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Usefulness of moral Theories- Do we need morality ?
Do we need morality ? This question has long been debated by evolutionary biologists and theologians alike. Presumably, the more complex human societies became, the more urgently needed a set of values and conventions for these communities to function. It was important for individuals to pull together without direct monitoring, to renounce others and to contribute to the well-being of the group - which indirectly also increases the success of the individual.
Morality can only exist if the world is such that the question of why a certain moral norm should really be valid can be answered in principle. The foundations of morality date back to the era of the tribal social system (Fabian & Fordyce, 1990). This period is characterized by the power of nature, sensory experience, the peculiarity of conceptual thinking and the understanding of reality in a fantastic way. There are various types of magic, totemic, fetishism, a system of prohibitions, certain rites, rituals, mythology
Kant, it is freedom and equality that are the defining signs of the categorical imperative: “Do so that you always relate to a person both in your person and in the face of any other, as well as to your goal, and you would never relate to it only as a means. C. Marx and F. Engels very accurately and colorfully described capitalism: “The bourgeoisie, wherever it gained dominance, destroyed all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations. Ruthlessly, she broke the motley feudal bonds that bound man to his “natural masters” and left no other connection between people except for sheer interest, a heartless “pure-minded” (Warnock, 1993).
Compliance with moral rules promotes one's own reputation. Similar arguments are used to explain the emergence of religion : today, there is a consensus that morality is older and that ethical principles were later poured into stories about helping or angry gods who critically eyeball our actions.
References
Fabian, B., & Fordyce, D. (1990). The elements of moral philosophy. Georg Olms Verlag.
Warnock, G. (1993). The object of morality. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 2(3),
255-258.
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