More Subjects
[Name of the Writer]
[Name of Instructor]
[Subject]
[Date]
Goodhart, Michael. 2016. Human Rights: Politics and Practice, 3rd edition, Oxford Press
Journal Entry 1
It is notable to mention that the concept of universalism is referred to as the most appropriate notion to apply the concept of human rights to each individual. Critical evaluation of universalism explains that human rights are universal and every individual has basic human rights. It is important to consider the fact that universalism focus on the concept of equality in each matter. However, theorists believe that there is no adequate way to apply the concept of universalism in the entire world. A critical examination of various theorists determines that modern society is completely focused on the concept of cultural relativism. Cultural relativists often argue that human rights are completely dependent on cultural. Each individual is experiencing different human rights paradigm based on his/her culture. Cultural relativists argue that there is no moral principle that can be applied to every culture in the universe. With the advent of cultural relativists, the universality of human rights is objected at both historical and theoretical level. The concept of cultural relativism emphasizes that moral and ethical values are associated with the cultural milieu. It is noteworthy to mention that cultural relativists are heavily focused on historical perspectives. The concept of cultural relativism argues that human rights are one of the most significant tools that are completely based on western imperialism. The argumentation presented by cultural relativists is largely valid in the scenario of western imperialism. It explains that human rights in western nations are more significant and effective as compared to the value of human rights in other nations of the world. Therefore, it is safe to say that the concept of human rights is somehow dependent on cultural perspectives of an individual. For instance, the concept of feminism had gain power and support in western nations, which ultimately justifies the concept of cultural relativism as a cultural perspective.
Journal Entry 2
It is essential to evaluate the concept of comparative politics as it successfully describes various practices of human rights. It is notable to mention that the idea of comparative politics is based on the cross-cultural comparison in order to provide a better understanding of the promotion and protection of human rights. By utilizing the concept of comparative, one can easily determine the efforts of various individual nation-states to address human rights. A critical evaluation of various sources of human rights violations is highly necessary to get a better knowledge of the specific issue. It is argued that domestic incentives and exclusionary ideologies have the potential to violate human rights. These ideologies can significantly increase the likelihood of human rights violation, which can be catastrophic. In response to this, comparative politics provide a better framework to protect human rights’ violation. The reform efforts can be significantly impacted by enhancing domestic structures such as state institutions and various social group. It is important to consider the fact that human rights measure is one of the most effective strategies that can compel organizations to take critical actions in order to protect human rights. Utilization of human rights measures persuades the international community to enforce the human rights of each individual. For instance, the Center of Economic and Social Rights is working on the concept of human rights measure to compare the efforts of states towards social and economic rights. Human rights protection and implementation can only be possible if suitable human rights measures are applied in order to establish a clear check and balance on various organizational bodies. The risk management processes of business organizations need to be incorporated with human rights due diligence to assess the condition of human rights in their potential investment countries.
Journal Entry 3
Human right protection is highly necessary for individuals as it satisfies their basic needs. Through proper implementation of human rights, individuals can fully enjoy every opportunity in an effective manner. Protection of human rights is of utmost importance in the context of international relations. The interests of countries are connected to the human dignity of their citizens in another country. Therefore, the protection of human rights in the international context is based on basic entitlements and fundamental freedom. While making treaties with other nations, states usually ensure that human rights are secured and protected within their jurisdiction. Monitoring human rights protection is highly considerate in the modern world. Due to this particular purpose, various monitoring bodies are put in place by the Human Rights Council to enforce these treaties. It is important to mention the fact that criminal justice poses a critical challenge in terms of human rights' protection and violation. It is the core responsibility of the criminal justice department to hold an organization or person accountable if he/she violates human rights. Certain obligations are put in place by the international human rights law that bound states to respect these obligations. In order to successfully ensure the implication of international human rights law, countries should need to eliminate human rights abuses. The effective implication of basic human rights needs positive action and support of different countries to fulfill this obligation. In case of conflict or emergency, international human rights laws are always effectively working to sets out the basic protection of every person. International human rights law can only be applied in an effective manner if countries respect this obligation.
Journal Entry 4
It is important to mention that everyone has the right to freedom of religion, ethics, and thoughts. Human rights ensure that every individual is entitled to change his belief and religion. A critical evaluation of religion and human rights determines a complex and inextricable association between them. Modern human rights are formulated from various religions and their practices. It is important to consider the fact that different religions in the world have different beliefs and perspective towards everything. Over the course of centuries, every religion has contributed to the modern struggle for universal human rights. The perspective of violence, prejudice, and repression of different religions make it possible to formulate universal human rights. Religion and human rights present diverse normative systems due to their rich and connected histories. Religious freedom is the right to believe of an individual and it is a fundamental human right. Countries are entitled to practice religious freedom as it is the basic element of human rights. It is notable to mention that religious freedom encourages respect, tolerance, and peace. Due to this particular reason, the international human rights law compels all organizations and countries to emphasize the role of religion as a part of human rights. For instance, the case of Shayara Bano is a significant case that demonstrates controversial maintenance lawsuits in India. The considered case was based on human rights and religious perspective. In this considered case, it is illustrated that Muslim men were given the upper hand to divorce a woman whenever they want. This case was based on the concept of gender justice as a part of human rights. This case helped to maintain gender equality in India by promoting women’s right. The concept of triple talaq was considered unconstitutional in India, which helped women to achieve equality in terms of gender.
Journal Entry 5
Children rights are set in place by various government bodies to protect children in every regard. Children rights are considered as human rights of children that includes adequate protection of children and the right to health. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of children rights in different regions of the world to determine specific strategies to protect them from abuse and harm. Children rights include adequate living standards, the right to health, right to education, and right to freedom. In the majority of the regions, child labor is prohibited in accordance with the children rights. It is important to consider the fact that children are an essential asset of the human race, so it is highly necessary to protect their rights. The development and age-appropriate needs of children come under children's rights. It is necessary to protect children from every harm and abuse. It is notable to consider that the right to survival and development is an essential perspective in terms of children’s right. The access of children to basic resources is highly necessary in order to comply with international children rights. It is also necessary for all nations to give significant importance to the voice of children. Children have the basic right to raise voice in favor or against any perspective. It is the core responsibility of individuals to respect the views of children. Furthermore, the voice of children should be respected and heard as it comes in the category of their rights. One must need to understand the fact that children need assistance and protection from adults as they are unable to protect their interests and rights. Rights of children also include access to quality education, equal opportunities, and a loving and nurturing environment. Access to adequate health care services and guidance from a caring adult also come in the children’s right.
Journal Entry 6
Global civil society is referred to as the concept of a vast assemblage of people who are working across the borders and are out of the reach of any government. It is important to mention that the concept of global civil society is emerging in the modern world. However, proper implementation of this concept as compared to the older state system is not clear. In this chapter, the relationship between the global rule-bound society and global civil society is examined in depth. It is important to consider the fact that the concept of global civil society is to determine the collective efforts of various members towards certain reforms. Global civil society constitutes of citizen's, non-profit organizations, non-governmental organizations, and associations in order to develop an effective relationship to applied various reforms in different fields. It is notable to mention that global civil society encourages different organizational bodies to engage in economic, political, and social reforms on the international and national level. The major reason behind this engagement is to advance societal interests on every level. On the other hand, the concept of global rule-bound society is referred to as the incorporation and involvement of governmental bodies to set certain rules and regulations for citizens and organizations. The rule of law compels citizens and government officials to comply with the regulations that are being placed. In terms of human rights, the global rule-bound society applies the law equally to everyone. Political democracy is one of the best examples of protection human rights. In the United States, one can examine political democracy as every race is free in terms of politics and civic life as well as the protection of human rights. State repression, on the other hand, includes surveillance, bans, and arrests. The relationship between these two factors should be considered in a positive way as it certainly ensures the protection of human rights.
Journal Entry 7
It is important to consider the fact that politics play a significant role in developing a sufficient relationship between human rights and development. A critical evaluation of the properties of politics determines that human rights are made to focus on the development processes of the entire world. It is noteworthy to consider the fact that politics plays a significant role in providing better development opportunities for poor countries. Human rights are considered as ethical norms that contribute to social learning, social ethics, and public reasoning. It is one of the most effective ideas to enhance human learning and their development by keeping in mind their basic rights. It illustrates the idea that human dignity is dependent on all key elements of human rights such as the right to freedom. Human rights provide a better understanding to address the needs of communities regarding development. The right to development is a fundamental aspect of the modern world that allows many poor countries to grow in the community. It also provides these communities with the opportunity to utilize the ideology of human rights in accordance with the right to development. Furthermore, it is important to mention the fact that economic globalization is protecting human rights at a significant level. The utilization of economic globalization enables the realization of human rights as every individual is entitled to avail the economic opportunity. Economic globalization enables a person or organization to spread in goods, technology, and information, or capital services to ensure financial stability. Now, with the help of economic globalization, individuals and organizations are getting the opportunity to improve their economic output through more efficient processes. It is one of the most significant aspects of human rights to improve the living standards of individuals. Economic globalization provides with an opportunity to improve living standards of individuals in order to achieve better income, lifespan, and improved healthcare services.
Journal Entry 8
The use of torture was one of the most tragic parts of US history. It is notable to mention that whites considered themselves more superior to any other nation or race in the world. During the entire history of African slaves, the use of torture was dominant. African Americans were considered slaves and they were discriminated, oppressed, and tortured on every little mistake. The use of torture is highly unethical and cruel act towards human rights. Human rights provide each individual with the right to freedom and conscience. However, the war on terror is still using different tools to torture individuals in order to get important and valuable information from a suspected person. Utilization of torture on human is highly unacceptable in the community as it completely violates basic human rights. Humans are entitled to contain their opinion and perspectives. Secret military agencies are using violence and torture to get information from suspected persons. Moreover, terrorists are also violating basic human rights through their violent acts. Another significant factor that completely violates human rights is genocide. It is the deliberate killing of a major portion of the population on the basis of ethnicity. the violation of human rights can be observed in the modern world as many ethnic groups are engaged in genocides. Racial killing and genocide should need to be effectively prevented by establishing various policies. The Genocide Convention was adopted by the United Nations to never practice genocide after the atrocities done in Japan during the second world war. The definition presented in the genocide convention is utilized on both national and international level to prevent it from happening.
Journal Entry 9
The provision of sustainable environment comes in the categories of human rights. It is important to consider the fact that humans have the basic right to enjoy a healthy environment. Provision of a sustainable environment in terms of human rights include the right to health, life, sanitation, and water. It is the core responsibility of countries to provide its citizen with a safe and healthy environment. Sex trafficking is highly unethical and is a clear violation of human rights. Sex trafficking includes sexual slavery and the sexual exploitation of an individual. The negotiations of Palermo Protocol in Vienna, Austria were extremely contentious. However, it is important to consider the fact that these negotiations provide the first-ever comprehensive definition of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a criminal activity as it is done against a human's will. Moreover, human trafficking clearly violates human rights up to a significant level which illustrates that it should be prevented at any cost. Criminals are engaged in such activities throughout the course of history in order to obtain money in exchange for human, especially females. On the other hand, forced migration is also a clear violation of human rights. The basic human rights provide an individual with the opportunity to live and stay at any place he/she wants. However, many countries are violating that human right by forcing individuals to migrate from their country. The example of Rohingya Muslims clearly demonstrates the cruelty of a government to force individuals to migrate from their country. It is important to mention that Rohingya Muslims had suffered a lot of trouble due to the shortage of water, food, and shelter. Forced migration should be completely banned as it is clearly against the golden principles of human rights. It is the responsibility of world powers to monitor the violations of human rights through proper check and balance in order to ensure its protection.
More Subjects
Join our mailing list
© All Rights Reserved 2024