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Response One

When a criminal act is implemented on the offenders, there are likely chances that criminals start confronting other problems and criminal prosecutions become challenging ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"shZ0XAny","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Benson & Simpson, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Benson & Simpson, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1595,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/GPBMPF86"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/GPBMPF86"],"itemData":{"id":1595,"type":"book","title":"Understanding White-Collar Crime: An Opportunity Perspective","publisher":"Routledge","number-of-pages":"336","source":"Google Books","abstract":"Unlike other books of its kind, Understanding White-Collar Crime: An Opportunity Perspective uses a coherent theoretical perspective in its coverage of white-collar crime. Using opportunity perspective, or the assumption that all crimes depend on offenders having some sort of opportunity to commit an offense, allows the authors to uncover the processes leading up to white-collar crimes and offer potential solutions to this rampant issue, without being reductive in their treatment of the topic. With this second edition, Benson and Simpson have greatly expanded their coverage to include new case studies, substantive materials, and an annotated appendix of online resources to make this a core book for courses on white-collar crime.","ISBN":"978-1-134-48757-8","note":"Google-Books-ID: 8S2LBQAAQBAJ","shortTitle":"Understanding White-Collar Crime","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Benson","given":"Michael L."},{"family":"Simpson","given":"Sally S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",11,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Benson & Simpson, 2014). To avoid such situations it is important to focus on criminals, and this may include bringing changes in criminal behaviours, providing more opportunities to them, and dealing them legally. Punishing criminals and the threat of force is not always a solution to control crime; rather, it is important to make criminals believe in fair justice system ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"i2YfPWN3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Papachritos et al., 2012)","plainCitation":"(Papachritos et al., 2012)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1599,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8L5LBLGX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8L5LBLGX"],"itemData":{"id":1599,"type":"article-journal","title":"Why do criminals obey the law-the influence of legitimacy and social networks on active gun offenders","container-title":"J. Crim. L. & Criminology","page":"397","volume":"102","author":[{"family":"Papachritos","given":"Adrew V."},{"family":"Meares","given":"Tracey L."},{"family":"Fagan","given":"Jeffrey"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Papachritos et al., 2012). Making them part of fair justice will benefit the law to control crimes. Criminal behavioural changes are important rather than subjecting them to the criminal justice system where they get treated inappropriately ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"bvQ80wcR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Simmons, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Simmons, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1603,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/GWYXXRVS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/GWYXXRVS"],"itemData":{"id":1603,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Importance of Mental Health Courts for Psychiatry & the Criminal Justice System","container-title":"University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine","page":"20-23","volume":"9","issue":"2","source":"uottawa.scholarsportal.info","URL":"https://uottawa.scholarsportal.info/ottawa/index.php/uojm-jmuo/article/view/4335","DOI":"10.18192/uojm.v9i2.4335","ISSN":"2292-6518","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Simmons","given":"Alexander"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,28]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",1,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Simmons, 2019). Bringing changes in the mentality of offenders will help them to avoid crimes, which will decrease the crime rates. Focusing more on criminals will save them from detentions and sentences.

Response Two

For victims and criminals, focusing on criminal act over the criminal may be beneficial for both, victims and criminals. The main benefit of focusing on criminal is to protect the victims by limiting criminals with the help of law and justice system of punishments. Objectives of Criminal Act may benefit others by providing protection to them and punishing offenders. Another benefit is to control criminals from committing crimes by minimizing utility (maximizing harm). On the community level, criminal act protects the offenders, and community may utilize deterrent sentences against wrongdoers ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HXdRVVBN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Tyler, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Tyler, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1601,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/KK53LBQ6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/KK53LBQ6"],"itemData":{"id":1601,"type":"article-journal","title":"Legitimacy and Criminal Justice: The Benefits of Self-Regulation","container-title":"Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law","page":"307","volume":"7","URL":"https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/osjcl7&id=311&div=&collection=","shortTitle":"Legitimacy and Criminal Justice","journalAbbreviation":"Ohio St. J. Crim. L.","author":[{"family":"Tyler","given":"Tom R."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]],"season":"2010"}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Tyler, 2009). Focusing more on criminal act over criminal may be helpful to avoid future criminal acts, and this makes other offenders to learn that crimes are against the law. Criminal law is also helpful to avoid white-collar crime, but for certain reasons, this is not effective to give a response to the committers of white-collar crime ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kwbqoBP8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Benson & Simpson, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Benson & Simpson, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1595,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/GPBMPF86"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/GPBMPF86"],"itemData":{"id":1595,"type":"book","title":"Understanding White-Collar Crime: An Opportunity Perspective","publisher":"Routledge","number-of-pages":"336","source":"Google Books","abstract":"Unlike other books of its kind, Understanding White-Collar Crime: An Opportunity Perspective uses a coherent theoretical perspective in its coverage of white-collar crime. Using opportunity perspective, or the assumption that all crimes depend on offenders having some sort of opportunity to commit an offense, allows the authors to uncover the processes leading up to white-collar crimes and offer potential solutions to this rampant issue, without being reductive in their treatment of the topic. With this second edition, Benson and Simpson have greatly expanded their coverage to include new case studies, substantive materials, and an annotated appendix of online resources to make this a core book for courses on white-collar crime.","ISBN":"978-1-134-48757-8","note":"Google-Books-ID: 8S2LBQAAQBAJ","shortTitle":"Understanding White-Collar Crime","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Benson","given":"Michael L."},{"family":"Simpson","given":"Sally S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",11,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Benson & Simpson, 2014).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Benson, M. L., & Simpson, S. S. (2014). Understanding White-Collar Crime: An Opportunity Perspective. Routledge.

Papachritos, A. V., Meares, T. L., & Fagan, J. (2012). Why do criminals obey the law-the influence of legitimacy and social networks on active gun offenders. J. Crim. L. & Criminology, 102, 397.

Simmons, A. (2019). The Importance of Mental Health Courts for Psychiatry & the Criminal Justice System. University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine, 9(2), 20–23. https://doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v9i2.4335

Tyler, T. R. (2009). Legitimacy and Criminal Justice: The Benefits of Self-Regulation. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 7, 307. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/osjcl7&id=311&div=&collection=