More Subjects
Your Name
Instructor Name
Course Number
Date
Title: Subtitle
The purpose of this paper is to reflect on two days of being epistemically temperate in order both to assess successes and failures in relation to ideas and concepts from Heather Battaly’s article, “Epistemic Self-Indulgence.” This paper will also explain how Virtue Epistemology, in general, may provide a promising route of turning belief into knowledge. To accomplish this goal, this paper will be proceeding in three steps. In the beginning, this paper will describe the epistemic objects that were being pursued during two days of course of attempting to be Epistemically Temperate, including end-states and activities, as well as examples of partaking in epistemic treats. Secondly, this paper will assess the attempts at being Epistemically Temperate by evaluating the end-states and activities (and treats) in relation to Battaly’s categories of being EI, epistemically tempered, or desires (ESI). Finally, Virtue Epistemology will be explained, in general, may provide a promising way of turning belief into knowledge, thereby avoiding the specter of skepticism.
It is important to reflect initially on being epistemically tempered (ET). An ET person is the one dreams, desires about having a number of luxuries, and consumes epistemic objects. The epistemic objects that are consumed may be appropriate and inappropriate. Some of these epistemic objects may help to improve individuals, or sometimes these may lead individuals to make biased decisions. Sometimes an individual may become prejudiced because of these epistemic objects.
Epistemic objects
Epistemic objects are considered those objects that are the sources of motivation and interest individuals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kJygXaN3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Battaly 226)","plainCitation":"(Battaly 226)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1460,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8F2MVMJW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8F2MVMJW"],"itemData":{"id":1460,"type":"article-journal","title":"Epistemic Self‐Indulgence","container-title":"Metaphilosophy","page":"214-234","volume":"41","issue":"1‐2","URL":"https://sci-hub.tw/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9973.2009.01619.x","author":[{"family":"Battaly","given":"Heather"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}},"locator":"226"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Battaly 226). These are often termed as knowledge objects, and mostly these are open-ended. One may not be able to capture the definite meaning and properties because these keep emerging and evolving with the time of their use. The level of knowledge and learning processes increases with the use of these epistemic objects, which attracts and motivates human beings.
End-States
According to my belief, end states are those actions and activities of individuals that lead to a conclusion, while these end-states are based on a belief system. Human actions are driven by the belief systems that help them to learn and gain knowledge with the help of epistemic objects. Individuals are subjected to those situations knowingly or unknowingly where they learn to keep the flow of the time and objectives that are driven by the epidemic objects. In any of human activities, it is important to be indulged; for example, an individual believes that learning is always a learning process, and it never stops.
According to epistemology, true-beliefs are those that refer to the individualistic actions and their personal attitudes. True-beliefs are one of the sources that encourage individuals to strive for knowledge. These are important to ensure the existence of something and to believe that an individual is seeking for truth. Based on knowledge, it may be a wrong belief that one can gain complete knowledge although it is not true. Evidentialism suggests that it is important to have true-beliefs because they will help to show evidence about something that you believe in ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Llbm99CK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Feldman and Conee 96)","plainCitation":"(Feldman and Conee 96)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1454,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/9FWV6U3W"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/9FWV6U3W"],"itemData":{"id":1454,"type":"article-journal","title":"Some Virtues of Evidentialism","container-title":"Veritas","volume":"50","source":"ResearchGate","abstract":"O evidencialismo é, primordialmente, uma tese sobre a justificação epistêmica e, secundariamente, uma tese sobre o conhecimento. Sustenta que a justificação epistêmica é superveniente da evidência. As versões do evidencialismo diferem quanto ao que conta como evidência, quanto ao que seja possuir algo como evidência e quanto ao que um dado corpo de evidência apóia. A tese secundária é a de que o apoio evidencial é necessário ao conhecimento. O evidencialismo ajuda a formular as questões epistemológicas de uma forma que é ótima para que se perceba o núcleo dos problemas. Oferece soluções, sem mascarar as dificuldades. Nós fornecemos ilustrações disso através da consideração dos problemas da justificação a priori e do ceticismo. O evidencialismo também oferece a base para que se compreenda uma grande variedade de fatos e conceitos epistemológicos. Nós fornecemos ilustração disso, mostrando que o evidencialismo pode explicar como a justificação pode ser anulada, como as atitudes distintas da crença podem ser objeto de avaliação e como a própria prática da filosofia é epistemicamente valiosa.","DOI":"10.15448/1984-6746.2005.4.1817","journalAbbreviation":"Veritas","author":[{"family":"Feldman","given":"Richard"},{"family":"Conee","given":"Earl"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006",11,16]]}},"locator":"96","label":"page"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Feldman and Conee 96). The knowledge that individuals gain should help them to provide evidence about their true-believer systems.
Epistemologically it varies whether true-belief systems are helpful or harmful. For example, irrationality in terms of religion: if one denies the religion, it may hurt the sentiments and testimonies, while the one who fails to provide evidence gets hurt ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"XYq42Erj","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bortolotti and Sullivan 1)","plainCitation":"(Bortolotti and Sullivan 1)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1457,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/BYTZYWAC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/BYTZYWAC"],"itemData":{"id":1457,"type":"book","title":"How can false or irrational beliefs be useful?","publisher":"Routledge","ISBN":"1386-9795","author":[{"family":"Bortolotti","given":"Lisa"},{"family":"Sullivan","given":"Bissett Ema"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}},"locator":"1","label":"page"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bortolotti and Sullivan 1). Such individuals fail because they are unable to provide enough evidence about their true-belief systems. Epistemic objects that are not healthy to individuals and their souls, while Aristotle believed that the desires, insensibilities, and self-indulgence is not helpful ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"AiU7PlKl","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Battaly 224)","plainCitation":"(Battaly 224)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1460,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8F2MVMJW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8F2MVMJW"],"itemData":{"id":1460,"type":"article-journal","title":"Epistemic Self‐Indulgence","container-title":"Metaphilosophy","page":"214-234","volume":"41","issue":"1‐2","URL":"https://sci-hub.tw/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9973.2009.01619.x","author":[{"family":"Battaly","given":"Heather"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}},"locator":"224"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Battaly 224). He believed that these are not helpful if these objects are meant to please human bodies. In contrast, of what Aristotle stated, I believe that humans have natural desires that are both for soul and body needs. These needs must be fulfilled according to the requirements and desires. The epistemic objects that lead individuals to desire, consume, and enjoy treats are considered sensible ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"0RWdSAg5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Battaly 222)","plainCitation":"(Battaly 222)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1460,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8F2MVMJW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8F2MVMJW"],"itemData":{"id":1460,"type":"article-journal","title":"Epistemic Self‐Indulgence","container-title":"Metaphilosophy","page":"214-234","volume":"41","issue":"1‐2","URL":"https://sci-hub.tw/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9973.2009.01619.x","author":[{"family":"Battaly","given":"Heather"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}},"locator":"222","label":"page"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Battaly 222). People enjoying all the treats are to be considered as those enjoy and value all the pleasures their life. These pleasures may lead to gain knowledge, to learn, and to desire for more learning these pleasures may include gaining knowledge, to learn something, and to desire.
Activities
Individuals may have desires and they may enjoy those desires, while these keep them engaged in epistemic activities. These activities include intellectual virtues, rational thinking, increase attentiveness of individuals those who are sensible and value the desires. I believe that true epistemic objects lead individuals to a better understanding of things and in making of conclusions that are based on merit, wisdom, creativity, and knowledge. The two days of epistemically temperate activity has helped to be more open towards creating an understanding of things attentively. These activities have allowed me to self-reflect and make fair decisions that are logical and they have helped in recognizing authentic authorities. Epistemic objects have helped me to create an understanding while assessing things rationally and fairly. This has also increased my gratification, which has resulted in increased levels of concentration on the projects.
Assessment
Epistemic temper is successful in a way that it allows individuals to think rationally and desire to gain more knowledge about things with which we are surrounded by. I believe that, sometimes epistemic temper helps us in a way that we become able to provide the required evidence that is based on knowledge and learning. This helps individuals to enjoy and value the virtues and motivations that are provided by the epistemic objects. While it again depends on the nature of desire, that leads us to a judgment for the validity or the truthfulness of the epistemic object use. According to Aristotle, the body desires are restricted to self-indulgence however, I believe that, it is not necessarily right. Humans have to fulfill their human desires whether they are related to their bodies or their souls.
Epistemic temper fails when it is not able to provide enough evidence, while this evidence must be based on knowledge and learning of an individual. Therefore, it is important to gain knowledge in a way that will be helpful for practical uses and to provide evidence against the given questions. Hence, epistemic temper is important to consider because, these are the sources, which motivate individuals to gain knowledge.
Analysis of Virtue Epistemology
The virtue of epistemology provides motivation and increases motivation according to their capacities and materialistic perfection that leads individuals to gain knowledge ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ogpqetVk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Arevuo 31)","plainCitation":"(Arevuo 31)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1452,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/N8QDPIWN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/N8QDPIWN"],"itemData":{"id":1452,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Epistemic objects in collective decision-making : a practice perspective on the use of causal maps as situated material artifacts","source":"Semantic Scholar","abstract":"2","shortTitle":"Epistemic objects in collective decision-making","author":[{"family":"Arevuo","given":"Mikko"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}},"locator":"31","label":"page"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Arevuo 31). It is not always necessary that an individual may be able to turn or convert the knowledge that he has gained into a reality. For example, the true-belief systems that connect to religion are not necessarily transformed into a reality. It is hard to show God but people do believe in God. People know about religion and God but it is a problem for them to show this knowledge to them. While, the concept of being Epistemically Temperate might provide a promising route for moving from mere belief to knowledge, thereby avoiding the specter of skepticism. It is possible when an individual learns to accept things and think rationally about the things in the surroundings.
Works Cited
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Arevuo, Mikko. Epistemic Objects in Collective Decision-Making : A Practice Perspective on the Use of Causal Maps as Situated Material Artifacts. 2015.
Battaly, Heather. “Epistemic Self‐Indulgence.” Metaphilosophy, vol. 41, no. 1‐2, 2010, pp. 214–34, https://sci-hub.tw/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9973.2009.01619.x.
Bortolotti, Lisa, and Bissett Ema Sullivan. How Can False or Irrational Beliefs Be Useful? Routledge, 2017.
Feldman, Richard, and Earl Conee. “Some Virtues of Evidentialism.” Veritas, vol. 50, Nov. 2006. ResearchGate, doi:10.15448/1984-6746.2005.4.1817.
More Subjects
Join our mailing list
© All Rights Reserved 2024