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Marxism
Introduction:
Marxism is a social and economic system based on the economic theories of Friedrich Engels. It is summed up by as a theory which focuses on the class system in order to analyze the social system of a society. The theory mainly focuses on Western theory. It is the opposite of Capitalism which supports class system. In Marxism, the mean of production is dominated by public ownership. The distribution and exchange in a marker are all controlled by the public not by a private individual. Marxism is more influenced by the scientific theories of socialism ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qBGDcIso","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Storey)","plainCitation":"(Storey)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":358,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LY9XXHSK/items/C6PVMPJZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LY9XXHSK/items/C6PVMPJZ"],"itemData":{"id":358,"type":"book","title":"Cultural theory and popular culture: An introduction","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"1-351-85141-1","author":[{"family":"Storey","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Storey). Socialist says the unjust social distribution of private property starts before the French revolution. The revolutionary leaders like Francois Noel Babeuf (1764-1797) started writing about the equal distribution of wealth by the stats. He said that happiness in a society depends on equality and the aim of a society to make everyone happy (Social and Political Philosophy).
Marxism explains the fact that whey the principles of Socialism need to be applied for the economic and social upbringing of society. As Socialism opposed the idea that people could be free to accumulate property for themselves. Marxism is more oriented towards the ideology of Socialism and Marx argue that human is not only socially groomed by are economically shaped as well. Both Marxism and socialism focused on the main issue that resources should be distributed based on needs so that society could not have a class system.
The Social and Political thoughts of Marx:
Marx focused on the form of product in society. There are two basic types of productions. Type one is the productive forces that are the tools used in the production process, as human labor, buildings and infrastructure. The second type is the social and technical relation to productions. Marx argues that social and political theories should be made by keeping those types in mind. He means that the power of controlling the production could affect the productive forces ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RSn2p0W5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Garcia)","plainCitation":"(Garcia)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":360,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LY9XXHSK/items/4K7DJNKZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LY9XXHSK/items/4K7DJNKZ"],"itemData":{"id":360,"type":"article","title":"Marxism","author":[{"family":"Garcia","given":"Francelina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,29]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Garcia). Many political philosophers say that Marx has no political thoughts. Like Alvin Gouldner said, “the absence of a fully explicit political theory should be treated a “lapse” in
Marx’s own thinking and a “trouble difficulty” for later Marxist ( ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"U8OCUTum","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ashcraft)","plainCitation":"(Ashcraft)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":361,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LY9XXHSK/items/7AAA5XLB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/LY9XXHSK/items/7AAA5XLB"],"itemData":{"id":361,"type":"article-journal","title":"Marx and Political Theory","container-title":"Comparative Studies in Society and History","page":"637-671","volume":"26","issue":"4","source":"JSTOR","archive":"JSTOR","ISSN":"0010-4175","author":[{"family":"Ashcraft","given":"Richard"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1984"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} Ashcraft,p.637). The critiques say that he had no political thought because according to Marx political theorizing is a social activity that could be designed based on the social conditions. For that, he brought together the element of popular socialists. Hethen introduced Communism which says that the only practical thing was to obtain a good grip over the governing laws of the society. He also worked on a scientific theory for a society that was based on the experience of men. He believed in the essential goodness of the society and his social thought was discouraging social class. He wants to achieve a classless society through his economic theories (Storey).
Marx social, political and economic principles were the modified version of old principles of German, English and French philosophers. He brought greater changes in the class-based society of England in its nineties. He used classical English models to fight against the industrialized society of England. He wrote various books, magazine related to Philosophy, Economy and society. He took the dialectical methods of Hegel and included materialist thoughts into it. He viewed capitalism as the producers of a germ and he explained it in his theories of surplus value. Apart from the social, economic and political theories, Marx had structured a whole community of communist and that is his great achievement (Storey).
Conclusion:
Karl Marx is no doubt a great philosopher of modern time. His ideas have built up the status of a powerful and influential philosophy. His idea regarding the Dialectical Materialism, class struggle and surplus values altered the domain economic and political philosophies of Capitalism. But philosopher opposed Marxism on the basis of it being very radical. Marx tried his best to have a classless society and it is still the dream of the majority of people around the globe.
Works Cited
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Ashcraft, Richard. “Marx and Political Theory.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 26, no. 4, 1984, pp. 637–71. JSTOR.
Garcia, Francelina. Marxism. 29 Apr. 2019.
Storey, John. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction. Routledge, 2018.
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