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PHIL 101
20 questions Please follow the instruction.
Part One. Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. 5 points for each correct answer. On your exam paper, list your answers like this:
1. A 2. B 3. C [no, these aren’t the real answers!] 4. … etc., to the end
1. Socrates rejects Thrasymachus’s definition of justice because:
a. It is never just to divide the city into one’s friends, and one’s enemies.
b. It cannot be just to give what is owed to someone if it is not good for that person.
c. It cannot be just to let the strongest rule for their own benefit.
d. None of the above.
2. In the ideal city of Socrates, the young people assigned to the military are:
a. looking for a good career.
b. seeking the glory and honor that soldiers get.
c. eager to fight against the hated enemy.
d. showing strong signs of courage and loyalty.
3. According to Socrates, which type of justice should be the goal of a country’s leaders?
a. procedural justice.
b. social justice.
c. retributive justice.
d. natural justice.
4). In the Republic, the point of the tale about the Ring of Gyges is that:
a. someone who suddenly possesses great power will probably do unjust and immoral deeds.
b. someone who takes rings from buried treasure will probably end up in legends.
c. anyone would want the power to become invisible.
d. none of the above.
5. In the ideal city of Socrates, women are assigned to:
a. whatever class that their souls fit best, just as men are assigned.
b. the class that tradition tells them to belong to.
c. the class that popular opinion thinks they belong to.
d. none of the above.
6. Socrates says that philosophy should control religion because:
a. all religions are only false myths.
b. the people don’t really need religion – they need law.
c. the guardians have no use for religion.
d. religion should teach myths that are beneficial for everyone.
7. According to Socrates, the guardians must all be good philosophers because:
a. philosophers deserve to have important jobs.
b. guardians can live boring academic lives just reading and writing books
c. both philosophers and guardians must know what justice is, and both make society more just
d. none of the above
8. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, the sun corresponds to which feature of the Divided Line: a. the intellect b. images c. the physical world d. the highest Good
9. According to Plato, which government always follows when a democracy collapses?
a. timocracy
b. aristocracy
c. democracy
d. tyranny
10. According to Socrates, a democracy always develops this feature:
a. factions arise that hate each other and hate the government too.
b. demogogues try to persuade the people to give them total power.
c. everyone complains that there are too many laws restricting their liberty.
d. all of the above
11. According to Socrates, a demagogue is someone who:
a. encourages the people to hate and fear their government.
b. tells the people to blame another group of people (minorities, or foreigners) for their problems.
c. tries to convince the people to put him or her into a position of supreme power. d. all of the above.
12. According to Socrates, religions cannot know what morality truly is because:
a. traditions are not consistent about what a god expects from us.
b. churches are led by immoral priests and ministers.
c. religious people can’t be experts about theological ethics.
d. none of the above.
13. According to Descartes, the evil demon cannot do this:
a. make me think that 2 + 2 = 5
b. make me think that the world does not exist
c. convince me that I don’t have a body
d. none of the above
14. According to Descartes, doubting is:
a. a kind of sickness.
b. a kind of thinking.
c. a kind of virtue.
d. none of the above
15. According to Descartes, a person can truly know something only if:
a. this person sincerely believes it.
b. this person has never doubted it before.
c. there is no possible way for this person to be mistaken about it. d. none of the above.
Part Two. Instructions: Provide short answers to these questions. 25 points maximum are awarded for each answer. Use at least 8 sentences for each of your answers, but no more than 12 sentences.
16. According to Socrates, what are the three main virtues that are in everyone’s soul, and why does each person need to have all three of them to be a good person?
Socrates talks about the three virtues which are present in everyone's soul, and these traits are identified as moderation, namely courage, and wisdom. He argues that all three virtues in a person allow them with certain qualities which makes them just and rational. He contrasts the just city with these three virtues such as wisdom allowing knowledge, courage resisting fear, and moderation allowing non-ambiguity or self-discipline amongst choice. He believes that these three virtues are what shapes a perfect or unbiased human being. He says that these three aspects are in the soul of every person who allows them to proceed with natural functions in life.
17. Describe how Socrates justifies his view that people may not be moral just by always obeying God.
He uses his reference from the just city to analyze and argue on the significance that humans may not always be moral while being utterly obedient to God. He states that the man must obey whatever the city tells him unless it's an unlawful or injustice commitment. It involves the man going to his death even if God commands it which he deems may not be right. He reflects on his own decision where he promptly refused to have obeyed the city also it means leaving the very pursuit of philosophy. He refers to have defended the civil obedience by justifying on the moral views concerning obedience to God.
18. How does Socrates argue that being philosophical, by knowing the Forms and the Virtues, is a way to ensure that you are immortal? 19. How does Descartes explain why you might not really know that you aren’t asleep and dreaming right now? 20. How does Descartes prove that you can know that you are at least a thinking mind?
Socrates talks about immortality through arguing about destroying evil from body and mind as these traits often resist a human from ensuring immortality. He also says that removing injustice would also make a person immortal. Similarly, Descartes says that a human cannot distinguish between being awake or dreaming as it contradicts the belief of a person. He proves his theory by reflecting on the occurrence of no pain in the state of sleep. He also states that a person while in such state of dreaming finds it hard to wake up.
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