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US Immigration to 1877
Your Name here
US Immigration to 1877
Date Here
(All double-spaced)
The United States has always been a land of immigration. The major waves of immigration were experienced during the colonial era. People came to American to seek religious freedom and greater economic opportunity. African slaves came to America against their will. America has been a nation of immigrants who crossed the land bridge connecting North America and Asia. The first European had begun establishing settlements in the 1500s. Colonization was prominent at that time as every nation was trying to establish a massive empire. The reason behind this was the claim of their supremacy in the entire region. People immigrate to America due to many economical opportunities in order to better their life styles. Africans were captured, separated from their family, and transported to America to serve as slaves. Many first settlers came in search of freedom in order to practice their religion.
Immigration in the Colonial Era
At that time, people were facing many problems such as economic problems and religious problems, which forced them to move to the New World during colonial times. English immigrants to America began in the 1500s. English under the command of Sir Walter Raleigh came to North America in search of better lifestyle opportunities and to found new settlements. They named the place Virginia. Sir Walter sent many colonists to settle on Roanoke Island, where the first child of English parents was born in America. Again in 1607, Jamestown settlement was established in the Virginia Colony. John Smith and John Rolfe led the Anglican and Baptists immigrants there. In 1620, the Mayflower Pilgrims founded the Plymouth Colony. It was the Pilgrims who celebrated the First Thanksgiving in order to express their thankfulness for the new colonists and fresh supplies. The time period between 1620 to 1640 was known as Great Migration as thousands of English people immigrate to America. The Great Migration to America led the establishment of the first 13 colonies. These 13 colonies were New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and Georgia. Approximately 50,000 covered the distance of 3000 miles to settle in America.
The immigration of English to America was dangerous and hard for both English settlers and Native Americans. Native Americans were not in the mod to facilitate new settlers as they were trying to influence their culture and power on them. Therefore, a war for survival has started in different regions of America, known as The Indian Wars of the 1600s. New settlers became embroiled in the war with the Native Americans. The major wars included the Pequot war in Connecticut, Powhatan Wars in Virginia, and the Indians and French Wars (1688-1763).
Religious Freedom
Many of the British North American colonies were settled in the seventeenth century by men and women, who refused to compromise passionately held religious convictions. It is noteworthy to mention that New England colonies, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania were established and conceived on the basis of religious aspects. These colonies were conceived so that people can perform their religious aspects without any hurdles. Majority of the European immigrate to new colonies for secular motives. They wanted a place where they can easily perform their prayers and worship God, in the way they believed to be correct. New settlers were thrilled and willingly supported the efforts of their leaders to build churches in the American wilderness. The uniformity of religion in each society was the viewpoint of Catholics and Protestants. People fled from Europe to the British North American colonies in search of free land, where they can attain religious freedom. However, Roger Williams enforced the idea of the uniformity of religion. By doing so, Protestants persecuted Catholics in some areas, while in others, Catholics persecuted Protestants. The religious persecution was bloody and implacable in the British North American colonies.
Indentured Servants
After the settlement of Europeans in Jamestown, indentured servants first arrived in America. Virginia Company was in need of cheap labor. Therefore, the idea of indentured servitude came along. It was expensive for Europeans to cross over to the American colonies. They presented the idea that if an employer purchased an indenture contract, then he/she will be brought young people over. These people would work for a fixed number of years. After the contract ended, he/she was then free to work on their own. It is notable to mention that the indentured servants were beneficial for both employers and employees. They were provided with food, accommodation, training, and clothing, instead of wages. That system was developed by Virginia Colony to attract workers as it was a vital aspect to the colonial economy. Virginia Company was lucky at that time as Europes economy was depressed which increased the ratio of unemployment. Virginia Company took advantage of those opportunities and provided the idea of indentured servitude. It provides new hope to unemployed people to immigrate to British North American colonies in order to improve their lifestyles. Approximately two-thirds of the immigrants arrived as indentured servants in the American colonies. Additionally, the contract of indentured servants could be extended if they try to break a law. Many historians argued that these indentured servants were better than the new immigrants who came freely to the country. Due to their contract, they were able to get food, accommodation, and clothing.
Slave Trade
Landowners experienced a constant shortage of labor in the American colonies. The indentured servants were able to gain their liberty after 5 to 6 years. Slave trade was established in the mid-17th century, where European traders found it easy to get young and healthy African to be sold into slavery. African intermediaries started doing business with the European traders. Africans were captured and separated from their family. They were transported to American colonies to work, without gaining their liberty.
British Transportation of 50,000 prison convicts to American colonies
British had been shipping convicts to America for decades. When the British realized that Americans are struggling for their freedom, they send thousands of convicts to the American colonies. British transported nearly 50,000 prison convicts from 1717 to the end of the American Revolution. The main reason behind this was Americas part in the war of independence. It is estimated that approximately 9 percent of immigrants to American were British convicts.
The Naturalization Act of 1790
The immigration of prison convicts caused a problem in the United States. There were too many criminals out there who were wandering in the streets to cause harm to other people. The United States was in need of taking strong actions against such criminal immigrants. Therefore, the Naturalization Act of 1790 was introduced to restrict the citizenship to those who had been in the United States for nearly 2 years. This act also states that Asian and Black immigrants were not eligible to stay in the United States. However, the Naturalization Act states nothing about non-white people who were born in the American soil. Here, the focus is to demonstrate certain events that led towards the immigrants of Europeans in the British North American colonies.
Bibliography
Cornell, Saul. The 1979 Naturalization Act and the Original Meaning of the Natural Born Citizen Clause A Short Primer on Historical Method and the Limits of Originalism.Wis. L. Rev. Forward(2016) 92.
Fogleman, Aaron S. From slaves, convicts, and servants to free passengers The transformation of immigration in the era of the American Revolution.The Journal of American History85, no. 1 (1998) 43-76.
Middleton, Richard.Colonial America a history, 1585-1776. Cambridge, MA Blackwell, 1996.
Reid, John. Immigration and the future US black population.The population today14, no. 2 (1986) 6.
Middleton, Richard.Colonial America a history, 1585-1776. Cambridge, MA Blackwell, 1996.
Middleton, Richard.Colonial America a history, 1585-1776. Cambridge, MA Blackwell, 1996.
Middleton, Richard.Colonial America a history, 1585-1776. Cambridge, MA Blackwell, 1996.
Fogleman, Aaron S. From slaves, convicts, and servants to free passengers The transformation of immigration in the era of the American Revolution.The Journal of American History85, no. 1 (1998) 43-76.
Fogleman, Aaron S. From slaves, convicts, and servants to free passengers The transformation of immigration in the era of the American Revolution.The Journal of American History85, no. 1 (1998) 43-76.
Fogleman, Aaron S. From slaves, convicts, and servants to free passengers The transformation of immigration in the era of the American Revolution.The Journal of American History85, no. 1 (1998) 43-76.
Reid, John. Immigration and the future US black population.The population today14, no. 2 (1986) 6.
Cornell, Saul. The 1979 Naturalization Act and the Original Meaning of the Natural Born Citizen Clause A Short Primer on Historical Method and the Limits of Originalism.Wis. L. Rev. Forward(2016) 92.
Your Last Name PAGE MERGEFORMAT 7
1. Middleton, Richard.Colonial America a history, 1585-1776. Cambridge, MA Blackwell, 1996.
2. Fogleman, Aaron S. From slaves, convicts, and servants to free passengers The transformation of immigration in the era of the American Revolution.The Journal of American History85, no. 1 (1998) 43-76.
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