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Brendon Michel
Name of the Instructor
History and Anthropology
12 December 2019
Thinking Back
The river Nile flows throughout most part of the Egypt alongside with a narrow belt of greenery in most of its course, a huge marshy delta at the Mediterranean end, and a regular cycle of flooding. According to Guo, three factors encouraged cyclical return in Egypt ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"8VI3Q0Ok","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Guo)","plainCitation":"(Guo)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":37,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/7FHE98U8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/7FHE98U8"],"itemData":{"id":37,"type":"chapter","container-title":"Human-Earth System Dynamics","page":"125–147","publisher":"Springer","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Civilization as Responses to Cyclical Challenges","author":[{"family":"Guo","given":"Rongxing"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Guo). The human society that preceded civilization was hunter-gatherer. Hunting animals had never been effectual for a growing population along the Nile as a threat to run out of easily accessible animals existed. Compared to being a hunter, putting effort in work and settle down as farmer was easy. This was hard work compared to hunter-gatherer in Egypt. These factors made farming sensible. It was then followed by the annual floods, which were controlled through channel-building which lead to large-scale irrigation; and it is quite natural that civilizations develop where farming takes place ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"AVlU2kqf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Guo)","plainCitation":"(Guo)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":37,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/7FHE98U8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/7FHE98U8"],"itemData":{"id":37,"type":"chapter","container-title":"Human-Earth System Dynamics","page":"125–147","publisher":"Springer","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Civilization as Responses to Cyclical Challenges","author":[{"family":"Guo","given":"Rongxing"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Guo). Lastly, farming societies were tied to their farms which stored goods and traded them for other goods. This lead to money, credit, writing, etc., which all lead to the development of civilization in Egypt.
The Mycenaean inherited parts of their civilization from the Minoans. Much of the Mycenaean art and architecture was acquired from contacts with Minoan civilization ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"eV3Aqms7","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Barber)","plainCitation":"(Barber)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":39,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/B75ESRZQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/B75ESRZQ"],"itemData":{"id":39,"type":"book","publisher":"Duckworth","source":"Google Scholar","title":"The Cyclades in the Bronze age","author":[{"family":"Barber","given":"Robin LN"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1987"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Barber). There were also apparent definite differences between these civilizations. Minoan women seem to have had more social status and liberty than Mycenaean women, and same is true for Cycladic culture. They may also have acquired some religious ideas from the Minoans and Cycladic ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"MDQCGyl6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Alexiou and Ridley)","plainCitation":"(Alexiou and Ridley)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":41,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/L2K27L33"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/L2K27L33"],"itemData":{"id":41,"type":"book","publisher":"Spyros Alexiou","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Minoan civilization","author":[{"family":"Alexiou","given":"Stylianos"},{"family":"Ridley","given":"Cressida"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1969"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Alexiou and Ridley). The double-axe, sometimes called a labrys seems to be associated with both Minoan Crete and with various Indo-European gods of sky and thunder, like Zeus. Mount Ida on Crete was related to Zeus as well. The Mycenaean also acquired writing (Linear B) from the Minoans (Linear A), but spoke a different language. Mycenaean and Cycladic spoke ancestral Greek language, whereas there are little traces about the language Minoans spoke ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"jdkl97Xk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hooker)","plainCitation":"(Hooker)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":43,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/HZIHN42L"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/8reWiRZH/items/HZIHN42L"],"itemData":{"id":43,"type":"book","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Mycenaean Greece (Routledge Revivals)","author":[{"family":"Hooker","given":"John T."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hooker). The transition seems to be tied to the catastrophic eruption of Thera (Santorini), the ensuing tsunami which devastated many areas of the eastern Mediterranean coast.
Works Cited:
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexiou, Stylianos, and Cressida Ridley. Minoan Civilization. Spyros Alexiou, 1969.
Barber, Robin LN. The Cyclades in the Bronze Age. Duckworth, 1987.
Guo, Rongxing. “Civilization as Responses to Cyclical Challenges.” Human-Earth System Dynamics, Springer, 2019, pp. 125–147.
Hooker, John T. Mycenaean Greece (Routledge Revivals). Routledge, 2014.
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