for members who have been in the club for more than two years.

The entity that enters into a contract with customers must also promise to transfer the good and services that will be able to satisfy the needs of their customers (Flood, 2017). However, the services provided to customers should be separately identifiable from the promises in the written agreement.

Determining transaction price

According to the latest Financial Accounting Standards regulations, transaction price refers to the amount of consideration that an entity expects to receive compensation for goods and services provided (Sedki, Smith & Strickland, 2014). Further, the regulation stipulates that in the determination of transaction price, the management of the entity must take into consideration some essential factors. Some of these factors include variable consideration, non-cash consideration, time, the consideration payable to client and value of money. Usually, this step pays more attention to the computation of prices to charge on services offered to clients of the entity. According to the International Accounting Principles, contract charge refers to the total amount of consideration that a business entity is entitled to and anticipating to receive from the services offered to their clients (Financial Accounting Standard Board, 2017).

Likewise, Hawaii club also practices the determination of contract prices. The club has a specific amount of costs that their clients have to pay for services offered to them. In this case, the consideration price for the contract is annual subscriptions that members of the club pay to enjoy privileges and rights provided to them by the club. Concerning this case, the club's consideration of the contract varies because the management set annual subscription fees for their client. For example, $ 150 is charged for new clients, and $ 50 yearly subscription fees are charged for members how have stayed in the club for more than two years while members who have spent more than ten years in the club pay no subscription fees.

Variable consideration

The International Financial Reporting Standards stipulates that variable accounts arise in situations where there is rights of return or a valid expectation of one party (Sedki, Smith & Strickland, 2014). It also stipulates that it is always important to consider this element of revenue when an entity is setting the number of prices to charge for their services. In the case of Hawaii club, members expect the quality of services and products as a return of their contributions to the club. On the other hand, the club also anticipates annual subscriptions from members of the club who seek for their services and products. Usually, variable consideration is determined using two methods that are the expected value method which mainly based on the probability-weighted amounts. In this method, an entity makes a projection on the amount of money to anticipate based on the number of registered members of the group.

Allocation of prices to the performance obligations

In this step, the client of the business entity must receive the products or services provided to them at the transaction price stated in the contract. Nevertheless, there must be an appropriate method used like the contract (Savage, Cerf & Barra, 2013). Some of the commonly used methods are the adjusted market assessment approach, the residual approach and the expected cost plus margin measure approach. The management of the Hawaii club also considers all the aspects to ensure that the club meets all its roles and obligations as stipulated in the contract. The senior staff of the club provide quality services to their members as required by a written agreement.

Adjusted market assessment approach

In this approach, the service provider or the seller of the products must make a genuine consideration about the quality of services that are provided to their customers (Savage, Cerf & Barra, 2013). In doing so, they have to consider the number of prices charged by their competitors in the market they operate. Some of the main factors that must be regarded as are like market trends and quality of services of their competitors. Upon understanding the market trends, an entity may choose to use various strategies that enable it to achieve its goals.

In the case of Hawaii club, the management of the club has been during what they can to ensure that their client obtains quality services than those provided by their competitors. Also, the club offers specialized services to their members to reduce the number of members leaving the club. For instance, the club has as low as $ 150 registration fees for new members and $ 50 subscription fees for members who have stayed in the club for more than two years. The club does this to encourage new clients as well as to keep registered members of the club.

Expected cost plus margin approach

Under this approach, the service providers make their estimates on cost that will satisfy the performance obligation after adding an appropriate profit margin. In this case, the services providers or sellers only consider the only price charged by their competitors and market trends. If their competitor charges low prices for their services, the entity will also, charge relatively low rates (Ernst & Young, 2015). However, the cost must be able to generate to the business entity a reasonable profit that would enable it to run all its business activities more efficiently. Hawaii club also considers this approach because its relatively low prices on its services to its customers to ensure that the entity retains its current members. However, the amount charged is always able to satisfy the performance obligations of their client and also an appropriate profit margin.

Residual approach

According to the international accounting standards, in this approach, the sellers estimate highly uncertain stand-alone prices to charge on their products and services by subtracting the total amount of the known independent selling prices of other products or services in the agreement for the sum amount of transaction price of the initial contract. Usually, the residual approach is permitted in such conditions when the stand-alone charges are highly uncertain not just because services provider has not previously provided the services (McNellis, 2017). The approach is mainly designed to ensure that services providers make reasonable profits that can enable then run their business activities as stated in the contract.

Hawaii club also uses this approach when providing its services to its clients. The club usually sets its prices based on the ability to meet all requirements and performance obligations stated in the initial signed contract. Under such condition, the club also came with a strategy to retain their clients by setting low annual subscription fees for existing members of the club to encourage them to stay for an undefined period as members of the club (McNellis, 2017). For example, the club charges a low subscription price of $ 50 for existing members who have stayed in the club for a period between two and five years as members of the club. Also, the club charges no subscription fees to members of who have stayed in the club for more than five years. Nevertheless, even if the club charges such low costs, it has to ensure that the prices charged are reasonable to enable it to run its activities to meet performance obligations as required by the contract.

Recognize revenue when each performance obligations is satisfied

The approach mainly concentrates on revenue recognition. According to this approach, business entities should always account for profits and loss they realized during their activities only after meeting all performance obligations as stated in the contract (Gross, McCarthy & Shelmon, 2010). Also, there are some essential regulatory conditions that those entities must adhere to ensure that their operation is legally permitted. In most cases, business entities fulfil the needs of this requirement to prevent any penalties that may arise due to failure to meet statutory requirements of the regulatory bodies (Gross, McCarthy & Shelmon, 2010). For instance, in Hawaii club, the management of the club has to meet statutory obligations such as licensing to ensure that the regulatory bodies do not terminate their operation that may result into the breach of the contract signed with their members. Also, the company provides quality services that meets performance obligations and expectations of its members to ensure that the club has a going concern.

Conclusively, revenue recognition involves various essential steps that should be considered by all business entities as required by the Financial Accounting Standard Board. The board provides a framework on how bodies should recognize their revenues (Gross, McCarthy & Shelmon, 2010). In doing so, business entities must ensure that their reporting styles and methods conform to the regulations set by the Accounting Standard Board. Identification of the contract is the first step where a legal binding contract must be signed to define the nature of the relationship between the parties agreeing. Secondly, identification of the performance obligation in the deal is another step which concerns with the fulfilment of the elements of the contract.

Additionally, is determining transaction prices which is the focal point of the contract. It consists of variable consideration which ensures that services provide meet performance obligations of the agreement. Lastly, the allocation of prices to the performance obligations and recognizing revenue when each performance obligations are satisfied are also essential features in revenue recognition.

References

Alford, R. M., DiMattia, T. M., Hill, N. T., & Stevens, K. T. (2011). A series of revenue recognition research cases using the codification. Issues in Accounting Education Teaching Notes, 26(3), 64-76.

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, (2011). General accounting and auditing developments.

Ernst & Young. (2015). International GAAP: Generally accepted accounting practice under international financial reporting standards. London: LexisNexis.

Financial Accounting Standard Board, (2017) Revenue from Contracts with Customers Retrieved from https://asc.fasb.org/section&trid=49130394

Flood, J. M. (2017). Wiley Revenue Recognition Plus Website: Understanding and Implementing the New Standard.

Gross, M. J., McCarthy, J. H., & Shelmon, N. E. (2010). Financial and accounting guide for not-for-profit organizations. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.

McNellis, C. J. (2017). Dynamic divestitures: A codification exercise on the reporting of discontinued operations. Issues in Accounting Education, 33(1), 53-63.

Sargent, C. S. (2013). Find it, fix it, and thrive The impact of insisting on proficiency in prerequisite knowledge in intermediate accounting. Issues in Accounting Education, 28(3), 581-597.

Savage, A., Cerf, D. C., & Barra, R. A. (2013). Accounting for the public interest: A revenue recognition dilemma. Issues in Accounting Education, 28(3), 691-703.

Sedki, S. S., Smith, A., & Strickland, A. (2014). Differences and similarities between IFRS and GAAP on inventory, revenue recognition and consolidated financial statements. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 14(2), 120.

Achieving My Dream In Nursing School

My dream in nursing

My urge to help others is the dominant reason for me to become a professional nurse. My concerns about helping the society and its people makes me competent for nursing. I allure this profession and have always wanted to become a skilled nurse. I want to save lives, spread happiness and contribute to the wellness of society. Due to significant rise in population the demand for healthcare providers will increase and the industry will face shortage of capable nurses. I therefore believe in taking the role of a professional nurse for helping patients.

Apart from my personal liking, my education will also help me in getting admission in a nursing school. I have an associate degree in Chemistry which is essential for determining how to administer medicines and drugs to the patients. My knowledge in Chemistry will improve my competency in identifying what reactions medicines could have on patients. Knowledge of combinations will prevent me from committing errors in medications that is linked to patient’s wellness.

I am working as a science teacher in Georgia State University. Science experience makes me perfect fit for nursing that itself is a science focused on researching and practicing based on evidence. My experience of science will allow be to relate theories and concepts in practice such as by considering the internal and external factors of illness.

I really aspire to work for the people and leave make a positive impact. Some of my personality traits that encourage me to join nursing profession are compassion, empathy and cultural competency. My caring nature will help me in establishing effective relationship with the patients that will improve the outcomes of treatment. Cultural competency can also be seen as my visible strength that I can use to connect with patients and families.

Acting Resume

Mahmoud Odah

Film/Theater Actor

123 456 789Height/Weight

xyz@gmail.com

About me: I was born in Puerto Rico, raised in Columbia Latin America. Film acting and theater acting is the thing I want to do for the rest of my life. I'm very passionate about acting my goal is to be a myth actor like Tom Hardy, Tom Hanks, Jonah Hill, James Franco.

Theatre:

Merchant of VenicePrince of Aragon Fine and Performing Arts Center

Dir. Dr. Craig Rosen

Hair the Musical Tribe Fine and Performing Arts Center

Dir. Dr. Craig Rosen

Training:

Moraine Valley Community College

Acting Tier, I, II and III

Columbia College Hollywood, California

Junior Year

Acting

Special skills:

Driving manual, speak 3 languages, Spanish, Arabic, English,

Action Analysis On Hamlet By William Shakespeare

Action Analysis on Hamlet by William Shakespeare

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

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Shakespeare, often called the national poet of England, occupies a unique position in the world of literature and no writer’s reputation can compare to that of Shakespeare. He was considered as the greatest dramatist of all times and the plays he wrote in the early 16th and 17th centuries are now read and performed in almost every country of the world. Shakespeare loved to include violent and traumatizing scenes in his plays which had lasting effects on the audience. Hamlet is one of the celebrated tragic action plays and considered as Shakespeare's masterpiece. It is one major classic, also called the revenge play, where a person takes revenge from those who wronged him. The acts of the play are full of violent actions and bloodshed. In the play, Hamlet’s decisions accelerate the action of the drama and put all characters in a loop of tragedies. After knowing about his father’s murderer, he was bound to take decisive action and fueled the many ongoing conflicts in the play.

Actions start from within the mind of Hamlet and the conflicts that drive the plot of Hamlet are entirely eternal. Hamlet struggles with his doubts and uncertainties and is always in the state of thinking about revenge but his thoughts never supported his actions and he failed to act appropriately in many scenes of the play. His famous monologue in Act three “To be, or not to be”, is about his decision whether to act or not ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"f3nf4Q0F","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Shakespeare, 2010)","plainCitation":"(Shakespeare, 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":100,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/bWNXhCgk/items/ENJ27JWX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/bWNXhCgk/items/ENJ27JWX"],"itemData":{"id":100,"type":"book","title":"Hamlet","publisher":"Mizzou Publishing - The Mizzou Store","number-of-pages":"188","source":"Google Books","ISBN":"978-1-61600-218-3","note":"Google-Books-ID: UIhvvQEACAAJ","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Shakespeare","given":"William"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Shakespeare, 2010). But when he does act, he does not think of the controlled and purposeful ways of doing it, rather he prefers to do it blindly. However, the other characters think less about action and simply act upon things that are appropriate to them. Therefore, they are not affected by the results of their actions. They do not think rather they just do it. Thus, this play falls greatly under the category of action because every character, in one way or another is involved in some kind of action that becomes the reason for plot twist and acceleration.

Based on the action, this play has many prominent themes which can be thoroughly discussed and analyzed. For example, death is considered the primary theme of Hamlet by many distinguished critics throughout the years. The play revolves around death and one can observe that the plot of the play starts with the murder of Hamlet’s father who was the king of Denmark. Hamlet, like the play, is a death-obsessed person which means he wanted to kill all the people who contributed to his father’s death. However, Hamlet has a strange desire to die especially after his father’s death but at the same time, he fears it too. He is always in the state of planning a death plan for his uncle, Claudius, who according to Hamlet killed his father and is a murderer. He also arranges the death of two of the characters ‘Polonius and Ophelia’.

When Hamlet knew about the murderer of his father through the revelation from his father’s ghosts, he became active and determined to kill his uncle ‘Claudius’ who married his mother right after his father’s death. This marriage was more for a political purpose but Hamlet was not ready to accept this fact and did not think of putting the idea of revenge down. What matters to him was the message brought by the ghosts of his father. In such a madness Hamlet killed a man behind a curtain thinking of him as Claudius. This man called Polonius, was the father of his beloved Ophelia, whom he was madly in love with. Hamlet does not seem to forget his father and his tremendous grief is intensified by his mother's cold-hearted actions.

The memories of late father tortured him which resulted in him becoming a vengeful person. As in the play he praises his father, “So excellent a king, that was to this Hyperion to a satyr, so loving to my mother”. He thus develops a disgust for Claudius and all the people associated with him. Likewise, Polonius who was the garrulous Lord Chamberlain of Denmark and father of once-cherished Ophelia, was mistakenly killed by Hamlet because he saw him eavesdropping behind the curtains. The death of Polonius puts Ophelia under depression which Hamlet never wanted. She always wanted to be with Hamlet because she adored him a lot but the actions of Claudius and Gertrude have tainted Hamlet’s thoughts and feelings towards women. He saw his mother marrying his uncle and ruining all the love his father once showed to her.

All his love was dried up because of his mother and now he could not trust another woman and destroys Ophelia with his harsh behaviour and cruelty which was almost unbelievable. His rage was fueled by his mother’s betrayal. Thus, he constantly mistreated her and disrespected her which ultimately resulted in Ophelia's death. This kind of cold-hearted behaviour of Hamlet and her vulnerabilities compelled Ophelia to commit suicide by drowning which later gave rise to another revenge. Laertes, Ophelia's brother vows to take revenge for his sister's and father's death. When he came to know that Hamlet is the reason why his father and sister died, he stabs Hamlet with a poisoned blade but he failed in the attempt to kill him. He then wounds himself and died at the spot.

Since death is the cause of consecutive acts of revenge, it turns its way towards Gertrude, who drinks the poisoned wine and dies. All of this started from a desire to kill Claudius and went of sweeping away all the characters. Claudius knew that he has come under the rage of Hamlet and his cunning will not save him from death. There is no other way to escape than to face his revengeful behaviour but he did not miss any chance to kill Hamlet and poisoned a cup intended for him. Hamlet in full rage kills Claudius and pours the poison down his throat. After the death of Claudius, Hamlet undergoes in a strange state where he thinks of committing suicide. But the thought of it as morally legitimate action stops him doing so. He considers suicide as a way to escape from the things he did to take revenge. The lack of action on hamlet's side leads to his death t the end of the play.

The sheer number of dead bodies at the end of the play can be surprising but not unexpected. The death of eight primary characters did not clear the idea of mortality rather it presented revenge as an evil act of human behaviour. Death decided all their fate and nothing was left behind by the characters. It was just their life that mattered but now at the end, every character learned to bear with the uncertainties that come along with death.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Shakespeare, W. (2010). Hamlet. Mizzou Publishing - The Mizzou Store.

Action Research Project

Action Research Project

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Problem identification

Rapid globalization has pros and cons and it depends on individuals that which side they would focus. Globalization made interaction more important for diverse groups of people at the workplace. People from different backgrounds and cultures; when they work together at the same place, issues arise. Diversity is one of the leading problems that most of the organizations are facing. Diversity means people are different from each other on the basis of various factors i.e. cultures, language or history. Diversity among employees in organization is directly linked with employee’s performance. Conflicts and poor performance indicates cultural difference among the workers that influence their efficiency and impact the overall productivity. Diversity at workplace could be blamed for increasing the tendency of organization’s employees to indulge in personal conflicts.

Description of the organization

It is a pharmaceutical company where people of different gender, nationality, and cultures work together. This organization has become center of attention because of the diversity of the workforce. This company has earned a good reputation in the pharmaceutical industry and is giving tough time to its competitors by giving quality products with least rates.

Context of the problem

Workers who belong to different cultures, raise concerns regarding their national and cultural holidays. A worker who belonged to the popular culture could enjoy holidays on his/her cultural and religious festivals but those who are from unpopular cultures and countries were supposed to work even at their festivals. Mostly employees used to have a clash upon cultural and national matters that marks a boundary between them. Workplace diversity refers to the division of the work force into separate categories and results in several outcomes i.e. workplace treatment, job opportunities and promotion of the employees.

Problem recognition

The problem of internal conflict among the workers became obvious when human resource management was reported to, about mounting differences among the employees who are the main building blocks of the organization. For a couple of months, performance stats showed that the company was not doing well and there was a need to investigate and resolve the organizational problem. Disturbance among employees enforced management to call for a meeting. It was found that difference created due to diversity within an organization has become one of the main reasons of poor performance. Differences caused because of diversity can affect employees and organization in various ways. Negative impacts due to differences created by diversity include dysfunctional adaptation behaviors, barriers to understanding views of others and miscommunication, etc.

Diversity at workplace

Diversity at wokplace means employees working in an organizations belong to diverse groups. Age, sexual orientation, nationality, race, religion, gender difference, culture and ethnicity etc could be the common factors that draws a line a among the employees.

Organizational development strategy

A large number of organizational strategies and interventions are being formulated and presented so that internal conflicts because of the diversity could be resolved. Diversity of the workforce should be looked upon in detail i.e. difference in the race, culture, language, religion, sexual orientation and nationality etc. According to various studies, diversity gives rise to difference of opinion and other variables that affect the team spirit and development of unity (Roberson et al, 2019). Taking into account the problems, that arise because of the difference created due to diversity i.e. resistance to change in recruitment. Keeping the severity of the matter into consideration, a developmental strategy has been planned so that a healthy and friendly environment could be created in the organization.

Strategies for managing diversity

There are several structural principles focused on the dense patterns of the local interaction as it provides the basis for collective action and coordination. The biggest driver for managing the difference created due to diversity is to promote mutual understanding, cultural and communicative skills in a variety of employees who belong to a different culture, sex, age, and nationalities and use these employees as a tool for creating a friendly environment within the organization. Mutual understanding of the employees’ would not only help them in minimizing their difference but would also improve the products, policies and customer experiences.

One of the strategies that have been used by diversity executives is that employees from different places of belongings must understand the fact that they cannot grow in any professional atmosphere unless they come out of their comfort zone. According to Rodriguez, employees must be trained to be most welcoming for new things and experiences that they have never gone through before (Dang et al, 2019). The openness of mind is necessary as in an organization, it becomes important for them to come out of their box for knowing things that they may not be familiar with.

Reducing prejudices and breaking stereotypes is another major factor of the development strategy that helps in mitigating the differences among people working at the same place. Recognizing and accepting diversity is taken in a positive perspective that could work in creating a mutual understanding among those who believe that they are different and must hold opposing ideas. Recognition of diversity facilitates in educating employees to respect and value the fundamental differences among them.

Miscommunication could be looked upon as a major factor that hinders the building of friendly relations. Human resource management needs to arrange sessions for the employees where they could educate them on how to behave when they come across diverse people (López et al, 2019). According to Harold, HR management must train their employees. They must analyze one's experiences by listening, reading and reading about one’s experience regarding diverse people (Littlejohn et al, 2019). Different strategies and tactics have been used for mitigating the miscommunication. Attentive listening and asking questions if one did not understand others, could be used as tools for avoiding miscommunication among people.

Building a relationship with diverse people is important for resolving the issue that arises among the diverse people. It is the responsibility of HR management to have a check and balance. Seeking feedback from diverse people and evaluating it facilitates management informing strategies for promoting a healthy and cooperative relationship among employees. Analysis of how one is taking diversity also facilitates, as for changing and influencing the mindset of organization worker, understanding their ideology and conception regarding diversity is important.

People who are different from others must not be made to realize that they are someone foreign. They must not be treated as strangers, rather they must be welcomed as guests. Paying respect to those who are different could be looked upon as an ethical obligation. Differences must be respected as diversity is not something that should be criticized.

Resources

For resolving the chosen organizational problem, no material would be needed. Resources that would be used for reducing the difference due to diversity includes trainers and experts who would be having a session with the employees. Guidance and training of employees are crucial so that they could inform employees about the potential benefits and challenges if they fail to reduce differences among them due to diversity. Best trainers and members from management should team up for the team session, in which they could guide employees about how they must behave with each other. Employees must be made aware of the fact that for individual growth, they need to resolve their differences. Employees must realize their difference because their diversity would affect them. Lack of healthy relationship would have negative impacts on the overall productivity and turnover of the organization. Productivity and growth of employees are directly linked so trainers must educate employees for reducing or enrooting their differences because of diversity.

Timeline

The setting of the timeline is one of the difficult tasks when it comes to resolving an organizational problem. Timeline setting is important as it spots light on how well the organization is doing for mitigating the effects and factors that cast negative impacts on its overall performance. Differences and conflicts arise among the employees of the organization and this problem was identified in the first three months of this year. Identification of this organizational problem leads me towards the formulation of the strategies so that the problem could be catered. In a month, after the identification of the problem, strategies were planned and an action plan was prepared. The next three months (April-June) were the time of implementation of strategies. Proper planning was done for implementing the designed strategies. The next three months (July-October) included the time of evaluating the outcome achieved as a result of the implementation of the planned strategies. It could be said that the timeline was set quarterly.

Anticipated resistance

A change or solutions to the problem are hard to bring; likewise it becomes difficult to resolve the issues and differences created due to diversity. Several factors of resistance, change and in the identified organizational problem, multiple elements are amalgamated for posing anticipated resistance. Anticipated resistance in resolving the conflict and differences created due to diversity, constitutes elements like accommodation of beliefs, gender inequality, disabilities, ethnic difference, generation gap, lack of understanding and rejection of other's beliefs and ideologies.

Potential benefits

According to the research of different researchers and experts, it has been seen that diversity could be in any form such as age, religion, sexual orientation, nationality, and race, but reducing the conflicts created because of diversity works best in the favor of the organization. Mutual bonding develops among the workers who could be different from others that gives them the confidence of exchanging views with each other that would ultimately have positive effects on the overall work environment. Resolving issues created due to diversity helps in healthy communication. More openly, the employees are going to interact more than they would understand each other’s point of view.

The employee must resolve individual, group and gender differences to increase the productivity of the organization. Successful management of differences created due to diversity provides an equal opportunity for all the employees to put forth their ideas and suggestions. Provision of confidence is another potential benefit that could be promoted by reducing the difference among the workers. Elimination of the difference among the employees makes them more confident. Increased adaptability could be also looked upon as a potential benefit when the differences are reduced among the workers. Employees belonging to diverse backgrounds suggest the ideas that would be adaptable for all.

Evaluation approach

The evaluation approach is selected after identifying the organizational problem. Differences created due to diversity affect the overall productivity of the company. Keeping into consideration the obstacles, created due to diverse groups of people working in one organization. The outcome-based approach must be used for knowing whether the organizational problem has been enrooted to reduce. The outcome-based evaluation approach is based on contribution analysis. It includes additional reviews of experts and management. This approach measures the short term impact of the implementing programs. Evaluation gives the results on how well the program or the strategies worked in favor of the organization. The outcome-based approach also spots light on how a program or the strategy is being received and it also judges the changing attitude of the employees.

Several areas must be focused and monitored to evaluate the results of whether the organizational problem has been resolved or reduced. First of all, the authorities and human resource management must pay attention and judge the attitude of the employees. Monitoring of the employee’s behavior could be an important initiative to take for knowing differences due to diversity are reduced or not. Monitoring the productivity of the organization should be made a primary part of the evaluation. One of the factors that impact the productivity of the organization is the lack of understanding and difference among the employees. The productivity graph of the company shows a positive movement, it claims and points toward the bonding being developed among the people of diverse groups. If the turnover of the company increased after identifying and catering this organization problem, this means internal issues and difference of employees has been reduced to some extent. Higher turnover also points towards mutual corporation and healthy bonding among employees.

Retention of the employees must be monitored for knowing how well the management has catered the issue of conflicts due to diversity. It has generally been seen that when the employees are not happy or satisfied at a place, they do not stay for long as they find it difficult to adjust with the working environment of the company (Kraus et al, 2019). Retaining employees is a hard thing to do as per the experts. Effectiveness of the strategies for reducing the difference due to diversity could be measured by making a comparison of the retention rate (number of employees who used to leave jobs before and after the implementation of different reducing strategies). Impact based approach takes into account the result achieved after applying certain strategies. Complains registered to the human resource management also reflect the impact of the strategies being used for reducing the clashes among the employees who belong to diverse groups.

Conclusion

Taking a look at the above-mentioned discussion, it could be seen that organizations face various organizational problems and diversity and its related issues are one of the central issues. The issue of differences created due to diversity has been affecting the performance of the pharmaceutical company. Strategies have been made for catering to this organizational problem for which the timeline has also been set. Time was distributed for estimating how long each step would take. A number of issues arose because of the conflicts created due to diversity. The benefits of resolving this particular problem encourage the employee who belongs to a diverse group to reduce their internal conflicts so that their efficiency could be improved. The outcome-based approach has been selected for evaluating the strategies that showed how well the outcome could help in knowing how successful the strategies proved. So as a whole, it could be said that differences among the employees based on different elements (sexual orientation, age, ethnicity, nationality, religion, race, and culture, etc.), influence the way employees treat each other. It has been commonly witnessed that people with more similarity makes their group and negates ideology of other groups. To reduce the difference and elements that negativity impact diversity, authorities and human resource management must design policies and arrange sessions so that employees could be guided and encouraged for accepting diversity openly and look at the positive aspects.

References

Dang, K. B., Windhorst, W., Burkhard, B., & Müller, F. (2019). A Bayesian Belief Network-Based approach to link ecosystem functions with rice provisioning ecosystem services. Ecological Indicators, 100, 30-44.

Kraus, S., Schleich, M., Tröster, A., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2019). Cultural Diversity in Large Enterprises: A Qualitative Analysis from the Alpine Rhine Valley. Journal of Promotion Management, 25(5), 640-663.

Littlejohn, R. (2019). Leadership and Diversity Implementation. Effective and Creative Leadership in Diverse Workforces (pp. 43-64). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

López, D., Jaramillo, D. A., & Susaeta, D. (2019). Innovation in Corporate Organizational Culture: Diversity, Motivation and Organizational Pressure as Possible Realities.

Roberson, Q. M. (2019). Diversity in the workplace: A review, synthesis, and future research agenda. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 6, 69-88.

Active Empathic Listening

Active Empathic Listening

Active Empathic Listening

Empathetic listening is a way of responding and listening to another person in a way that improves trust and mutual understanding. It is a questioning and structured listening technique that allows a person to develop and improve the relationship with a stronger understanding of what is being conveyed both emotionally and intellectually. Bevan described empathic active listening as when the listener is fully focused and emotionally involved in a specific interaction. Being empathic means taking the perspective, thoughts, and feelings of another person before responding. I can use empathic active listening skills to help me improve my communication both in the workplace and in personal interaction. It helps to improve my working relationships and the ability to understand the task. This will help me to grow both personally and professionally.

Active listening is a very important skill that helps to improve management, communication, problem solving, and relationship within a workplace. Using nonverbal active listening skills such as smiling and making eye contact can help me to improve my communication skills in the workplace. Maintaining eye contact will avoid distraction and helps me to focus on conversation. A smile will improve interpersonal interactions by encouraging the speaker to effectively communicate the message. Most of the time my focus is on speaking instead of listening. I can change this habit by focusing completely on what the other person is saying. This, I can achieve by simply sitting down with my family members and giving them feedback on what I listen them saying. This will help me to focus on their words rather than responding. When we listen to understand, then we pay attention to the feelings and thoughts of another person. Active empathic listening provides us the tools to see the issue, understand its effect, and find a solution ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Floyd</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>398</RecNum><DisplayText>(Floyd, 2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>398</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1580461234">398</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Floyd, Kory</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Empathic listening as an expression of interpersonal affection</title><secondary-title>International Journal of Listening</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>International Journal of Listening</full-title></periodical><pages>1-12</pages><volume>28</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>1090-4018</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Floyd, 2014).

Response 1

Empathic active listening is important in communication. In empathic active listening, listener is fully focused and emotionally involved in a specific interaction. I agree with you that most people like to speak instead of listening. I am also like this and I am trying my best to change this habit by focusing on what other person is saying. No doubt, the speaker feels comfortable when they notice that the listener is engaged actively in the conversation. A few simple nods can be very helpful and show speakers that you are taking interest in talking. Similarly, a small smile can also encourage speakers to feel comfortable and shows that you agree with their message. My score was 52 out of 75. The feedback that is given to me helps me to know about skills that are necessary to become an active listener. This will enhance my active listening skills and working relationships which in turn helps me to grow both personally and professionally.

Response 2

The main role of the active empathic listener is to be kind, caring, and supportive. To build good interpersonal relations, we should listen carefully and without any judgment. Interrupt occasionally to show other person that we have understood what's being said. Active empathic listening allows a person to develop a relationship with a strong understanding of what is being conveyed both emotionally and intellectually. Therefore, we must pay attention to the person's emotional state, body language, and tone of voice. Emotional intelligence is very important in the workplace where business decisions and relationships often rely on teamwork, communication, and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, we must improve our skills of emotional intelligence. I scored less in avoiding interruptions and organizing information, therefore, I need to listen with full concentration and organize the ideas of speakers before expecting them to summarize for me.

References

ADDIN EN.REFLIST Floyd, K. (2014). Empathic listening as an expression of interpersonal affection. International Journal of Listening, 28(1), 1-12.

Activity 5

Activity 5

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Where do you think you belong?

History shows that there are people who earned the title of great achievers by developing certain characteristics in them. Central element that helped them in earning this title was good management. Managing oneself along with polished talents works best in their favour. This fact cannot be denied that managing oneself is only the factor that brings one closer to the set goals. Knowing from where one belongs to, helps in defining his/her destination (Drucker et al, 2008). Goals are identified and achieved only when one comes to know the place he/she belongs to. Knowing about the place one belongs to helps in transforming a person. An ordinary person could be transformed into an extraordinary person only when one comes to know about the place where they belong at. A performer turns into an outstanding performer only by hard work and competence. Like musicians, mathematicians, scientists and other career holders, I came to know about my sense of belonging in my teenage years. By identifying of my place of belonging helped me a lot in knowing about my destination. It also showed me a way to move towards my future goals (Schermerhorn Jr et al, 2019). It is my belief that one comes across many hardships while trying to find a place to belong to but over time factors such as my strengths, performances and my values led me onto the right path. My strengths and values guided me best in knowing who I am and where I belong to.

Another thing that helped me in knowing myself and my belonging is the art of exploring my weakness. In my early teens and during my courses, I came to know about things and offers I must refuse to take. Saying no to things that do not suit me helped in bringing me closer to achieving the things that I wanted in my life. The time, I learned to say no to things that were not of my taste, I started knowing more about myself. It helped me in knowing what I am good at. Other factors that assisted me in knowing more includes my beliefs, values and communication skills. From the early days of my academic life, I came to know about my ambition of earning a good name in the global business as a manager. I wanted to be a manager at a global multinational company. With time, I came to know that I am good at managing things. For a successful career, it is important to know the place I feel a sense of belonging to, as it helps in defining the tracks that takes one towards the actual destination that one dreams of. I would be able to avail opportunities only when I would come to know about my strengths. Keeping in consideration my choices that I made till date, I came to know that I would set a good example in a multicultural global business that would have operations in different parts of the world.

What is critical for you to be an outstanding manager in the multicultural environment?

Knowing about belonging is important for tracking a good career in life, but sometimes a few factors hinder our way. For becoming an outstanding manager, I would identify the strengths firstly, that would help me in managing things at the workplace. Another important thing is to keep in consideration, my growth as a manager in company. I would make a list of things I would be doing and avoiding. I would observe my current actions in light of my desired goals. After some time I would make a comparison, whether the things that I planned to achieve happened on time or not. Making a comparison would be essential for me, in order to be an outstanding manager. Comparison of growth at multinational global business would suggest whether to change my strategy of working or stick to it. For becoming an exceptional manager in a multicultural organization, I would take feedback of the people whom I would be managing. Feedback would depict how well I am doing as a manager and how efficiently I am adjusting my workers as per their expertise.

For effective working in a multinational organization as manager, it is important to have a commonality with the organization’s values (Stewart et al, 2019). I never expect any organization to have the same values as me but I expect, the organization would be having a close relationship with my values. Conflict between my beliefs and values of organization would detract me in performing my duties. Contribution would be another important tool in managing things at the multinational organization (Theodoulides et al, 2019). Strength and evaluation of my performance both are critical to manage culturally diverse organization. Managing requires taking responsibilities for relationships (Kostova et al, 2018). For becoming a good manager, I need to understand the fact that other people working in an organization are human too having their capacities, skills, values and ways of doing things. For increasing productivity of my co-workers, it would be important for me to know my co-workers and this I could do only by building a good relationship with them. For becoming an effective and outstanding manager, I would like to know more about strengths, values, mode of working and interests of my co-workers. Developing healthy communication is another factor that would help me in becoming good manager at a multinational organization (Bauman et al, 2018). Communication becomes a central factor to be focused when culturally diverse people work at same place, as it helps in bringing people closer to each other.

References:

Bauman, A. A., & Shcherbina, N. V. (2018). Millennials, technology, and cross-cultural communication. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 18(3).

Drucker, P. F. (2008). Managing oneself. Harvard Business Review Press.

Schermerhorn Jr, J. R., Davidson, P., Woods, P., Factor, A., Junaid, F., & McBarron, E. (2019). Management. John Wiley & Sons.

Stewart, G. L., & Brown, K. G. (2019). Human resource management. Wiley.

Theodoulides, L., Kormancová, G., & Cole, D. (2019). Leading in the Age of Innovations: Change of Values and Approaches. Routledge.

Kostova, T., Nell, P. C., & Hoenen, A. K. (2018). Understanding agency problems in headquarters-subsidiary relationships in multinational corporations: A contextualized model. Journal of Management, 44(7), 2611-2637.

Addiction & Treatment

Addiction and Treatment

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Addiction and Treatment

There is a variety of programs that are available to treat any kind of addiction whether the addiction is related to drugs, alcohol or even internet. Due to the varios options available it can be hard to find the best program according to the needs of the individuals. Choosing the right treatment plan is quite important because the right program will make it easier to return to normal life. Before going for any treatment plan it is important to determine the treatment goals that what is the substance or the addiction the individual needs to recover from ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"zHkLHTba","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}How Do I Choose the Right Rehab? - AddictionCenter,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“How Do I Choose the Right Rehab? - AddictionCenter,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1423,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/9ZPU69WX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/9ZPU69WX"],"itemData":{"id":1423,"type":"webpage","title":"How Do I Choose the Right Rehab? - AddictionCenter","URL":"https://www.addictioncenter.com/rehab-questions/choose-right-rehab/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“How Do I Choose the Right Rehab? - AddictionCenter,” n.d.). Once it is identified then the next step is to determine if there are other underlying issues including dual diagnosis or other medical conditions, which you or the patient wants to treat. Then it is important to figure out what the success of the treatment is for you. Is the goal is to get through detox and remain sober for 30 days? Is six months of sobriety a success? the goals of the treatment plan are only determined by the patient or the family. Once all these are determined then the best way is to consult a treatment professional and to find out a facility that would match best with your treatment goals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Eq6XOYxO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Finding the Right Addiction Treatment Facility,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Finding the Right Addiction Treatment Facility,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1425,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/BRKXE9W4"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/BRKXE9W4"],"itemData":{"id":1425,"type":"webpage","title":"Finding the Right Addiction Treatment Facility","URL":"https://luxury.rehabs.com/drug-addiction/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Finding the Right Addiction Treatment Facility,” n.d.). These professionals can be helpful in recommending the best treatment plan without getting stuck in other irrelevant treatment plans that are available.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Finding the Right Addiction Treatment Facility. (n.d.). Retrieved April 10, 2019, from https://luxury.rehabs.com/drug-addiction/

How Do I Choose the Right Rehab? - AddictionCenter. (n.d.). Retrieved April 10, 2019, from https://www.addictioncenter.com/rehab-questions/choose-right-rehab/

Addiction Or Option

Diamond Briggs

Instructor Name

Art 101

27 November 2019

Drugs - Addiction or an Option

The principle challenges that healthcare departments facing nowadays are mental health issues and drug abuse. Major community issues are depression, anxiety, and stress. People living in low socioeconomic status are additionally involved in drug abuse. People suffering from depression and stress-related disorders usually develop a feeling of loneliness and which compels them to adapt drugs. Patients suffering from mental health issues are prescribed to use anti-depressants and the use of anti-depressants made them addict with time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a7b9m5a9gi","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schepis et al.)","plainCitation":"(Schepis et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":505,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"itemData":{"id":505,"type":"article-journal","title":"Prescription drug use, misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by educational status and attainment in US adolescents and young adults","container-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence","page":"172-177","volume":"189","author":[{"family":"Schepis","given":"Ty S."},{"family":"Teter","given":"Christian J."},{"family":"McCabe","given":"Sean Esteban"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schepis et al.). Drugs usually work like anti-depressants and help individuals to escape from problems and challenges of life. Drug abuse is initiated when individuals start taking higher doses of drugs which compel them to consume more for pleasure. Various studies have shown that individual interviews were conducted which evaluated that persons consume drugs for pleasure, enjoyment, and excitement. Consumption of drugs and its regular use causes brain dysfunction and damage to the nervous system which initiates addiction. Drug use and additional doses of these drugs force their systems to use more drugs with higher doses every time. Availability and accessibility of drugs in the market, pharmacies, and healthcare centers are contributing to the continuous upsurge in drug abuse ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a26ah899vcu","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Segal et al.)","plainCitation":"(Segal et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":500,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/KYZTAAN8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/KYZTAAN8"],"itemData":{"id":500,"type":"book","title":"Drugs, daydreaming, and personality: A study of college youth","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"1-351-25457-X","author":[{"family":"Segal","given":"Bernard"},{"family":"Huba","given":"George J."},{"family":"Singer","given":"Jerome L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Segal et al.). Directly or indirectly they are involved in the increasing demand for drugs.

Major health problems in college and university going students have mental health problems such as academic issues, disciplinary policies, and failures in life compel them to adapt to impaired behaviors. College going students and the environment of universities and colleges along with accessibility to drugs can cause serious damage to the health of the young generation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"aageggcfbu","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schepis et al.)","plainCitation":"(Schepis et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":505,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"itemData":{"id":505,"type":"article-journal","title":"Prescription drug use, misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by educational status and attainment in US adolescents and young adults","container-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence","page":"172-177","volume":"189","author":[{"family":"Schepis","given":"Ty S."},{"family":"Teter","given":"Christian J."},{"family":"McCabe","given":"Sean Esteban"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schepis et al.). This paper will analyze using different reviews from the literature that how drugs and its consumption are associated with individuals, is it an addiction or an option for individuals. The word drug not only label medicine, but deadly narcotics with diverse specifications. These medications have strong bad effects on the brain and body cells of the persons. Drug addiction, generally known as substance abuse, it is a disorder that disturbs a person's mind and behavior and results in failure to control the habit of a permitted or prohibited drug or medication. Frequent use of drugs can cause serious damage to the brain and addiction. Life of addicts converts into destruction, as they lose interaction with their family and start living in a different world.

Alcohol, nicotine, marijuana and those substances that are being used as self-relief are also drugs. Self-treatment medications such as pain relievers, opioids and other related classes of medicines are all included in drugs. When a person becomes addicted, they may keep on consuming the drug and frequently drug dose increases. Individuals suffering from addiction by a process in which brain and nervous system case the systems to allure more drugs and subsequently higher doses with time. Medical practitioners often recommend pain relievers to patients suffering from chronic pain however, they know that these medications can cause addiction.

Drug addiction initially begins with the experimental exercise of an entertaining drug in social gatherings, and with time the drug use converts into a habit. For most people, drugs are a source of enjoyment, pleasure, and excitement. Drugs mainly opioids, are the medicines recommended to treat chronic pain. Drug addiction starts with experience to suggested prescriptions or getting medications from an acquaintance or family member who has been recommended the medication ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2hv1i6oube","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schepis et al.)","plainCitation":"(Schepis et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":505,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"itemData":{"id":505,"type":"article-journal","title":"Prescription drug use, misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by educational status and attainment in US adolescents and young adults","container-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence","page":"172-177","volume":"189","author":[{"family":"Schepis","given":"Ty S."},{"family":"Teter","given":"Christian J."},{"family":"McCabe","given":"Sean Esteban"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schepis et al.). Use of medications helps individuals to escape from pain, sufferings, and anxiety however, with time it converted into addiction because higher doses of drug use cause serious brain dysfunction.

The period of addiction and how quickly individuals become addicted depends on the drug persons are consuming and how often they use drugs. Few drugs, like opioid painkillers, cause addiction more rapidly as compared to other drugs and medications. Because they are prepared with ingredients that relive systems of the body through blocking pain receptors ultimately result in a relaxed and stress-free state ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1ooljfc18c","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schepis et al.)","plainCitation":"(Schepis et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":505,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"itemData":{"id":505,"type":"article-journal","title":"Prescription drug use, misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by educational status and attainment in US adolescents and young adults","container-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence","page":"172-177","volume":"189","author":[{"family":"Schepis","given":"Ty S."},{"family":"Teter","given":"Christian J."},{"family":"McCabe","given":"Sean Esteban"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schepis et al.). To achieve this state, individuals most often use these drugs to relieve their pain. School and college going adults use this medication as an option because they want to enjoy and these medications help them in getting pleasure and feeling of joy.

With time, individuals may want larger quantities of the drug to acquire more satisfaction and gratification ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a12uvfsqp71","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schepis et al.)","plainCitation":"(Schepis et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":505,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"itemData":{"id":505,"type":"article-journal","title":"Prescription drug use, misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by educational status and attainment in US adolescents and young adults","container-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence","page":"172-177","volume":"189","author":[{"family":"Schepis","given":"Ty S."},{"family":"Teter","given":"Christian J."},{"family":"McCabe","given":"Sean Esteban"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schepis et al.). Soon they need the drug just to feel fully comfortable and relaxed because their brain and nervous system stop reacting to pain receptors ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"skV7r4ya","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kampman and Jarvis)","plainCitation":"(Kampman and Jarvis)"},"citationItems":[{"id":654,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/P9JGQQDG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/P9JGQQDG"],"itemData":{"id":654,"type":"article-journal","title":"American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) national practice guideline for the use of medications in the treatment of addiction involving opioid use","container-title":"Journal of addiction medicine","page":"358","volume":"9","issue":"5","author":[{"family":"Kampman","given":"Kyle"},{"family":"Jarvis","given":"Margaret"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kampman and Jarvis). As drug dosage increases, individuals feel that it is gradually becoming difficult for them to avoid the medications and drugs or spend time without it. Attempts to avoid drug habit or addiction may cause extreme cravings and create physical illness ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"cKBdxIWk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Volkow et al.)","plainCitation":"(Volkow et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":649,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/UTHDZI52"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/UTHDZI52"],"itemData":{"id":649,"type":"article-journal","title":"Medication development in opioid addiction: meaningful clinical end points","container-title":"Science translational medicine","page":"eaan2595","volume":"10","issue":"434","author":[{"family":"Volkow","given":"Nora D."},{"family":"Woodcock","given":"Janet"},{"family":"Compton","given":"Wilson M."},{"family":"Throckmorton","given":"Douglas C."},{"family":"Skolnick","given":"Phil"},{"family":"Hertz","given":"Sharon"},{"family":"Wargo","given":"Eric M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Volkow et al.). It has been reported in various studies that drugs can cause serious illnesses of mental health. Conditions of stress and anxiety increase with the use of higher doses of drugs and medications ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"alubaf6asb","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schepis et al.)","plainCitation":"(Schepis et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":505,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"itemData":{"id":505,"type":"article-journal","title":"Prescription drug use, misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by educational status and attainment in US adolescents and young adults","container-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence","page":"172-177","volume":"189","author":[{"family":"Schepis","given":"Ty S."},{"family":"Teter","given":"Christian J."},{"family":"McCabe","given":"Sean Esteban"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schepis et al.). Physicians often recommend drugs to relive pain however, with the time individuals use it as self-treatment and result in addiction to drugs.

Numerous drugs, including cannabinoids, alcohol, opioids, and nicotine, can change the pathway of the release of stimulus that controls pain and anxiety. The release of endocannabinoids in our brain causes brain and nervous system dysfunction ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"asfkv04o4f","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kampman and Jarvis)","plainCitation":"(Kampman and Jarvis)"},"citationItems":[{"id":654,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/P9JGQQDG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/P9JGQQDG"],"itemData":{"id":654,"type":"article-journal","title":"American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) national practice guideline for the use of medications in the treatment of addiction involving opioid use","container-title":"Journal of addiction medicine","page":"358","volume":"9","issue":"5","author":[{"family":"Kampman","given":"Kyle"},{"family":"Jarvis","given":"Margaret"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kampman and Jarvis). Recent studies have demonstrated that the level and quantity of endocannabinoids in our ventral tegmental part affect the reward features of dopamine. This can reduce the reward-related properties of dopamine and therefore it is an important neurobiological mechanism that causes drug addiction. Endocannabinoid arrangement and mechanisms are involved to perform pain management and drug-related regulations, changes in the endocannabinoid arrangement are involved in drug-seeking actions that force the body to consume more drugs with higher doses every time. Frequent use of drugs can cause brain receptors to diminish their activities with time. The results of drug use with higher doses can cause serious behavioral changes in the body. The availability of drugs in the market is significantly associated with the use of drugs in individuals.

Conclusion

Drug use is associated with the onset of addiction by a process in which drugs cause such changes in the brain receptors that induce tolerance and frequent use of drugs forces individuals to consume more drugs to get the same pleasing effects. Opioids are significantly reported to cause such changes in the body that strongly affect the brain and its receptors to stop reacting and responding to lower doses of drugs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"beq5VhUo","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schepis et al.)","plainCitation":"(Schepis et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":505,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/6ZXNI9CG"],"itemData":{"id":505,"type":"article-journal","title":"Prescription drug use, misuse and related substance use disorder symptoms vary by educational status and attainment in US adolescents and young adults","container-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence","page":"172-177","volume":"189","author":[{"family":"Schepis","given":"Ty S."},{"family":"Teter","given":"Christian J."},{"family":"McCabe","given":"Sean Esteban"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schepis et al.). Higher doses are associated to cause these changes in the brain and nervous system. The necessity for the body to consume drugs with higher doses increases over time. Frequent use of drugs has been evaluated to produce, tolerance, sensitization, addiction and craving in individuals. It has also been observed in individuals that drugs cause changes in the neurobiological process that are involved in controlling and managing stress and depression ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"DtFmXPWO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Segal et al.)","plainCitation":"(Segal et al.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":500,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/KYZTAAN8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/KYZTAAN8"],"itemData":{"id":500,"type":"book","title":"Drugs, daydreaming, and personality: A study of college youth","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"1-351-25457-X","author":[{"family":"Segal","given":"Bernard"},{"family":"Huba","given":"George J."},{"family":"Singer","given":"Jerome L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Segal et al.). With the use of higher doses of drugs craving and anxiety increase. Frequent drug usage arises due to the drug's neurochemical activities that yield positive fortifying effects, gradually lead to neurobiological variations in our brain reward circuits and actions. These actions are specific to addiction that cause sensitization, tolerance, dependence, craving, and withdrawal becomes difficult.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Kampman, Kyle, and Margaret Jarvis. “American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) National Practice Guideline for the Use of Medications in the Treatment of Addiction Involving Opioid Use.” Journal of Addiction Medicine, vol. 9, no. 5, 2015, p. 358.

Schepis, Ty S., et al. “Prescription Drug Use, Misuse and Related Substance Use Disorder Symptoms Vary by Educational Status and Attainment in US Adolescents and Young Adults.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 189, 2018, pp. 172–77.

Segal, Bernard, et al. Drugs, Daydreaming, and Personality: A Study of College Youth. Routledge, 2018.

Volkow, Nora D., et al. “Medication Development in Opioid Addiction: Meaningful Clinical End Points.” Science Translational Medicine, vol. 10, no. 434, 2018, p. eaan2595.

Addictions And Treatment.

Addictions and Treatment

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Addictions and Treatment

Addiction is a disease which is usually characterised by drug seeking and its uses which are uncontrollable despite knowing the harmful results of the drug use. Although it is true that the initial decision of using drugs is the person own personal choice but due to the continuous use of drugs a person unintentionally becomes dependent on the drug. In order to produce the same sensations in the body they have to increase the dose, and eventually, they become addicted to the drugs. Many people try to get rid of this addiction, but it is not always an easy journey. Many factors contribute towards successful recovery from drugs proper counselling, family support, social life and also culture plays an important role here. But it also majorly depends on the person's will to give up on drugs, and in most of the cases if the above factors are actively involved and the person is also determined to recover from drug addiction, then it is possible. The one concern about recovery from addiction is that it is a brain disease that means that it requires ongoing care management. It is a lifelong commitment which does not come easy every time. Along with that, it is also noteworthy that there is no proper cure for addiction. The places and people who are available to deal with addiction can only provide suitable tools to manage it, afterwards it is in the addict’s hands to sustain the journey with a positive attitude. Even if the person thinks that he/she has fully recovered from addiction even then, it is important to remember that there are high chances of relapse when the person can feel the temptation to use it again and fall for it again. So that means that this is an ongoing journey and it is never fully cured (Matthews et al., 2017) ADDIN ZOTERO_TEMP . From this discussion, it is safe to say that addiction is a complicated thing and the recovery from it is not possible in the majority of cases even if the person claims to recover from it then there are high chances of relapse.

References

Matthews, S., Dwyer, R., & Snoek, A. (2017). Stigma and self-stigma in addiction. Journal of bioethical inquiry, 14(2), 275-286.

Additional Pages

Adidas: Will Restructing Its Business Lineup Allow It To Catch Nike?

Cover Sheet

Adidas: will restricting its business lineup allow it to catch Nike?

Background Summary

Adidas and Nike are the dominant brands that remained at the forefront of sporting goods for decades. The brands have been engaged in a battle for attaining supremacy and wider market shares. The incessant battle between the two rivals is still existent in the modern era. The 100 Global Brand Report of 2017 reveals that Nike is ranked as number 18 while Adidas is at 55. Adidas is a German based company that was founded in 1924 that expanded its business with time. The company is producing over 900 million sports products. The sales generated in 2017 were 19.2 billion Euros. However, its competitor, Nike generated better revenues of $34.4 billion CITATION Jos18 \l 1033 (Warner, 2018).

Problem identification

Nike has managed to obtain wider market shares that threaten the position of Adidas. The later has been struggling to catch up with Nike’s success. Nike is one of the biggest sports manufacturers of the United States that captures 60 percent of the market shares. Adidas has managed to grab only 4.4 percent of the shares in the US market. Outside America, Adidas is enjoying recognizable position, but in Europe the duo is neck-and-neck. Nike's dominance in the world's significant market gives it a sharp edge over Adidas. Adidas face challenges to bridge the gap in the sportswear and footwear. The global victory of Adidas is dependent on its performance in the US. Its rival has a runaway success in the last five years thus allowing it become the world's biggest sportswear company. The revenues of Nike increased by $30.6 billion in 2015. Profits of Nike raised at the rate of double digits, leaving little room for Adidas. The comparison of the two rivals depicts that Adidas needs to adopt a better business strategy that could add sales at a brisk rate and improve its shares in the American sports market CITATION FT18 \l 1033 (FT, 2018).

Internal factors and external factors

Industry analysis of Adidas depicts that the company has around 100 subsidiaries in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The Adidas Salomon Group sell produces under six brands including; Adidas, Bonfire, Erima, Mavic, Salomon, and TaylorMade. Sporting goods and equipment are sold under the categories of apparel, sporting goods, and athletic footwear. The industry analysis indicates that the company has suffered for the last five years. Fluctuations of the global economy have influenced sales. The sales declined more in 2017. The market shares of the company declined by 2.7 percent. However, the revenues of Nike improved more in 2018 as the company managed to grab more shares resulting in an increase of shares by 9 percent. The third-quarter sales of Adidas increased by 8 percent to 5.873 that were less than the forecasted sales CITATION Adi17 \l 1033 (Adidas, 2017).

The comparative analysis of the two rivals indicates that Nike is enjoying a competitive advantage over Adidas, based on the last five years of comparison. The financial statement of Adidas depicts the company generated a net income of 1.1% in 2017 compared to Nike's 4.4%. This indicates that Nike has a sharp edge over Adidas. The revenues generated by Adidas are 21.1 billion Euro compared to $34.4 billion of Nike CITATION Adi17 \l 1033 (Adidas, 2017).

Adidas

2015

2016

2017

Revenue

16.9

18.5

21.1

Gross margin

48.3

49

50

Net income

0.6

1

1.1

Dividend (Euro)

1

1.6

2.6

Nike

2015

2016

2017

Revenue

30.6

32.4

34.4

Gross margin

46

46.2

44.6

Net income

3.3

3.8

4.2

Dividend (Dollar)

0.54

0.62

0.7

The SWOT analysis provides details of the company's strengths and weaknesses. Adidas aimed at addressing the social factors by offering products for all age groups. The production of diversified products is a prominent strength of the company. A varied range of products for all income groups is an effective strategy for gaining more customers. The company has a strong financial position and operates around 2400 stores across the world. The effective distribution system of the company has allowed it to sell products through different channels such as online selling. Online existence of the company is a prominent strength because it provides company access to different geographical locations. Aggressive marketing through different platforms such as celebrity endorsement, TV ads, and social media networks builds a strong relationship between Adidas and customers. Various collaborations such as association with the International Labor Organization and International Finance Corporations are aimed at business sustainability CITATION Wee16 \l 1033 (Ranjan, 2016).

Adidas has some weaknesses that include high prices due to the integration of innovative technology and production methods. The company is not addressing the needs of lower-income groups. The company is relying on outsourcing methods because 93% of the products are outsourced to the third-party. This is a strategy for availing low labor costs and easy access to resources. The company faces the risks of over dependency specifically in Asian markets. Compared to Nike, Adidas is only offering a limited product line to the consumers CITATION Hus15 \l 1033 (Mahdi, Abbas, & Mazar, 2015).

Adidas has future opportunities that will allow the company to expand its business and improve sales. The product development must focus on addressing customer’s needs and preferences. Due to changes in lifestyle patterns, an increase in education and incomes the demands for premium goods will increase in the future. Adidas can enter into new markets that offer better business opportunities having a high demand for sports goods. Developing a different range of products by emphasizing on product-line expansion will be an effective way of capturing wider buyers CITATION Wee16 \l 1033 (Ranjan, 2016).

The company faces threats due to the strong position of its competitors. Nike is giving tough time to Adidas in American, European and Asian markets. Nike is the top brand in sports apparel and footwear. The highest shares in the American markets are also acquired by Nike. Supplies enjoy more bargaining power because most of the company’s products are outsources. Strict government regulations in China poses significant challenges for Adidas because it manufactures 35% of its products in the Chinese market CITATION Hus15 \l 1033 (Mahdi, Abbas, & Mazar, 2015).

Analysis

The overall analysis indicates that Adidas is the second-best seller of the sportswear in the world. The company is facing fierce rivalry from its biggest competitor Nike. The rival is grabbing high revenues and market shares due to its effective business strategy. Nike has been involved in aggressive marketing and relies on emotional branding that increased its customers. Adidas needs to incorporate strategic changes and reconsider its business goals. The online existence of Nike is better than the Adidas. Adidas lacks a relationship management system for facilitating recorder on online selling. Its high dependence on external partners for logistics and manufacturing has provided better growth opportunities to Nike. Adidas is spending more money on logistics each year that exhibits the need for building an in-house system CITATION Wee16 \l 1033 (Ranjan, 2016).

Alternative solutions

Adidas needs to conduct market research for understanding consumer needs and preferences in different regions. The company must transform or diversify the products for capturing more customers. The needs of customers in Asian markets may be different from the European or US market. Market segmentation is another tool for identifying future business opportunities. Considering Nike’s strategies such as selling emotional benefits of the product will persuade consumers. Adidas can utilize the same concept of emotional branding for influencing consumers. The strategy focuses on telling stories of popular people’s struggles and perseverance. The story involves a popular star, athlete or ordinary people. This encourages people to use their strengths for overcoming weaknesses CITATION Jos18 \l 1033 (Warner, 2018).

The company can adopt a backward integration strategy for securing its patent rights in research and development projects. This strategy aims at forming mergers will suppliers the method will be useful for attaining efficiency in operations and managing costs. This is a practical method that is employed for helping the company bottom line. Relying on fast distribution systems controls costs. This will allow Adidas to gain access to the value chain and gain direct access to the materials when required. Backward integration will also permit Adidas to secure its patent rights and integrate into research and development. It is investing in technology such as smart sportswear is a future strategy for competing with Nike. The company will address the need of future generations by producing innovative products CITATION Hus15 \l 1033 (Mahdi, Abbas, & Mazar, 2015).

Recommendations

Adidas provides limited products to the customers that depict the scope for product line expansion. By creating more products such as for women, kids, males, older people and youth, the company will be addressing the individual needs of all people CITATION Hus15 \l 1033 (Mahdi, Abbas, & Mazar, 2015).

By investing in marketing the company can increase its sales. Nike is involved in aggressive marketing that creates more demand for its products. So, Adidas can revise its marketing strategy. Adidas endorse less famous stars compared to Nike so it can sponsor more popular athletes for building an emotional connection.

Investing in online resources will allow the company to manage its selling activities more efficiently.

Expanding business in Asian markets and UAE will create more sales.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adidas. (2017). Annual Report. Adidas.

FT. (2018). Adidas struggles to catch up with Nike's runaway success. Retrieved 02 10, 2019, from https://www.ft.com/content/bf86344a-3c9a-11e5-bbd1-b37bc06f590c

Mahdi, H. A., Abbas, M., & Mazar, T. I. (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Strategies and Business Models of Nike, Inc. and Adidas Group with special reference to Competitive Advantage in the context of a Dynamic and Competitive Environment. International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research, 6 (3), 167-177.

Ranjan, W. (2016). A STUDY OF ANALYSING STRATEGIC CHANGERS AND ORGANISATION ENVIRONMENT IN ADIDAS INC ORGANISATION. North Asian International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary, 2 (6).

Warner, J. (2018). The battle for sporting goods supremacy: Nike vs. Adidas. Retrieved 02 10, 2019, from https://www.ig.com/au/news-and-trade-ideas/shares-news/the-battle-for-sporting-goods-supremacy--nike-vs-adidas-180329

Adimission Essay

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

UI/UX Design (Interaction Design)

The world of technology is advancing at a very fast pace; so fast that a number of unbelievable tasks are achieved in a blink of an eye. There are a number of fields which have benefitted from this advancement of computers and softwares. Prominent fields in this respect are web designing, graphic designing, and app development. Due to all this progress, one of the major areas that are rising very speedily in the global spheres of graphic designing is the interaction design, which is all about reshaping the digital experience of the customer and the end-user.

I have always been deeply interested in working with computers and various softwares and because of that, I have developed an interest in graphic designing. Usually, UI and UX designers belong to all walks of life and it does not specifically refer to what exactly their background is. Hence, I feel that the area of graphic designing, graphic designing and app development will prove to be very fruitful for me. I have chosen the Art Center to pursue my degree in the area of graphic designing due to multiple reasons.

The first and foremost reason is its rich history, in terms of, academics and culture. In addition to this, I am deeply inspired by the diverse number and range of courses that this magnificent institute is offering. Art Center provides an opportunity for its incumbents to choose from a wide range of courses, like graphic design, entertainment design, transportation design, media design, industrial design and many more. Another factor that convinced me to apply in this top-notch designing institute is its promising career stability. The students who have graduated from Art Center have never failed to nail a good and promising job opportunity, and are currently enjoying a secure and stable career in renowned companies like Apple, Google, Microsoft and IDEO.

Coming towards personal capacity, I feel intrigued by a number of projects of Interaction Design. Most of these projects include apps developed for smartphones and the web designs that have been created for various websites. I am, also looking forward to pursue my career in both these areas. My main focus will be on excelling in graphic designing and I Intend to create different web designs and pages for well-known companies like Apple and Microsoft, once I graduate from Art Center.

Considering the progress and innovation in the area of UI and UX, I feel that there will be a disruptive innovation in both these fields. It will create a new and improved market and a value network that will eliminate or disrupt the already existing market and bring a lot of new things in the market. Some of the very helpful innovations that are currently ruling the world of Interactive design are the humanized versions of forms and multiple communication softwares and apps. The humanized version of forms has been designed keeping in mind the ease and facilitation of the masses. Moreover, Interactive Design has also given rise to video calling and multiple features in it. Both these areas are still under great development and great changes are expected in it in the near future.

Hence, given all the above details, I am highly positive that my application for admission to your prestigious graphic design institute, Art Center, will bring back positive news, and I will not be disappointed. I am very much hopeful that I will prove to be a bright student for this institute and after graduating from here with flying colors, I will prove to be an extremely valuable asset for some progressive organization.

Administration In Health Care Services

Administration in Healthcare Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administration in Healthcare Services

Healthcare has always been my favorite subject and I have always taken great interest in it. I always wanted to pursue a degree in healthcare-related field and study the subject in depth. This is why I got a chance to study about healthcare in-depth in my undergraduate level. One of my most favorite courses at this level is/was “Administration in Healthcare Services”. I found this course extremely interesting as well as beneficial for me as it is laden with the knowledge that how things in healthcare sector work (Weller, Boyd, & Cumin, 2014). The best thing that I found about this course is that you learn many skills that help in managing different affairs related to healthcare and medical field.

Although, the subject is full of many intriguing topics the most compelling topic, in my opinion, was the Decision-making Process. This topic allowed us to develop the skills of making workable and smart decisions, even in the most stressful situations. Another very positive aspect that I found about this subject was the open discussion sessions. These discussion sessions helped us a lot in developing the understanding about the area of healthcare in terms of the problems that could possibly arise in this field and how to find a solution to them. Moreover, these discussions also allowed us to know the perspective of other students regarding different topics, which was very informative (Thibaut, 2017).

In the end, I don’t feel that anything is still unclear or unclarified in my mind regarding this course, as the topics in the course were very self-explanatory. In addition to this, our instructor also went out of the way and made a tremendous effort to teach us. The methods adopted by our instructor were exemplary and nothing better could have been done to inculcate the information in our minds regarding the administration and management of services in the area of healthcare.

References

Thibaut, J. W. (2017). The social psychology of groups. Routledge.

Weller, J., Boyd, M., & Cumin, D. (2014). Teams, tribes, and patient safety: overcoming barriers to effective teamwork in healthcare. Postgraduate medical journal, 90(1061), 149-154.

Administration In Health Care Services

Administration in Healthcare Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administration in Healthcare Services

Part 1

Introduction

Administration of the healthcare services in the particular sector of medical and healthcare is a very sensitive and risky job, as it includes direct dealing with human lives. Managing the quality and standards of the services and making sure that the patients are receiving the best kind of services, both in terms of treatment and courtesy. The basic aim of any healthcare facility or any healthcare professional is the management, maintenance, protection and improvement of human health in the region, no matter what the cost is. Considering all this, a manager has to be very careful while taking any decision

Discussion

As it has already been established, the management of a healthcare facility is not an easy job. It involves handling a number of tasks at the same time and planning things intelligently, designing different rules and policies and implementation of these rules and policies. The tasks or responsibilities of a manager also include taking corrective action in case of negligence of these rules and regulations by any employee, introducing and implementing a change in the organization and then overcoming the resistance to this change (if necessary).

Corrective Action Plan

Corrective action plan refers to a plan or strategy (or a set of strategies) that is used to improve the behavior and actions of an employee, when all the other methods, like counseling and even, have failed to work. A corrective action plan in the healthcare facility gains much more importance as it involves the sensitive nature of the job as well. The manager takes special care while designing and the strategies that the balance of the organization is not disturbed.

Handling Resistance to Change

In the current age of technology, change is the only inevitable thing. Any person living in the current era has to get used to change and should accept it. The healthcare industry is no exception; the technology has also undertaken the industry by storm and the hospital industry is stormed by the latest equipment and the instruments being used in the industry. Sometimes, the employees or the medical staff find it hard to accept the reforms in technology and adjust to the new technological changes. It is the duty of a manager to keep a check that the employee is comfortable in accepting the new change in technology. If the employees resist while accepting the new transformation, he or she should know how to handle that resistance (Rajalakshmi, Mohan, & Babu, 2011).

Organizational Charts

Organizational charts are the elaborated diagrams or maps that tell about the hierarchy in an organization. These diagrams are let the employees understand the chain of command in a firm.

Mission and Value Statements

The specific goals and objectives of any organization or company are defined in its mission and vision statement. All the organizations, whether working globally or locally, has a distinct vision and mission statement that clarifies its goals and objectives, and the reason for its existence in the market. This information is very much necessary and beneficial for the stakeholders as well as the customers of the company.

Type of Healthcare Facility

The type of healthcare facility under discussion will be a fully functional hospital completely equipped with all the latest equipment and technology.

Locations

As the planning of this healthcare facility is in its very initial stages, the management only plans to open this healthcare facility in two rural locations of Houston. Further dispersion of these healthcare units depends upon the success of these two units.

Propriety Facility

This medical facility or unit will be both profit earning venture and a non-profit organization as well. The needy patients will be treated free of cost and the patients who can afford the treatment will have to pay the charges for the treatment.

Inpatient/ Outpatient Requirements

As it will be a fully developed hospital, the healthcare facility will provide the services of both in-patient and outpatient to the people who come for treatment in the hospital. Depending upon the requirement of the treatment, the patients will be provided the residential facility in the healthcare facility. There would be both the kinds of facilities; ward and the private rooms, however, the wards facility will be given more space as compared to the private rooms.

Staff

This healthcare facility will incorporate the services of both general physicians and specialists as well. There will be surgeons in this hospital along with psychologists, psychiatrist, physiotherapists, oncologists, endocrinologists, gynecologists, dentists, etc. The management will also hire trained and professional paramedical staff like nurses and ward boys, along with cleaners and sweepers.

Conclusion

In short, it has become quite evident that managing a healthcare facility is not a piece of cake. A manager or administrator has to take care of a lot of things which involve the location of the facility along with the no and type of staff, the type of equipment to be installed in the facility, the security, and safety measures to be taken in consideration while managing the healthcare facility. It is the utmost responsibility and it should be the priority of every healthcare facility manager to keep its employees motivated as well as ready for the change. Deciding the mission and vision statements for the healthcare facility, and then making sure that all the staff is following it, is also the part of the duties of a healthcare facility manager.

Part 2

Introduction

Ethics is an essential part of an individual's daily life. A person is expected to present the best of ethical and moral character in order to have balanced and peaceful surroundings. Ethics are extremely important in society as they affect the way people make decisions and live their lives. Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as moral philosophy.

Just like the observation of ethics and moral values is necessary generally in the society, it is also compulsory to follow these ethical standards in the field of healthcare and medicine. The field of medical and healthcare is full of ethical dilemmas and implications. Medical professionals – even who carry great values and high integrity- can be often unprepared for these kinds of situations. There are two reasons behind this strong implication of ethics and morality especially upon the professionals of the medical sector. The first and foremost reason is the immense power; the power that is bestowed upon them with the knowledge that they gain in their extensive academic career (Hoagwood, Jensen, & Fisher, 2014). Power never comes alone; it is always accompanied by huge responsibility. Hence the power of knowledge that the doctors have, and the trust that their patients put on them, place a strong responsibility on them to act ethically.

Discussion

Five Ethical Standards to Be Implemented at the Healthcare Facility

As it has already been established, the area of healthcare and medicine is based upon a number of ethical standards and implications but the basic and the most important ones are only five (Vayena, Salathé, Madoff, & Brownstein, 2015). These five values and standards are extremely important and need to be implemented in every healthcare facility and unit, in order to keep the profession of medicine in high esteem.

Autonomy

The first and foremost ethical value that needs to be implemented is autonomy. It implies that the patient has complete autonomy while taking any decision or action regarding their medical treatment.

Beneficence

This ethical value implies that any procedure practiced or implemented by the medical practitioner over the patient should only be practiced for a greater good and with good intention.

Non-Maleficence

This ethical value implies that any medical or surgical procedure being followed by the medical professional should not harm the patient involved or the society in general.

Respect for Human Rights

This ethical implication was implemented upon the medical professionals after the formation of the United Nations in 1945. The rule regarding the human rights states that:

"No organ or tissue removal may be carried out on a person who does not have the capacity to consent under Article 5."

Solidarity

The concept of solidarity is closely linked to the concept of European healthcare perspective that focuses more on the service to the community, universal welfare, and the selfless wish to provide healthcare to everyone without discrimination.

Two Exemplary Companies with Good Ethical Standards

Many companies all over the globe are fulfilling their moral duty and being very ethical by nature to serve the different causes. These companies or organizations have set and implemented various ethical standards that are not only beneficial for their employees and their long or short-term goals but also to the society and the market they are operating in. In addition to this, these companies not only follow these ethical standards themselves but spread public awareness in the society so that the general public may also follow it them and make the world a better place to live. To of such exemplary companies, which do not only follow the moral values and ethical standards themselves but also urge other people to follow suit are mentioned below:

Lush Cosmetics:

The management and the employees at the Lush Cosmetics take the issue of ethics and morality very seriously and is famous for speaking up for human rights, animal rights, protecting the environment and raising their voice for humanitarian causes.

Dell Computers:

One of the top-ranked computer manufacturers in the world considers ethics and morality as the most important task for them. Dell takes the matter of global warming and pollution very seriously and tries to manufacture as many products out of recycled material as it can.

Presentation of Information to the Staff during Orientation and Training

One thing in which the medical staff and the physicians both need to be trained in the implementation and following of these ethical standards in the healthcare facility, as sometimes the medical or paramedical staff becomes negligent of these rules and regulations, which can result in grave consequences. Physicians may have learned the importance of ethics especially bioethics during their academic life but most of the complaints come from the paramedical staff lime nurses, ward boys, and even sweepers. So special heed needs to be taken while hiring and appropriate methods of training need to be adopted to make the staff aware of the sensitivity of various ethical issues related to this profession.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, it can be concluded that it has become very evident from multiple research and studies that healthcare is an extremely tough and sensitive field. The medical professionals have to follow certain ethical standards and implications in order to provide their services to the full extent. These implications and responsibilities come with the extreme knowledge and power that has been bestowed upon them. These ethical values include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for human rights and solidarity. Many organizations including Lush Cosmetics and Dell Computers have implemented these standards and are successfully running their operations.

References

Hoagwood, K., Jensen, P. S., & Fisher, C. B. (2014). Ethical issues in mental health research with children and adolescents. Routledge.

Nat Natarajan, R. (2006). Transferring best practices to healthcare: opportunities and challenges. The TQM Magazine, 18(6), 572-582.

Rajalakshmi, K., Mohan, S. C., & Babu, S. D. (2011). Decision support system in healthcare industry. International Journal of computer applications, 26(9), 42-44.

Robbins, C. J., Bradley, E. H., Spicer, M., & Mecklenburg, G. A. (2001). Developing leadership in healthcare administration: A competency assessment tool/Practitioner application. Journal of Healthcare Management, 46(3), 188.

Vayena, E., Salathé, M., Madoff, L. C., & Brownstein, J. S. (2015). Ethical challenges of big data in public health.

Administration In Healthcare Services

Administration in Healthcare Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administration in Healthcare Services

Introduction

Electronic Health Record or EHR is the latest technology being used in the area of healthcare. It is the digital or electronic form of the traditional paper chart handed over to the patient as his or her health record. With the advent in technology, where every other thing has undergone a transformation, the record-keeping in the medical field has also seen many changes. The result of these changes can be seen in the form of the invention of EHR. EHR provides quick, real-time and patient-centered data to the healthcare practitioners (Sinsky, Beasley, Simmons, & Baron, 2014). Being a manager of a healthcare facility, I have also decided to switch to Electronic Health Record, to bring efficiency and more security to the operations going on in my healthcare facility. However, I am feeling that the employees are a little reluctant in this regard. They are being a little hesitant while accepting this new change.

Impact on Motivation of Employees

Any change in an organization has a different impact on the motivation level of the employees working in it. Sometimes, the employees feel a great surge of motivation and want to contribute more and more towards their company but in some cases, the employees become dejected due to the change and lose the urge to work. A similar situation has been observed in this case. The employees are feeling confused, in fact, a little disheartened even on listening to the news of the implementation of the new system.

Communication with the employees and Telling them about the Implementation of EHR

It is a great need of the hour that some essential communication should be done with my team regarding this new change. Being a manager, it is my duty to convey to my employees the importance and need for the new system. So, in order to clear many doubts in the minds of my employees, I would go for a collective session with them and tell them that why is the new electronic system required and how it will work in our specific setup (Zandieh, et. al., 2008).

Training that will be Offered to the Employees regarding EHR

It is an understood fact that whenever there is a new change in the system or policies in any organization, the employees are trained beforehand so that they can become familiar with it. I plan to follow the same pattern in my organization. In the session, that I will conduct to equip my employees with the knowledge of EHR, they will also be assured that they need not worry about the knowledge or skills required for the working of the new system. In fact, they will be provided complete training regarding how to use the new system, from the A to Z, no matter how much time it takes. So, they do not need to worry at all. Even if they do not have much knowledge about technology, they will learn how to operate the new system completely.

Change in the Job Skills of Employees with the Implementation

The employees will also learn in the session that this new system and training will also be greatly beneficial for their skill set (Adler, 2007). It will enhance their knowledge and add an extra benefit in their professional capabilities, which will not be advantageous for them not only for their present job but also their overall career.

Conclusion

In short, the implementation of Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a serious need of the hour in order to keep up with the latest trends going on in the area of healthcare. Although the employees in my organization are feeling a little confused, in fact, hesitant about the implementation of the new system with the help of proper counseling and training, this implementation can be made immensely successful.

References

Adler, K. G. (2007). How to successfully navigate your EHR implementation. Family practice management, 14(2), 33.

Sinsky, C. A., Beasley, J. W., Simmons, G. E., & Baron, R. J. (2014). Electronic health records: design, implementation, and policy for higher-value primary care. Annals of internal medicine, 160(10), 727-728.

Zandieh, S. O., Yoon-Flannery, K., Kuperman, G. J., Langsam, D. J., Hyman, D., & Kaushal, R. (2008). Challenges to EHR implementation in electronic-versus paper-based office practices. Journal of general internal medicine, 23(6), 755-761.

Administration In Healthcare Services

Administration in Healthcare Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Administration in Healthcare Services

Every organization or business needs a plan or road map to achieve its goals and objectives. Strategic management is the process that involves continuously planning, executing, monitoring, analysis, and assessment of all the function and activities that are required for the proper functioning of an organization (Freeman, 2010). This management is also necessary for a company to meet its goals and objectives. These objectives may be designed for long term or short term.

Strategic management holds great significance in the case of healthcare where a proper plan or scheme is required to execute various programs. Projects and programs in the healthcare sector are designed on the basis of timelines (Ginter, Duncan, & Swayne, 2018). Some projects are designed for short term and their results are not intended to be used for a longer period of time, however, some of the projects are designed for a very long period of time and they go on for many years. It is advisable that whether the healthcare unit is small or large, strategic management must be used in order to achieve efficiency in planning and the execution of those plans.

Many business managers and even noted leaders have the misconception that strategic management is only required for the present day needs of the business, which is downright wrong. Strategic management or planning does not only help an organization in the current day needs but for the demands and requirements of the future. Strategic management can help an organization especially a health care organization to prepares for the upcoming challenges of the future beforehand (Pearce, Robinson, & Subramanian, 2000). Example of this can be seen in the form of a scenario where the managers or planners in an organization know that there is going to be fuel strike, so they stock up the medicine before time in their medical facility, so that the patients may not face any problem.

References

Freeman, R. E. (2010). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge university press.

Ginter, P. M., Duncan, W. J., & Swayne, L. E. (2018). The strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley & Sons.

Pearce, J. A., Robinson, R. B., & Subramanian, R. (2000). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control. Columbus, OH: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.