Regulation

Regulations for Prescribing Controlled Substances Comparison

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Hello Colon

Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) are certified nationally but their state laws determine their extent of practicing independently. Texas Board of Nursing (BON) allow APRNs who hold full licensure and a valid prescription authorization number to order and prescribe certain categories of CS. In Texas, APRNs can prescribe Schedules III, IV or V, Controlled Substances. Furthermore, they require a physician consultation before prescribing any CS for children under 2 years. They are allowed to prescribe CS in Schedule II only to patients admitted to a hospital emergency department. Like Texas, New Jersey BON regulations also allow administration of schedule II-V CS. However, unlike with Texas, New Jersey APRNs are not as restricted when prescribing schedule II CS.

On the other hand, in my state Connecticut, there is the Department of Public Health (DPH) who licensed nurse practitioners as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"aZ51IV7l","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kasprak, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Kasprak, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2365,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/UJVXNSGW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/UJVXNSGW"],"itemData":{"id":2365,"type":"webpage","title":"NURSE PRACTITIONERS (APRNS)","URL":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/2009/rpt/2009-R-0301.htm","author":[{"family":"Kasprak","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kasprak, 2009). These are the primary care providers in this state and they are required to work in collaboration with a physician. Thus, by working in collaboration with a physician they can recommend, allot and administer medications ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"oygumeZ0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(A. Stokowski, 2018)","plainCitation":"(A. Stokowski, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2368,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/HXSHJZZD"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/HXSHJZZD"],"itemData":{"id":2368,"type":"webpage","title":"APRN Prescribing Law: A State-by-State Summary","author":[{"family":"A. Stokowski","given":"Laura"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (A. Stokowski, 2018). Included in these medications are also Schedule II to V controlled substances. APRNs are required to include these items in their prescriptions (1) the name and address of the patient, or the name and address of the owner of an animal and the species of the animal, (2) specific age of patient (3) the amount of the drug (4) directions for use (5) prescribing practitioner’s name and address (6) issuance date and (7) practitioner’s the Federal Registry number ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"QO438Dsm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Requirements for Writing Prescriptions for Controlled Substances,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Requirements for Writing Prescriptions for Controlled Substances,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2369,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/CTDS8EPM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/CTDS8EPM"],"itemData":{"id":2369,"type":"webpage","title":"Requirements for Writing Prescriptions for Controlled Substances","URL":"https://ctvet.org/about/news/requirements-writing-prescriptions-controlled-substances"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Requirements for Writing Prescriptions for Controlled Substances,” n.d.). Moreover, Connecticut is also running “Connecticut Prescription Monitoring Program” which is a web-based application that assists prescribers in providing better care to its patients as well as to decrease addiction and overdose. SB 302 is a New Connecticut Law, SB 302 that permits the telemedicine prescribing of controlled substances ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"uGY0TQyv","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(M. Lacktman, 2018)","plainCitation":"(M. Lacktman, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2367,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/CAUS5NF9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/CAUS5NF9"],"itemData":{"id":2367,"type":"webpage","title":"New Connecticut Law Allows Telemedicine Prescribing of Controlled Substances","URL":"https://www.foley.com/en/insights/publications/2018/06/new-connecticut-law-allows-telemedicine-prescribin","author":[{"family":"M. Lacktman","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (M. Lacktman, 2018).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Stokowski, L. (2018). APRN Prescribing Law: A State-by-State Summary.

Kasprak, J. (2009). NURSE PRACTITIONERS (APRNs). Retrieved from https://www.cga.ct.gov/2009/rpt/2009-R-0301.htm

M. Lacktman, N. (2018). New Connecticut Law Allows Telemedicine Prescribing of Controlled Substances. Retrieved from https://www.foley.com/en/insights/publications/2018/06/new-connecticut-law-allows-telemedicine-prescribin

Requirements for Writing Prescriptions for Controlled Substances. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://ctvet.org/about/news/requirements-writing-prescriptions-controlled-substances

Regulation

Title page

Regulation

Hello Michele,

Your post provides a brief overview of the regulations for controlled substances and regulations for dispensing drugs and drug sample comparisons. The selected regulatory environment and regulations are different from my state/ region. The Texas Board has allowed nurse practitioners to prescribe schedules III, IV and V drugs. They can also prescribe refills for a 90-days period CITATION NJ18 \l 1033 (NJ, 2018). However, regulations are different in New Jersey because nurses can only prescribe schedule II and V drugs. In Texas, nurses are eligible to prescribe schedule II drugs only when patients are admitted to the hospitals CITATION BON17 \l 1033 (BON, 2017).

Compared to New Jersey different regulations prevails in Atlanta where nurse practitioners can prescribe schedule III-V drugs CITATION SOS17 \l 1033 (SOS, 2017). This indicates that like Texas licensed professionals can prescribe the scheduled drugs after submitting the written proposal. There is one similarity in these states are nurses are required to follow all regulations for prescribing controlled substances. In all states, the regulations exist for ensuring that nurse practitioners adopt adequate standards that lead to the safety and welfare of the patients. In Atlanta, the license is suspended for nurses who fail to comply with the rules or are engaged in misconduct.

The regulations for dispensing drugs and drug sample comparisons in Texas and New Jersey influence APRN's role in practice. The regulations make it compulsory for nurses to acquire adequate knowledge of the BON rules. The state of Atlanta has also allowed registered nurses to dispense drugs. According to the regulations, a registered professional nurse is permitted to authorize and dispense pursuant issued in accordance with nurse protocol CITATION Geo181 \l 1033 (Georgia, 2018). In Atlanta, the nurse practitioners need to provide written report for dispensing drugs.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY BON. (2017). Texas Board of Nursing Rules and Regulations. Retrieved 06 26, 2019, from https://www.bon.texas.gov/laws_and_rules_rules_and_regulations_current.asp

Georgia. (2018). State flag Georgia Scope of Practice Policy: State Profile. Retrieved 06 26, 2019, from http://scopeofpracticepolicy.org/states/ga/

NJ. (2018). New Jersey Board of Nursing. Retrieved 06 26, 2019, from https://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov/nur/Pages/regulations.aspx

SOS. (2017). Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia. Retrieved 06 26, 2019, from http://rules.sos.ga.gov/gac/410

Regulatory Agencies And Accrediting Bodies

Regulatory Agencies and Accrediting Bodies

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is a special agency that deals in health affairs for Americans. It works in collaboration with different other agencies of the region for the improvement and protection of health of American people. It provides technical aid to its members in the prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Its overall aim is to strengthen the health system by responding to emergencies and disasters. PAHO makes sure that every individual has access to necessary healthcare. They also make sure that this healthcare is available to them in the time of need without the worry of finances. With its wide spread operations, PAHO makes sure that everyone gets their right to health in the best possible manner.

History of PAHO

A severe yellow fever academic hit Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay in 1870. Within Just eight years, the disease spread to the United States claiming the lives of more than 20000 individuals. The main reason behind this rapid spread was Maritime Transport, as at the end of 19th century, it was expanding rapidly along with international trade. It was the need of the hour to stop the epidemic from spreading from one country to another, in order to protect the health and economies of the people of other countries. Hence, it led to the creation of a healthcare agency that is known by the name of Pan American Health Organization (PAHO).

Purpose of Existence

The basic purpose of reason of the existence of PAHO in the healthcare industry is to successfully operate strategically designed collaborative efforts with its member states and partners in order to ensure equity in healthcare sector, Moreover, it also strives to fight diseases, along with bringing improvement in the quality of healthcare services, so that the life span of people of America can be improved. Another significant purpose of its existence in the field is to ensure that all the American citizens receive optimal healthcare and contribute towards the development of their families and community.

Operations of PAHO

PAHO basically provides technical support to its member countries present in the United States of America in order to strengthen the bonds between them and help these countries achieve their health-related goals. The basic headquarters of healthcare agency lies in Washington DC, along with sub offices in 27 countries. It also has three specialized centres located at different locations in the region.

Governance

The main governing bodies that control PAHO are the Executive Committee, Pan American Sanitary Conference, and the Directing Council.

The Pan American Sanitary Conference is the main governing body and decides all the rules and regulation to be followed in the agency. It conducts its meeting every five years to discuss the policies and procedures. Different ideas related to the prevention of diseases, the preservation, promotion and restoration of mental and physical health and the propagation of socio-medical procedures can also be discussed in this Conference. In addition to this, the body also discusses the possibilities of prevention of treatment of mental and physical ailments in the Western Region.

The Directing Council conducts a meeting once a year and acts on the behalf of Pan American Sanitary Conference, when the Conference is unable to hold the sessions.

The Executive Committee acts as an auxiliary advisory body, with the Subcommittee Program, Administration and Budget. It is mainly composed of member of states that are elected by the Conference or Council, which are total nine in number.

Financing

PAHO gets its financing through Different sources, one of the major source is quota financing from its member states. Another sources are allocations by WHO and voluntary funding by various governments and national and international organizations.

Reporting

PAHO has a systematic media centre that reports all the latest researches, programs, features, notices about alarming disease epidemic. This platform is also used for giving away news about campaigns and facts sheets. It has reporting on almost all kinds of dangerous diseases and latest outburst. Its different sections include social media, multimedia, press, photography, infographics and featured stories. Pubic reporting of all this work is important to inform people about upcoming conferences, alerts and public health stories.

Publications

PAHO has a large range of data about recent and old publications that can be sorted out by subjects. It has huge collection of online books, journals, reports, permissions and licensing. All the information related to common diseases such as diphtheria, yellow fever, influenza, measles is available on the websites.

Health care organizations

In an effort to improve healthcare among the masses, PAHO approved a resolution in 2015, titled the strategy for Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage. It aimed to provide comprehensive and quality healthcare, without discrimination to all people and communities in a timely manner (Holder & Fabrega, 2015).

Nursing practice

PAHO realizes the use of nursing staff and how vital they are to the progress of universal healthcare system. Thus, it aims to pay special attention and care to the training of nurses so they can provide quality care (Mitchell, 2019)

References

Holder, R., & Fabrega, R. (2015). PAHO’S Strategy for Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage: Implications for health services and hospitals in LAC. World Hospitals and Health Services: The Official Journal of the International Hospital Federation, 51(2), 4–6.

Mitchell, C. (2019, May 8). PAHO/WHO | Nursing staff are vital for making progress towards universal health. Retrieved September 28, 2019, from Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization website: https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15138:nursing-staff-are-vital-for-making-progress-towards-universal-health&Itemid=1926&lang=en

Regulatory, Legal, Ethical, And Accreditation Issues In Research

Regulatory, Legal, Ethical, and Accreditation Issues in Research

Your Name

Institution

Regulatory, Legal, Ethical, and Accreditation Issues in Research

Descriptive research

In descriptive research, characteristics of the vulnerable population are defined. Descriptive research is used for averages and frequencies of characteristics. The reasoning behind those characteristics is not explained in descriptive research CITATION VAL12 \l 1033 (VA Lambert, 2012). Researching on the homeless population is not an easy task. Homeless people usually live temporarily in one place, this makes hard to collect data. We can use temporary housing or shelter programs to count the average number of homeless people. This count can only be done at night, as the homeless people go to these shelters only at night. There are some shelter facilities which provide medical services and counseling to the homeless. Other constraints for conducting descriptive research include the ethical constraints; a researcher cannot hurt someone’s sentiments.

Analytic research

Analytic research discusses the reasoning behind the vulnerabilities. In analytic research, facts and information are evaluated using critical thinking skills. In analytic research, the collected information is to prove an idea or hypothesis CITATION RBC52 \l 1033 (Cattell, 1952). Constraints on doing analytic research on homeless are the same as that of descriptive research. Data can be collected through the National Alliance to End Homelessness (NAEH). We can compare this data or information with our analytical findings. There is not going to be any ethical constraint in this kind of research as the facilities providing services to the homeless people will not hesitate to give information about them. This kind of research mostly feasible at night time and one cannot wake someone up for an interview.

Evaluative research

Evaluation research is an assessment of vulnerabilities to achieve the main purpose. It is applied research which is completed using experiments and surveys. Usually, there is not enough funding available for the evaluation research, on the homeless. To collect data for evaluation research, the researcher has to direct his attention to the government department. Legal parameters may become a barrier in doing this kind of activity. Enough data can be collected from the Department of Housing and Urban Development for evaluation. If the state department is corrupted, they may become an obstacle in evaluation research on the homeless. For evaluation, data can also be collected through homeless resource centers. A researcher can use comparative data from the above-mentioned source and evaluate it accordingly.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Cattell, R. (1952). The three basic factor-analytic research designs—their interrelations and derivatives. Psychological Bulletin.

VA Lambert, C. L. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. International Journal of Nursing Research.

Relationship And Activities

Relationship and Activities

Your Name (First M. Last)

Date

Relationship and Activities

Essay 1

Introduction

The core objective of better healthcare services in a nursing home can only achieve through the proper involvement of all the main stakeholders. These main shareholders identify as the critical roles of administrator, the medical director, and director of nursing. It is essential for all the individuals who work in these particular positions to actively interact with each other and develop a proper plan of action. This form of consideration is important to ensure the desired level of healthcare services for patients. Here the particular focus is to critically discuss the relationships among the administrator, the medical director, and the director of nursing to identify the potential areas of conflicts.

Discussion

All the three major positions of administrator, the medical director, and the director of nursing closely interconnected with each other concerning the overall forms of their job roles. It is vital to explore the existing association between these shareholders in case of the nursing home to ensure the desired level of healthcare services for patients. Examination of their roles and actual job functions helps to determine their relationship and its impact on the overall approach of healthcare services. It is worthy to notice that individuals working on all the three job positions of administrator, the medical director, and the director of nursing concern the perspective of leadership. Their main role is to effectively and efficiently connect all their subordinates towards the desired objectives and task accomplishments.

When it comes to the supervision of staff members to ensure proper execution of their tasks than there is a chance of overlapping job roles of administrator, the medical director, and the director of nursing. The main responsibility of all these job positions is to present a suitable line of action for the healthcare staff. The basic role of the nursing home administrator established as to supervise, plan, develop, monitor, and ensure proper standards of healthcare facilities for all the patients concerning the working domains of all the departments. The job position of medical director is also critical in the nursing home setting. The main objective of the medical director is to maintain an effective form of coordination of care to achieve the objective of implementation of different healthcare policies. On the other, the director of nursing is a responsible entity to deliver an effective form of nursing administration in a nursing home. Proper supervision of the entire nursing staff is the primary objective for the individual who works in a nursing home as the director of nursing. There is need offering proper direction for the work task to the nurses which is possible through the proper consideration of the role of director of nursing. It is critical to explore that some specific administrative duties such as the domains of record keeping and budgeting are also performed by the director of nursing staff.

Comprehensive understanding of different job roles of administrator, the medical director, and the director of nursing reveals that their job responsibilities are distinct in different forms. The job responsibilities of the administrator are wide-ranging as compare to other job positions because they have to align the work performance of all the departments. It is one of the core duties of the administrator to supervise the work of all the departments to meet overall organizational goals of a nursing home. On the other hand, the work tasks for the medical director is different as they have to meet the standard of healthcare facilities by ensuring the execution of all required medical policies. It is essential for the medical director to build proper communication level between all the shareholders to develop a consensus level in case of development and application of healthcare services for the patients. The job roles of director of nursing are also clearly defined. Supervision of nursing staff is the basic duty for the director of nursing. Director of nursing is recognized as a responsible individual to set objectives and long-term goals for the nursing staff and provide the necessary facilities to meet their job responsibilities.

All the three job roles of administrator, medical director, and the director of nursing are closely linked with each other and the overall perspective of healthcare functions in a nursing home. This form of association sometimes come up with some form of potential conflicts between job positions. Prevalence of job ambiguity becomes the major reason of conflict appeared in the form of an existing relationship. Existence of work difference between the departments of administration, medical director, and director of nursing eventually come up with some form of misunderstanding and conflict between these job positions. There is offering some practical methods to minimize the risk of conflict and enhance the prospect of a relationship. Active communication is integral to ensure that every individual has a clear understanding of their job requirements. Clarity about the job positions ultimately helps to perform their job duties actively and efficiently.

Conclusion

To conclude the discussion about the existing relationship between administrator, medical director, and the director of nursing, it is essential to indicate all these job positions plays a critical role to determine significant forms of healthcare facilities in a nursing home. There is a need for adopting practical measures by minimizing the gap between these job roles. Job roles need to be clearly defined for all the shareholders to ensure proper execution of all job tasks and attain better forms of accountability. It is important to face conflicting situations and propose realistic solutions to deal with all forms of concerns appeared in the form of relationships.

Essay 2

Introduction

Development of suitable activities program is essential to ensure proper development of different aspects relevant to the main idea of resident satisfaction in a nursing home. The approach of consideration of activities program linked with different perspectives. There are various factors that connect with the domain of healthcare services for the residents in a nursing home. Here the focus is to identify different activities to determine actual needs for the resident and discuss the approach of providing healthcare services for the individual belongs to ethnic minority background.

Discussion

It is important for the administration of nursing home to propose and develop activities program that meets the different needs of the residents. Exploration of actual requirements is the primary step to ensure the development of suitable activities program. Different aspects such as personal satisfaction, social contacts, creative expression, recreation, and spiritual gratification are linked with the overall perspective of the activities program. It is critical for the management to ensure the application of all these aspects to meet the standards of healthcare facilities for the residents. The individualized activities program is suitable to determine different needs of the residents and apply necessary domains in this context.

It is vital to offer practical measures to meet the standards of personal satisfaction of each resident. Enhancement of the idea of social contracts is also critical to enhance the effectiveness of healthcare services for all the residents living in a nursing home. Activities program need to the established considering some creative perspectives concerning the main objective of healthcare service for all the residents of the nursing home. Involvement of all the departments in the entire scenario is crucial to make inferences about the consideration of different aspects particularly exist in the form of social and healthcare services for residents. It is important for the developers of the activities program to ensure accomplishment of all the necessary activities concerning to development of proper healthcare program for the residents.

The approach of the diversified population eventually impacts the healthcare perspective for elderly individuals. It is critical for the caregivers to understand the dynamic needs of a diverse population and provides them with healthcare facilities according to their ethical approaches. Healthcare providers need to align with the changing needs of a diverse and dynamic society. Development of proper and ethically competent healthcare plan is essential to identify actual and diverse needs of elderly individuals and propose effective solutions accordingly. Cultural context is an important aspect of consideration when there is a need for offering healthcare plan specifically for elderly patients. The idea of nursing care is evolving concerning the perspectives of changing and adapting aspects. It is important for the nursing care staff to enhance their perspective of healthcare services for elderly individuals considering the changes in culturally different social norms and expectations. Professional relationship of the idea of healthcare facilities demands to adopt the practice of healthcare services that show compassion and respect for culturally different elderly individuals. Cultural awareness is essential for healthcare providers to meet the standards of the culturally diverse elderly population. There is offering dynamic healthcare services to enhance the perspective of healthcare for the patients.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, it is important to indicate that when it comes to the provision of proper healthcare services for all residents of the nursing home, consideration of different aligned aspects is essential. It is critical for the healthcare staff to identify the diverse healthcare needs of elderly needs due to the difference in culture. This form of exploration further helps to propose better and ethically correct healthcare services to all the residents. Honest evolution of the requirements of healthcare for elderly individuals assists to maintain better forms of privacy and cultural limitations.

REM Framework In Action - OCCC

Running Head: HEALTHCARE

REM framework in action - OCCC

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

REM framework in action - OCCC

When it comes to the provision of the equitable healthcare, nurses have an important role to play. Not only they are supposed to make sure that the sense of equality must prevail when it comes to the healthcare centers, they are the ones that are driving force behind ensuring that the initiation of the treatment must start with the respect of the other individual. It all starts with understanding and having this realization that how the provision of the healthcare is supposed to be done in a manner that allows better allocation of resources in a healthcare department at the particular point of time.

Looking at some of the nursing models, one thing that has been propagated is that how the potential for the systematic change has been implemented with the passage of time and how the culture of safety approach is endorsed. Not only that, the nurses are also supposed to make sure that they are creating an environment where it is going to be made sure that the cultural safety is being endorsed in terms of the way they are treating other patients. The other thing that has to be noted is that when it comes to providing the indigenous population with the relevant healthcare, the cultural barriers are such that they go a long way towards bringing down a level of experience that must be there for the patients. So other initiative that can be made possible by the nurses is that they can work towards creation of the healthcare culture where the cultural and the racial orientation of the person does not matter to that great extent.

One major problem that has to be kept in mind is that how the context of the indigenous population has to be considered. The problem at the moment is that how the context that is supposed to be provided to the indigenous population has to be such at times, it becomes quite a challenge to make sure that the uniform treatment has to be provided to the patients at the given point of time. What can be done by the nurses is that they should be acting in compliance with the IGA ACT for the nurses regulation so that they have broader guidelines in mind as far as how the treatment towards the patients has to be carried out. So they can provide a sense of perspective in terms of how treatment is supposed to be done.

The other thing that is quite important is that how the better preparation has to be carried out by the healthcare professionals in terms of the way they are working and developing their skills with the passage of time. What it means is that the effort has to be undertaken by them when it comes to making sure that the culture is embedded that allows development of mutual respect and allows the indigenous population to be welcomed in any healthcare setting at the particular point of time specially in terms of the quality of care provided to them.

References

Andersen, C., 2016. Indigenous footprints on health curriculum. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 38(S1), pp.40-45.

Bourque Bearskin, R.L., 2017. A critical lens on culture in nursing practice. Nursing Ethics, 18(4), pp.548-559.

Downing, R. and Kowal, E., 2017. A postcolonial analysis of Indigenous cultural awareness training for health workers. Health Sociology Review, 20(1), pp.5-15.

Downing, R. and Kowal, E., 2018. Putting Indigenous cultural training into nursing practice. Contemporary nurse, 37(1), pp.10-20.

Downing, R., Kowal, E. and Paradies, Y., 2014. Indigenous cultural training for health workers in Australia. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 23(3), pp.247-257.

Milne, T., Creedy, D.K. and West, R., 2016. Integrated systematic review on educational strategies that promote academic success and resilience in undergraduate indigenous students. Nurse education today, 36, pp.387-394.

Stout, M.D. and Downey, B., 2016. Epilogue: Nursing, Indigenous peoples and cultural safety: So what? Now what?. Contemporary Nurse, 22(2), pp.327-332.

Williams, R., 2017. Cultural safety—what does it mean for our work practice?. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 23(2), pp.213-214.

Williamson, M. and Harrison, L., 2017. Providing culturally appropriate care: a literature review. International journal of nursing studies, 47(6), pp.761-769.

Woods, M., 2016. Cultural safety and the socioethical nurse. Nursing ethics, 17(6), pp.715-725.

Repeal And Replace Obama Care

Repeal and replace Obama care

Author name

Affiliations

Hello Cindy

I agree that President Donald Trump considers Obamacare as unconstitutional and has tried to repeal/replace the ACA. Obamacare makes health insurance available to nearly 22 million Americans. However, this health insurance had not been very effective due to its rising premiums. For this reason, Republican leaders are proposing different policy ideas to replace the current law.

It was Donald Trump key promises in the 2016 campaign that he would repeal/replace the ACA and give less expensive and proposal ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Y7xHSbf8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Butler, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Butler, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2283,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/WLD9AH5S"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/WLD9AH5S"],"itemData":{"id":2283,"type":"article-journal","title":"Repeal and replace Obamacare: What could it mean?","container-title":"Jama","page":"244-245","volume":"317","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Butler","given":"Stuart M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Butler, 2017). The White House has taken a series of steps in order to weaken the healthcare market established by Obama. The Trump administration wants the federal courts to reverse the Affordable Care Act ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Z32pBWoV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Manchikanti & Hirsch, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Manchikanti & Hirsch, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2282,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/CSVWZPA7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/CSVWZPA7"],"itemData":{"id":2282,"type":"article-journal","title":"Repeal and replace of affordable care: a complex, but not an impossible task","container-title":"Pain physician","page":"E1109-E1113","volume":"19","author":[{"family":"Manchikanti","given":"Laxmaiah"},{"family":"Hirsch","given":"Joshua A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Manchikanti & Hirsch, 2016). Feldstein is rightly focusing on doing a certain campaign to win the election. People and politicians’ wants must be matched to get the positive results otherwise there will be negative political support resulting in no cost-benefit to society. 

The result of the repeal will be increased cost of individual plans. The repeal is beneficial but only for specific groups of young and high-income people ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"GkffxT61","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Rocco, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Rocco, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2281,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/SAWI5NSY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/SAWI5NSY"],"itemData":{"id":2281,"type":"article-journal","title":"With their Obamacare replacement, Republicans are jumping blindfolded through the policy window","author":[{"family":"Rocco","given":"Philip"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Rocco, 2017). The federal government expenditure will also reduce for the nonelderly people. Thus, the focus of the politicians is not over the good returns for the society but over the goals of re-election. Congress made several attempts to repeal Obamacare. Both houses of Congress passed a repeal bill first time in 2016. The bill was not aimed to replace Obamacare as there was no general agreement among congressional Republicans on its replacement ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"n1jjyFkD","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Obama, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Obama, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2280,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/FKEXCMH4"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/FKEXCMH4"],"itemData":{"id":2280,"type":"article-journal","title":"Repealing the ACA without a replacement—the risks to American health care","container-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","page":"297-299","volume":"376","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Obama","given":"Barack H."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Obama, 2017). However, Republican have agreed on its repeal and have proposed health policies to be included after the repeal. In 2017, the House Republican leadership again proposed a comprehensive plan for the replacement of Obamacare. The plan includes the introduction of tax credits and federally-funded Medicaid coverage along with a system of block grants to states.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Butler, S. M. (2017). Repeal and replace Obamacare: What could it mean? Jama, 317(3), 244–245.

Manchikanti, L., & Hirsch, J. A. (2016). Repeal and replace of affordable care: a complex, but not an impossible task. Pain Physician, 19, E1109–E1113.

Obama, B. H. (2017). Repealing the ACA without a replacement—the risks to American health care. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(4), 297–299.

Rocco, P. (2017). With their Obamacare replacement, Republicans are jumping blindfolded through the policy window.

Reply Discussion

Discussion reply

Author name

Affiliations

Discussion reply

1.

Conflict refers to the disagreement or argument about something important. Conflict can be bad or it can be good, depending upon how it is being handled. For simple, the conflict in the Larry David skit resulted in a loss. The couple in the Larry David skit experienced a conflict regarding their dinner. One was asking to go out for a drink at the separate place before dinner while others were getting no sense in this. Thus, their disagreement resulted in cancellation of going out for the dinner. This kind of conflict is always bad and requires the use of some compromise ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"JllM1nbC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hopkins & Yonker, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Hopkins & Yonker, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2750,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/BQYG535M"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/BQYG535M"],"itemData":{"id":2750,"type":"article-journal","title":"Managing conflict with emotional intelligence: Abilities that make a difference","container-title":"Journal of Management Development","page":"226-244","volume":"34","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Hopkins","given":"Margaret M."},{"family":"Yonker","given":"Robert D."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hopkins & Yonker, 2015). If a couple has gone for some compromise then they had an outside dinner instead of ordering take out. Moreover, conflict is not always bad and in many situations can bring many positive results. For example, James Conway's talk is provoking the massacre so to bring modifications in the organization. Disagreement or outrage will lead to changes and new strategies ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"wD6WYYZS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Rahim, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Rahim, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2752,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/RGQQBUH6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/RGQQBUH6"],"itemData":{"id":2752,"type":"book","title":"Managing conflict in organizations","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"0-203-78648-3","author":[{"family":"Rahim","given":"M. Afzalur"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Rahim, 2017).

2.

I agree that conflict in real sense has extended nature and can result in serious agreement or disagreement. People can have a conflict with anyone at any time. For example, there can be a conflict with family members, friends, and coworkers and even with strangers. The analysis of all these conflicts later reveals that these would have been avoided if people had taken a deep analysis of situations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"uFvXBPEz","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(McKibben, 2017)","plainCitation":"(McKibben, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2749,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/KKJ3ZWMF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/KKJ3ZWMF"],"itemData":{"id":2749,"type":"article-journal","title":"Conflict management: importance and implications","container-title":"British Journal of Nursing","page":"100-103","volume":"26","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"McKibben","given":"Laurie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (McKibben, 2017). The deep analysis gives better choices in case of conflict. The positive effects of conflict can be brought into different industries such as in healthcare settings with the use of appropriate strategies ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"aId6SQM1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Almost et al., 2016)","plainCitation":"(Almost et al., 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2748,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/MQDQ3QZR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/MQDQ3QZR"],"itemData":{"id":2748,"type":"article-journal","title":"Managing and mitigating conflict in healthcare teams: an integrative review","container-title":"Journal of advanced nursing","page":"1490-1505","volume":"72","issue":"7","author":[{"family":"Almost","given":"Joan"},{"family":"Wolff","given":"Angela C."},{"family":"Stewart‐Pyne","given":"Althea"},{"family":"McCormick","given":"Loretta G."},{"family":"Strachan","given":"Diane"},{"family":"D'souza","given":"Christine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Almost et al., 2016). If Larry David had listened and opened for more suggestions, then the situation between him and his wife would have been averted. Therefore, the most important strategy regarding taking advantage of conflict is to be open to different suggestion, then analyze the situation and make the best decision. In healthcare, this strategy can reduce the number of medical errors effectively.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Almost, J., Wolff, A. C., Stewart‐Pyne, A., McCormick, L. G., Strachan, D., & D’souza, C. (2016). Managing and mitigating conflict in healthcare teams: an integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(7), 1490–1505.

Hopkins, M. M., & Yonker, R. D. (2015). Managing conflict with emotional intelligence: Abilities that make a difference. Journal of Management Development, 34(2), 226–244.

McKibben, L. (2017). Conflict management: importance and implications. British Journal of Nursing, 26(2), 100–103.

Rahim, M. A. (2017). Managing conflict in organizations. Routledge.

Reply Do Discussion: Improving Mortality For Septic Patients

Reply to Discussion: Improving Mortality for Sepsis Patients

[Author’s Name]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Reply to Discussion: Improving Mortality for Sepsis Patients

Response 1

Dear Angel, after reading your responses to the questions given, I must say that you did an amazing job of answering each question effectively. Due to the rise in technology, it has become an indispensable part of our lives. I agree with you that integrating technology with healthcare system enhances the effectiveness of the healthcare services (Cipriano & Naylor, 2013). As you mentioned in your discussion pots that implementing IT solutions reduces the time to administer antibiotics, I would like to add that collecting raw data and then using the data to identify the issues that healthcare facility is facing can be very beneficial. It facilitates in making a plan that will, in turn, mitigate the issue that a health care facility is facing while also improving the quality of care provided to the patients. As you mentioned that the hospital in which you are working had implemented a pop-up system when a patient depicts signs of sepsis. I appreciate this solution as early diagnosis can help in reducing the symptoms of the disease.

Response 2

Dear Nicole, after reading the answers that you provided for the given questions, I must say that you did a commendable job in explaining the importance of implementing IT solutions to improve the quality of healthcare. As modern life spins around various elements of technology, it is necessary to integrate old healthcare systems with several IT solutions to improve quality care. As you mentioned in your discussion post that using IT solutions can help in accessing baseline data that will facilitate in developing an action plan. I want to add that IT solutions can also facilitate monitoring performance of the plan developed to diagnose the disease at the early stages and identifying any other issue that the hospital is facing (Miriovsky & Abernethy, 2012). I also agree with you that continuous alerts regarding sepsis can aid in diagnosing the disease at an earlier stage. That will, in turn, facilitate in treating the disease on time.

References

Cipriano, P. F., Bowles, K., Dailey, M., Dykes, P., Lamb, G., & Naylor, M. (2013). The importance of health information technology in care coordination and transitional care. Nursing outlook, 61(6), 475-489.

Miriovsky, B. J., Shulman, L. N., & Abernethy, A. P. (2012). Importance of health information technology, electronic health records, and continuously aggregating data to comparative effectiveness research and learning health care. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30(34), 4243-4248.

Reply For Discussion: Choosing A Hospital--

Choosing a Hospital Discussion Response

Student’s Name:

University Affiliations:

Professor’s Name:

Course Title:

Choosing a Hospital Discussion Response

Isabella’s Recommendation Response

Based on the recommendation provided by the student, one can identify that there was consideration of hospitals’ rating. The facilities chosen were either 5 star or 2 star rated. Hospital ratings are important since they are vital when choosing particular features before treatment (Baker et al 2016). Despite this method being initially promoted, it is later declined as a decision-making tool since it has proved to be unreliable. The utility of ratings was chosen since this is a renowned method used by the student while shopping on Amazon, which does not make it authentic in the selection of a facility that offers medical services. The other method suggested is that of using hip replacement cards that offer more details about hospitals. The hip replacement cards’ measure has proved to be useful and more informative to patients making it a reliable source for decision-making. The replacement cards are effective in making appointments and in knowing which facilities to avoid.

Bonnie’s Recommendation Response

The decision made by the student is based on experiences and from data derived from the internet. However, there is a strong suggestion that the patient’s choice should be given high priority. According to the student, a patient is more likely to follow instructions if taken to their hospital choice. Cooperation with the treating team is also observed when a patient hospital’s choice is followed (Coulton et al, 2008). From the recommendation given, the learner is keen on factors such as; patient’s preference, overall hospital ratings, medical technology equipment and quality of care from physicians. Other suggestions given that ought to be considered include; location accessibility, physician professionalism, appointment availability and insurance coverage. The student provides the best hospital that could be helpful to the patient based on the medical technologies used and the effective partnership made with other medical facilities. Measures chosen were helpful since they offer the patient an array of ideas on how to choose the best hospital facility.

Sources

Baker, L. C., Bundorf, M. K., & Kessler, D. P. (2016). The effect of hospital/physician integration on hospital choice. Journal of health economics, 50, 1-8.

Coulton, C. J., Dunkle, R. E., Chow, J. C. C., Haug, M., & Vielhaber, D. P. (2008). Dimensions of post-hospital care decision-making: A factor analytic study. The Gerontologist, 28(2), 218-223.

REPLY PROCESS VARIATION

Reply Process Variation

[Author Name]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Reply Process Variation

Response 1

Dear Abbas, after reading your discussion post, I must say that you thoroughly explained every part of the clip. As you mentioned in your post that, an increase in speed led to increased demand due to which Lucy and Ethel failed to manage the chocolate wrapping process. According to you, a variation in the clip is performance variation (Niroula & Vihinen, 2016). I also agree with you as I think that the variation in performance of both girls was due to the increase in speed. While discussing the scenario in the context of health care, I also agree with your point that due to the lack of service providers, people have to wait for several hours in the emergency room. However, in the chocolate factory, the manager had the control to reduce the speed of the process, yet she did not reduce the speed (Harbour, 2017). I agree with your suggestion that it is necessary to build a collaborative environment and measure the outcomes of the process before starting it to attain the desired results.

Response 2

Dear Nicole, after reading your discussion post, I must say that you did an amazing job. The way you explained the scenario and then highlighted the problem facilitates in understanding the whole issue that was presented in the clip. In your post, you mentioned that according to you, the variation in the clip is special cause variation. I think that your assumption is correct as special cause variation is referred to as an unexpected glitches that greatly impact a process (Nolan & Provost, 1996). In the clip also the speed was as an external factor due to which the whole packing process was disrupted. In the context of Carla’s case, I also agree with you that it is a major issue in our health care system that patients are treated on a priority basis by just looking at their physical condition (Kurth & Palincsar, 2002). However, it is necessary to collect all the data regarding a patient's history and symptoms, and they treat them accordingly. Also, I agree with you that in the clip, the manager was resilient in accepting any suggestions that also made me think that the environment of the factory is not open.

References

Harbour, J. L. (2017). The basics of performance measurement. Productivity Press.

Kurth, L. A., Anderson, C. W., & Palincsar, A. S. (2002). The case of Carla: Dilemmas of helping all students to understand science. Science Education, 86(3), 287-313.

Niroula, A., & Vihinen, M. (2016). Variation interpretation predictors: principles, types, performance, and choice. Human mutation, 37(6), 579-597.

Nolan, T. W., & Provost, L. P. (1996). Understanding variation. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 24(1), 65-74.

Reply To Active Shooter

Jideobi

Active Shooter

Top of Form

In the current state of the United States of America, there needs to be preparation for potential encounters with an active shooter - especially with concerns around mass shootings. According to the Gun Violence Archive, as of October 2019, 370 mass shootings have taken place in this country, with nearly 2000 victims (2019).

Training videos such as the one from Brigham and Women's Hospital's Active Shooter Training are very important so that people can understand their expectations in an event as such. The video states that its viewers must be alert and prepared, and that they should run, hide, or be prepared to fight. Although the threat of an active shooter is moderately rare, if well executed, there can slow down a gunman and increase potential chances of survival (Minor and Dukakis, 2019). In regards to this video, the information is clear and easy to recall in a time of crisis. If I were to make any changes, it would be to add a bit more information in what to do within each of the steps - but I assume there was a time constraint since often times, hospitals are very busy. 

References

Gun Violence Archive (2019). Past Summary Ledgers. Retrieved from https://www.gunviolencearchive.org/past-tolls.

Minor, N. and Dukakis, A. (2019). How Effective are School Lockdown Drills? Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2019/04/19/715193493/how-effective-are-school-lockdown-drills.

Response:

Tragically, in the recent era, hostility has increased to an exacerbated extent; in this context, not only healthcare facilities but other particular settings such educational intuitions, restaurants, and shopping malls etcetera are also prone to great perils. The underlying problem with active shooting is the unpredictability of the chaotic occurrences that involve fatalities, and severe injuries and psychological footprints of such incidents are life long. According to the FBI, in 2018, more than 16 states of the United States encountered about twenty-seven active shooting incidents that injured more than two hundred people and killed eighty-five (Everbridge, 2019). As a matter of fact, training and special awareness programs are imperative to deal with such unfortunate events, but there is a myriad of aspects that need to be comprehended while developing emergency training programs. First of all, it should be precisely understood that not all people have tendencies to act swiftly and smartly in such sudden, shocking condition; most of the individuals may get panic and freeze in the face of danger. Therefore, all the trainees should be additionally equipped with plan B for managing with such frozen companions.

References:

Everbridge. (2019). How to Prepare for Active Shooter Situations - Everbridge. Retrieved 3 December 2019, from https://www.everbridge.com/blog/how-to-prepare-for-active- shooter-situations/

Etleva

Active Shooter

Top of Form

An active shooter is an individual engaged to kill are attempt to kill people in a populated area using firearms. This is an unpredictable situation and can happen anywhere, anytime. The last decade active shooter is becoming a frequent event and it has had as targets schools, hospitals, malls, churches or religion centers, events such as concerts or sport events. This is a very intense situation as it evolves quickly and can end either with the law enforcements terminating the threat, or the threat terminating himself after he did enough harm to others. There is also no prediction as to who will be the next active shooter. They are usually normal people, which even the closest one to them haven’t had any suspicion, they may have suffered from an untreated depression, may have mental health issues, or a tragedy has struck in their life. Even though, there are still small clues that someone who pays attention may be able to distinguish if these clues can bring a tragedy to happen. Some of the soon-to-be active shooters, use social media to vent out what is bothering them, as they do not have the trust of anyone close to them to express themselves. There are signs that everyone has to be alert to identify, but there is no certain 100% prediction as the mind of humans is working in mysteries ways.

The best way to avoid these situations, unfortunately is just to be prepared and know how to react to get yourself out of the harm’s way, but also help other people who may panic and freeze. Now every company, school, hospital or workplace, is training its members how to prepare themselves, to recognize, to evaluate the situation and protect himself. They have created necessary procedures and guidelines to help its members be safe, be aware, and be prepared.  Remaining calm, following the law enforcement instructions, and try not to confront the active shooter, are some of the most important guidelines.

Watching the training video from Brigham and Women Hospital, I would say that I can’t make a complete evaluation as to how thorough is it, as here we have only some short snippets from the Active Shooter training video, but they have covered the basic steps such as run, hide or fight. We can get a more complete picture as to how this hospital has preparing its staff and the steps they have taken to improve their procedures from the “Lessons From a Tragedy” that it was provided to us on Blackboard.  Being a healthcare organization, hospital employees see themselves as survivor protectors and get the training they need to survive but also protect the others. This hospital had a tragedy occurring not too long ago, when a relative of someone who just passed in the hospital, didn’t accept the event and blamed the doctor for not saving her. He stormed in the hospital and shot the cardiac surgeon, Doctor Michael Davidson and then shot himself. Since then, the hospital is enhancing the security functions and is providing more training to the staff and is performing exercising drills to help the staff be prepared and able to respond when such a situation may again occur. Also, the Department of Homeland Security has released an action guide for active shooter incidents specifically for hospitals and healthcare facilities.

Reference:

Options for Consideration Active Shooter Preparedness Video. (2019, March 4). Retrieved from https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/options-consideration-active-shooter-preparedness-video.

HSCC Released Updated Active Shooter Guidance. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.calhospitalprepare.org/post/hscc-released-updated-active-shooter-guidance.

Planning for Active Shooter Incidents. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.calhospitalprepare.org/active-shooter.

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Response:

Admittedly, the tragic active shooting incidents are elevating in a widespread prospect and increasing the alarming requirements for all public facilities because such places are easy to access and enhance the unpredictability of others' sudden actions. FBI, The Joint Commission, and the Emergency Nurses Association are playing their part in elucidating the utmost significance of preparedness of healthcare personnel in dealing with active shooting (Sanchez et al., 2018). However, the frequency and intertwined magnitude of morbid and injurious consequences assert a need to expand the implied scope of such endeavors. The expansion is indispensable not only throughout particular public facilities but also within the component of devised training archetype. In due course, not only hospitals but all organizations should develop and practice an emergency action plan. Moreover, it is crucial to establish a sense of self-defense and the protection of others without being paranoid as such mental agility should be an integral fraction of emergency training programs.

Reference:

Sanchez, L., Young, V., & Baker, M. (2018). Active Shooter Training in the Emergency Department: A Safety Initiative. Journal Of Emergency Nursing, 44(6), 598-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2018.07.002

Reply To Amazon's Plan Discussion Board

Benjamin Yun 

Top of Form

             The idea of implementation of a program that reimburses or cover even the travel cost as the part of the medical bill is very interesting for me as I never thought in that way. I am highly spoiled that I would never thought of traveling to receive better healthcare, only because I have a luxury to live in Boston, which is known for the best medicine in the United States. Travel program that covers the cost of airfare, hotels, and even gasoline would certainly promote employees to seek for the best care regardless of the location and travel costs associated with it because the employee is covering for it. Ultimately, I really love the idea of eliminating unnecessary treatment, which consists of the same value with the value-based care system. The Value-based bent is an idea that the value-based care is bending the healthcare cost curve by reducing unnecessary medical costs by six percent while improving quality of care and patient satisfaction (2018, Leventhal). It is still a pilot program that does not have many data to support the full extent and benefit of the program, however, the purpose of the program is beneficial for both employer and employees so it is critical to continue.

            I would also be concerned with the costs that is associated with travel cost, which might end up be overspending and not improving the quality of care in long-term. It is crucial to set standards so people may not abuse the travel program. It is important to make strict and reasonable eligibility criteria first of all. It would be advised to perform a data analysis to determine which diagnosis or surgery has higher-than-average in quality of care differences between national top hospitals and local community hospitals. If a certain procedure does not have significant differences in between national hospital and community hospital despite of travel costs and time, it is better to make it ineligible so people may not spend unnecessary travel costs associated with it. Also, types and costs of hotel must be considered instead of reimbursing any amount spent in hotel. It may be better to have a contract to associate with specific hotels to receive a premium price for employees who are traveling to receive health care.

Response:

Business paradigms are continually shifting both on local and global levels, and in due course, organizations are compelled to devise effective stratagem to extract the utmost competitive advantages. Amazon is one of the most innovative companies, that believes in the idea of embracing change and permeating uniqueness to its operations. Amazon pays the employees' expenditures for traveling and opts for appropriate doctors and hospitals in order to control the implied cost (Evans, 2015). Development and implementation of employees' healthcare traveling compensation plans by Amazon or any other organization pivot the notion of cutting the cost of local medical care. In several cases, it becomes more practical to seek improved and enhanced medical care out of the city, state, or country to mitigate the wastage of time and financial resources consumed during local diagnosis and treatments. And in fact, such initiatives should be deemed as a basic necessity of contemporary epoch instead of a luxury. However, the selection process for the eligible employee is indispensable to ensure the accurate and beneficial investment of the compensated package.

Reference:

Evans, M. (2015). Amazon Joins Trend of Sending Workers Away for Health Care. Retrieved 5 December 2019, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-joins-trend-of-sending- workers-away-for-health-care-11571131801

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Isabella

Top of Form

Paying for their workers to travel across the country to find the best care at a low cost is a very nice thing to do because it gives them more options, instead of just limiting them to local health care providers. This is a win-win for Amazon because they can get better prices for the care too. Essentially the cost of paying for their employees to travel for better care would be less than the cost of unnecessary treatments. This will reduce waste such as unnecessary testing and diagnostic error. The authors share, "Walmart Inc., Lowe's Co s., and McKesson Corp saved an estimated total of $19.4 million in 2017 as workers who traveled to see spine and joint surgeons avoided unnecessary care" (Evans, 2019, p. 3). I found it interesting to learn that this approach that Amazon is using is also referred to as "medical tourism" (McQueen, 2008). In the article by McQueen the topic of discussion is employers sending workers abroad for care, which is a bit different than across country. One major point here is that the cost of surgery here in the United States is much more expensive than it would be in another country (with physicians who are just as qualified) (McQueen, 2008). But, it is well known that many people who take sick and live in other countries wish they could get to America for their treatment/surgeries. This makes me question why employers would send there workers to other countries after all. It is low cost, but is it safe? What do you think? The author shares, "There are some potential patient-safety concerns with having surgery overseas. We don't have data but we do have concerns in a number of areas like blood safety. Many patients need blood transfusions. Can you be sure it is free of viral pathogens like HIV or hepatitis C?" (McQueen, 2008, p. 15).

https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122273570173688551

https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-joins-trend-of-sending-workers-away-for-health-care-11571131801

Response:

Assuredly, developing and implementing a reimbursing medical trip is a pragmatic tactic that works effectually for both employees and employers simultaneously. The strategy saves the company a substantial cost while preserving the employees from unnecessary hassle of unsatisfactory medical care and procedurals. According to Medical Tourism Magazine (2019), a myriad of outbound healthcare cases depict a considerable difference between expended costs. It is asserted that outlay of an American healthcare process and the expenditures of the similar medical treatment somewhere else (even in Central America or the Caribbean) are strident. Companies (of course, including Amazon) save millions of dollars by incorporating the medical trip facility to the employees' package. Reportedly, the amount that is saved in the past decade through the implementation of such measures is 20,000 to 30,000 dollars, averagely (Medical Tourism Magazine, 2019). In due course, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Columbia, and Mexico are nearby and eminent locations that proffer lower cost and high-quality medical infrastructures.

Reference:

America Outbound: The Free World has Employees Finding Healthcare Abroad. (2019). Retrieved 5 December 2019, from https://www.medicaltourismmag.com/article/america- outbound-the-free-world-has-employees-finding-healthcare-abroad

America Outbound: The Free World has Employees Finding Healthcare Abroad. (2019). Retrieved 5 December 2019, from https://www.medicaltourismmag.com/article/america-outbound-the-free-world-has-employees-finding-healthcare-abroadAmerica Outbound: The Free World has Employees Finding Healthcare Abroad. (2019). Retrieved 5 December 2019, from https://www.medicaltourismmag.com/article/america-outbound-the-free-world-has-employees-finding-healthcare-abroadAmerica Outbound: The Free World has Employees Finding Healthcare Abroad. (2019). Retrieved 5 December 2019, from https://www.medicaltourismmag.com/article/america-outbound-the-free-world-has-employees-finding-healthcare-abroadBottom of Form

Reply To Classmate's Discussion Board

Reply to Classmates

[Author Name]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Reply to Classmates

Response 1

Dear Eman, after reading your post I must say that the headings you made for each scenario helped in understanding the perspectives of both Coleman and Bailee. BATNA is the most beneficial alternative that a negotiating party can take if they are unable to negotiate on a certain issue (Pinkley & Bennett, 1994). I also agree with you that it is necessary to understand the BATNA of the opponent as well. In the scene as well due to lack of clear understanding of his opponent’s, Coleman's efforts to overpower his opponent failed. In contrast, the other negotiating scene of the movie where Bailee successfully negotiated with the opponent reflects how a clear understanding of BATNA can facilitate successful negotiation (Thompson & Gunia, 2010). I completely agree with you that negotiation is not a way to obtain position yet it is a way of successfully satisfying one’s interest. However, I would like to add that agreement is the binding arrangement between two parties yet if a person is aware of the opponent BATNA then he or she can successfully turn the agreement into his or her favor.

Response 2

Dear Charles, after reading your post must I must say that you did an incredible job in explaining BATNA. The way you first explained the term BATNA and then proceed to explain the movie clips helped a lot in understanding how BATNA facilities people in the process of negotiations. I also agree with you having a backup plan during a negotiation helps to in turning the negotiation process in one’s favor (Brett & Thompson, 2016). In the scene where Reese attempted to blackmail BATMAN, I also agree with you that he entirely misunderstood the basics of BATNA due to which he failed in the negotiation process and had to face the negative outcomes. In contrast, another scene that you mentioned in your discussion post where a girl negotiated successfully I agree with you that this negotiation was successful because she was aware of her BATNA. I would also like to add that despite being aware of her BATNA the girl also had an alternative that helped in enhancing her confidence which in turn lead to successful negotiation outcomes (Gamblin & Pawlik, 2019).

References

Brett, J., & Thompson, L. (2016). Negotiation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 136, 68-79.

Gamblin, T. C., & Pawlik, T. M. (2019). Negotiating: How, When and Why. In Leadership in Surgery (pp. 157-161). Springer, Cham.

Pinkley, R. L., Neale, M. A., & Bennett, R. J. (1994). The impact of alternatives to settlement in dyadic negotiation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 57(1), 97-116.

Thompson, L. L., Wang, J., & Gunia, B. C. (2010). Negotiation. Annual review of psychology, 61, 491-515.

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Hello Catherine

I just found the work you gave a very clear piece about its main concern and point. There is a number of things and reasons which I found crucial and mainly, because of those reasons I agree with your argument regarding the differences between the discussed and analyzed mental models. I agree with you because it is a fact that Homer’s mental model looks much fine and perfect for a businessman because the core concern of the model is to ensure happiness for the family and a good neighborhood. But the case of new place and development of imagination about the place and reality a bit hurt Homer’s family. And Yes, Homer’s model differs from the UN model because Homer’s model is concerned about happiness and comfort while the UN model suggests to squeeze money and gust life up (UN, 2014).

Yes! Based on the UN Delegates’ view, Homer is a criminal and the main focus of the UN Delegates is to make Homer feel like they want and get involved in doing the same as UN Delegates do (Martin, 2019).

Several reasons can be there because of which it can be said that the Globex is not learning but the one given by Catherine is the finest one I think because an organization dominated by a disputed cannot be considered as a learning organization.

Hello Shea

I agree with you and your arguments. You are right that the mental models are the ones that impact our activities and it is based on one’s experiences and the surrounding environment. The job given to Homer benefited him and his family in many ways. While the behavior the Homer adopts makes him a great person and no doubt Homer’s mental model makes Homer consider Scorpio the best boss even the entire world (Martin, 2019). On the other side, the Scorpio has been held completely differently by UN Delegates and that is the main point of difference.

In contrast, the models can lead to conflict if Homer and UN Delegates want to work collectively while it seems much difficult. Beyond that, in terms of Globex, I agree with your statement that it cannot be considered as a learning organization because any organization in which employees are not clear and know about their organization they are part of. This is so because unawareness does not lead to a shared vision towards which the employees and the entire organization put effort.

References

Martin, R. (2019). Homer Simpson Meets His New Boss Hank Scorpio. YouTube. Retrieved 31 October 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6KZhFMWzPM

UN. (2014). UN Delegates. Un.org. Retrieved 31 October 2019, from https://www.un.org/en/sections/resources-different-audiences/delegates/

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Reply 1

Dear Kinza, after reading your post, I must say that you did a commendable in catering to the discussion question. As you highlighted in your post, the communication gap due to which a patient might be at severe risk of getting an allergy, I agree with you that a slight mistake in identifying allergy can have severe consequences. Typically, in the operating room, the environment is not so pleasant, and surgeons lash out not only on nurses but other staff as well (Michael & Jenkins, 2001). Due to this reason, they are unable to identify the mistake or any other issue they are facing. As you mentioned in your post that the cultural barrier could be the reason that the anesthesiologist was unable to tell the surgeon timely in the given scenario. I also agree with you as in many healthcare environments, cultural barriers issues, and lack of collaboration is very common. Thus, it is necessary to remove the communication gap, especially while a patient has to go for surgery to avoid severe consequences.

Reply 2

Dear Catherine, after reading your discussion post, I must say that you did a fantastic job by answering every discussion question. As you pointed out the problem of hierarchy, I also agree with you that in many health care facilities, surgeons are given more importance than other staff. Although, surgeons job is tuff nurses and other hospital staff also have to work under pressure. In the scenario given, I also think that the reason for not identifying the patient's allergy was due to the workload. Understaffing is an issue that many healthcare facilities face due to which healthcare professionals have to work a lot due to which they tend to make a few mistakes (Needleman & Zelevinsky, 2002). In your discussion, you highlighted the issue of different cultural backgrounds. I also agree with you as due to cultural barriers, there is a huge communication gap among the hospital staff. Thus, it is necessary to maintain equality and a collaborative environment to provide quality care to the patients.

References

Michael, R., & Jenkins, H. J. (2001). Work-Related trauma the experiences of perioperative nurses. Collegian, 8(1), 19-25.

Needleman, J., Buerhaus, P., Mattke, S., Stewart, M., & Zelevinsky, K. (2002). Nurse-staffing levels and the quality of care in hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(22), 1715-1722.

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Response to Feng

Feng, you have mentioned almost all the topics that the Society for Human Resource Management highlighted. I will expand your discussion further by identifying some more points. Behavioral competencies is a very important topic as to move forward in profession, it is important that we understand how success looks like. Employee relations is another important topic that is highlighted. It is important to understand how to effectively manage employees in the office as good employee relations are necessary to provide consistent and fair treatment to all employees. In health care, human resource management has a very important role in managing legal and safety issues to ensure the efficient performance of employees and to develop decision making and problem-solving skills. The subtopics highlighted in it include work classification, forecasting, planning, communication, recruitment, performance rewards, and feedback from the client. The integration of all these topics has a direct impact on patient satisfaction and care ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Snell</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>396</RecNum><DisplayText>(Snell, Bohlander, &amp; Bohlander, 2010)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>396</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1579331039">396</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Snell, Scott</author><author>Bohlander, George W</author><author>Bohlander, George</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Principles of human resource management</title></titles><dates><year>2010</year></dates><publisher>South-Western Cengage Learning</publisher><isbn>0324593309</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Snell, Bohlander, & Bohlander, 2010).

Response to Jessica

I think that it is a hot issue as, under the Federal law, use and possession of Marijuana remains illegal. According to state laws, employers have a full right to implement drug-free policies. I think Marijuana testing is very important as it will provide many benefits. Those under the influence of this drug may pose a safety risk to productivity as it is stated in different studies that approximately 75% of Marijuana users are prone to more absenteeism.

Jessica, you are right that medical errors are not only associated with nurses and physicians. In fact, all health care members play an important role in patient safety. All of them are involved in promoting the delivery of safe and quality care to patients by preventing harm and reducing medication errors. Different human resource strategies are very important for improving the performance of the organization and reducing medication errors. Medication errors occur in healthcare originations due to a shortage of staff, overworked or incompetent staff. By hiring a qualified staff who have the ability to consistently work with the principles that are set by the health care facility, medication errors can be reduced. Secondly, working in a team is also beneficial in mitigating medication error and is critical to the quality, success, and safety of the organization ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Taylor-Hyde</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>395</RecNum><DisplayText>(Taylor-Hyde &amp; Ellen, 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>395</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1579330927">395</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Taylor-Hyde, Dr</author><author>Ellen, Mary</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Human Resource Strategies for Improving Organizational Performance to Reduce Medical Errors</title></titles><dates><year>2017</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Taylor-Hyde & Ellen, 2017).

References

ADDIN EN.REFLIST Snell, S., Bohlander, G. W., & Bohlander, G. (2010). Principles of human resource management: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Taylor-Hyde, D., & Ellen, M. (2017). Human Resource Strategies for Improving Organizational Performance to Reduce Medical Errors.

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Dear Bonnie

Your analysis of the clips regarding improvement models have several enlightening observations and refreshing takes. The correct identification of improvement models and the subsequent explanation is impressive. The types of improvement models as described in your post are all inspirational examples to be appropriately modified and implemented in the healthcare industry as well. By bringing down waste and introducing optimum value for patients and customers, the Lean Improvement Model in healthcare has already been hailed as a proper alternative. CITATION Wei17 \l 1033 (Weiss, 2017) The PDSA Improvement Model has also been verified as a viable option for a development plan in the healthcare industry. CITATION Chr18 \l 1033 (Christoff, 2018) Your analysis is therefore significant in analyzing improvement models and providing examples of how they have influenced industries, young students as well as sports enthusiasts.

Dear Natalie

The way you have identified the different improvement models shown in the video clips is remarkable. The Lean Improvement model in the October Sky video successfully eliminated waste and made the production effective and feasible. The description you have provided for the model correctly explains the various aspects of the model and how it worked. In the next video, the PDSA Improvement Model was also correctly identified. The third video, as you have named, contains the Sigma Model. All these development models are also good options to be modified and then optimized for use in the healthcare industry. CITATION Dix16 \l 1033 (Dixon-Woods, 2016) It is the age of moving from quantity of care provided to the quality of care provided. The healthcare industry is shifting its focus on value-based care. It is therefore imperative that these improvement models are used here as well. Your analysis provides more evidence of why it will be beneficial.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Christoff, P. (2018). Running PDSA cycles. Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care, 198-201.

Dixon-Woods, M. &. (2016). Does quality improvement improve quality? Future Hospital Journal, 191-194.

Weiss, E. N. (2017). Lean Tools for Service Business Model Innovation in Healthcare. In M. A. Pfannstiel, Service Business Model Innovation in Healthcare and Hospital Management (pp. 233-247). Cham: Springer.

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Response to Desiree

Dear Desiree! You rightly said that it is difficult to completely apprehend the concept of population health because it involves many integrated aspects and dimensions. The definition of population health provided by you is a good source of knowledge to enhance the understanding level in this regard. The broad idea of population health comprises the idea of distributing health outcomes with a population considering all the various determinants and relevant policies. You rightly apprehended the approach that we should expand the research scenario to obtain better outcomes in the end. It is a mandatory condition to figure out what is a limited form of good health, areas of further improvement to ensure better health services for the entire population. It is also important to identify the practical ways that can be assistive to achieve the objective of enhancing good health for the population ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"JVKdN72M","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kindig & Stoddart, 2003)","plainCitation":"(Kindig & Stoddart, 2003)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1736,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/BURT8RTV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/BURT8RTV"],"itemData":{"id":1736,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"American journal of public health","issue":"3","page":"380-383","title":"What is population health?","volume":"93","author":[{"family":"Kindig","given":"David"},{"family":"Stoddart","given":"Greg"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kindig & Stoddart, 2003). You are right that successful development and acquisition of four paradigms of care management, quality and safety, public health, and health privacy are necessary to ensure improved healthcare services for the entire population. 

Response to Matt

           Dear Matt! Your comprehensive response on population health is helpful to identify and understand various aspects of this approach. Undoubtedly, it is a good piece of information to figure out how population health is different from the domain of public health. The framework of population health provides significant grounds to successfully capture different issues related to population health. I must say that you comprehensively illustrated the prevailing difference between public and population health. A critical prospect of health outcomes is an essential condition when it comes to the provision of proper healthcare services to the entire population ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HHTFLBdZ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hatzenbuehler et al., 2013)","plainCitation":"(Hatzenbuehler et al., 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1737,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/VJIR3KPG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/VJIR3KPG"],"itemData":{"id":1737,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"American journal of public health","issue":"5","page":"813-821","title":"Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities","volume":"103","author":[{"family":"Hatzenbuehler","given":"Mark L."},{"family":"Phelan","given":"Jo C."},{"family":"Link","given":"Bruce G."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2013). Identification of health care advancement is a mandatory condition to meet the enhanced standards of population health. It is one of the central obligations to ensure the well-being of all the citizens with the provision of best healthcare practices and preventive measures for the long-run. I want to add to your discussed information that it is important to increase the level of healthcare support for the community to achieve the ultimate objective of population health. 

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2013). Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 813–821.

Kindig, D., & Stoddart, G. (2003). What is population health? American Journal of Public Health, 93(3), 380–383.