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Development research paper
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Section 1
Life –span perspective:
It is one of the important methods that are used by the psychologists for studying and understanding development that a human being undergoes, as there is a proper process through which human develops i.e. from infancy to old age. It has been seen that from infancy to old age, they pass through changes in physiologically, emotionally and psychologically. There are different frameworks that are used for studying human development and the very first idea is that development is a multidimensional process. Following are the different characteristic of the life span perspective and are listed below:
Lifelong:
In this aspect, there is an emphasis that early adulthood is not the end stage for development. According to this concept, there is no age that dominates development.
Multidimensional:
It is another major aspect of life-span perspective which consists of biological, cognitive and socio-emotional dimensions,
Multidirectional:
Next aspect of life-span perspective is multidirectional that says throughout life there are some dimension or components that may expand or shrink throughout life. One of the best example that has been given for understanding this conception is language as it could be seen that language changes during the course of life, as one gets older the language may shrink or expand but in most cases language expands with age.
Plastic:
It is one of the most important terms that are being used in developmental psychology as it points towards the capacity of human change.
Multidisciplinary:
It is another characteristic of a life-span perspective. It is an area that psychologists, biologists, and neurologists are interested in as they wanted to study development stages that humans go through.
Contextual:
According to the contextual characteristic of life-span perspective, as the world changes the individuals also change. World mainly focus on three types of changes and these are:
Normative age-graded influences
Normative history-graded influences
Non-normative or maybe highly individualized events of life.
Section 2
Physical changes
Development is the process in which human passes through various stages and these developments include cognitive, emotional, intellectual and physiological changes and these changes function over the course of life-span starting from infancy to old age. Taking a look at own self I can see the changes in my own self as I have been through emotional, physical and cognitive changes. There is no doubt that human passes through these changes. I observed many changes in my body and like every growing child one day I ask my mother about my physical changes and then she told me that I was growing up that why my body structure was changed. I started getting hair on most of the body parts. One of the main prominent physical changes at the beginning of adolescent was development of breast.
Cognitive and socio-emotional changes
The time when I becoming conscious, I started realizing that they were occurring many physical changes and with the passage of time I came to know that these physical changes were actually the physical development that I was going through. From infancy till adolescent, I went through many prominent changes such as my height was increasing rapidly and it was because it was in my genetic as my parents are tall. I was growing up rapidly till middle. In the beginning, I was a little upset with my height that why it’s increasing at such speed. Not only my height was increasing but at the same time, I was able to see many other physical changes such as my voice changed as well as my physical features in size.
During the time when there were occurring visible changes in my appearance at the same time, I have to have many changes such as I was developing a sense for differentiating between trust and mistrust, shame along with knowing that what doubt is. When I was growing up, I started knowing more about feelings as well that when to do and what if things went wrong as I was having changes in my psychology as well. I felt that I was able to differentiate between guilt and initiative, as I started. I was started feeling shame for the things that I was unable to do. I started feeling for my behavior whether I was good or bad. After that stage, I also started having a sense of success and when I came to face bullies at that stage of life I came to know about inferiority and I also came to know about how it feels when there is the situation of success or failure. After that, as I was getting older I start to know about identity and came to know that people create confusion for us by showing many persons as they show various faces at different times. It was the stage where I came to know about the close groups that I had.
I was learning more and more about people how to deal with them. There was a time when I started learning that I have to be very careful when I had to choose people with whom I can share my personal experiences and stories. In that stage of life when I was growing up and was having many changes, I also learned that isolation and intimacy are the two things that go with humans for long terms. It was the stage when I learned that there are only a few people on whom you can trust. It was the phase of my life when I went through physical, cognitive and socio-emotional development. I became able to know how feeling develops and how behavior changes according to the situation. Cognitive development became obvious to me when I started learning how to deal with a certain situation and how to respond to various conditions. Though there were many changes in my life at that time and not only were I the one who notices that changes, at the same time all the close persons of my life. I experienced all developmental stages as I was growing up. I faced all these stages while I was growing up.
It was seen that during the cognitive changes I passed through various stages and after being passing through these stages it became clear to me that these stages depend on the age. In simple, it would say that in different phases of age I went through all the things and was really worried in the start but all my worries vanished with time and I came to know that all these changes socio-emotional and cognitive changes were becoming a part of my life experience that would help me in future. Firstly I came across with stage of learning trust and mistrust, then come to the stage where I learned how to see different between guilt and initiative, then came learning phase of knowledge between industry and confusion, then I found changes in my cognitive as I got to know how to differentiate between identity and confusion. Next, on the list, I found that I experienced another change as I got to know between isolation and intimacy, it was the stage of life that I experience after adolescent. There was a time when I came to know about generativity and stagnation as well. At present, I am going through the stage of life where integrity and despair. It won’t be wrong to say that all these stages of life that have been mentioned help in learning more about life and teach every individual how to deal with various situations.
There has been witnessed a difference that many of the scholars like Piaget believes is, it is the brain that is going to decide how environmental factor would be perceived and how they would cast impacts on development. Though I used to believe that stages are age-dependent but later I started realizing that it is the experience that determines how much mental development one would be having.
Section 3:
Yemisrach Tegegne, died on 15 Jan 2075 at home as she was fighting for long with kidney issues. She was born in Oklahoma on 25 Jan 1998. She was from a noble family. She was the youngest of all the siblings. She did her masters in Psychology and went to Australia for research. After doing her doctorate, she started practicing in various private hospitals. She was also interested in reading gothic novels and was fond of playing chess.
Since early childhood, she was interested in unusual things that look boring to other children. She was a great psychologist who used to help others. Especially, she was more interested in arranging the counseling sessions for the youngsters who used to attempt for suicide as according to her youngsters were the people who needed more help for coping the psychological issues. She worked as the counseling head in three hospitals during her life. She was a scholar and proposed many pieces of research in her field.
She was much interested in reading books and meeting people so that she would know more about the psyche of people. It was her old habit to meet people as it helps her in solving many of her cases that she used to deal in her psychological cases. She got married at the age of 27 with Charles Gain who was a famous lawyer. She was having a small family and had one son and one daughter. She was among most loved people. She was a kindhearted person who loved humanity and did also for serving people. One of her greatest work is, she opened a charity home for mentally changed people. Yemisrach’s funeral was arranged at St. Catherine after two days of her death as her daughter was out of the country. Her contributions are unforgettable and she would be remembered in good words.
References
King, J. D., Horton, S. E., Hughes, J. L., Eaddy, M., Kennard, B. D., Emslie, G. J., & Stewart, S. M. (2018). The interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide in adolescents: a preliminary report of changes following treatment. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 48(3), 294-304.
Krasnow, D., & Wilmerding, M. V. (2018). Motor learning and control for dance: Principles and practices for performers and teachers. Human Kinetics.
Moon, J. A. (2013). Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Routledge.
Schachter, E. P. (2018). Intergenerational, Unconscious, and Embodied: Three Underdeveloped Aspects of Erikson’s Theory of Identity. Identity, 18(4), 315-324.
Şentürk, C., & Zeybek, G. (2019). Overview of Learning From Past to Present and Self-Directed Learning. In Self-Directed Learning Strategies in Adult Educational Contexts (pp. 138-182). IGI Global.
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