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Ethical Justification of Torture
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The UN Convention Against Torture 1984, defines torture as the act of inflicting severe pain and suffering to a person with the intent of obtaining information, serving punishment, coercion or discrimination of any form, to either the subject or a third party member, under the consent of a public official or a person acting under official capacity. Given that inflicting pain on a person is an erosion of fundamental human rights, debate to discredit or support the necessity for torture has a significant place in society, weighing the options between obtaining necessary information and undermining ones civil liberties. During the era of terrorist attacks in the United States and Europe, military state officials are often accused of employing excessive force during interrogation, sparking outrage among activists against the mistreatment of prisoners.
The ethical justification of torture raises two arguments in support and opposition of the practice, where the consequentialist argument states that protecting the rights of one person does not outweigh the protection of thousands of innocent civilians, given that the prisoners may have the information to save the lives. However, the information given is sometimes wrong, and it overall undermines the war against terrorism as well as serve as a basis for recruitment into terrorism. With the deontological argument, supporters argue that the governments have the moral obligation to protect their citizens from terror attacks, thus justifying torture to obtain useful information. At the same time, in many instances, torture does not successfully retrieve information and only ends up harming unarmed people, thus undermining the non-combatant immunity rule where an unarmed person should be protected.
Therefore, the important question is where to draw the line when to apply pain to do good, in order to justify torture as ethical. Given the fundamentality of protecting human life, evidence of severe torture in sites such as Guantanamo Bay by CIA officials and Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq prompts the need to rethink how applicable torture is in the war against terrorism.
Bibliography
BELLAMY, ALEX J. 2006. No Pain, No Gain Torture and Ethics in the War on Terror. International Affairs 82 (1) 12148. doi10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.
Einolf, Christopher. 2016. The Ethics and Politics of Torture. Public Administration Review 76 (2) 35457. doi10.1111/puar.12516.
Alex Bellamy, No Pain, No Gain Torture and Ethics in the War on Terror (International Affairs 82 (1)), 127.
Christopher Einolf, The Ethics, and Politics of Torture (Public Administration Review 76 (2), 355.
Einolf, 355
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