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RESPONSE PAPER
SUMMARY
Since antiquity, the human race has been divided into classes. Although they varied from time to time from feudal to bourgeoisie, slave to workers the dimensions of differences in the class have remained constant. With the invention of steam engines, the industrial revolution took place. It consequently resulted in the concentration of wealth into fewer hands. Hence, creating those who owned the means of production; bourgeoisie and those who work for them to earn returns i.e. proletariat. This brought along difficulties for the working class, poor working conditions and long working hours created exploitation inequalities and resentment towards those managing them. Consequently, creating a tussle of interest between them leading to a struggle to eliminate the difference and creating equality, the chapter suggests that owing to the means of communication this struggle will eventually reach all over the world ending in a revolution. The second part of the chapter narrates differences between a capitalist and a communist society and as to how the abolition of private property is the most important constituent of a Communist society that distributes wealth equally amongst its members of the society. The writer presents communism as a cure to all the ills created by capitalism.
RELEVANCE
We have studied the perspectives with the main emphasis on the sociological structures and the features of their functioning. The theories of sociology help better comprehend situations and interpretations as far as the existence of social structures as concerned. The Marxist theory here aids in the understanding role and the application of Karl Marx's and Engels works in the real world. The emerging paradigms in sociology create comparative analysis and different viewpoints all through which other theories like functionalism can be better comprehended. The theory of Marxism discusses the inequalities in the social structures and how they dominate the institutions, governance systems and lives of individuals within the society. The excerpt encompasses the emergence of social stratification that can subject individuals to certain prestigious lifestyles while others to harsh realities. Marxism, therefore, states that those subject to exploitation will eventually retaliate and oppose to the system, resulting in a better governance system known as communism as compared to capitalism.
ANALYSIS
The Marxism is a theoretical perspective within which the harsh realities of the social setting are recognized, they state that few have the power to control over the economic means over those who don't, through exploitation and subjugation to increase the returns. The macro Marxist analysis reflects upon the international system inclusive of nation states of conflict, where the capitalist states with their abundance in resources, and free market trade policies, exploit the underprivileged (Mouzelis, 1998). The meso level of analysis Marxist theory, however, suggests that the capitalist ideological economic and governance systems that serve the interests of the privileged few. Marxist, microanalysis recognizes that the stratification is an integrated factor within the structure of the society, where the distribution of economic wealth is unequal distribution amongst those in the society creating stratification, mainly two classes ‘bourgeoisie i.e. owners of means of production and proletariat i.e. workers (Wright, 2005). These differences and unjust behavior lead to conflict amongst them.
CRITIQUE
Marxist is criticized for its protagonist views on the distinctions and differences in the social structure. proponents of the social-democratic theory suggest that conflict does not always resolve through revolution or violence, but by negotiation as history claims (Acemoglu & Robinson, 2014). Marxism is largely criticized for over analyzing the capitalist system and that the economic system of communism is not future sustainable and cannot handle the pressures of existence. The school of thought states that inequalities persist due to the ownership of the means of production only, however, Max Weber states that factors like statuses and prestige also create power relations amongst societies. Critics suggest that class stratifications have moved forward from just two broader classifications in the society, the skilled are protected through rights, working hours and skill acquired. The Marxist social structure does not acknowledge the value of culture, religion, and ideas that they equally contribute just like the economy to the foundations of social structures (Marx, 2001).
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. 2014. The Rise and Decline of General Laws of Capitalism. NBER Working Paper Series.
Marx, K. 2001. Preface to a Critique of Political Economy. London: The Electric Book Company.
Mouzelis, N. 1998. Marxism or Post-Marxism? New Left Review; London Vol. 0, Iss. 167, 107.
Wright, E. O. 2005. Approaches to Class Analysis. Cambridge University Press.
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