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DB 1- Understanding Life Span Human Development
Human development follows a life span in which an individual learns and acquires different things, both physically and psychologically. The life span of human development indicates the change in the life of an individual due to cohort effect, culture, and other socio-economic conditions. The change can be physical or psychological, but both bring change in the behavior and lifestyle of the individual. The main purpose of discussion on this topic is to understand the importance of biological predispositions as a factor of human development.
There are various domains of development which bring changes in human life. The major domains include cohort, socio-emotional, cognitive, language, and physical. Domain indicates the different aspect of change and growth. For instance, after birth baby shows prominent physical changes. He changes in strength, size, and acquires skills. Cognitive domains indicate the intellectual development, which helps in acquiring the ability of thinking, decision making, understanding of the environment, and pay attention. Baby adopt language, religion, and norms of the society where he born. Before reaching to the cognitive development, he unconsciously adopts different socio-emotional changes without any issue or question. Therefore, culture and environment are the crucial elements in the life span of human development. Cohort and socio-emotional development mainly depend on the people living in the surroundings. Parent, relative, and peer play an important role in psychological development. More than one domain may work at the same time, but most often one of the domain acts more prominently during different phases of life because development is a multifaceted process.
Hence, change in one domain can bring change in others. For instance, when a child starts to go to school, the cohort effect increases and peer pressure change the psychological behavior of the child. It is important to have a positive impact of cohort effect to make child positive and better person. My career goal is to become a physical therapy program. This goal is the result of the effect of my parents, culture, cognitive, and cohort effect from childhood to the stage where I had to choose the future profession.
DB 2- Health and Intelligence
Gender role is an important aspect of any society. Society contains numbers of stereotypes which shape the behavior pattern of the gender. Gender roles are mainly influenced by factors including culture, environment, family life, and cognitive development. In pursuing healthy development societal expectations influence the cognitive development for gender.
Stereotypes like men are strong and women take care of family somehow influence the mentality of the children. At this point, parents play the main role because thoughts, behavior and psychological thinking of the parents affect the thinking of the children. For instance, my parents used to say in my childhood that my baby will become a doctor one day. This statement influences me so much that over time, this thinking or wish of my parents become my wish and goal. Moreover, there are many occasions when negative societal expectations influence the creativity and intelligence of children. For instance, in my childhood, I saw parents of my friend, forcing him to drop his name from dance competition as he had to wear frock for performance. In our society, dresses also indicate the strength of gender. Boys cannot wear a pink shirt or frocks. Therefore, my friend left the performance due to parental pressure. There are many other stereotypes developed in the culture like women cannot do a night job and men do not cry. Men are tough and should join fields like the doctor, engineer, economist but they cannot select field like fine art, fashion designing because these are for female. These types of influence can bring both positive as well as negative impact in different domains. In cognitive development, the child learns these stereotypes and start accepting it due to the great influence of family, society, and media.
Therefore, it can be concluded that during cognitive development, societal expectations affect creativity and intelligence. It develops the behavior pattern of male and female differently rather than the same.
DB 4- Gender Roles and Sexuality
Babies born without the ability to thinking and making the decision. During the first year of development, they face the domain of cognitive development, which enables them to pay attention, make the decision, and reflex to different activities. However, sex difference is not the thought of any child, it becomes indifferent with time due to the influence of family and environment.
Moving from childhood to adulthood various physical and psychological changes happens in human that determine the gender-typed behaviors. These changes happen due to the chromosomal and hormonal differences in male and female. Research indicates that the male brain is larger than the female brain but there is an area of the brain appears as not to be differentiated based on sexuality. In childhood, an individual is unable to experience the feelings of sexual attraction but after becoming adult they start differentiating in sexuality. Sex and brain start influencing human development during early adulthood and changes the behavior of the child. Some child becomes aggressive while some become sensitive and less confident. For instance, when I entered into adulthood, I start feeling uncomfortable with the opposite sex and become a little aggressive. However, over time aggression disappeared and I learned how to communicate with sex and the opposite sex. Therefore, during the life span different domain like cognitive, temperament, the language keeps on changing the physical and psychological behavior of the individual. Cognitive domain helps in learning how to differentiate sexes and socio-emotional domain changes the perception of the individual regarding sexuality. Here parenting play a crucial role. For instance, in movie “babies,” a child who was closer to mother learned different things earlier than other siblings. He starts walking earlier and adopted language because his mother used to speak and sing a lot in front of him.
Therefore, It can be concluded that cognitive development is highly influenced by the culture and society which and results in physiological differences and behavioral differences between sexes.
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