More Subjects
Write Up The Sleep / Frustration / Memory Data Analysis In An APA Style Summary Report Draft
egdo e/bjbj 7nzfzf ttttt88(FFF4tFFFFFttHFRttF 7 zR 08/ HH7 7 8Hto 4FFFFFFFFFF8FFFFHFFFFFFFFF X
Frustration, Sleep and Memory
Your Name(s)
Touro College
Abstract
This paper is aimed at exploring the association between frustration (stress), memory and sleeping patterns particularly when subjects are taught that stress is a positive state of arousal. In this research paper, it will be reported how individuals with positive perceptions regarding stress responded to memory and sleep tests. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted using 12 subjects. Obtained results were analyzed using SPSS-version 21 and correlation analysis suggested that there was significant (p 0.05) correlation between these three variables i.e., frustration (stress) and sleep, frustration and memory and memory and sleep.
Frustration, Sleep and Memory
In the psychological literature, stress has long been contemplated to have negative consequences on physical, mental, emotional and social wellbeing of individuals. However, robust literature suggests that it is not the stress but perception of stress is what makes a difference individuals who are told that stress arousal is a favorable physiological reaction to encourage them combat the negative environmental situations. Stress is linked to various neurological and emotional responses such as sleep and memory and positive perception of stress is positively correlated with the sleep and memory processing of individuals (Keller et. al., 2011).
Stress is referred to as a condition in which there is slight or immense discrepancy between internal resources and external demands of individuals and is highly prevalent in todays society as one third of the Americans were found to have extreme negative perception of their stressful responses. They marked even the slightest stress as extreme and it not only affected their neurological conditions but also increased mortality rates to a considerable degree. In the past, researchers have attempted to explore the association between health outcomes and stress encapsulating mortality and have centralized their focus on specific stressors such as chronic work stress and negative life- experiences. Hence, they partially disregarded the relationship between health outcomes and perception of stress.
The amount of stress an individual experience is conceptually distinct from ones perception that stress has negative impact on health. Undoubtedly, a bulk of literature supports the fact that individuals experiencing even slight stress still believe that it has substantial impact on their health. Moreover, the perception of stress affects the physical and mental health quite differently than the level and amount of stress. A famous health perception model the transactional model of stress presented by Folkman and Lazarus in 1984 suggests that health impacts of stress are mediated by our perceptions and beliefs about the stressful situation. If one is optimistic and open-minded, the physiological responses of stress would be converted into courageous and excited ones which do not harm the functioning of vital functions e.g., heart, kidneys, brain, liver and stomach (Keller et. al., 2011).
Memory is referred to as the function of brain through which information is encoded, stored and decoded when required. Memory is an important function of brain as it helps us storing significant information about objects, individuals and situations and enables us to use this information for further decision making. It makes easier for us to maintain and use language, develop relationship and personal identity. In neurological terms, memory is thought to be a system responsible for information processing with both implicit and explicit functions exclusively made up of sensory memory, long terms and short- term memory. With the help of this processing, individuals become capable of storing and remembering their past experiences (Ferri et. al., 2008).
Sleep is a natural phenomenon of reduced interaction with surroundings that occurs with day and time-sensitivity. It is characterized by transformed consciousness, limited sensory and motor activity, reduced muscle activity and movement of voluntary muscles. In this state, one feels it hard to interact to his environment as he demonstrates less sensitivity towards external stimuli (Michael, 2012). It occurs in repetitive manner having REM and Non-REM stages. Psychologists regard sleep as an integral part of human functioning as it helps removing the brain clutters and prepares us to concentrate on the upcoming stimuli in the most sophisticated manner.
Now that a brief introduction of three variables has been presented, the association between frustration, sleep and memory will be explored using survey methodology in order to learn more about this topic or see it from a first-hand perspective. It will be investigated that what is the strength and direction of relationship among frustration (stress) and sleep, frustration and memory and memory and sleep. This article will contribute to the preexisting knowledge about the subject matter.
Methods
In order to investigate the association between frustration (stress) and sleep, frustration and memory and memory and sleep, a survey design will be used in which their level of frustration, quality of sleep and memory will be analyzed using questionnaires. Below is presented the detailed description of participants, materials and procedure
Participants
12 Participants were selected through random sampling technique which allowed all the participants to have an equal chance of selection. Their demographic characteristics included
Table 1.0
Study demographics (N12)
Sr. DemographicsDescription 1Age 25-35 years2Gender Both male and female 3QualificationGraduation 4Illness No reported sleep or memory deteriorationMaterials
In order to collect data from the sample, quantitative survey design was used for which self-administered questionnaires were designed that measured the level of frustration, sleep quality and memory functioning of 12 participants.
Procedure
Participants were first debriefed about the study objectives and significance of their honest responses those who demonstrated willingness to participate, signed an informed consent stating that information obtained will be kept confidential and will solely be used for research purpose only. Moreover, their identity will not be revealed as well. After these attempts to ensure confidentiality and privacy concerns, subjects will be given these questionnaires one by one i.e., frustration, sleep and memory respectively. The process of data collection took approximately 2 hours to be completed.
Results
After obtaining the data from the participants, it was fed to appropriate statistical softwareStatistical Package for Social Science SPSS-version 21 for further analysis. The mean scores for frustration, sleep and memory were obtained and further bi-variate correlation was run over scores. Here are presented the results from SPSS
Table 2.0
Mean scores of study variables (N12 p0.05)
Variables Mean (M)Standard deviation (SD)Frustration 4.912.12Sleep 6.052.11Memory 3.552.84
Table 3.0
Table indicating the correlation between frustration and sleep (N12 p0.05)
Correlation (r)Sleep
Frustration
0.15
Table 4.0
Table indicating the correlation between frustration and memory (N12 p0.05)
Correlation (r)Memory
Frustration
0.66
Table 5.0
Table indicating the correlation between memory and sleep (N12 p0.05)
Correlation (r)Sleep
Memory
-0.05
Discussion
Study results indicated that mean scores of frustration, sleep and memory are 4.91, 6.05 and 3.55 and that of standard deviation are 2.12, 2.11 and 2.84 respectively. On the other hand, the values of r for frustration and sleep was found to be 0.15 which indicates a weak positive correlation i.e., individuals who had substantial frustration had quality sleep as well because they had perceived that frustration is a positive state of arousal and they must not worry about it.
The values of r for frustration and sleep was found to be 0.60 which indicates a strong positive correlation between these two variables i.e., individuals who had substantial frustration had excellent memory functioning as well because they had perceived that frustration is a positive state of arousal. Hence, it can be concluded that positive perception of frustration has positive effects on memory functioning.
The values of r for memory and sleep was found to be -0.05 which indicates weakest negative correlation between these two variables i.e., individuals who had excellent memory had poor sleep where those who had good sleep showed poor memory but this relationship is quite weak so prospective association can be disregarded. Study result might have methodology limitations and cultural biasness i.e., experimental studies can be used to study the cause-and-effect relationship between these variables in future and culture specificity can also act as a threat to generalizibility.
References
Ferri, R., Manconi, M., Plazzi, G., Bruni, O., Vandi, S., Montagna, P., Zucconi, M. (2008). A quantitative statistical analysis of the submentalis muscle EMG amplitude during sleep in normal controls and patients with REM sleep behavior disorder. Journal of Sleep Research, 17(1), 89100. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00631
Keller, A., Kristin, L., Lauren E. W., Maddox, T., Erika, R. C., Paul, D. C., Whitney P. W. (2012). Does the Perception that Stress Affects Health Matter The Association with Health and Mortality. Health Psychol., 31(5), 677684. Retrieved from HYPERLINK https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374921/ https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374921/
Michael, E., (2012). Attention and Arousal Cognition and Performance. Berlin, Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-642-68390-9
FRUSTRATION, SLEEP AND MEMORY PAGE MERGEFORMAT 2
Running head FRUSTRATION, SLEEP AND MEMORY PAGE MERGEFORMAT 1
-01@ABCDEFGHIR d e Q S sh5Gh5GCJOJQJaJheCJOJQJaJh5GCJOJQJaJhTCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GheCJOJQJaJ1@ABCDEFGHR dagddgd dagdedgde
7dIfgd dgdf
dgdedagde dgde dagdhdgddgde
t
v
OhppaaRaah5GhTCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh_CJOJQJaJh5GhPOCJOJQJaJhb_hb_CJOJQJaJhb_CJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhcCJOJQJaJh5GheCJOJQJaJh5GhhCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5Gh7S9CJOJQJaJhu@AB,47sdsUUUh5GhCJOJQJaJhb_hb_CJOJQJaJhb_CJOJQJaJh5GhiCJOJQJaJh_CJOJQJaJ6h5GhBCJOJQJaJfHphq 9h5Gh6BCJOJQJaJfHphq h5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhtCJOJQJaJrnh5Ghf6CJOJQJaJh5Ghf5CJOJQJaJh5Ghe6CJOJQJaJhTCJOJQJaJh5GheCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhiCJOJQJaJh_CJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5Gh9CJOJQJaJ5679AVWXYZghstuvw
C D E h_CJOJQJaJh5GhTCJOJQJaJh5GhZ-CJOJQJaJh5GhfCJOJQJaJh5Ghe6CJOJQJaJh hfCJOJQJaJh h9CJOJQJaJh5Ghf6CJOJQJaJh5G6CJOJQJaJ0//dIfgd kdIflF.N t0644 lapyt dIfgd 679AWckdIflF.N t0644 layt dIfgd WXZhtqcccdIfgd kdIflF.N t0644 layt tuwqcccdIfgd kdIflF.N t0644 layt qgYggHdagde
dgde dgdekdIflF.N t0644 layt Vxxihx5CJOJQJaJh hmCJOJQJaJh h5GCJOJQJaJh hZ-CJOJQJaJhx6CJOJQJaJh5Gh5G6CJOJQJaJh5GhZ-6CJOJQJaJh5GhZ-5CJOJQJaJh5GheCJOJQJaJh5GhZ-CJOJQJaJh5Gh_CJOJQJaJVdIfgd dgdZ-
dgdZ-KdIfgd kdIflF@PXT t0644 lapyt qcccdIfgd kdIflF@PXT t0644 layt qcccdIfgd kdIflF@PXT t0644 layt QahiqgggYYYdIfgd dgdZ-kdVIflF@PXT t0644 layt BGOPQahijwxy MRZlstuh5GhmCJOJQJaJh h5GCJOJQJaJh hmCJOJQJaJhx6CJOJQJaJh5Gh5G6CJOJQJaJh5Ghm6CJOJQJaJh5GhZ-5CJOJQJaJh5Ghm5CJOJQJaJ2ijwxidIfgd kdIfl0bb t0644 lapyt zppbbbdIfgd dgdm dgdZ-kdIfl0bb t0644 layt idIfgd kdIfl0bb t0644 lapyt lstzppbbbdIfgd dgdm dgdZ-kdIfl0bb t0644 layt tuidIfgd kdIfl0( t0644 lapyt q)WXYZzmcccYYYY dgde dgdxdagde dgdZ-kd Ifl0( t0644 layt pq((())UVyVWXYZ_abcyyyyyyyh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhkCJOJQJaJhCJOJQJaJhTCJOJQJaJhCJOJQJaJhkCJOJQJaJhxhxCJOJQJaJhxCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GheCJOJQJaJ/_abco,5..........0d0agde0d0gde0d0gdb_dagdb_ dgdecdno,,,,,,,,,,,----
-------------.3.4.5..@.X.........vvvvvh5GheCJOJQJaJhb_hTCJOJQJaJ hb_hb_0JCJOJQJaJjhb_hb_CJOJQJUaJhb_CJOJQJaJhb_hb_CJOJQJaJh5Ghb_CJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJh5GhCJOJQJaJ........................
/////////C/E/F///_//a/b/c/j0jh7QhXnCJOJQJUaJmHnHuhb_CJOJQJaJmHnHujh7QhXnCJOJQJUaJh7QhXnCJOJQJaJjhXnUmHnHuhb_mHnHujhXnUhXnhCJOJQJaJhJWjhJWUh5GheCJOJQJaJ).............///a/b/c/d/e/agdv dgde dgdO0d0agdec/d/e/h5GheCJOJQJaJhJW5 01hp/ Ifvhv.vvNVl t065.55N/pyt Ifvhv.vvNVl t065.55N/yt Ifvhv.vvNVl t065.55Nyt Ifvhv.vvNVl t065.55Nyt Ifvhv.vvNVl t065.55Nyt IfvhvXvTvVl t065X5T5/pyt IfvhvXvTvVl t065X5T5/yt IfvhvXvTvVl t065X5T5yt IfvhvXvTvVl t065X5T5yt IfvhvvbVl t0655b/pyt IfvhvvbVl t0655b/yt IfvhvvbVl t0655b/pyt IfvhvvbVl t0655b/yt Ifvhv(vVl t065(5/pyt Ifvhv(vVl t065(5/yt y666666666vvvvvvvvv6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@Pp2( 0@Pp 0@Pp 0@Pp 0@Pp 0@Pp 0@Pp8XV 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@666666 OJPJQJ_HmH nH sH tH JJNormaldCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA DDefault Paragraph FontRi@R
0Table Normal4 l4a(k (
0No List@e0HeaderdH..e0Header Char e0FooterdH..e0Footer CharZ2Z e0Balloon TextdCJOJQJaJmHsHtHN/ANe0Balloon Text CharCJOJQJJaJ6UQ6e0 HyperlinkBphtcte Table Grid7V0dr i0Normal (Web)dddCJOJPJQJaJPKContent_Types.xmlN0EH-J@ULTB l,3rJBG7OVa(7IRpgLr85vuQ8CX6NJCFB..YTe55 _g -Yl6NPK6_rels/.relsj0Qv/C/(hO Chvxp_P1H0ORBdJE4bq_6LR70O,En7Lib/SePKkytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlM @w7c(EbCA7K
Y,
e.,H,lxIsQ ,jGW)E 8PKtheme/theme/theme1.xmlYKo7Xd7GJK.eG9R@ZP
z1MDi siLaI/N, IQ XwB
2ZCXFKqKJWD 0TcKBcqYT(NmONIkwLWfxAiRvr@2SNque_F78TkPvEA67meiW
(IKR6u7n@A4D3RIiGhQB8HA(aKniOEE0KK9gZ76z/L_zS.Lq__phhC_MbJ@ R8wddmjcp/IDg6wZ0sDwr,qlEyDQQ,c8B,gxMDM./SAeQFSDbjE7CbNpr8fnFrI.1fV21(tkJV1/ QL07fVIhcMZ6/H bWGvTsBCtLQJxyJ C (tRQe1/-/A_Y)6(p_Nnjzb-nVb.7pMMMMud9c47iV7df5j
z9JrJ3Ax FU9i3Q/B)LRPx)04N OagYeHjkblChPWalfpX OAXlXVZbr
Zy4Sw3WhPxzSqyu,.in6 mgV/C,jSAh4@3Sm
CcBs
rHDuALqW@C48v2Pn7VKYpVlE7AUeexwPx ,oteU3gpsq530BUMZ4Ube9i5j,zE5714g1nsBW 0xnGDA0Y4rl@2E5,bhWjKm68.wB.GtO
-/PK
theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0woo5
6Q
,.aic21hqm@RNdo7gK(MR(.1rJT8VAHubP8g/QAs(LPK-Content_Types.xmlPK-60_rels/.relsPK-kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-theme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-
theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8 standaloneyes
aclrMap xmlnsahttp//schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main bg1lt1 tx1dk1 bg2lt2 tx2dk2 accent1accent1 accent2accent2 accent3accent3 accent4accent4 accent5accent5 accent6accent6 hlinkhlink folHlinkfolHlink/en III h c.c/e/1346 Wtit.e/ (),-./0253eXCEvT @H 0( 0( B S cfcfdeQSt @AB
CDEE nnoo
455XCEfdeQS @ABCDEEfnvOJQJo(88OJQJo(OJQJo(o p OJQJo(@OJQJo(xxOJQJo(HHOJQJo(oOJQJo(OJQJo(NE
dzG JWH0imv0keRtZ-27S99w(@nGtKL3Q7QvUOhxAIcR9ilXn7zY.N_x 8TZ5G6DsLHVh9ttPOkf5ib_@e@Unknown G.x Times New Roman5Symbol3..x Arial7.. Calibri5..)TahomaC.,. Calibri Light .Cx Courier NewWingdingsABCambria Math1hzjzT F Fn0KHP Pe2xx_CNRPF Oh0 (
4@HPXCNRNormalPF10Microsoft Office Word@@WU@nUz@z .,D.,Dhp
The College of New RochelleFTitle 8@_PID_HLINKSAG6https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374921/
(),-./012345679ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSUVWXYZ_abcfRoot Entry FzhData 81Table@XWordDocument7nSummaryInformation(TDocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjr F Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q
More Subjects
Join our mailing list
© All Rights Reserved 2024