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The management of data on a computer has remained in a fluctuating state since the very inception of the data management and storage operations. The contemporary trends utilize the quick operational and flexible management fundamentals of the database systems. However, computers operated on a costly and much less elegant approach to managing data called the file-based system in the past decades. The file-based approach had several disadvantages and the data redundancy was the most prominent among them. Security, integrity, and isolation of the data further caused the need of establishment of a cohesive and organized mechanism known as the database management system.

At the beginning of the 1960s, companies advanced to sell the mainframe database management systems (DBMS) to cater to the issues deliberated above ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VbURurcl","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Chapter 1 Before the Advent of Database Systems \\uc0\\u8211{} Database Design \\uc0\\u8211{} 2nd Edition,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Chapter 1 Before the Advent of Database Systems – Database Design – 2nd Edition,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1871,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/H8YOvGFC/items/FPSR7W65"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/H8YOvGFC/items/FPSR7W65"],"itemData":{"id":1871,"type":"webpage","title":"Chapter 1 Before the Advent of Database Systems – Database Design – 2nd Edition","URL":"https://opentextbc.ca/dbdesign01/chapter/chapter-1-before-the-advent-of-database-systems/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,12]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Chapter 1 Before the Advent of Database Systems – Database Design – 2nd Edition,” n.d.). Various operational necessities were met after the establishment of the database management systems.

The efficient path to program complex functions without rewriting retrieval applications

Standard model to share data among multiple users and applications

The companies vested in the database management systems went public in the late 1970s and later became the largest independent software product enterprises

The customers and users were presented with the opportunity to move the applications across distinguished manufacturing platforms and operating systems

The primary features highlighted above were the major responses to the issues caused by the operational mechanism of the file-based system. By the mid-1960s, computers became popular and the users demanded a standard be established. The Database Task Group introduced the standard in 1971 as Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL). However, the standard was immensely complicated and thus required modifications. Other historic inventions included the Object-oriented database management system that attracted the users in the late 1990s ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"mcf4NOq8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Grad & Bergin, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Grad & Bergin, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1873,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/H8YOvGFC/items/JRURX9V3"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/H8YOvGFC/items/JRURX9V3"],"itemData":{"id":1873,"type":"article-journal","title":"History of Database Management Systems","container-title":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","page":"3-5","volume":"31","issue":"4","source":"Project MUSE","ISSN":"1934-1547","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Grad","given":"Burton"},{"family":"Bergin","given":"Thomas J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Grad & Bergin, 2009). The unstructured ambiguities in the data were resolved by NoSQL and it addressed the scalability issues of the distributed database systems. In the modern era, technological innovations and robust developments have made database management system one of a kind.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter 1 Before the Advent of Database Systems – Database Design – 2nd Edition. (n.d.). Retrieved January 12, 2019, from https://opentextbc.ca/dbdesign01/chapter/chapter-1-before-the-advent-of-database-systems/

Grad, B., & Bergin, T. J. (2009). History of Database Management Systems. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 31(4), 3–5.