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LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW ASSIGNMENT

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LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW ASSIGNMENT

Introduction

The following paper presents the summaries of three journal articles regarding the basic categories of criminal law and implied theoretical framework. The articles pivot crime concentration at particular facilities, high concentration of crime at some addresses and the absence of crimes at others, and how offenders select their targets. All the articles are based on different crime and place theories that aid in understanding the nature, motivational dynamics, and other dimensions of fallacies occurred in the societal backdrop.

Crime Concentration at Particular Facilities

Article Title Risky Facilities Crime Concentration in Homogeneous Sets of Establishments and Facilities

Author John E. Eck and associate authors

Year of Publication 2007

The article highlights that crime concentration among specific homogenous social clusters is frequent and generally follow a precise and predictable pattern and mechanism. Such techniques and criminal outlines are familiar in the mtier of biology, social sciences, and physical sciences. The particular prominent facilities for crime concentration include hospitals, bars, restaurants, hotels, banks, and sports facilities and even educational institutions. However, the article suggests that in order to delve deeper for preventive measures, the notion of repeat victimization at risky facilities can be utilized. The hazardous facilities can proffer a wide array of causations that can help to comprehend the associated problems. Explanations, along with empirical exploration, are indispensable to observe the recurrence of criminal incidents at risky facilities. Afterward, implications to impede the progress of crime concentration are needed to be considered. Such an initiative can elevate the efficacy of crime control and can help in mitigating the crime concentration rate from particular premises.

High Concentration of Crime at Some Addresses and the Absence of Crimes at Others

Article Title Crime in Rural Areas A Literature Review

Author Jill Dando

Year of Publication 2005

The article elucidates the infamous debate regarding the comparative stats of crime concentration in rural and urban territories. In due course, the author incorporates a few instances of criminal incidents both from urban and countryside lives. According to the underlying posit of the article, it is asserted that rural areas are not exempted from crimes. However, the focus of media and other literature has precisely shifted to the criminal occurrences in cities. Through instance of Tony Martin case, Dando strives to corroborate that rural life is not bare of crimes. And delinquencies are an integral part of their mundane life, though never addressed adequately.

How Offenders Select Targets

Article Title Understanding Decisions to Burglarize from the Offenders Perspective

Author Joseph B. Kuhns

Year of Publication 2012

The article is an extension or should say improved research of a previous study. The observation comprised of the data attained from imprisoned men and women thieves from Ohio, Kentucky, and North Carolina. Throughout the research process, a well-devised questionnaire was employed to comprehend the pattern of target selection among burglars and other culprits. The important questions include the motifs that allure burglars toward felonies. Moreover, factors that are considered by robbers while pinpointing the target are underlined. Along with encouraging elements, the aspects that discourage burglars from taking any imitative against the target are also asked. Additionally, gender differences and specific techniques are examined. Data gathering and analysis affirm that a myriad of offenders targeted the victims on a seasonal basis. And most of the incarcerated culprits are arrested more than once for their misconducts. Study outcomes and previously observed pattern assert that burglary has numerous motivational stimuli, including money, insanity, drugs, or adrenaline. Moreover, only a little difference was found in the triggering rudiments and frequency of both genders.

Reference

Eck, John Clarke, Ronald Guerette, Rob. (2007). Risky Facilities Crime  Concentration in Homogeneous Sets of Establishments and Facilities. Crime  Prevention Studies. 21. 225-264.

Kuhns, Joseph. (2012). Understanding Decisions to Burglarize from the Offenders  Perspective. 10.13140/2.1.2664.4168.

Marshall, Ben Johnson, Shane. (2005). Crime in Rural Areas A Review of the  Literature for the Rural Evidence Research Centre.

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