Explore Our Free Essays Collection

Sandro Botticelli’s Primavera

Name

Name of Professor

Class

Date

Sandro Botticelli’s Primavera

La Primavera is one of the famous paintings of Sandro Botticelli. It is the masterpiece of the Florentine Renaissance and it was bought by the Medici family from Botticelli. The title “La Primavera” means “the Spring” and known to be the greatest work at Uffizi Museum. However, the detailed connotation the painting is unknown. The medium of the painting is Tempera on a popular panel. At that time, wood panels were very famous for painting.

In the painting, there is a group of people in an orange orchard. Botticelli was famous for his technique of using lines and the light shades which is reflected in this painting. While observing the figures closely, it seems that the artist has painted the Roman goddess, Venus in the middle. In the classical world, the presence of Venus is considered as the reflection of the popular concept of the humanism (Michalski, pp.213-222). In the painting, she is shown as a perfect woman accompanying by other figures. She is wearing a see-through white dress and light jewelry in the colors used by the Medici family at that time. The group of three ladies on her right side seem dancing and they are the three Graces. Next to them is Mercury, who is the messenger of the gods. He is wearing a helmet and having a sword to guard the goddesses (Michalski, pp.213-222). In the picture, with his right hand Mercury is plucking an orange from the tree. The son of Venus is flying above her and he has an arrow in his hands which is pointing at the three graces.

On her left side, there is Zephyrus, the wind god along with the goddess of spring. Moreover, the garden depicted in the picture belongs to the Roman goddess, Venus (Zirpolo, pp.100-109). She has raised her hand in the painting like she is welcoming others to her garden. One of the trees behind her is myrtle tree and it is considered as the symbol of her. The orange garden is used symbolically and it is depicting love and fertility. The composition of the painting is on the basis of a mythological text.

Works Cited

Michalski, Sergiusz. "Venus as Semiramis: A New Interpretation of the Central Figure of Botticelli's" Primavera"." Artibus et historiae (2003): 213-222.

Zirpolo, Lilian. "Botticelli’s Primavera: A Lesson for the Bride." The Expanding Discourse. Routledge, 2018. 100-109.

SDLC Overview & Requirements

Compare and contrast SDLC and 2 other development models (give a brief description of the approach, cover the phases, and highlight the strengths and weaknesses).

Student’s Name

Institution

Date

Software development model

There are several SDL models, which are used to come up with the best software. Some of the software models are spiral, waterfall, and incremental. Waterfall development is the oldest method, which are used in the development of software. The best future, which this method has, is the sequence steps, which makes the software development faster. However, spiral development model is the development, which combines both prototyping and design methods. It is known as a Meta – model, which means that it can used in other model of designs. According to Alshamrani and Bahattab (2015), the Spiral model focuses on the project assessment and eliminates the risk as well and therefore, it is one of the best models for software designs. The Waterfall model of software design is the oldest and can used in the current design system. But it does not eliminate risk and therefore, the best model of software design which can be recommended is spiral model of software design.

The spiral design is the best since it helps designers to eliminate risk and also gives writers an opportunity to weigh in the life cycle of the project. It provides a clear plan of software development, which starts with planning, risk analysis and development and evaluation and therefore, it is the best method of software development compared to waterfall and incremental. In short, there are several existing models, which are used in software development clients decide based on their needs. The waterfall method might still be the oldest model, which are used in software development but still has fewer advantages compared to spiral model of software development. Research therefore, indicates that spiral method of software development is the best since it looks at the interest of the software and eliminates any risk, which may occur. It also looks at the future of the life cycle of the system and therefore, systems which are designed using spiral model have long life and less maintenance compared to either incremental or waterfall model of software development.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Alshamrani, A., & Bahattab, A. (2015). A Comparison Between Three SDLC Models Waterfall Model, Spiral Model, and Incremental/Iterative Model. JCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues , 12 (3), 2-25.

Shared Decision-making In Health Care And Advance Care Planning

Shared Decision-Making in the Healthcare and Advance Care Planning

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Shared Decision-Making in the Healthcare and Advance Care Planning

Introduction

Medicine and healthcare are important areas or fields that play a very vital role in almost every human’s life. All the areas or subfields related to the profession of healthcare and medicine like nursing, pharmacy, and many others are equally sensitive as much as they are important, due to their direct dealing with the human lives. Even the slightest negligence from the side of medical professional can push the patient down the valley of death. Although a proper diagnosis and medication are the most important things for the speedy recovery of patient, there are some other things that also go side by side in order to cure the patient completely. These factors are mainly composed of care, nutrition, age, and communication. Communication between the patient and the medical practitioner poses to be one of the most important factors that determine the nature of the treatment and the time required for the recovery of the patient. Especially if the communication is shared (open between the medical practitioner and the patient) the process becomes much smooth and fast.

Discussion

Effect of Healthcare Communication Topic (Shared Decision-Making in the Healthcare and Advance Care Planning)

Advance Healthcare Planning, also referred to as ACP, is an essential factor between the medical practitioner and the patient, especially in the case of some serious or long term illness. ACP determines the level of healthcare that a patient requires in a longer period of time especially after they are discharged from the hospital or medical facility. Shared decision making comes in very handy when the patient is unable to make any decision on their own (Ankuda, et. al., 2014). Hence the administration or the doctor consults the family of the patient so that a best decision can be taken for best interest of patient.

Scenario Example of Shared Decision-Making in the Healthcare and Advance Care Planning

A perfect example of shared decision-making can be taken in the form of a patient suffering from Alzheimer’s, in which case the physician takes the advice from the patient themselves and their family regarding the long term care. The opinion of the patient does not matter that much in this case as much as the family’s opinion is important. The family tells the patterns of improvement or decline in the patient’s condition and the physician then decides to continue with the present therapies or not.

Importance or Impact of Healthcare Communication Topic (Shared Decision-Making in the Healthcare and Advance Care Planning)

Shared decision-making in the case of healthcare, especially Advanced Care Planning holds great importance as it easies the decision-making process for the patient and/or the family of the patient. Moreover, it also makes it easy for the medical practitioner especially physicians to decide which kind of treatment to continue for the patient in their best interest (Hajizadeh, Uhler, & Pérez Figueroa, 2015). The shared decision-making process also makes it convenient for the physician to easily convey their concerns to the patient and this family and then take their opinion that what to do and what not.

Conclusion

Hence, in a nutshell, it can be concluded that shared decision making plays a very positive, in fact, a very vital role in the speedy recovery of the patient. A smooth two-way communication ensures that the patient is receiving a maximum level of care and family of the patient and patient itself is satisfied with this care. The quality of shared decision making also determines quality of healthcare for the patient, as this quality is directly proportional to the shared decision-making level. No matter what, shared decision-making only results in the favor of the patient, their family, and the medical practitioner.

References

Ankuda, C. K., Block, S. D., Cooper, Z., Correll, D. J., Hepner, D. L., Lasic, M., ... & Bader, A. M. (2014). Measuring critical deficits in shared decision making before elective surgery. Patient education and counseling, 94(3), 328-333.

Hajizadeh, N., Uhler, L. M., & Pérez Figueroa, R. E. (2015). Understanding patients' and doctors' attitudes about shared decision making for advance care planning. Health Expectations, 18(6), 2054-2065.

Social Issues And Justice

Social Issues and Justice

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Social Issues and Justice

Abstract

Gun violence is a significant social issue that our justice system faces. Keeping guns is legal in America that allows citizens to carry guns everywhere. Consequently, people having any mental disturbance attack their fellow citizens and they scarcely get capital punishment if are not killed during the assaults. The courts cannot ban firearms because the Constitution has allowed it albeit firearms are used in more than 68% homicide incidents in the US. Scholars like Reiman and Wintemute also endorse this statement that firearms are used in the majority of murders in the US. This phenomenon has caused many conjectures among civilized citizens. Some of the states have introduced some laws to control this irrational freedom of having fatal weapons but that is not enough. The legislatures are supposed to determine the ability to have a firearm, and they should make amendments to the laws about having fatal weapons.

Introduction

Every act of human being is intentioned to be productive but few acts meet the expectations otherwise many acts prove more counter-productive than productive. General permission to have firearms granted to the American citizens by the constitution is one such acts. Our forefathers might have thought that the citizens will feel more safe and independent if they carry self-defense weapons with them, but they perhaps did not know that it will eliminate many innocent citizens while doing their jobs honestly at workplaces and schools. Gun violence has become a headache for law enforcement agencies, it has become a social trauma, and scholars have discussed it many times proposing solutions to control it, but much is left to be done.

Body

The purchase of guns for self-defense is allowed by the law in the US that has made our masses vulnerable to the shooters. Every American citizen can have any type of fatal weapons, and the non-citizen residents of America can buy a gun with permission. The approach to a firearm in America is so easy that they can be purchased online also. This easy access to arms has caused mass homicide incidents in America. People are killed in schools, colleges, universities, and workplaces. The Bureau of Justice Statistics claims that 10,117 people were killed in gun-violence in 1999 and the number rose to 10,869 in 2008. The National Crime Victimization Survey reports that 467,321 persons were killed with firearms in 2011 (Gun Violence in America, 2019). This rise is continuous although many debates were held to stop this inhumane practice. This dramatic rise in the incidents of gun-violence questions the integrity of the law enforcing agencies and the justice system. But the system has its own concerns rather than limitations that prohibit it to control such incidents. American constitution offers full liberty to its citizens and allows them to pursue their Happiness and American Dream (Follman, M., Lee, J., Lurie, J., & West, J, 2018). The Pursuit of Happiness phrase in the Declaration of Independence allows the citizens to do what makes them happy. American Dream perused by the middle and poor classes to update their social status. People buy weapons for self-defense or happiness generally, but the data indicates that when they are unable to pursue their American Dream due to financial setbacks, the sickly frustrated people attack their fellow citizens. Robert Merton explains it with Strain Theory. The theory claims that when people feel unable to meet their socio-economic goals, they become frustrated and that frustration makes them violent.

Gun Violence has horrified the society and a significant condemnation to this practice is on the record. A movement named Moms Demand Action is known to every American today that stresses upon the authorities to take a strict and solid action against gun violence. The official page of this movement claims that 8 school kids succumb to gun violence on a daily basis. The activists of this movement claim that the future of s great country like the United States of America is slaughtered daily, but the authorities give no importance to this issue that can cause a big crisis in the country.

Many scholars have written about the issue, some of them demand a serious consideration to this issue before it causes a national crisis while others believe that it already has caused it. Reiman claims that compared to other industrialized democracies, the United States has the highest firearm death rate by a significant margin. Garen Wintemute is a famous American researcher who claims that the entire increase in homicide in the United States through 1993 was attributable to firearm homicide. The easy availability of firearms has exposed the innocent masses to this mass shooting. The other problem caused by this easy access is that stressed people shoot themselves at the peak moment of depression. The managing editor of the Foundation for Economic Education John Miltimore notes that 33,000 people are shot annually and about two-thirds of these deaths are suicides (Jon Miltimore, 2019). Robert Merton argues in the Strain Theory that the government must ensure economic security for every citizen to control this crime by controlling mental stress.

Some states of the US have taken some measures to control this crime although it has not been proved much productive. Some deadliest gun-violence attacks in schools obliged Texas, California, Florida, Virginia, Connecticut, Oklahoma, and Nevada to introduce some measures to control this fatal practice (DeConde, 2003). Two terms are introduced in the different states of the US: concealed carry weapon, and open carry weapon. Carrying open weapons is now prohibited in all over the country. Carrying concealed weapons is legal in 50 states whereas New Mexico allows carrying concealed cum unloaded weapons. Some restrictions are introduced in the allowance of the permit like the authorities ask the reason of why the person wants to have a weapon. Even then, over 17 million permits were issued throughout the US in 2018 (Worldpopulationreview.com, 2019). It shows that the measures taken by the authorities are of little effect against gun violence.

The justice system is helpless unless Congress takes strict notice of this crime. The penetration of firearms in all over the nation keeps the threat alive. America is a major global arms producer and exporter, but slaughtering its own citizens, for this reason, makes no sense. There should be an amendment to the laws that allow everyone to carry weapons. More restrictions on getting permits are required to control this crime. The state authorities should examine whether a person's demand for a weapon is right or not. In fact, a weaponless society has less number of deaths than an armed society. China can be taken as a good example where few civil citizens carry lethal weapons with them, and the common Chinese feel safer than the Americans feel while roaming in their country. Capital punishment can also stop many shooters from killing innocent cities if they know that they will not be spared after such an act albeit this punishment can help stopping a limited number of incidents. Otherwise, the people who suicide or kill themselves after the attacks can be stopped only by making our society weaponless.

Conclusion

An abundance of weapons in our society has boosted a terrible crime that horrifies the civilized citizens of a great country like America. Justice System cannot stop it because the constitution has legalized the purchase of weapons by everyone. The scholars criticize the practice and suggest that the government can control this crime by curbing disparity among the citizens and addressing their socio-economic issues. Some states of the US have banned open-carrying of firearms but it has helped little. The country cannot find peace until the firearms are prohibited to the civil citizens, and the culprits of a mass shooting are punished ruthlessly.

References

DeConde, A. (2003). Gun violence in America: the struggle for control. UPNE.

Follman, M., Lee, J., Lurie, J., & West, J. (2018). The true cost of gun vio

Gun Violence in America. (2019). National Institute of Justice. Retrieved 16 November 2019, from https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/gun-violence-america

Jon Miltimore, (2019). Mass Shootings Are a Horrible Way to Understand Gun Violence | Fee.org. Retrieved 16 November 2019,

https://fee.org/articles/mass-shootings-are-a-horrible-way-to-understand-gun-violence/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMItq2Kubrt5QIVlZOzCh3HsAI4EAAYBCAAEgL6r_D_BwE

Worldpopulationreview.com.(2019). Retrieved 16 November 2019, from http://worldpopulationreview.com/states/concealed-carry-states/

Social Versus Human Capital

Social versus Human Capital

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Social versus Human Capital

Abusers have certain characteristics, which are common among most of them. They may not be alcoholic drug abusers, but they are authoritative in an indisputable way. They are antisocial by nature and their depressive tendencies negatively impact the people they surround themselves with. Furthermore, they usually alienate their partners and keep them for forming meaningful relationships with others. This not only gives them control over the situation, but it also enables them to remove their social capital from the equation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"GijzNEAB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Peek-Asa et al., 2005)","plainCitation":"(Peek-Asa et al., 2005)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":516,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/D3WTN2R2"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/D3WTN2R2"],"itemData":{"id":516,"type":"article-journal","title":"A population based study of reporting patterns and characteristics of men who abuse their female partners","container-title":"Injury Prevention","page":"180-185","volume":"11","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Peek-Asa","given":"C."},{"family":"Zwerling","given":"Craig"},{"family":"Young","given":"Tracy"},{"family":"Stromquist","given":"Ann M."},{"family":"Burmeister","given":"L. F."},{"family":"Merchant","given":"J. A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Peek-Asa et al., 2005).

Abusers tend to be smart in their approach, and the victim usually has no idea what is going on until it is already too late. Whether it is out of shame or pride, they no longer have anyone help them, or even seek advice on the matter. According to ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"IRo3E3C3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Vameghi, Akbari, Majd, Sajedi, & Sajjadi, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Vameghi, Akbari, Majd, Sajedi, & Sajjadi, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":517,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/QH96BFB7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/QH96BFB7"],"itemData":{"id":517,"type":"article-journal","title":"The comparison of socioeconomic status, perceived social support and mental status in women of reproductive age experiencing and not experiencing domestic violence in Iran","container-title":"Journal of injury and violence research","page":"35","volume":"10","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Vameghi","given":"Roshanak"},{"family":"Akbari","given":"Sedigheh Amir Ali"},{"family":"Majd","given":"Hamid Alavi"},{"family":"Sajedi","given":"Firoozeh"},{"family":"Sajjadi","given":"Homeira"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} Vameghi et al., (2018) socioeconomic status of an individual takes precedence over the social capital, making the human capital all the more important. They might be at a disadvantage in terms of social capital, but human capital can. While abuse does exist on almost all social levels, a direct correlation can be observed between the lack of education, poverty and the reported abuse. By working towards the attainment of financial inequality, or by improving the educational disparity between the victim and the abuser, the victim can take the necessary steps. It can enable them to work themselves out of this vicious cycle, change their personal state and take control of the vicious situation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VSCrvEtY","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Crisafi & Jasinski, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Crisafi & Jasinski, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":518,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/5HZ7NMNT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/5HZ7NMNT"],"itemData":{"id":518,"type":"article-journal","title":"Within the bounds: The role of relocation on intimate partner violence help-seeking for immigrant and native women with histories of homelessness","container-title":"Violence against women","page":"986-1006","volume":"22","issue":"8","author":[{"family":"Crisafi","given":"Denise N."},{"family":"Jasinski","given":"Jana L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Crisafi & Jasinski, 2016).

In a nutshell, once sufferer is able to get his feet on the ground, he can reach out to the loved ones for emotional support. The support will make them able to work towards freeing themselves from the clutches of the abuser. Social capital can help elevate the situation for the abused, but it can only go so far. You need to take the first step yourself, and only human capital can help with that.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Crisafi, D. N., & Jasinski, J. L. (2016). Within the bounds: The role of relocation on intimate partner violence help-seeking for immigrant and native women with histories of homelessness. Violence against Women, 22(8), 986–1006.

Peek-Asa, C., Zwerling, C., Young, T., Stromquist, A. M., Burmeister, L. F., & Merchant, J. A. (2005). A population based study of reporting patterns and characteristics of men who abuse their female partners. Injury Prevention, 11(3), 180–185.

Vameghi, R., Akbari, S. A. A., Majd, H. A., Sajedi, F., & Sajjadi, H. (2018). The comparison of socioeconomic status, perceived social support and mental status in women of reproductive age experiencing and not experiencing domestic violence in Iran. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 10(1), 35.

Somali Immigrants And Their Participation In The American Economy.

Somali Immigrants and their participation in the American Economy

Name

Institution

Preface

Since its founding in 1776, United State has always been welcoming safe haven for the immigrants and refugees fleeing persecution and conflicts. Estimation indicates that since 1975, U.S has relocated by approximately three million refugees all over the world. 1980 was the year of peaked refugee settlement efforts when over 200,000 immigrants fleeing Communist Vietnam reached U.S. Today, U.S fulfills significant humanitarian mission to resettle refugees and at the same time, provides worthy economical advantages to the country (MDOH, 2014). Refugees participate in the economical growth of nation to a considerable extent; contributing billions of dollars every year through business start-ups and consumer spending in the community—resulting in net constructive fiscal consequences. Additionally, refugees empower the establishment of vibrant and diverse communities and revitalize the declining social and economical scenarios; making the place conductive and favorable for community living. However, since 1980, the annual refugee admissions to U.S have declined. Despite having settlement of the largest number of refugees in the country, far more refugees are now being admitted by Australia and Canada on per capita basis.

History

Somalia

Geographical location of Somalia indicates that it is located in the Horn of Africa—the east coast of the continent. Their agriculture system was developed through southern river valleys due to which they follow conventional nomadic pastoralist profession (Putman & Noor, 1993). A vital role in trade and industrial development is being played by its Capital Mogadishu and other urban cites.

The fishing industry is supported by approximately 1880 mile coastline of Somalia for centuries. In addition, these coastal areas also acted as transportation channels to Asia, Europe and Middle East for exploring educational and economical opportunities. Contemplating through the lens of history, the small group of Somali sailors reached and settled New York City in 1920s. This practice generated an endless thread of migration for fiscal and educational purposes and since 1960s, thousands of Somali students reached U.S for pursuing their educational activities (Putman & Noor, 1993).

Jumping to the twentieth century, Somali land was undertaken full-fledge control by European Governments and was divided in various areas. Northern Somalia was claimed by British government which is now called Somaliland whereas Southern Somalia was seized by Italian government including the capital Mogadishu. Northwestern Somalia was taken up by French government which is now called Djibouti (Putman & Noor, 1993).

As a result, Somali residents strongly resisted foreign invasion but could not counter this trend unfortunately. After World War I, England and Italy were pressurized by external forces to end colonial regimes in Africa, which resulted in independence of Somalia. After a peaceful power transition, Somalia became a democratic country in 1960. However, in 1969, a military coup was led by General Mohamed Siad Barre which forced Somali residents into social, economic and political turmoil. In response to this unacceptable coup, a resistance movement was escalated by many National groups of Somalia in late 1980s and forced him out of the office in 1990 (Putman & Noor, 1993).

The above mentioned description indicated that Somalia was engulfed by the civil war for more than two decades. After long history of instability and turmoil, the Transitional Federal Government powered by the African Union and United Nations Organization gained complete political control in Somalia in 2010. In 2012, internationally recognized federal Somali government was established after parliamentary elections (Putman & Noor, 1993).

Resettlement and migration

Since the beginning of civil war, more than one million Somali nationals tended to leave the country and migrated to various European countries, as reported by United Nations Organization. Even within the Somali territory, number of internally displaced people was estimated as 1.5 million. In 1992, Somali nationals were offered visa from United States for the first time (MDOH, 2014). Although, leaving their homeland, family and relationships was painful but their economical condition compelled them to acquire visa and settle in United States—many of them did so.

Minnesota is the place where most of the Somali refugees migrated in 1992. Some of them were refugees whereas migration of others was backed by the sponsorship of already residing family members. They also started relocating Minnesota from other parts of the United States (Afrah, 2004). Many government and non-government refugee resettlement agencies e.g., Somali-led organizations i.e., Somali Family Services, International Institute of Minnesota, non-profit faith-based service organizations like Catholic Charities and Lutheran Social Services, Confederation of Somali Community in Minnesota and World Relief Minnesota facilitated the resettlement and migration of Somalis in Minnesota (MSDC, 2008).

Now in 2018, one of the largest Somali communities is hosted by Minnesota. Although, it is difficult to determine the exact number of Somali refugees living in Minnesota, yet the estimation ranges from 35,000 to 100,000 whereas data from 2015 census estimated their number as 57,000 (MSDC, 2017). The exact location where Somalis reside in Minnesota is Twin Cities Metropolitan area whereas others settled to the small rural areas of the state.

Most of the Somalis prefer Minnesota for residence because they find a wide ranged social network there with all the employment and educational facilities and access to number of social and healthcare services (Lee, 1982). They also acquire Minnesota’s outclass living standard and reputation for hospitality. Typically, they arrive there to synchronize their cultural resources with the pool of residents having same national background.

In addition, their extensive social and community network helps them find employment, education, housing and all the essential community resources and ensure their quality living. However, despite having excellent community support, they encounter many challenges in the practical life including family and belongingness separation, maintenance of religious and cultural practices in multicultural environment and acquiring proficiency in English language and at the same preserving national language (Lee 1982).

As far as economical contributions are concerned, in the American labor market, refugee men and women demonstrate active participation to a great extent, fulfilling the labor gap and contributing to the economical growth of States. In the initial years, refugees are paid less but their wages follow gradual progression with the passing time and increasing experience (Horst and Nick 2002). This is because they learn to adopt new culture, improvise their language skills, develop more extensive community networks and gain more experience in the labor market.

Estimations indicated that Somali refugee women start their work with the low rates of labor force participation but after 10 years, their degree of participation, performance and production exceeds the labor force of Native American counterparts (Parks 2011). Both Somali men and women report increase in their average yearly wages when they gain enough experience in the labor market. Based on the statistics, the U.S born men with prime working age contribute 80% of the labor force participation whereas participation of Somali men was comparatively higher than U.S born men i.e., 84%. However, these rates are substantially lower for Somali women i.e., 64% because of their religious customs which allow less participation of women outside the home. This analysis was done using 25-64 years as the prime working ages because the standard definition of prime working age i.e., 16+ encapsulates retired individuals that act as a threat to the validity of results (Portes and Minn 1993).

Over time, the rate of participation follows transitional trend for men and women however, their growing integration in the labor market is always constant. Even in the first ten years, migrated men and women in the labor market demonstrated more active participation than U.S born workforce. During initial years in labor market, rate of labor force participation of Somali men was 56% whereas the rate demonstrated upward transition in the upcoming years by 84%. Interestingly, the transition of labor force of Somali women and U.S born women followed similar trends i.e., 71% (Caps et. al., 2015).

A recent development in the settlement of Somali refugees is Migration Policy Institute that was aimed at contemplating how refugees were managed in the short run. It demonstrated that key goal of the Refugee Settlement Program in promoting the early employment of migrated individuals is now being achieved (Hammond 2013). Along with the short term picture, this report helped to clarify the idea about what happens to the refugees in long run.

In the long run, refugees retrospect and utilize their internal strengths and resources to cope with the multicultural environment. Over time, they gradually overcome cultural, language and employment barriers for integrating into the American labor market. Their professional and economical development is inspected through wage data obtained at various intervals (Jeanne 2008). This data provides a profound comprehension of how refugee men and women struggle to enhance their quality of life and improve their living conditions with the passing time. Data obtained from the Somali refugees who are just about to get a foothold in the market or working for less than 10 years and those who are working since last ten years indicates that their annual earnings rose from $24,000-$40,000 (Capps 2015).

Researchers attempted to inspect the underlying causes behind economical progress of Somali refugees and came up with the predictable results i.e., with the passing time, they learn other cultures and languages and advance their skills due to which they can easily shift their working place instead of sticking to one market for longer time (Zamora, 2014). Moreover, they fly where there are better opportunities for them to grow economically. They become more established in the communities first, develop new communities at the newer workplaces that help them moving up to the occupational ladders.

Moving to the nature of jobs that Somali refugees tend to acquire; it becomes evident that five broad categories of occupational choices are widely embraced by them; blue collar, white collar, service, farming and related jobs. There has been inspected a huge shift in the acquisition of jobs from initial steps in the occupational life and after ten years of working (Zamora, 2014). Their altered occupational choices overtime are the justified indication of how refugees became more established in the economical scenario.

Here are presented some statistics about the proportion of Somali refugees working in the varying nature of jobs; approximately 23% of the men and women are performing white-collar jobs in United States when they are working for nearly ten years in the market. This rate gains additional 6% increase when their working years become greater than ten (Zamora, 2014).

Most of the Somalis are working as professors, artists, social activists, librarians, teachers and social scientists and their share becomes 4-9% when they spend more than ten years in the working class. As far as farming is concerned, limited numbers of Somali men go for agriculture and poultry i.e., only 2-3%, for example, in San Diego, grow lablab beans and pumpkin leaves that are otherwise unavailable. Somali refugees also helped the local farmers to reinvigorate traditional farming methods (Capps et. al., 2015). Interestingly, U.S born farming professionals gravitate away from farming as more refugees take part in the traditional farming practices in United States. American Community Survey indicates that approximately 3-5% Somali refugees are currently working in farms.

Moving towards trading and business statistics; estimation indicates that refugees (from different part of the world) are more likely to acquire business as their way of income than U.S born individuals. For example, there are total of 34 business owners per 1000 refugees whereas the number reduces to 30 per 1000 for U.S born individuals. On the other hand, there are about 15 Somali owners per 1000 people and they are more likely to be travel agents, shop owners and transportation owners (Capps et. al., 2015). Other independently working Somali refugees encapsulate engineers, architects and scientific consultants. Business owner can be defined as a person who has incorporated business in possession or whose exclusive job is to maintain or run a business.

When new immigrant communities undergo economic inclusion, the opportunities for upward economical mobility are enhanced to a great degree. It not only proves to be advantageous for immigrant community but also for the ones who are receiving their services through economic incorporation. This point will be clarified quoting a ground breaking example of economic recovery in Lewiston which has the potential to stand as a case in point. Low-skilled labor force was lacking in Lewiston with an overabundance of untenanted rental units, prior to the arrival of Somali immigrants (Zamora, 2014). Both of these problems get resolved when Somali residents arrived in the area that not only filled the employment gap but also helped altering perception of U.S born residents about Somalis—as an intimidation for the class of productive stakeholders.

Like other refugee communities, Somalis too, arrive in the US with the substantial ability to acquire legal employment instantaneously. However, majority of Somali refugees does not possess advanced educational qualification and degree along with limited English language proficiency skills. This situation acts as a barrier for their economical development and attempts to limit their upward economical mobility; as a result, most of the refugees get low-wage and low skilled jobs that ordinarily do not provide them with the opportunities of advancements. However, passing time relieves their economic hardships (Zamora, 2014).

Because of the ongoing war in Somalia, it lacks reliable and functional economical structure. Hence, Somali refugees tend to support their family financially through gaining upward development in the economical scenario of United States (Horst, 2002). Due to these reasons, majority of the Somali refugees send money, food or other resources to their families, deducing a definite portion of their earnings every month. The common reasons of remittance include paying for medicines, food, shelter, and education for their children, siblings or relatives.

Due to these reasons, a super colossal burden is placed on their shoulders which might raise significant concerns regarding their physical, mental and emotional health. A study (Horst, 2002) conducted on this issue addressed the difficulties regarding new restrictions on remittance for the Somali refugees. They feel exaggerated economic pressure to remit their families back in Somalia due to which their economic incorporation in the United States is over shadowed.

There was found a huge difference between the refugees and immigrants with respect to challenges that they encounter economically (Horst, 2004). For the immigrants who come to Unite States specifically for finding work and sending money back to their homes are more likely to be psychologically deteriorated and often suffer from chronic stress if they get limited earnings; inadequate to meet the expected level of remittance (Horst, 2004). However, for the immigrants who travel along the family and have least concerns about financial support for their families are less likely to have physical, psychological or emotional issues (Horst, 2004).

The potential barriers in the remittance practices are well documented. Most of the Somali refugees send money to their families who are suspected to flow monetary resources to terrorist organizations e.g., al-shabaab which resulted in substantial remittance barriers for them. According to the report of refugee settlement (2013), approximately $1.3 billion enters Somali economy each years in form of remittance from migrant and refugee Somalis, out of which 16% amount flows from United States (Orozco and Julia, 2013).

Before the 1991 Somalia Civil War, remittance amounts were primordially sent for helping family and relatives with economic ventures, school fees, weddings and investments. Somali network that aid remittance practices is known as “xawilaad” which emerged in 1980s in order to establish fast, secure and reliable channels for funds transfer (Horst, 2002). After 1991, initiation of civil war led the xawilaad to set out a more climacteric purpose; revolving around the survival of family members back in Somalia and in the refugee camps of other countries (Ali 2011).

Dahabshil is a Somali remittance company which plays vital role in the distribution of monetary resources because as mentioned above, Somalia lacks stable government and banking system due to which unemployment is highly prevalent in country. Moreover, neither World Bank nor International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides financial aid to the Somali nationals due to country’s economical and political instability (Ali 2011). Hence, the only way to uplift economy is financial remittance.

During the past few years, United States has changed its remittance policies for Somali refugees as a post 9/11 reaction. These changes were powered by the concerns that Somali nationals are involved in money laundering to support terrorist organization Al-Qaeda. U.S government also identified some instances where Somali remittance organizations were found involved in the financial funding of terrorist organization (James and Shetre, 2012). In 2011, it was revealed that two Somali women had provided money directly to the terrorist organization al-Shabaab, due to which Barclays Banks ended their contract with the Somali remittance companies (Hatcher, 2015). In 2015, there was only one state bank that continued working with Somali Remittance Companies—the Merchants Bank in California—but it ended its contract with organizations in February 6, 2015 which was called by the congressman Keith Ellison a “catastrophic decision.”

The final word

Researchers argued that for the economic advancements of Somalis, their economic incorporation is inextricably irrevocable. Ideally, the business structure of economic opportunity is open and welcoming for new comers but for only those who are willing to take advantage from the available conditions. With the technological advancements, it has become more laborious today to earn a good living as compared to that of previous generations, particularly for immigrants. Hence, immigrant community is expected to show development towards economic self-efficacy after considerable period of time.

In a nutshell, the above presented textual activity not only demonstrates the statistics about the economical placement of Somali refugees in the United States but also the economical and political position of Somalia and significance of remittance practices for their families back in country. Although refugees are provided with the employment opportunities yet due to lacking qualification and language skills, they initially do not get high skilled jobs with handsome amount of money. Moreover, during the post 9/11 era, they encountered more economic hardships particularly in carrying remittance practices as they were allegedly found guilty in providing financial aids to terrorist organizations. This paper pointed the economic challenges that Somalis encounter and identified the areas which require consideration from policy makers, educationalists and private-sector leaders to ensure their economical growth.

Three strategies proposed by sociologists for uplifting their financial conditions are: Targeted Recruiting of Somalis, Public Sector Employment and provision of Occupational Training Opportunities (Rumberger, 1982; Eisinger 1986; Guajardo 1999; Boyd 1994; Parks 2011). This model of strategies will give fruitful result not only for Somali immigrants but for other refugees as well. Need of the hour is to develop new strategies and implement already developed strategies aimed at exhilarating their fiscal growth.

References

Horst, Cindy, Marta Bivand Erdal, Jørgen Carling, and Karin Fathimath Afeef. 2014. “Private Money, Public Scrutiny? Contrasting Perspectives on Remittances.” Global Networks 14 (4): 514–532.

Horst, Cindy, and Nick Van Hear. 2002. “Counting the Cost: Refugees, Remittances and the 220 \ References ‘War against Terrorism.’” Forced Migration Review 14:32–34. Available at http://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/FMRpdfs/FMR14/fmr14.13.pdf

Office of Refugee Resettlement. 2013. Annual Report to Congress. Available at http:// www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/orr/arc_2013_508.pdf.

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (OASE). 2010. 2010 HHS Poverty Guidelines. Available at https://aspe.hhs.gov/2010-hhs-poverty-guidelines.

Park, Robert E. 1928. “Human Migration and the Marginal Man.” American Journal of Sociology 33:881–893.

Portes, Alejandro, and Min Zhou. 1993. “The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 530 (1): 74–96.

Orozco, Manuel, and Julia Yansura. 2013. Keeping the Lifeline Open. OxFam America. Available at https://www.oxfamamerica.org/static/media/files/somalia-remit tance-report-web.pdf.

Ali, Ihotu. 2011. “Staying Off the Bottom of the Melting Pot: Somali Refugees Respond to a Changing U.S. Immigration Climate.” Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies 9 (11). Available at http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/bild haan/vol9/iss1/11.

James Cockayne, , and Shetret Liat. 2012. Capitalizing on Trust: Harnessing Somali Remittances for Counterterrorism, Human Rights and State Building. Global Center on Cooperative Security. Available at http://globalcenter.org/wp-content/up loads/2012/07/CapitalizingOnTrust.pdf

Hatcher, Jessica. 2015. “Ending Somali-US Money Transfers Will Be Devastating, Merchants Bank Warned.” The Guardian, February 6. Available at http://www .theguardian.com/global-development/2015/feb/06/somali-us-money-transfersmerchants-bank-remittances

Boyd, Robert L. 1994. “The Allocation of Black Workers into the Public Sector.” Sociological Focus 27 (1): 35–51.

Eisinger, Peter K. 1973. “The Conditions of Protest Behavior in American Cities.” American Political Science Review 67 (1): 11–28.

Guajardo, Salomon A. 1999. “Workforce Diversity: Monitoring Employment Trends in Public Organizations.” Public Personnel Management 28 (1): 63–85.

Parks, Virginia. 2011. “Revisiting Shibboleths of Race and Urban Economy: Black Employment in Manufacturing and the Public Sector Compared, Chicago 1950– 2000.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35 (1): 110–129.

Rumberger, Russell W. 1983. “Social Mobility and Public Sector Employment.” Stanford: Stanford University, California Institute for Research on Educational Finance and Governance.

Putman Diana Briton, Noor Mohamood Cabdi, 1993. The Somalis: Their History and Culture. Center for Applied Linguistics. p. 1.

"2014 MAA-CBO Directory" . Minnesota DOH.

Afrah M.M., Minneapolis, Minnesota 2004. "Talking Point: Somalis in America, Two Thumps Up".

"Immigration & Language". 2008. Minnesota State Demographic Center.

Lee Cassanelli. The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 1600–1900. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.

Minnesota State Demographic Center. Available at https://mn.gov/admin/demography/data-by-topic/immigration-language/

Capps Randy and others, “The Integration Outcomes of U.S. Refugees: Successes and Challenges” (Washington: Migration Policy Institute, 2015), available at http:// www.migrationpolicy.org/research/integration-outcomes-us-refugees-successes-and-challenges

Hammond Laura, “Somali refugee displacements in the near region: Analysis and Recommendations” (Geneva: U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees Global Initiative on Somali Refugees, 2013), available at http://www. unhcr.org/55152c699.html

Jeanne Batalova, Michael Fix, and Peter A. Creticos, “Uneven Progress: The Employment Pathways of Skilled Immigrants in the United States” (Washington: Migration Policy Institute, 2008), available at http://www. migrationpolicy.org/research/uneven-progress-employment-pathways-skilled-immigrants-united-states

Zamora Lazaro, “Immigration 101: Path to Citizenship” (Washington: Bipartisan Policy Center, 2014), available at http://bipartisanpolicy.org/library/immigration101-path-citizenship/.

Starte Regulation

Title page

State regulation

Hello Marine,

I agree with your views about the significance of nursing regulations and how they are actually working in your two selected states; Kentucky and Connecticut. I agree that APRN have acquired different statuses in the state of Kentucky such as midwife, clinical specialist and anesthetist. I agree that regulations play important role in promoting overall health of the patients by highlighting the requirements of practicing which allow only certified nurses to practice CITATION Nic15 \l 1033 (Blazek, 2015). I think that one of the most significant regulation of the Kentucky and Connecticut states is that the nurse must have background in nursing. They must possess certification program that assure that only competent nurses will be addressing the patients.

I agree with the post that the regulations of Illinois are effective for providing adequate care. This also minimizes the risks of unqualified nurses attending the patients. I agree that the regulations for APRN are encouraging them to develop nursing skills and acquire all qualifications that are crucial for joining the clinics or healthcare institutes. The nurse needs to prove her competency before getting a certificate for practice CITATION EMc14 \l 1033 (McCleery, Christensen, Peterson, Humphrey, & Helfand, 2014).

I believe that one of the significant advantages of these state regulations is minimization of medication errors. When hospitals will hire more capable and qualified nurses, fewer incidents will be reported about the medication errors or mismanagement. There are common regulations in Kentucky and Connecticut because both require that the nurse must obtain certification before becoming a practicing nurse. They can also prescribe controlled substances by following the instructions and guidelines of the state regulations. I agree that implementation of strict regulations have improved the quality of care and satisfaction of the patients.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Coventry, L. L., Pickles, S., Sin, M., Towell, A., Giles, M., Murray, K., et al. (2017). Impact of the Orthopaedic Nurse Practitioner role on acute hospital length of stay and cost‐savings for patients with hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study. JAN , 731 (11).

Been-Dahmen, J. M., Hazes, J. D., Staa, A., & Ista, E. (2015). Nurses' views on patient self-management: a qualitative study. . J Adv Nurs , 71 (12), 2834-45.

Blazek, N. (2015). NPs important leaders for evidence-based practice, improving patient outcomes. NAPNAP .

McCleery, E., Christensen, V., Peterson, K., Humphrey, L., & Helfand, M. (2014). Evidence Brief: The Quality of Care Provided by Advanced Practice Nurses. . PubMed .

Philpot, C., Tolson, D., & Morley, J. E. (2013). Advanced practice nurses and attending physicians: a collaboration to improve quality of care in the nursing home. ournal of the American Medical Directors Associtaion .

Strategic Analysis

Strategic analysis

Name of student

Name of institution

Name of instructor

Date of submission

Red Robin is a fast foods company that focuses on expanding its boundaries to other regions across the world. Marketing strategies used by the company are numerous. Differentiation is one of the most popular ways through which the company gets to win new clients. Though it does not function like the other normal fast food joints that many people know, to some extent it has the same operating procedure. The only difference is that it has a service strategy where the clients take the drinks without having to carry them like in other companies (John, 1986). In most cases, the company does not do deliveries like the other fast food joints. The company should come up with specific products that are meant to address the needs of different types of clients. The company needs to research on the characteristics of different market segments that can help to increase revenue for the company.

For Red Robin, the company has failed to note the importance of differentiation in marketing. A big company like Red Robin should be able to study the clients with a view of understanding what they like. The company has failed to differentiate the market based on different factors. Though it might appear to be an expensive process, it is likely to make the clients to feel more satisfied by creating a small market segment where they fit. The company is currently marketing its products without considering the fact that there are many market segments that should be attended to. Currently, there are many small companies that are trying to fill the small market segments. The fact that this is a big company does not mean that it should only focus on the large market segments. The growth of the small companies starts with the small market segments and this reduces the number of clients who opt to buy the company’s products. Differentiation helps such big companies to address the smaller market segments that are always increasing in number. The reason why this company might experience reduction on revenue is the fact that they continue to assume the small market segments (Sharp et al., 2001).

Marketing strategies can either make a company to be successful or to fail. A company that aims to address the needs of every client in the market has the ability to increase sales. Once the clients notice that the company is always striving to satisfy them, they will also refer other clients to the company. For example, when it comes to pricing, the company can come up with convenient packaging and prices based in the regions they wish to sell such products. There are clients who may not be able to afford the large packages. The company should strategize with an intention of ensuring that they understand the market well.

The internal environment of this company supports such a strategy. The company is always involved in research with the aim of satisfying the clients. The same amount of energy should be focused on researching how to use differentiation in marketing with the aim of increasing the market share. The external environment is also conducive for such a strategy. Currently, different people have their own definition of how they wish to have their food. When the company carries out a research to define the different types of clients and what they like, the company will definitely come up with a comprehensive way of addressing the issues. This can be a good long-term strategy that can help to win more and more clients over time. Continued research will continue to define new market segments that can be addressed by coming up with products that are mainly meant to satisfy such a group of people (John, 1986). The revenue collected from sales will also increase in the long run.

References

Sharp, Byron; Dawes, John (2001), "What is Differentiation and How Does it Work?," Journal of Marketing Management, 17, 739-59. doi:10.1362/026725701323366809

 Sutton, John (May 1986). "Vertical Product Differentiation: Some Basic Themes". The American Economic Review. 76, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Ninety-Eighth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association (May, 1986), pp. 393-398 (American Economic Association): 393–398. JSTOR 1818803.

Strategic Thinking

Strategic thinking in hospitals

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Strategic thinking in hospitals

In the health care arena, many organizations are working to help and treat people. Organizations nursing staff, doctors, management and administration are working for a sustainable health sector. Proper strategic thinking and planning leads the hospitals to identify opportunities for the development and competition in the health care industry

Hospitals in the health sector can be considered as a complex service because of their activities, multiple objectives, professional diversity and nature of work. Hospitals are not only limited to surgeries or medicines, but they also offer many services like nursing care, imaging, and visual health checkups. Strategic thinking is the art of managers which shows the creativity and perceptions of their particular environment ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3eaz5b6L","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Nahid, Habib, Taghi, Akbar, & Hassan, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Nahid, Habib, Taghi, Akbar, & Hassan, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":83,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/6ITBYB3C"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/6ITBYB3C"],"itemData":{"id":83,"type":"article-journal","title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC THINKING AND READINESS TO CHANGE AMONG MANAGERS OF SOCIAL SECURITY HOSPITALS IN ISFAHAN, IRAN","page":"114-119","volume":"13","issue":"248","source":"www.sid.ir","abstract":"Download Free Full-Text of an article THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC THINKING AND READINESS TO CHANGE AMONG MANAGERS OF SOCIAL SECURITY HOSPITALS IN ISFAHAN, IRAN","language":"En","author":[{"family":"Nahid","given":"Jamali"},{"family":"Habib","given":"Danayi"},{"family":"Taghi","given":"Amini Mohammad"},{"family":"Akbar","given":"Hassanzadeh"},{"family":"Hassan","given":"Emami Seyyed Mohammad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",1,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Nahid, Habib, Taghi, Akbar, & Hassan, 2016). Strategic thinking in hospitals is to develop such plans which would satisfy the patients, and workers by meeting their concerns.

Organizations expand their working sectors according to the resources available, this can create maximum opportunities. So, expanding services means to provide opportunities with the help of strategic thinking and planning. Organizations like hospitals achieve organizational objectives to get prepared to compete in the industry by making changes within the organization and develop to create resources. However maximum resources mean maximum opportunities for individuals and facilities for the staff, and patients.

Hospitals can compete in the industry by showing flexibility towards change and strategic thinking enables the organization to create adopt such plans, and actions that would be supportive of the achievement of goals. Hospitals with strategic thinking translate the aims, objectives, and goals into efficient visions, and missions ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dd5YPUi4","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ginter, Duncan, & Swayne, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Ginter, Duncan, & Swayne, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":86,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/QTJAXH7P"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/smYQhi21/items/QTJAXH7P"],"itemData":{"id":86,"type":"book","title":"The Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","number-of-pages":"528","source":"Google Books","abstract":"A comprehensive guide to effective strategic management of health care organizations. Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations provides essential guidance for leading health care organizations through strategic management. This structured approach to strategic management examines the processes of strategic thinking, consensus building and documentation of that thinking into a strategic plan, and creating and maintaining strategic momentum – all essential for coping with the rapidly evolving health care industry. Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations fully explains how strategic managers must become strategic thinkers with the ability to evaluate a changing industry, analyze data, question assumptions, and develop new ideas. The book guides readers through the strategic planning process demonstrating how to incorporate strategic thinking and create and document a clear and coherent plan of action. In addition, the all-important processes of creating and maintaining the strategic momentum of the organization are fully described. Finally, the text demonstrates how strategic managers in carrying out the strategic plan, must evaluate its success, learn more about what works, and incorporate new strategic thinking into operations and subsequent planning. This strategic management approach has become the de facto standard for health care management as leadership and strategic management are more critical than ever in coping with an industry in flux. This book provides heath care management students as well as health care administrators with foundational guidance on strategic management concepts and practices, tailored to the unique needs of the health care industry. Included are a clear discussion of health services external analysis, organizational internal analysis, the development of directional strategies, strategy alternative identification and evaluation, and the development and management of implementation strategies providing an informative and insightful resource for anyone in the field. This new eighth edition has been fully updated to reflect new insights into strategic thinking, new methods to conceptualize and document critical environmental issues, practical steps for carrying out each of the strategic management processes, industry and management essentials for strategic thinkers , and new case studies for applying the strategic management processes. More specifically, readers of this edition will be able to: Create a process for developing a strategic plan for a health care organization. Map and analyze external issues, trends, and events in the general environment, the health care system, and the service area. Conduct a comprehensive service area competitor analysis. Perform an internal analysis and determine the competitive advantages and competitive disadvantages. Develop directional strategies. Identify strategic alternatives and make rational strategic decisions for a health care organization. Develop a comprehensive strategy for a health care organization. Create effective value-adding service delivery and support strategies. Translate service delivery and support plans into specific action plans. The health care industry’s revolutionary change remains ongoing and organizational success depends on leadership. Strategic management has become the single clearest manifestation of effective leadership of health care organizations and the strategic management framework’s strengths are needed now more than ever. The Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations provides comprehensive guidance and up-to-date practices to help leaders keep their organizations on track.","ISBN":"978-1-119-34970-9","note":"Google-Books-ID: 3qVFDwAAQBAJ","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Ginter","given":"Peter M."},{"family":"Duncan","given":"W. Jack"},{"family":"Swayne","given":"Linda E."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",2,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ginter, Duncan, & Swayne, 2018). So, developing strategic thinking in hospitals is to make them able to adopt the new trends and accept the challenges. Strategic thinking in organizations like hospitals helps to improve efficiency, so when hospitals are working efficiently it means that they are competing with other organizations.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Ginter, P. M., Duncan, W. J., & Swayne, L. E. (2018). The Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations. John Wiley & Sons.

Nahid, J., Habib, D., Taghi, A. M., Akbar, H., & Hassan, E. S. M. (2016). The Relationship Between Strategic Thinking And Readiness To Change Among Managers Of Social Security Hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. 13(248), 114–119.

Pascuci, L. M., Meyer Júnior, V., Crubellate, J. M., Pascuci, L. M., Meyer Júnior, V., & Crubellate, J. M. (2017). Strategic Management in Hospitals: Tensions between the Managerial and Institutional Lens. BAR - Brazilian Administration Review, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2017160092

Stuff Dot Inc. – Rewarding Users For Actively Shopping And Sharing!

Title of the Paper

Student Name

University

Major Competitor Analysis

AddShoppers

Strength

Human assistance at Addshoppers is certainly exceptional. Staff is very creative who are all the time prepared to attempt new experiments and also suggest new ways to grow business. AddShoppers is capable to grow out to discover users that have been to their website.

Weakness

The information desk can be a little awkward and may not all the time suggest the data you need. You cannot manage all the sites on Addshopers at the same time; you have to manage them individually. You cannot test or can make changes on your own.

Bluecore

Strength

Bluecore is very good while dealing with CRM. It allows you to separate subscriber sections and apply them in different channels: email, search and particularly in Facebook specified all of their direct API integrations. They listen to consumer ideas, hear their business challenges, and cooperate with them to resolve their issues.

Weakness

Bluecore lack designing tools for their consumers. It takes too much to create an audience at times. Bluecore is not easy to understand and it takes some high-level information to be able to learn this system.

User-friendliness Actions Analysis

In their recent update, it enables the user to earn more commission. Now users can have different ways to earn commission and it encourages other individuals to use their website or application to earn a commission. Now StuffDOT is more flexible than before, you can shop, share, and earn commission anywhere at any time. By adding a retailer list now user can see which shop is offering commission and also how much StuffDOT shoppers earns inn retailer list. Now users can search for shops, deals, and products without leaving the site. Users can track their purchases and commissions accordingly.

Social Media Platform

Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram-they are all free and they can be utilized for business purposes to interact with their users without deviation. But the thought that interaction with users is easy, free, and fast is wrong. There are steps you can take to accelerate the procedure.

S.M.A.R.T. Objectives

For developing a win-win strategy you need to set up your objectives. Without targets, you have no technique to estimate victory or ROI.

Your every objective should be:

Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Relevant

Time-bound

This is the SMART objective structure. It will lead your steps and make sure they guide to actual business results.

Track Metrics

Conceit metric such as re-tweets and likes are easy to trace, but it’s difficult to show their actual value. Rather, focus on objectives like leads produced, web suggestions, and changing rates. You may want to trace multiple objectives for distinct means, or you want to use every channel differently. Be very sure to arrange your social platform objectives with your complete advertising strategy. This will make it straightforward for you to signify the worth of your effort and get professional buy-in and financing.

Knowing Your Audience

Perceiving who your user-and supreme consumer-is and what they need to perceive on social media is the way to producing information that they will relate with, criticize, and share. To turn social platform followers into consumer for your business is very critical.

Conduct Analysis

A competitor’s survey enables you to perceive who the opposition is and what they are performing effectively (and not so effectively). You will come by a good sight of what’s going on in your market, which will assist you to place social platform objectives of your own.

This inspection will also guide you to identify possibilities. For example, perhaps one of your opponents is superior on Facebook but has put small attempt into Twitter or Instagram. You might need to make that platform your center of attention where your user is located, rather than working to gain followers away for a superior competitor.

Inspect your Attempts

Previously if you have used social platform tool, you have to move back and examine what you have achieved in the past. Remind yourself of the following questions:

What’s in your favor, and what’s not?

Who is associating with you on social platforms?

Which platform does your target customer use?

How does your social platform existence compare to that of your opponent?

For planning how to enhance your outcomes, you will have better imitating point if you collect all these details in one spot.

Changes Needed In Website

The positioning of opt-in Offer

With the modest change of an opt-in present, you can attain substantial outcomes!

A usual and foremost implementation is to give little incentive to gather email addresses. Remember that and opt-in present is an excellent tool for collecting consumer’s email addresses and establishing your email record for fine marketing strategy in the future. The opt-in present positioning on a website can have a great effect on many users as well.

There are some choices to place your opt-in form on the website:

Sidebar

Header

Footer

Middle of content

Bottom of the content

Pop up

Welcome page

Calls to Actions

Always keep in mind: You can come up with a straightforward call to action on every item which a subscriber or guest comes in contact with.

Are you providing a signup course of action for the journal?

Appealing them to like your social platform page?

Downloading any significant files connected to your company?

Or any buy choice accessible to the consumers?

To accomplish all your objectives in marketing then you should add all above options in your website.

Don’t add a phrase like “click here”. A CTA is a command that motivates gestures. Utilize actionable and simple text in your CTA. For example, “shop now”, “Reserve your Order”, etc.

References

Chen, M. J. (1996). Competitor analysis and interfirm rivalry: Toward a theoretical integration. Academy of management review, 21(1), 100-134.

Ghoshal, S., & Westney, D. E. (1991). Organizing competitor analysis systems. Strategic Management Journal, 12(1), 17-31.

Osman, R., & Hwang, F. (2018, July). An instrument for assessing e-commerce web object designs against guidelines for older adults. In Proceedings of the 32nd International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference (p. 100). BCS Learning & Development Ltd..

Kakizaki, Y., Akiyama, T., Otani, K., & Sasaki, R. (2016). Online Accounts Management Method Using Risk-Based Approach. Journal of Computer and Communications, 4(14), 26.

Hoffman, D. L., & Fodor, M. (2010). Can you measure the ROI of your social media marketing?. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(1), 41.

Kim, A. J., & Ko, E. (2012). Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand. Journal of Business research, 65(10), 1480-1486.

Evans, D. (2010). Social media marketing: An hour a day. John Wiley & Sons.

Ashley, C., & Tuten, T. (2015). Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement. Psychology & Marketing, 32(1), 15-27.

Erdoğmuş, İ. E., & Cicek, M. (2012). The impact of social media marketing on brand loyalty. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1353-1360.

Amanah, D., Hurriyati, R., Gaffar, V., Wibowo, L. A., Harahap, D. A., & Saragih, Y. D. (2017). Which is More Influential in Online Purchasing Decisions: Price or Trust. In 1st International Conference on Islamic Economics, Bussiness and Philanthropy (pp. 798-803).

Teacher’s Role

Teacher’s Role

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Teacher’s Role

How will you prepare for a meeting with a family when a challenging behavior occurs?

Preparing for meeting with child’s parents to discuss the challenging behavior is critical step towards the tackling the behavior. But parents can often become defensive in such meetings, which can be avoided by preparing for the meeting. Make sure to share the issue with the parents with the facts. Note down all the important points that are required to discuss in the meeting. Be sure to ask parents relevant questions regarding the child’s behavior. Never look for reassurance from parent’s side regarding the interventions, but make sure to discuss the interventions taken by you for improving child’s behavior.

List three strategies you will use when meeting with a family to discuss their child’s behavior

I will talk to them in friendly tone.

I will inform the parents about behavior on basis of facts not rumors.

I will not sugarcoat the facts and shoot them straight the way they are.

Examine your own attitude and discuss whether or not you think families are responsible for how their child behaves at school. Support your stance.

It is important for teacher to examine her own attitude with the child to see if she herself can be responsible for causing the challenging behavior of the child. I will examine my own attitude and try to see if I am at mistake. I personally think that parents and families can be responsible for child’s behavior at school and the children get deeply influenced by the tensions and stresses that they face at home.

What data and records will you bring into the discussion to help move the conversation forward in a positive direction?

Depending upon the type of problem caused by child, I will bring all the relevant records to the meeting, to inform the parents. For example if child’s relevant performance is dropping, I will show test’s and assignment’s scores to the parents. Similarly if the issue is reading attendees I will show them attendance records. Incase if the issue is regarding discipline I will show them disciplinary cards. These records will ensure that parents know the exact facts; these records will help parents believe that teacher is trying to help the student and they are on same page for problem’s solution(Linsin, 2019).

Beyond these considerations, what other factors may be involved?

Other factors that influence the teacher-parent meeting is the readiness of the meeting room and time selected for the meeting. Teacher should ensure that meeting time is selected keeping the parental convincing in mind. Also all the relevant records and reports should be kept ready, to avoid inconvenience during meeting.

References

Linsin, M. (2019). How To Talk To Parents About Their Misbehaving Child. Retrieved from https://www.smartclassroommanagement.com/2011/06/04/how-to-talk-to-parents-about-their-misbehaving-child/

Texas V. Johnson Brandenburg. Extra Credit

Texas v. Johnson Brandenburg

Author name

Affiliations

In 1984, respondent Johnson took part in a political protest to object the policies of the Reagan administration. During the protest, Johnson burned an American flag that caused no physical injury to any person. However, this flag burning offended several witnesses. As a result, he was convicted of a violation of the 1st amendment and Texas law that forbids destroying respected objects. He was fined $2,000 and was sentenced to one year in prison. His conviction was overturned with his appeal to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. The court motive was that the State could not penalize Johnson for burning the flag as the First Amendment defends such activity as symbolic speech. A symbolic speech is an expression of an idea such as flag waving and demonstrations.

According to the 1st amendment, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of the religion, or prohibiting the free exercise or abridging the freedom of speech, or the right of the people to assemble peacefully”. Therefore, the government has no right to proscribe speech if it is disagreeable. It can only restrict speech for a legitimate government resolution. The speech can only be stopped if it is intended to lead to violence, likely to lead to violence and will lead to imminent violence. The Texas Court of Criminal reversed the appeal based on this 1st amendment. It further concluded that the State could not illegally approve flag desecration as it had not resulted in the serious disturbance. According to the court, as a result of arrest and fine, Johnson’s civil and constitutional liberties were definitely desecrated. Moreover, man’s expression of burning the flag is safeguarded in the United States Constitution. Therefore, based on the 1st Amendment to the United States Constitution, Johnson won the case as the symbolic speech is constitutionally protected even when it is offensive.

The Challenge Of Change

The Challenge of Change

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

The Challenge of Change

It is said that “Change is the only constant thing”, and stands to be very true. Change is inevitable, no matter what area it is, change is going to come and no one can avoid it. Most of the time, change cannot be stopped or even controlled, only the strategies can be devised or moulded according to this change. Whether it’s a change in nature or geography due to some natural cause or some man-made cause, precautionary measures can be taken during the process of change or after the change.

If a particular scenario of the business is considered, there are a number of instances where change proves to be beneficial for the organization. Especially in the case of healthcare organizations, change proves to be very effective and helpful as it is intended for the betterment of the patients (Fullan, 2009). A positive change in the area of health care affects millions positively.

Managing change in the sector of healthcare and nursing has never been an easy task, in fact, is a very complex and challenging phase. This dynamic process is never a choice between technological or people-oriented solutions; however, it is a combination of all the factors. An effective change in the area of healthcare as unfreezing old behaviors, introducing new behaviors and re-freezing them.

Employees usually show reluctance in accepting the change but managers are usually motivated to bring in the change. Change in the area of healthcare and medicine may be continuous, rare, occasional sporadic or continuous. Most of the times changes are unpredictable, and the strategies usually are designed after the change has taken place. The examples of successful changes in the area of healthcare are the induction of technology and the computerized record-keeping of the details or medical records of the patients.

References

Fullan, M. (2009). The challenge of change: Start school improvement now!. Corwin Press.

THE CONCEPT OF FRAMING IN CROSS-CULTURAL BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

The Concept of Framing in Cross-Cultural Business Communication

[Author’s Name]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

The Concept of Framing in Cross-Cultural Business Communication

Research Paper Analysis

           Adoption of an appropriate form of business communication is recognized as a necessary condition for the corporate organizations to successfully meet their organizational objectives. The broad idea of business communication is closely linked with the spectrum of cross-cultural organizational setting. It is one complex phenomenon for the stakeholders to meet the targets of proper communication considering various aspects of the cross-cultural workforce. It is noteworthy to mention that the concept of cultural frames is actively linked with the factor of human experiences under the domain of business communication and social interaction level. 

           The central focus of the researcher in this piece of research work is to critically analyze the approach of frames and their implications in signifying experience considering the perspective of cross-cultural business communication. The idea of framing is considered by the researcher as the central domain to analyze various forms of cultural differences and their influence on the spectrum of business communication. The awareness, comprehension, and appropriation of differences are characterized as the fundamental aspects to determine the requirements of business communication when it comes to the main approach of cultural differences. 

           It is noteworthy to mention that the dissimilarities of communication media can be observed by considering three basic forms of opposition. These main spectrums are characterized as high-context/low-context, sequential/synchronic, and affective/neutral cultures (Dumbravă, 2010). All these theoretical measures can be used to effectively determine the idea of cultural differences and apprehend business communication strategies accordingly. It is recommended by the researcher that the identification of basic distinctions in the form of language for diverse culture is an obligatory condition to develop and implement desired forms of business communication. Moreover, the practical approach of cross-cultural negotiations is another significant measure to positively influence business interaction through different verbal and non-verbal communication cues. Proper knowledge of different patterns of perception, and attitudes of people in a cross-cultural context is an essential condition to ensure a successful form of business communication between all the shareholders.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Dumbravă, G. (2010). The concept of framing in cross-cultural business communication. Annals of the University of Petroşani-Economics, 10(Part I), 83–90.

The Congressional Medal Of Honor.

The Congressional Medal of Honor

Farrion McCollough

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

The Congressional Medal of Honor

Major Charles s. Kettles values had always inspired the American people. Being a flight Commander, he had served the nations with conspicuous gallantry and thoughtfulness. Belonging from the 14th Combat division of Aviation, he always stood different from his contemporaries. On May 15th in the year 1967, he volunteered his services to fight against the enemy, when the American airborne infantry unit suffered serious injuries during a firefight ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"daf7syXI","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Jordan 1996)","plainCitation":"(Jordan 1996)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":233,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/2XPK337Y"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/2XPK337Y"],"itemData":{"id":233,"type":"book","publisher":"Schiffer Military History","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Yesterday's Heroes: 433 Men of World War II Awarded the Medal of Honor, 1941-1945","title-short":"Yesterday's Heroes","author":[{"family":"Jordan","given":"Kenneth N."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1996"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Jordan 1996). He carried reinforcement and led the battle from the front, while also evacuating the wounded personnel. He ended up landing during the intense firefight with the enemy, which resulted in serious injuries. In such condition, he was successful bring back the helicopter which was facing fuel leakage as well.

Major Kettles exhibited the values of velour, bravery and commitment to duty. The United States Armed forces depicts these values, along with ensuring commitment to the country’s interests. Major Kettle’s services reveal all such values ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"YEweCkti","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(CMOHS.org - Private First Class CURREY, FRANCIS S., U.S. Army n.d.)","plainCitation":"(CMOHS.org - Private First Class CURREY, FRANCIS S., U.S. Army n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":231,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/4L3RNSIZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/4L3RNSIZ"],"itemData":{"id":231,"type":"webpage","title":"CMOHS.org - Private First Class CURREY, FRANCIS S., U.S. Army","URL":"http://www.cmohs.org/recipient-detail/2698/currey-francis-s.php","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",1,2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CMOHS.org - Private First Class CURREY, FRANCIS S., U.S. Army n.d.). He left behind the legacy that despite worst conditions, the enemy must be countered and any asset belonging to the land of ours must be taken care of. His services had been so important during the Vietnam War, he would therefore, be remembered for securing the interests of the US land. For those who aspire to become a part of the US air forces, should inspire him, since he was part of the last crew who fought for securing peace and the American values.

There are many Americans out there, who want to be part of these dressed services. The values Major Kettles had exhibited are self- explanatory. Padmanabhan writes that if you are strong enough to witness the enemy, you should not shy away from facing him by showing the best example of velour you have ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ZW6OWKpy","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Padmanabhan 2010)","plainCitation":"(Padmanabhan 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":234,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/BYCQUDXQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/BYCQUDXQ"],"itemData":{"id":234,"type":"book","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Gravitation: foundations and frontiers","title-short":"Gravitation","author":[{"family":"Padmanabhan","given":"Thanu"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Padmanabhan 2010). This quote falls exactly right to the example of Major Kettles.

References:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY “CMOHS.Org - Private First Class CURREY, FRANCIS S., U.S. Army.” http://www.cmohs.org/recipient-detail/2698/currey-francis-s.php (January 2, 2020).

Jordan, Kenneth N. 1996. Yesterday’s Heroes: 433 Men of World War II Awarded the Medal of Honor, 1941-1945. Schiffer Military History.

Padmanabhan, Thanu. 2010. Gravitation: Foundations and Frontiers. Cambridge University Press.

The Development Of The American Economy

Post-Civil War Revolution

Submitted by

Affiliation

Date

The American Civil War (1861-1865) was the bloodiest conflict in the Western world between the Napoleonic wars and the First World War. There were a lot of changes that occurred after the civil war including poverty, slavery, and the industrial revolution. Nullification Crisis also brought to light the deep economic divisions between states. Those in the Northeast industrialized rapidly, and this industrialization, especially the emergence of the railroad, began to transform the American economy. Protectionism was becoming an increasingly popular policy in these industrialized states, which wanted the United States to close imports of manufactures imported from abroad. The economies of the West and South were based on exports, wheat and other cereals for the West and cotton for the South: these states were in favor of free trade. They wanted access to European manufactured goods, which were cheaper and often of better quality, and to continue buying them, they needed to export their crops freely.

The main export crop of the southern states was cotton, which was produced by slave labor. The invention in 1793 of the first gin (which separated the fiber inexpensively and efficiently) made cotton production very lucrative. Even though popular imagery represents a South of great mansions and thousands of slaves, a quarter of slave owners owned only between one and nine slaves, a good half-owned between ten and 49 and only a quarter in had more than 50. Besides, the number of slave owners was declining. In 1850, 36% of the white southerners owned slaves; in 1860, they were less than 25% (Korstad & Lichtenstein, 1988). The states of the North abolish slavery one after the other, few granted the right of citizenship to black Americans; the right to vote, to be part of a jury or to marry whites were denied. In the western states, so-called "black codes," which banned black Americans from living or moving there, were also popular. The majority of historians recognize that what was called "Negrophobia" overwhelmingly dominated the opinion of white Americans, whether in the North or the South. (Gordon, 2017).

The growing importance of American industrialization and related issues such as economic development, transportation, urbanization, and pre-war protectionism are discussed by Charles G. Sellars, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America 1815-1846. The economic boom of the 1920s, succeeding the profits made during the war years, seems to bring the United States to a future without problems (Westad, 1992). Production increases continuously - or almost -, the standard of living of most Americans is increasing, a consumption spree is on new products, including the automobile, and seems to entail with it the appearance of a way of life ensuring material comfort and free of worries for the next day. An industrialist like Ford designs his cars to sell to his workers.

During the 1920s, the number of strikes continued to decline. Where they took place, it was very often because of the role played by radicalized or communist militants. Most of these strikes were met with open and ferocious repression. In addition to the hunt for workers' militants and the "reds", and the roadblocks against attempts to organize themselves collectively, the employers did not disdain to get rid of the unions of the very conservative trade union confederation AFL (the American Federation of Labor), to set up house unions in their place. In 1926, there were 432 house unions, with more than one million three hundred thousand workers and more than a third of the number of workers organized by the AFL (Wright,1987). This number will also increase at the time of the crisis and during the first months of the Roosevelt administration. The AFL represented the most conservative tradition of American trade unionism.

References

Gordon, R. J. (2017). The rise and fall of American growth: The US standard of living since the

civil war (Vol. 70). Princeton University Press.

Korstad, R., & Lichtenstein, N. (1988). Opportunities found and lost: Labor, radicals, and the

early civil rights movement. The Journal of American History, 75(3), 786-811.

Westad, O. A. (1992). Cold War and revolution: Soviet-American rivalry and the origins of the

Chinese Civil War, 1944-1946.

Wright, G. (1987). The economic revolution in the American South. Journal of Economic

Perspectives, 1(1), 161-178.

The Ethics Of Distributive Justice

The ethics of distributive justice

The ethics of distributive justice

The idea of basic income has remained a hot topic for many years in the international forums. Depending on the economic conditions of different countries, the experts present different arguments. For example, the majority of them argue that each country should incentivize the economic and healthcare condition for all citizens by depositing a minimal sum in its own currency. This minimal sum from the state can be the initial income of each citizen and will be regarded as the starting salary above the poverty line. Scott Santens in his article published by the World Economic Forum argues that these basic incomes will be the unconditional guarantees of economics and health care.

Since social safety net is not discriminating in nature so welfare cannot be made conditional in any state. Many countries of the world cannot guarantee equal working opportunities to its citizens. The developing countries like Russia and China also fall in this category. On the other hand, in the United States, the basic income was tested in the year 1970. In the same year some states in Canada managed to eliminate poverty for five years. This was possible when states assured a minimum level of income for each citizen which guaranteed their rights from the state. Different to this, there is an opinion that why the State should provide money to its citizens for doing nothing. Santens argue that provision of a basic sum to each citizen can outweigh the economic benefits offered to the state by its citizen. Therefore, these minimal level of economic and healthcare opportunities should be unconditionally guaranteed to each citizen.

The example of the United States and Canada shows how the provision of a minimal sum can guarantee the health care and economic wellbeing of the citizens. Similar, the developing countries like Russia and China which aim at incentivizing the healthcare and economic opportunities generally, donot prioritize the individual development of citizens. Many underdeveloping states like India, Namibia and Brazil have experimented such programs with collaborating with some private entities like Y Combinator and GiveDirectly. The results of such experiments have proved encouraging in light of their growing populations.

Bibliography:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Davala, Sarath, Renana Jhabvala, Guy Standing, and Soumya Kapoor Mehta. Basic Income: A Transformative Policy for India. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015.

Pateman, Carole. “Democratizing Citizenship: Some Advantages of a Basic Income.” Politics & Society 32, no. 1 (2004): 89–105.

“Why We Should All Have a Basic Income.” World Economic Forum. Accessed July 15, 2019. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/why-we-should-all-have-a-basic-income/.