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Article Report
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Author Note
Article Report
Part 1
Which article did you read?
The article prepared for the purpose of this report was called the “Intuitive Ethics and Political Orientations: Testing Moral Foundations as a Theory of Political Ideology” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Nda7EMaK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Smith, Alford, Hibbing, Martin, & Hatemi, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Smith, Alford, Hibbing, Martin, & Hatemi, 2017)","dontUpdate":true,"noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"517SztTJ/jNCSL7NH","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/MJEW6ZBN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/MJEW6ZBN"],"itemData":{"id":1083,"type":"article-journal","title":"Intuitive ethics and political orientations: Testing moral foundations as a theory of political ideology","container-title":"American Journal of Political Science","page":"424-437","volume":"61","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Smith","given":"Kevin B."},{"family":"Alford","given":"John R."},{"family":"Hibbing","given":"John R."},{"family":"Martin","given":"Nicholas G."},{"family":"Hatemi","given":"Peter K."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} by Smith, Alford, Hibbing, Martin, & Hatemi (2017).
What was the central question the researchers were trying to answer?
The purpose of this paper was to establish the substantial variability in almost all individual-level moral foundations across a specific period of time and how these changes account for changes that take place within the political attitudes of a system. This was analyzed on the basis of the instinctual evaluations to solve social dilemmas on the basis of innate psychological modules.
How did the paper try to answer that question?
The paper used original surveys from Australian twins and their family members that were collected in two separate waves, which was then compared with U.S. replication samples. In the first wave, the participant response was collected from 586 participants with a successful 70% response rate between 2007 and 2009. 250 among the participants were twin pairs and 86 were singletons. The two waves were carried out 18 to 24 months apart, meaning that the second wave was held between 2009 and 2011. This wave included 402 two siblings from the original sample of siblings from the first wave, with 186 new sets of twins. It also includes 124 non-siblings from both waves, 365 fathers, and 583 mothers. The collection of data in two separate waves had the added benefit of carrying out a longitudinal study of both the political attitudes as well as political attitudes and moral foundations held by them. Furthermore, the existing variance between both the genetic and environmental components with moral foundations. This will help relay the information regarding the heritability of moral foundation. The data was then subjected to a wide variety of factor analyses on each of the waves to obtain comparable results where each of the hypothesis was tested separately in order to draw conclusive and well-rounded results.
What did they find?
The first hypothesis suggests that there is considerable variation between moral foundation scores as well as individuals in terms of test-retest correlation in terms of political ideology. However, according to the results obtained, moral foundations are exclusively nit stable among individuals over the designated period of time. With regard to how moral foundations can predict changes in political attitudes, the results show that there is really no influence on a moral foundation. Despite the low level of significance, the hypothesis has the potential for meaningful changes in the ideology. The third hypothesis discusses if moral foundations are heritable. According to the study, moral foundations are not heritable among family members, even among twins, on the basis of the results. This fact remained true throughout the testing of this hypothesis despite breaking it down into dimensions.
Part 2
The article does a fairly convincing job of how the moral foundation can be impacted in terms of political ideologies among the population. However, there are a number of issues with the way the problems in the ideas that are being discussed. The study design was brilliantly created, however, the way the design has been laid out and the conclusions that were drawn were not enough to draw conclusive results. Most of the results obtained were too insignificant to provide any real conclusions, which makes the article a little hard to believe. However, the present does present an excellent study design which could be added on and even replicated for other studies. This research article also played a key role in setting the foundation for the book by ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VLIh6UWT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lockyer, Hatemi, & Hopcroft, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Lockyer, Hatemi, & Hopcroft, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1010,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/XQ6CDLRK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/XQ6CDLRK"],"itemData":{"id":1010,"type":"book","title":"Genetics and politics: a review for the social scientist","publisher":"Oxford University Press","author":[{"family":"Lockyer","given":"Adam"},{"family":"Hatemi","given":"Peter K."},{"family":"Hopcroft","given":"R."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} Lockyer, Hatemi, & Hopcroft (2018) where the concept of genetics and its influence on political ideology is further explored.
References
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Lockyer, A., Hatemi, P. K., & Hopcroft, R. (2018). Genetics and politics: A review for the social scientist. Oxford University Press.
Smith, K. B., Alford, J. R., Hibbing, J. R., Martin, N. G., & Hatemi, P. K. (2017). Intuitive ethics and political orientations: Testing moral foundations as a theory of political ideology. American Journal of Political Science, 61(2), 424–437.
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