Adolecent Psy, Assigment 1

Adolecent Psy, assigment 1

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Adolecent Psy, assigment 1

Introduction

Piaget theories of child development presents standardized rationale into decision making of children. He examined children’s attempt to problem solving, reaction to failure and success and resultantly stages of growth of cognition in children. Piaget noticed that children observe difficulty in problem solving prior to age seven and called it preoperational stage, where childrens face difficulty in conservation tasks to focus on more than one aspect of a structure ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"La3WLw8j","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bronfenbrenner, Morris, Lerner, & Damon, 2006)","plainCitation":"(Bronfenbrenner, Morris, Lerner, & Damon, 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":9,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/DqTTedP9/items/C6P75X3B"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/DqTTedP9/items/C6P75X3B"],"itemData":{"id":9,"type":"article-journal","title":"Theoretical models of human development: Vol. 1. Handbook of child psychology","author":[{"family":"Bronfenbrenner","given":"U."},{"family":"Morris","given":"P."},{"family":"Lerner","given":"R. M."},{"family":"Damon","given":"W."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bronfenbrenner, Morris, Lerner, & Damon, 2006). However, when the operational stage starts, childrens are able to think cognitively and make decicions.

Discussion

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development explains and comprehend each stage of child development where different growth steps takes place. Some of them are discussed below.

Differences between Concrete Operations versus Formal Operations

Concrete operations take plac from 7 to 11 years where the thought are logical but the decions are more concrete. The are base on sudden thoughts and not on rationale, childrens believe that their actions will produce the desired results. Formal operations starts at approximately the age of 11 years to adulthood where childrens are capable of making logical reasoning. They think hypothetically and develop reasoning for their thoughts ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3P3rYNmk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Piaget, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Piaget, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":11,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/DqTTedP9/items/C6TQ4EJS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/DqTTedP9/items/C6TQ4EJS"],"itemData":{"id":11,"type":"book","title":"The moral judgment of the child","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"1-136-31775-9","author":[{"family":"Piaget","given":"Jean"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Piaget, 2013). The thoughts tends to be more abstract and have the ability of making right deccions. The reasons are based on quantitative thinking which explains the probility of each decision taken by the child. However, in the formal operation, readiness is very important as the childrens are at time pressurized to make decicions that are outside of their capacity. The main difference is that in concrete operations the child is presented with some objects to think rationally, however, formal operations are not base on objects but abstracts and hypothetical thinking.

Differences between Metacognition versus Epistemic Cognition

Epistemic cognition refers to the thought processes of the individual which is dependent on ones knowledge and its validation. It is not developed at an individual but a societal level, where the parameters of subjects can be changed. Whereas, metacognition refers to the intelligence of young childrens. It is more likely based on ones’s awareness and understanding of certain circumstances, and to think thoroughly on their decisions ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"d5ZBLpiF","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Piaget, 2004)","plainCitation":"(Piaget, 2004)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":10,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/DqTTedP9/items/SHCUJL3Q"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/DqTTedP9/items/SHCUJL3Q"],"itemData":{"id":10,"type":"article-journal","title":"4. Piaget and Cognitive Development","author":[{"family":"Piaget","given":"Jean"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Piaget, 2004). The main difference between the two is Epistemic cognitions individuals are influenced to understand problems and come up with appropriate solutions, while in metacognition, the thought process is developed in childhood and is used throught life.

Conclusion

Piaget believe that all stages are important for child development, in concrete operations childrens learn and develop, where they directly interact with the natural environment to perform an ordinanry activity. He beleived that toddlers are little scientists who perform better and learn more easily through experimentation. However, formal operations are also necessary for logical decisions. Both the operations are necessary from early stage of infant as they are exposed to new opportunities and cognitive development takes place.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bronfenbrenner, U., Morris, P., Lerner, R. M., & Damon, W. (2006). Theoretical models of human development: Vol. 1. Handbook of child psychology.

Piaget, J. (2004). 4. Piaget and Cognitive Development.

Piaget, J. (2013). The moral judgment of the child. Routledge.