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Controversial Topic Argumentative Essay
Controversial Topic Argumentative Essay
In the contemporary age, the debate on the practice of the death penalty or a life sentence has assumed a contentious role. There exist both advocates of the execution and life in prison. However, a wide range of nations across the world have advanced to abolish the death penalty across the world. The international comity of nations is advancing to abrogate the practice of death sentence. Life in prison is advocated by several schools of thoughts. In 1976, the government of Canada took critical steps to remove the death penalty from the Criminal Code to strengthen the justice system and provision of justice and fundamental human rights. After the abolition of the death penalty, the per capita rate in Canada for homicide has drastically declined and is currently at the lowest rate since 1966. Irrefutably, the abolition of the death sentence is essential to preserve the fundamental human rights and life sentence in prison is a potential mean to reduce the crime rates and rejuvenate the spirits of the Human Rights Charter.
To begin, the death penalty desecrates the very fundamental principles of the right to life that is sanctioned to each individual across the globe. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has also called for abolishing the death penalty and it agrees that its implications fundamentally breach the human right norms and values. In addition, the death penalty has been deemed to have breached the prohibition, inhumane and cruel treatment. The recognition of these essential values has caused 16 countries to abolish the practice in the recent thirty-five years. The United States executed 220 people from 207 to 2011. In addition,the public opinion is of utmost importance to assess the manifestations of the death penalty in Canada. The previous decade witnessed a critical state of events in this regard. In the case of United States v. Burns, the Supreme Court of Canada identified that Canada ought not to extradite the persons for facing criminal trials in other states from the crimes punishable by the death sentence unless Canada is ensured that the foreign state will not enact the death penalty. These policies are similar to the policies of other states as France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. These states also refuse to extradite the prisoners based who may have been condemned to death. Extradition, with the possibility of the death penalty, was ruled an explicit violation of the European Convention of Human Rights. All these instances reveal that the death penalty is a menace which is against the fundamental essence of law.
Furthermore, there exist a strong rationale for the eradication of the death penalty to strengthen the manifestations of a life sentence. The death penalty is a vigorous process which is a long process and drains the closed ones of the victim financially and emotionally. It is an alternative delusion for them which serve the purpose of consolation for their protracted suffering and concluding in a radical manner. If the death penalty is reinstated in Canada after years, the debate of sentencing the right person will catch the heat. Since DNA testing is reliable, the likelihood of sentencing the innocent and wrong person gets reduced to a minimum. It is still considered a possibility and is the fundamental argument nourished against the death penalty. The appeal system in the court manifests the process of a death sentence. The court system clogs and the appeals pile up which further affect the processing of the court matters. Besides, the advocates of the death penalty stipulate the views that the death penalty is likely to shield them from the widespread peril of crimes in society. A critical appraisal of the view shuns the argument and reflects a contrasting picture. As per the reports published each year, the states with the death penalty witnessed an increased rate in murders in comparison to the states without the death penalty. There exists a significant scarcity of the evidence that the death penalty deters crimes and murders because of the fear of severe punishment. Several criminologists are of the belief that the death penalty makes the population prone to crime. A research study conducted at Susquehanna University highlighted that approximately 1.12 is additionally consumed to confine an inmate on death row in comparison to the general population of inmates. For instance, the needless consumption of limited resources from the policies that were promulgated to reduce crime is taken away by the process of executing a person. Had death sentence been initiated in Canada, it would require large expense to ensure that the inmates of death row are kept in high-security areas. Article 2 of the charter of the Human Rights Act offers a potential alternative to this adversity. It stipulates that the right to live is the absolute right.
Likewise, the case namely Pretty v the United Kingdom manifests the inherent norm of permitting a person to be sentenced rather than execution. A woman combating an incurable disease desired to supervise the time and manner wherein she died. The primary purpose of the aspiration was to avert am undignified death due to which her husband assisted her to kill her. However, she sought a guarantee that her husband would not be charged. The European Court of Human Rights stated that the fundamental human rights can never be desecrated by amending them as per will and against the charter of the Human Rights Act. This case demonstrates that neither a public authority nor a third person can advance to take the life of anyone regardless of the intent, motives or actions of the person. A similar state of legal affairs is promulgated and pursued in Canada which ought to continue in true letter and spirits.
To discuss the implications of a life sentence as a permanent regulation, it is a criminal sentence for particular offenses that comprise an indeterminate length. These laws of life imprisonment are enacted by the Parliament of Canada and applied thoroughly across the state. However, it is imperative to address the arguments made by the cynics of the practice of life sentence. A popular case namely Bruce McArthur murder case constituted the instance where a man pleads guilty after charged with 8 counts of first degree murder. Since each count carried an obligatory life sentence, a judge could only sentence a person to a single life sentence. The advocates of the promulgation of the death sentence critically assert their argument on the basis of this complexity. The argument sounds potential but is nullified by the intricacies of parole. For instance, such a person charged with eight life sentence ought not to be charged with the death sentence to serve the purpose of punishment. The Criminal Code of Canada will authorize the judge to prevent him for requesting parole during the imprisonment of twenty-five years. Moreover, the judge also holds the prerogative to add further years of ineligibility to the parole request. To substantiate the argument, the prisons in Canada are relatively enhanced in regards to exhibiting lower recidivism rates and rehabilitating the offenders. For instance, the average recidivism rate in Canada is approximately 40. It reveals that the prison facilities in Canada are worthy of sustaining the life sentence in a systematic and restoring manner for the prisoners. A comparison of the rate with the United States of America (USA) is instrumental to postulate the differences caused by the abrogation of the death sentence. The recidivism rates in the United States account for approximately 60. This is a remarkable demonstration of the positive ramifications of abrogating the death sentence in Canada. Consequently, not only the rehabilitation and rejuvenation of the spirits of the fundamental human rights is boosted but also the crime rate is also reduced while comparing with the state of events with the enactment of the death penalty.
To conclude, the deliberated instances highlight the positive consequences of a life sentence in comparison to the promulgation of the death sentence. Each citizen, across the world, is entitled by the United Nations, the Human Right Charter and the international law to exercise the right to live. Canada is a state where the death penalty was abrogated in the previous century and the intermediary role played by life sentence has reduced the murder rates and enhanced the rehabilitation of prisoners. The argument is made after the comparison of statistics with the states exercising the radical practice of the death penalty. In essence, these events are an explicit illustration of the reality that death sentence casts adverse consequences. Thus, it should never be reinstated in Canada despite the overwhelming advocacy by certain groups in the states. The intricate criminal cases and sentences highlighted above further strengthen the argument by supplementing the argument with Article 2 of the Human Rights Charter. Irrefutably, the abolition of the death sentence is essential to preserve the fundamental human rights and life sentence in prison is a potential mean to reduce the crime rates and rejuvenate the spirits of the Human Rights Charter. The death sentence causes detrimental ramifications not only for the society but also for the criminal code and thus the implementation of life sentence ought to be pursued in true letter and spirits.
End Notes
1. ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL uncited,omitted,custom CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 Myths About the Death Penalty. Death Penalty Focus. Accessed April 3, 2019. https//deathpenalty.org/facts/5-myths-death-penalty/.
2. Deterrence States Without the Death Penalty Have Had Consistently Lower Murder Rates Death Penalty Information Center. Accessed April 3, 2019. https//deathpenaltyinfo.org/deterrence-states-without-death-penalty-have-had-consistently-lower-murder-rates.
3. Feb 06, Stephanie Hogan CBC News Posted, and 2019 400 AM ET Last Updated February 8. How Does a Judge Decide between Concurrent and Consecutive Sentences CBC News. CBC, February 6, 2019. https//www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-explains-sentences-concurrent-consecutive-1.5005853.
4. Should Life Imprisonment Be Replaced by Capital Punishment Accessed April 3, 2019. https//www.debate.org/opinions/should-life-imprisonment-be-replaced-by-capital-punishment.
5. Why Life in Prison Rarely Works out That Way in Canada. Accessed April 3, 2019. https//www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/why-life-in-prison-rarely-works-out-that-way-in-canada/article24301991/.
ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDq8I7Tbbe,propertiesformattedCitationuc0u8220Deterrence States Without the Death Penalty Have Had Consistently Lower Murder Rates Death Penalty Information Center,uc0u8221 accessed April 3, 2019, https//deathpenaltyinfo.org/deterrence-states-without-death-penalty-have-had-consistently-lower-murder-rates.,plainCitationDeterrence States Without the Death Penalty Have Had Consistently Lower Murder Rates Death Penalty Information Center, accessed April 3, 2019, https//deathpenaltyinfo.org/deterrence-states-without-death-penalty-have-had-consistently-lower-murder-rates.,noteIndex1,citationItemsid260,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/M7W7JKJS,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/M7W7JKJS,itemDataid260,typewebpage,titleDeterrence States Without the Death Penalty Have Had Consistently Lower Murder Rates Death Penalty Information Center,URLhttps//deathpenaltyinfo.org/deterrence-states-without-death-penalty-have-had-consistently-lower-murder-rates,accesseddate-parts2019,4,3,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json Deterrence States Without the Death Penalty Have Had Consistently Lower Murder Rates Death Penalty Information Center, accessed April 3, 2019, https//deathpenaltyinfo.org/deterrence-states-without-death-penalty-have-had-consistently-lower-murder-rates.
ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDG21NrWXz,propertiesformattedCitationuc0u82205 Myths About the Death Penalty,uc0u8221 Death Penalty Focus, accessed April 3, 2019, https//deathpenalty.org/facts/5-myths-death-penalty/.,plainCitation5 Myths About the Death Penalty, Death Penalty Focus, accessed April 3, 2019, https//deathpenalty.org/facts/5-myths-death-penalty/.,noteIndex2,citationItemsid256,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/MVNQFL54,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/MVNQFL54,itemDataid256,typewebpage,title5 Myths About the Death Penalty,container-titleDeath Penalty Focus,URLhttps//deathpenalty.org/facts/5-myths-death-penalty/,accesseddate-parts2019,4,3,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json 5 Myths About the Death Penalty, Death Penalty Focus, accessed April 3, 2019, https//deathpenalty.org/facts/5-myths-death-penalty/.
ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDVlwR4trE,propertiesformattedCitationStephanie Hogan uc0u183 CBC News uc0u183 Posted Feb 06 and 2019 400 AM ET Last Updated February 8, uc0u8220How Does a Judge Decide between Concurrent and Consecutive Sentences CBC News,uc0u8221 CBC, February 6, 2019, https//www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-explains-sentences-concurrent-consecutive-1.5005853.,plainCitationStephanie Hogan CBC News Posted Feb 06 and 2019 400 AM ET Last Updated February 8, How Does a Judge Decide between Concurrent and Consecutive Sentences CBC News, CBC, February 6, 2019, https//www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-explains-sentences-concurrent-consecutive-1.5005853.,noteIndex3,citationItemsid258,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/V48NGZXF,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/V48NGZXF,itemDataid258,typewebpage,titleHow does a judge decide between concurrent and consecutive sentences CBC News,container-titleCBC,abstractWe sometimes hear that a U.S. judge has imposed several consecutive prison sentences on a criminal, adding up to more than 100 years. That is far less common in Canada, but the issue has come up in some recent high-profile cases.,URLhttps//www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-explains-sentences-concurrent-consecutive-1.5005853,shortTitleHow does a judge decide between concurrent and consecutive sentences,languageen,authorfamilyFeb 06,givenStephanie Hogan CBC News Posted,familyFebruary 8,given2019 400 AM ET Last Updated,issueddate-parts2019,2,6,accesseddate-parts2019,4,3,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json Stephanie Hogan CBC News Posted Feb 06 and 2019 400 AM ET Last Updated February 8, How Does a Judge Decide between Concurrent and Consecutive Sentences CBC News, CBC, February 6, 2019, https//www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-explains-sentences-concurrent-consecutive-1.5005853.
ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationID6RLFpDsC,propertiesformattedCitationuc0u8220Should Life Imprisonment Be Replaced by Capital Punishment,uc0u8221 accessed April 3, 2019, https//www.debate.org/opinions/should-life-imprisonment-be-replaced-by-capital-punishment.,plainCitationShould Life Imprisonment Be Replaced by Capital Punishment, accessed April 3, 2019, https//www.debate.org/opinions/should-life-imprisonment-be-replaced-by-capital-punishment.,noteIndex4,citationItemsid264,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/XGDSYE7E,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/XGDSYE7E,itemDataid264,typewebpage,titleShould life imprisonment be replaced by capital punishment,abstractDebate.org is a dynamic social community where you can voice your opinion on todays hottest issues.,URLhttps//www.debate.org/opinions/should-life-imprisonment-be-replaced-by-capital-punishment,languageen,accesseddate-parts2019,4,3,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json Should Life Imprisonment Be Replaced by Capital Punishment, accessed April 3, 2019, https//www.debate.org/opinions/should-life-imprisonment-be-replaced-by-capital-punishment.
ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION citationIDLfbc3Fgo,propertiesformattedCitationuc0u8220Why Life in Prison Rarely Works out That Way in Canada,uc0u8221 accessed April 3, 2019, https//www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/why-life-in-prison-rarely-works-out-that-way-in-canada/article24301991/.,plainCitationWhy Life in Prison Rarely Works out That Way in Canada, accessed April 3, 2019, https//www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/why-life-in-prison-rarely-works-out-that-way-in-canada/article24301991/.,noteIndex5,citationItemsid262,urishttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/N45E7SHK,urihttp//zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/N45E7SHK,itemDataid262,typearticle-newspaper,titleWhy life in prison rarely works out that way in Canada,sourceThe Globe and Mail,abstractWith 22 per cent of paroled murderers having their parole revoked over a 14-year period, the system is flawed,URLhttps//www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/why-life-in-prison-rarely-works-out-that-way-in-canada/article24301991/,accesseddate-parts2019,4,3,schemahttps//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json Why Life in Prison Rarely Works out That Way in Canada, accessed April 3, 2019, https//www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/why-life-in-prison-rarely-works-out-that-way-in-canada/article24301991/.
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