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RUNNING HEAD: NETWORKING AND OPERATING SYSTEM
Networking and Operating Systems
Stevie
[Name of the institution]
Networking and Operating System
Investigate and describe some new technical developments in operating systems?
Operating system (OS) is a piece of software responsible for appropriate functioning of hardware components. It can be considered as a set of instructions to be executed on the computer hardware. The operating system provides a framework for other applications that run on the hardware ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1at73dstu2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Silberschatz et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Silberschatz et al., 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":2041,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/X7S29MYE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/X7S29MYE"],"itemData":{"id":2041,"type":"book","title":"Operating system concepts","publisher":"Wiley","ISBN":"1-119-43925-6","author":[{"family":"Silberschatz","given":"Abraham"},{"family":"Gagne","given":"Greg"},{"family":"Galvin","given":"Peter B."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Silberschatz et al., 2018). It provides a particular environment for applications to use hardware resources. Hardware resource management is performed by an operating system component known as the kernel. With the miniaturisation of computing technologies, operating system technologies are also evolving continuously. Some latest developments include containerization of programs, cloud integration, and mobile device support.
As computer systems are continuously targeted by cyber-criminals, modern operating system developers are introducing new technologies to prevent cyber-attacks. One of the technologies implemented in modern operating systems is known as containerization. In which each program running on the operating system is provided with an isolated environment, where the interaction with other processes and applications is highly restricted ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1tjmbr0k1i","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hunt et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Hunt et al., 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":2044,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/BFENFSFL"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/BFENFSFL"],"itemData":{"id":2044,"type":"book","title":"Application compatibility with library operating systems","publisher":"Google Patents","author":[{"family":"Hunt","given":"Galen C."},{"family":"Olinsky","given":"Reuben R."},{"family":"Fortin","given":"Michael R."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hunt et al., 2018). As a result, if the application is compromised by cyber-attacks, the operating system will remain intact. Cloud computing has changed the way people do business. Even small to medium sized organisations rely on cloud computing resources for their operations. Operating systems are also adapting to the cloud computing paradigm by powering significant functionalities of the operating system from cloud such as Chrome OS ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1j63r6g2i1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Javed et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Javed et al., 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":2047,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/YU38R3W9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/YU38R3W9"],"itemData":{"id":2047,"type":"article-journal","title":"Internet of Things (IoT) Operating Systems Support, Networking Technologies, Applications, and Challenges: A Comparative Review","container-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","page":"2062-2100","volume":"20","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Javed","given":"Farhana"},{"family":"Afzal","given":"Muhamamd Khalil"},{"family":"Sharif","given":"Muhammad"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Byung-Seo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Javed et al., 2018). Computers are getting smaller and smaller in size. Modern devices are powered by mobile hardware that provides flexibility and usability as compared to mainframe computing systems. Operating systems are adapting to mobile environments by moving critical components into the cloud. Lightweight mobile operating systems are being developed to utilise resources efficiently.
Approaches to providing broadband internet to remote regions in Australia?
Exponential penetration of information and communication technologies in daily life requires high-speed broadband internet for appropriate functioning. While broadband internet is available in most of the developed areas, there are many challenges in providing broadband connectivity to remote areas. Given to the diversity of Australian land that contains deserts, rugged mountains, and grassy landscapes no single technology can cover all these geographical situations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1lspm7pga2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Boulogeorgos et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Boulogeorgos et al., 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":2050,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/V9LPGRL6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/V9LPGRL6"],"itemData":{"id":2050,"type":"article-journal","title":"Terahertz technologies to deliver optical network quality of experience in wireless systems beyond 5G","container-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine","page":"144-151","volume":"56","issue":"6","author":[{"family":"Boulogeorgos","given":"Alexandros-Apostolos A."},{"family":"Alexiou","given":"Angeliki"},{"family":"Merkle","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Schubert","given":"Colja"},{"family":"Elschner","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Katsiotis","given":"Alexandros"},{"family":"Stavrianos","given":"Panagiotis"},{"family":"Kritharidis","given":"Dimitrios"},{"family":"Chartsias","given":"Panteleimon-Konstantinos"},{"family":"Kokkoniemi","given":"Joonas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Boulogeorgos et al., 2018). Mountains and grassy landscapes cannot be covered with a single network topology or technology. Therefore, two of the broadband technologies known as optical fibre and wireless communications can be used in providing broadband connectivity to remote areas ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a15vb7egm34","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Salamin et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Salamin et al., 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":2053,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/6QLRC6HU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/6QLRC6HU"],"itemData":{"id":2053,"type":"article-journal","title":"Microwave plasmonic mixer in a transparent fibre–wireless link","container-title":"Nature photonics","page":"749","volume":"12","issue":"12","author":[{"family":"Salamin","given":"Yannick"},{"family":"Baeuerle","given":"Benedikt"},{"family":"Heni","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Abrecht","given":"Felix C."},{"family":"Josten","given":"Arne"},{"family":"Fedoryshyn","given":"Yuriy"},{"family":"Haffner","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Bonjour","given":"Romain"},{"family":"Watanabe","given":"Tatsuhiko"},{"family":"Burla","given":"Maurizio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Salamin et al., 2018). Optical fibre networks using technologies such as fibre to the home (FTTH) provides high-speed broadband connectivity to home users as well as businesses. Optical fibre communications are less prone to electromagnetic interferences as the signals are transmitted as pulses of light as compared to electric pulses used in copper wire communications.
Although fibre optical networks provide high-speed broadband internet connectivity, they require extended fibre cable networks to be installed. Installation of delicate fibre cables may not be possible in areas having rugged mountains. To overcome such situations, broadband services can be provided using wireless communication technologies such as the fourth generation of cellular networks ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2fh69himu2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Koonen, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Koonen, 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":2056,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/EUI84DD3"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/gITejLE9/items/EUI84DD3"],"itemData":{"id":2056,"type":"article-journal","title":"Indoor optical wireless systems: technology, trends, and applications","container-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","page":"1459-1467","volume":"36","issue":"8","author":[{"family":"Koonen","given":"Ton"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Koonen, 2018). Wireless networks can eliminate the need for long wires but may introduce different types of issues. Such as in the case of wireless communications there are electromagnetic interference effects. It is hard to maintain the quality of service in wireless broadband networks due to channel interference. Radio frequency channels used in wireless communications are prone to higher interference effects deteriorating the signal quality. Signal to noise ratio in such networks can be minimised by using specialised modulation techniques; the quality may not surpass optical fibre communications. However, in remote areas such as the Bush area in Australia, wireless broadband communication networks can serve the purpose.
References
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Boulogeorgos, A.-A.A., Alexiou, A., Merkle, T., Schubert, C., Elschner, R., Katsiotis, A., Stavrianos, P., Kritharidis, D., Chartsias, P.-K., Kokkoniemi, J., 2018. Terahertz technologies to deliver optical network quality of experience in wireless systems beyond 5G. IEEE Commun. Mag. 56, 144–151.
Hunt, G.C., Olinsky, R.R., Fortin, M.R., 2018. Application compatibility with library operating systems. Google Patents.
Javed, F., Afzal, M.K., Sharif, M., Kim, B.-S., 2018. Internet of Things (IoT) Operating Systems Support, Networking Technologies, Applications, and Challenges: A Comparative Review. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 20, 2062–2100.
Koonen, T., 2018. Indoor optical wireless systems: technology, trends, and applications. J. Light. Technol. 36, 1459–1467.
Salamin, Y., Baeuerle, B., Heni, W., Abrecht, F.C., Josten, A., Fedoryshyn, Y., Haffner, C., Bonjour, R., Watanabe, T., Burla, M., 2018. Microwave plasmonic mixer in a transparent fibre–wireless link. Nat. Photonics 12, 749.
Silberschatz, A., Gagne, G., Galvin, P.B., 2018. Operating system concepts. Wiley.
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