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Ethical Moral
[Name of the Writer]
[Name of the Institution]
Applying “Utilitarianism” in Q.1
Taking into consideration the given situation in which America has been gathering the information about Russian via the communication system. This communicative system, as well as the information obtained, are helpful for knowing what Russia is planning and what it would be doing in the coming months. America got information about what the Russian leadership was planning and what are its intentions against various countries especially against Syria. From the communication America got information that Russia is transporting weapons to the Assad regime that would be used against anti-regime members who live in the town of Zafarana. America got information that the Assad regime (a force that is supported by the Syrian military) would attack in 24 hours and it would result in the death of hundreds of civilians who are innocent. In this situation, America got stuck in a difficult situation where it had to decide whether it should be saving people or whether it should not disclose the fact that it has cracked the highly classified communication systems of Russia.
America is being left with two choices, one it could call up an emergency meeting of special UN Security Council that would also reveal the secret that America has broken Russia’s communication code. America can also let Russia attack the anti-regime members. America knows that if the Russians come to know about the breaking of its communication system, it would not use that communication system.
By considering the given situation, it could be asserted in this scenario America should choose Utilitarian ethical framework. Utilitarianism is the ethical framework that emphasize on great good. Utilitarianism demands that despite any negative effects, when it comes to choose an ethical framework, one must choose utilitarianism as it works best in the favor of the greater good. Utilitarian ethical framework claims that one must determine right from wrong by keeping an eye on the outcomes. It teaches that one has to choose an option that would produce greater good for maximum number of people. This framework helps in promoting those actions that would be beneficial for the majority of the population.
Utilitarianism teaches, one must take all actions by keeping the outcomes in mind. If the outcome has a negative impact on the greater number of people, the action should be taken for saving people. In the given scenario, it could be asserted that American, already knowing that hundreds of people would be killed if a meeting of Security Council is not called, should have done what it had to in order to prevent the Syrian regime’s misadventures. It could be assumed that if Russia would come to know that America has broken its communication code, it would surely not continue to use it. America must not consider its own benefit. It must not think about the communication code, rather America, by taking into account the long term benifits, should immediately inform the UN Security Council so that lives of hundreds of Syrian civilians could be saved.
Applying “The Justice Approach” to Q.2
Considering the given situation, it has been seen that Maoist terrorist group Sendero Luminoso has long been a threat for the Peruvians. Not only Peruvians but also other Americans were threatened by this group. This group was involved in the murdered of many businessmen and diplomats. Even this group was involved in the killing of eight Americans who were killed in Embassy, in Lima. CIA has secretly started training Peruvian National Police and military for spoting and killing the members of this terrorist group. Police is not allowed to arrest them. It is a fact that high profile criminals and terrorists cannot be brought for trails as such cases involves danger, so police and military are being trained to spot and shot Maoist terrorist group Sendero Luminoso. In this scenario, Justice Approach could be used for justifying the situation that has been created.
Yes, CIA’s equipping and this training of killing the terrorists would be morally accepted as it has been seen that an ethical theory called Justice Approach. This ethical approach claims that equal should be treated equally and the unequal should be treated unequally. Though it is morally not right to kill people but when people are openly massacring others then they also deserve to be killed. Human rights are not as such compromised in the given scenario because what they are doing is ethical wrong so doing wrong with the wrongdoers would not really raise any questions against the agencies like CIA. Police and military counterterrorism know doing the things that they could not justify morally, but as they are just treating the equals with equals, it would not affect them morally. CIA is doing what they think is morally right as they are not been given any other chance other than killing those dangerous terrorists. CIA is using unfair means for providing intelligence and killing the Maoist terrorist group as arresting and bringing them to legal trails who put lives of many in danger. Judiciary members could be corrupt as well so this may make the situations worst, so as a whole it could be concluded that rather than brining high profile terrorists for trial agencies prefer to spot and shot them on spot.
End Notes
Scarre, Geoffrey. "Utilitarianism and evil." In The History of Evil in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, pp. 130-147. Routledge, 2018.
Novoa, AJ Jurado. "Ethical aspects of overdiagnosis: Between the utilitarianism and the ethics of responsibility." Atencion primaria 50 (2018): 13-19.
Guishard, Monique Antoinette, Alexis Halkovic, Anne Galletta, and Peiwei Li. "Toward epistemological ethics: Centering communities and social justice in qualitative research." In Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 24. DEU, 2018.
Vakil, Sepehr. "Ethics, identity, and political vision: Toward a justice-centered approach to equity in computer science education." Harvard Educational Review 88, no. 1 (2018): 26-52.
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