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[Institutional Affiliation(s)]
Author Note
Response 1
Students detained from schools and colleges have a higher probability of getting involved in impaired behaviours. Negative influence from school management and teachers are significantly effecting students to leave education. The number of dropouts is increasing because of school resegregation in recent years. Lack of political commitment and interest of government officials towards the development of schools and education of children has led the resegregation environment in states. Considering the negative impact of social behaviours and organizational strict policies, an increasing rate of dropouts from communities is recorded ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iTc5JOZZ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":81,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"itemData":{"id":81,"type":"article-journal","title":"Brown and Choice: Helpful or Hurtful? An Analysis of the Charter Movement's Place in Segregation Trends Following the End of Court Ordered Desegregation Plans","author":[{"family":"Larkin","given":"Natalie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Larkin, 2018). Social marginalization, zero-tolerance policies, and strict disciplinary policies in schools can cause a drastic decrease in school-going children. Desegregation of schools was a policy that created hope and peace among various communities as it states education for all ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iEX2tG87","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":81,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"itemData":{"id":81,"type":"article-journal","title":"Brown and Choice: Helpful or Hurtful? An Analysis of the Charter Movement's Place in Segregation Trends Following the End of Court Ordered Desegregation Plans","author":[{"family":"Larkin","given":"Natalie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Larkin, 2018). The resegregation of schools can cause serious problems such as racial discrimination among students. Students from low socio-economic status would not be able to get integrated education. Growth and development of children such as cognitive thinking would be influenced because of racial discrimination among communities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ahiSLWX9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":81,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"itemData":{"id":81,"type":"article-journal","title":"Brown and Choice: Helpful or Hurtful? An Analysis of the Charter Movement's Place in Segregation Trends Following the End of Court Ordered Desegregation Plans","author":[{"family":"Larkin","given":"Natalie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Larkin, 2018). The crime rate among communities would be ultimately increased as racial discrimination would lead the individuals to remain unemployed. Working areas and employment resources would not be equally distributed among communities. The dropout rate of students would be considerably decreased. Desegregation help students to achieve higher grades and an increase in the achievability of a higher IQ level. Psychological and social problems among communities would be significantly increased because of resegregation. The cognitive power of students, creativity, and the development of students to acquire impaired behaviours can be considerably increased. Attending a desegregated school can help reduce racial biases.
Response 2
The crime rate is directly influenced by the low socio-economic status of individuals and education level. Students having fewer resources to get an education in higher integrated schools can acquire bad and impaired behaviours essentially. Students growing up in a low socio-economic environment will have low earnings to sustain in life. They have less accessibility and availability to quality healthcare and better education. These circumstances can lead the communities living in poverty to acquire impaired behaviours. Psychological and emotional health is influenced by an individual's education and awareness ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"nJEBXqdZ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Liebowitz, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Liebowitz, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":82,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/QUREJE9R"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/QUREJE9R"],"itemData":{"id":82,"type":"article-journal","title":"Ending to what end? The impact of the termination of court-desegregation orders on residential segregation and school dropout rates","container-title":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis","page":"103-128","volume":"40","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Liebowitz","given":"David D."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Liebowitz, 2018). Students living in poverty can learn and adapt to what they see and observe in communities. Various studies have shown that the crime rate is higher in those communities living below the poverty line. Delinquency and crime are also associated with the availability of financial and economic resources ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"MOoxCqGv","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Liebowitz, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Liebowitz, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":82,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/QUREJE9R"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/QUREJE9R"],"itemData":{"id":82,"type":"article-journal","title":"Ending to what end? The impact of the termination of court-desegregation orders on residential segregation and school dropout rates","container-title":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis","page":"103-128","volume":"40","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Liebowitz","given":"David D."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Liebowitz, 2018). Children and individuals living in poverty have less interest in getting an education and the main reason behind this is the lack of resources for their families. These communities will have ultimately less productivity as compared to other communities. Lack of interest in schools and education will result in acquiring bad and impaired behaviours and individuals would move towards crime. In a report, it was recorded as reduced productivity and economic production around 1.3 % of GDP and raises in the costs of crime by 1.3 % of GDP every year. Student's productivity decreases with the engagement in crime. Their condensed fruitful movement produces undeviating damage of properties and facilities to the U.S. economy. Higher rates of crime can cause serious damage to the health of individuals and communities that will ultimately result in an increased burden of diseases in countries. Crime is associated with low socioeconomic status, poverty, lack of education and strict interdisciplinary approaches adopted in schools.
How the crime rate and dropouts among students can be reduced?
With the help of multidisciplinary approaches and assistance from schools and colleges along with community health workers, the crime rate from communities can be significantly reduced particularly among children. The rate of dropouts can be significantly improved with the help of integrated approaches and governmental policies such as desegregation and discouraging racial discrimination in schools. Approaches such as pre-kindergarten agendas and curriculums, elementary and secondary school level reforms such as availability of psychologists to help students acquire healthy behaviours. The working environment and class atmosphere can be significantly improved such as the introduction of teamwork and group activities that can enhance student's constructive behaviours ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"bwpEohO5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Loibl, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Loibl, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":85,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/2LGJ3IU7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/2LGJ3IU7"],"itemData":{"id":85,"type":"article-journal","title":"26 Living in Poverty: Understanding the Financial Behaviour of Vulnerable Groups","container-title":"CENTRE FOR DECISION RESEARCH, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UK","page":"421","author":[{"family":"Loibl","given":"Cäzilia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Loibl, 2018). The cost of poverty suggests that there is a need for the implementation of those approaches that can improve resources for needy individuals. Governmental funding programs and cost-effective management strategies are required to be implemented to enhance and promote education among communities. Interdisciplinary approaches and multidimensional strategies at schools can significantly reduce the crime rate in children.
List some protective factors that contribute to youth delinquency?
Educational dissatisfaction, exclusionary reprimand rules, and failure have been documented as important rudiments in a "school to prison pipeline." Though, various studies have shown the dangers for delinquency such as school dropouts and disciplinary policies. Other studies have shown that educational institutes are playing a greater role in communities particularly an increasing number of dropouts. Costs suggest that school-level topographies can support in plummeting the fears for childhood delinquency ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"c8BcwSeS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bell, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Bell, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":84,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/BMFBAJ8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/BMFBAJ8X"],"itemData":{"id":84,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Hidden Fences Shaping Resegregation","container-title":"Harv. CR-CLL Rev.","page":"813","volume":"54","author":[{"family":"Bell","given":"Jeannine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bell, 2019). Mainstream scholars suffering from psychological problems, bad learning, and court-related matters have greater ratios of failures due to biased philosophy that may encompass immature or developmentally arrested thoughts. Other factors such as a bad view or deficiency of positivity and constructive approaches hope from individuals, incapability to regulate feelings and practice of power and viciousness to achieve victory are significantly increasing dropouts and crime. The consequences of diverse strategies at the school-level have condensed dangers and threats for youth delinquency ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ptjkAgf0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bell, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Bell, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":84,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/BMFBAJ8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/BMFBAJ8X"],"itemData":{"id":84,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Hidden Fences Shaping Resegregation","container-title":"Harv. CR-CLL Rev.","page":"813","volume":"54","author":[{"family":"Bell","given":"Jeannine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bell, 2019). For example, compassionate management, dedicated and welcoming staff, and moral learning practices help in the decrease of youth delinquency ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"eRu0IYKU","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ross & Powers, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Ross & Powers, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":83,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43NHXB2X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43NHXB2X"],"itemData":{"id":83,"type":"article-journal","title":"Review of The color of law: A forgotten history of how our government segregated America","container-title":"Education Review//Reseñas Educativas","volume":"25","author":[{"family":"Ross","given":"Lydia"},{"family":"Powers","given":"Jeanne M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ross & Powers, 2018). Organizations applying better strategies and improved management skills have significantly decreased the fears of the crime. These schools have higher proportions of students with better grades in elementary and secondary schools regardless of their socioeconomic status.
How initial failures can lead to life-long impaired behaviours?
People living in low socioeconomic conditions have the least access to necessities of life and have the least resources to avail of the best education and healthcare services for their children. Students who fail to get an education will acquire most of the time in leisure. Children in their early years learn and adapt from the surroundings and the atmosphere of communities have a great influence on them. Failures in schools can lead the students to leave education and the rate of dropouts would be increased. Schools' environment and family relationships also have a great impact on the development of children. Lack of family involvement and strict disciplinary approaches from schools will force students to acquire bad behaviours. Learning significantly positively affects children however, lack of resources and failure in schools can lead the children to move towards crime. Early education has a strong positive association in the development of children that retain throughout life. Acquiring bad and impaired behaviours in the early years will force children to attain success through power and viciousness. The positive and enabling environment in schools and communities can help children in the adaptation of positive and problem-solving behaviours that can help them sustain throughout their life.
References
BIBLIOGRAPHY ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bell, J. (2019). The Hidden Fences Shaping Resegregation. Harv. CR-CLL Rev., 54, 813.
Larkin, N. (2018). Brown and Choice: Helpful or Hurtful? An Analysis of the Charter Movement’s Place in Segregation Trends Following the End of Court Ordered Desegregation Plans.
Liebowitz, D. D. (2018). Ending to what end? The impact of the termination of court-desegregation orders on residential segregation and school dropout rates. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 40(1), 103–128.
Loibl, C. (2018). 26 Living in Poverty: Understanding the Financial Behaviour of Vulnerable Groups. CENTRE FOR DECISION RESEARCH, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UK, 421.
Ross, L., & Powers, J. M. (2018). Review of The color of law: A forgotten history of how our government segregated America. Education Review//Reseñas Educativas, 25.
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