Discussion 4

Discussion 4

Author name

Affiliations

1.

High doses of stimulants produce behaviors in abusers that mimic schizophrenia. ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"zN8wQ6CS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Steeds, Carhart-Harris, & Stone, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Steeds, Carhart-Harris, & Stone, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2763,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/DRZTR89I"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/DRZTR89I"],"itemData":{"id":2763,"type":"article-journal","title":"Drug models of schizophrenia","container-title":"Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology","page":"43-58","volume":"5","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Steeds","given":"Hannah"},{"family":"Carhart-Harris","given":"Robin L."},{"family":"Stone","given":"James M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Steeds, Carhart-Harris, & Stone, 2015). These people can experience delusions, hallucinations, the paucity of speech or thought and bizarre behavior in addition to disorganized thinking. For example, if the abuser is taking a high dose of cocaine then all these effects are exaggerated. There will be an increase in anxiety, thoughtlessness, apprehension and paranoid psychosis as a result of higher blood levels ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"21XiPjWi","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Julien, Advokat, & Comaty, 2010)","plainCitation":"(Julien, Advokat, & Comaty, 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2761,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/VM9J6JQB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/VM9J6JQB"],"itemData":{"id":2761,"type":"book","title":"Primer of Drug Action","publisher":"Macmillan","ISBN":"1-4292-3343-5","author":[{"family":"Julien","given":"Robert M."},{"family":"Advokat","given":"Claire D."},{"family":"Comaty","given":"Joseph E."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Julien, Advokat, & Comaty, 2010). Moreover, he can also have a sensation of bugs crawling around under the skin or can be involved in any aversive activity, for example, cleaning an apartment.

The use of drugs produce changes in people’s brains leading to loss of gray matter. In addition, abnormal neural responses are also generated in cortical areas and people tend to lose their memory. Besides, this also wired the brain and force it to repeat the experience and feel good.

2.

Drug abusers sometimes consumer more than one drug. Some cocaine addicts also abuse alcohol. Cocaine has a very strong effect as it is in powdered form and is absorbed directly into the blood circulation. Moreover, it also increases the amount of dopamine that affects the distinguishing ability of abusers to create a difference between different objects. its small quantities

Alcohol after its absorption is readily disseminated all through the body by crossing the blood-brain barrier, causing normal brain functions to disturb ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"m2wK8sxC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Julien et al., 2010)","plainCitation":"(Julien et al., 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2761,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/VM9J6JQB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/VM9J6JQB"],"itemData":{"id":2761,"type":"book","title":"Primer of Drug Action","publisher":"Macmillan","ISBN":"1-4292-3343-5","author":[{"family":"Julien","given":"Robert M."},{"family":"Advokat","given":"Claire D."},{"family":"Comaty","given":"Joseph E."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Julien et al., 2010). Its effects are additive when used with sedative-hypnotic compounds. In these cases, there is more damage to the motor and cognitive abilities of persons. A person can experience mild discrepancies to alcohol-induced blackouts.

Furthermore, it affects the circulation and the heart by dilating the blood vessels in the skin and decreasing body temperature ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"9sFVzRQk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Pienaar et al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Pienaar et al., 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2762,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/UDBTXIDC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/UDBTXIDC"],"itemData":{"id":2762,"type":"article-journal","title":"Diffracting addicting binaries: An analysis of personal accounts of alcohol and other drug ‘addiction’","container-title":"Health:","page":"519-537","volume":"21","issue":"5","author":[{"family":"Pienaar","given":"Kiran"},{"family":"Moore","given":"David"},{"family":"Fraser","given":"Suzanne"},{"family":"Kokanovic","given":"Renata"},{"family":"Treloar","given":"Carla"},{"family":"Dilkes-Frayne","given":"Ella"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Pienaar et al., 2017). At low doses, blood pressure increases and heart rate.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Julien, R. M., Advokat, C. D., & Comaty, J. E. (2010). Primer of Drug Action. Macmillan.

Pienaar, K., Moore, D., Fraser, S., Kokanovic, R., Treloar, C., & Dilkes-Frayne, E. (2017). Diffracting addicting binaries: An analysis of personal accounts of alcohol and another drug ‘addiction.' Health: 21(5), 519–537.

Steeds, H., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Stone, J. M. (2015). Drug models of schizophrenia. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 5(1), 43–58.