PSYC-3030-01

PSYC-3030-01

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

PSYC-3030-01

Kemp, A. E. (1996). The musical temperament: Psychology and personality of musicians. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.

In this article, the author discussed the personality development of musicians and the impact of this development and temperament on musicianship. The author discussed the correlation between personality and musicianship through various factors. He discussed the factors that have an impact on the personality of musicians include, independence, gender, introversion, depression, sensitivity. He concluded with the help of these factors that the musicians choose different forms of music, i.e. singing, orchestral playing, or conducting, also the type of music, i.e. pop, rock, and folk, etc. according to their personality development.

Comrey, A. L. (1988). Factor-analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(5), 754-761.

The author wrote this article for the consulting and clinical field of psychology. He discussed the methods for the research and suggested a proper procedure to avoid any problem. He also addressed some crucial pitfalls in the homogenous scale construction. He concluded that during research for personality development criterion group method is ineffective. Instead, the proper layout should be designed that should have writing, analysis, and answer scale format.

Mary K. Rothbart, Corresponding Author: Mary K. Rothbart, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Volume: 16 issue: 4, page(s): 207-212

The author Mary discussed the one major factor that has an impact on personality development, which is temperament. With the help of past researches and valued findings of temperament structure, the author concluded that personality development has five major traits and temperament is one of them. Elements like empathy, calmness, and aggressive determine the personality development of individuals.

Avshalom Caspi & Brent W. Roberts, Personality Development Across The Life Course:The Argument For Change And Continuity, Volume 12, 2001

In the article, the author addressed the five crucial questions, directly related to personality development. These questions include the stage in life when individual identify characteristics, stage of full development, factors that lead to change in personality, mechanism of continuity, and mechanism that promote personality change. Through the qualitative data, he answered these questions that characteristics change from childhood to adulthood, there is no full development life is the continuity of changes, time and age lead to changes, and it promotes to continuity and changes in personality.

E. Scott Huebner, Quality of Life and Personality Development: A Reply to Land and Michalos, February 2018, Volume 135, Issue 3, pp 1021–1025

The author of the article mainly discussed the need for advancement in the research method for personality development. He argued that the researchers for the quality of life need to raise their attention towards the science of personality development. Author arranged the informative discussions for background, correlations, and consequences that QOL should evolve from all age group through proper and advance method. Also, there should be a useful starting for the synthesis of literature on developmentally informed knowledge.

Paul T. Costa, Personality Across the life span, January 2019, Vol. 70:423-448

The author wrote about the trait stability and maturity which promote the mechanism of personality development. Both stability and maturity is the main focus of contemporary personality development in psychology. With the help of past researches, surveys, and experiments the author concluded that personality psychology is persuasive and unexplained inconsistencies. The main factors behind the inconsistencies are the age-sensitive difference, inefficient focus towards measurement error, and a different perspective while observing and self-reporting. Different methods are significant to personality development especially that has an interest in adult development.

R. Chris Fraley, Attachment in Adulthood: Recent Development, Emerging Debates, and Future Directions, January 2019, Volume 70:401-422

The author discussed a perspective of personality development through emotionally and powerful experiences. The lifetime experiences maintain, disrupt, and balance the relationship of the individuals with the people around them. He concludes that the attachment-related functions of the people changes with the time and therefore results in the development of personality. Different experiences make people secure as well as insecure for their close ones and can change their perspective towards life.

Annamaria Di Fabia & Donald H. Sakofske, Positive Relational Management for Sustainable Development: Beyond Personality Traits—The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence, Sustainability 2019, 11(2), 330

In the article, the author discussed the personality development of the adult, who has the job and specific working environment. He collected data through questionnaire from the people of different organizations and concluded that the healthy and positive environment is essential for the positive development of personality. The results of the questionnaire filled by employers underscore the correlation between emotional intelligence trait and relational management. Therefore emotional attachment and healthy relations with colleagues has major importance in positive personal life.

Ethan S. Young & Jeffry A. Simpson, Childhood attachment and adult personality: A life history perspective, Volume 18,2019

The author worked on the theory the childhood experiences are directly related to personality development in adulthood. The author developed result through exploratory mediation analysis. The result shows that Origin of personality changes and its development is correlated with past whether positive or negative, negative experience had more impact on personality.

Donnellan, M. B., Hill, P. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2015). Personality development across the life span: and pattern of development, Vol. 4. Personality processes and individual differences (pp. 107-126)

In the article, the author studied that personality development majorly linked to the origins and stability of people from childhood to adulthood. The participants who have a stable life in childhood are more positive and relaxed in adulthood while others have strange experiences to share and the way their experiences change their personality ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kwrUYz1Z","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Young, Simpson, Griskevicius, Huelsnitz, & Fleck, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Young, Simpson, Griskevicius, Huelsnitz, & Fleck, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":152,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/96I6CCVB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/96I6CCVB"],"itemData":{"id":152,"type":"article-journal","title":"Childhood attachment and adult personality: A life history perspective","container-title":"Self and Identity","page":"22-38","volume":"18","issue":"1","source":"Taylor and Francis+NEJM","abstract":"According to attachment theory, being securely attached to one’s primary caregiver early in life should be related to personality adulthood. However, no studies to date have investigated this key premise using prospective data. To address this gap, we discuss evolutionary-based models of attachment and use them to examine how secure versus insecure children might score differently on Big 5 traits that underlie the meta-trait stability. We modeled data from Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 170), which has followed participants across 30 years. Participant’s early attachment status was assessed in Ainsworth’s Strange at 12 and 18 months and personality was assessed on Big 5 measures at age 32. Being securely attached early in childhood predicted three of the Big 5 traits known to tap the meta-trait stability. Specifically, participants rated as secure early in life scored higher on agreeableness and conscientiousness and lower on neuroticism in adulthood, whereas those rated as insecure scored lower on agreeableness and conscientiousness and higher on neuroticism. Exploratory mediation analyses revealed that neither adult attachment representations nor internalizing/externalizing symptoms mediated the association between early security and stability. The implications of these findings for understanding the origins of personality variation are discussed.","DOI":"10.1080/15298868.2017.1353540","ISSN":"1529-8868","shortTitle":"Childhood attachment and adult personality","author":[{"family":"Young","given":"Ethan S."},{"family":"Simpson","given":"Jeffry A."},{"family":"Griskevicius","given":"Vladas"},{"family":"Huelsnitz","given":"Chloe O."},{"family":"Fleck","given":"Cory"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Young, Simpson, Griskevicius, Huelsnitz, & Fleck, 2019).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Caspi, A., & Roberts, B. W. (2001). Personality Development Across the Life Course:The Argument for Change and Continuity. Psychological Inquiry, 12(2), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1202_01

Comrey, A. L. (1988). Factor-analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(5), 754–761. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.5.754

Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2019). Personality Across the Life Span. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), 423–448. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103244

Di Fabio, A., & Saklofske, D. H. (2019). Positive Relational Management for Sustainable Development: Beyond Personality Traits—The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence. Sustainability, 11(2), 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020330

Donnellan, M. B., Hill, P. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2015). Personality development across the life span: Current findings and future directions. In APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Volume 4: Personality processes and individual differences (pp. 107–126). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14343-005

Fraley, R. C. (2019). Attachment in Adulthood: Recent Developments, Emerging Debates, and Future Directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), 401–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102813

Huebner, E. S. (2018). Quality of Life and Personality Development: A Reply to Land and Michalos. Social Indicators Research, 135(3), 1021–1025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1560-1

Kemp, A. E. (1996). The musical temperament: Psychology and personality of musicians. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523628.001.0001

Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Temperament, Development, and Personality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(4), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00505.x

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Young, E. S., Simpson, J. A., Griskevicius, V., Huelsnitz, C. O., & Fleck, C. (2019). Childhood attachment and adult personality: A life history perspective. Self and Identity, 18(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1353540