PICOT Question
[Name of Writer]
[Name of Institution]
PICOT Question:
In foreign patients who do not speak English, how do regular nursing rounds influence communication over the course of their stay at the hospital?
Article 1:
Permalink: http://ezproxy.acu.edu:3058/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=3c09f3c3-b9d8-4be2-abe4-f2d100a4338f%40pdc-v-sessmgr04&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXNzbyZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=103772321&db=ccm CITATION Bri15 \l 1033 (Bright, 2015)
Summary: The primary author of this study is Felicity Bright from the School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies at ACT University in Auckland. This is a review that mainly focuses on understanding how current literature has influenced the meaning and the need for clear communication between patients and their healthcare providers especially when it comes to rehabilitation. The researchers conducted a literature search using EBSCO and SCOPUS databases to reach the conclusion that clinicians and healthcare providers play a significant role in the engagement required for quality care provision.
Application: The review answers the PICOT question by establishing a relationship between effective communication with patients by placing the responsibility on healthcare providers or nurses. In conservative settings, this responsibility is generally on patients only but especially, considering our question, if the patients speak a foreign language; it is on the nurses to devise strategies for an effective engagement over concerns.
Article 2:
Permalink: http://ezproxy.acu.edu:3058/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMta%2b0Ua6k63nn5Kx95uXxjL6vrVGtqK5Jt5awUrCmuE2xls5lpOrweezp33vy3%2b2G59q7SbGmr06wqrJOtZzqeezdu33snOJ6u9nrfeLjpIzf3btZzJzfhruotFC1rrdKt5zkh%2fDj34y73POE6urjkPIA&vid=0&sid=065eb0ad-8d90-4bd9-bd2a-87054e948e75@pdc-v-sessmgr01 CITATION Dan16 \l 1033 (Daniels, 2016)
Summary: This study has been conducted by Juli Daniels from the JBI affiliated institute at University of California in San Francisco. The study aims to establish hourly or otherwise regular nursing rounds as an effective strategy for improving direct communication with the patient about potential health concerns that the patient might have. Researchers used interventions at a healthcare facility in America to compare results in the form of patient engagement and successful communication with patients with and without regular hourly nursing rounds. Data from before and after interventions was collected and was statistically analyzed to find significant differences between the two. Results were therefore indicative of hourly nursing rounds to be an efficient strategy in improving communications with patients.
Application: The results of this study directly answer our PICOT question. Regular nursing rounds can create an environment of trust where the patients would be more likely to communicate. This will also be especially helpful for patients with language barriers. Nurses can use these rounds to contribute to better patient safety and greater degree of patient satisfaction.
Article 3:
Permalink: http://ezproxy.acu.edu:2674/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMta%2b0Ua6k63nn5Kx95uXxjL6vrVGtqK5Jt5awUrOvuEqzls5lpOrweezp33vy3%2b2G59q7SbCmtFCurrNMsZzqeezdu33snOJ6u9nhhaTq33%2b7t8w%2b3%2bS7SbGmt1Gxr69LpNztiuvX8lXk6%2bqE8tv2jAAA&vid=0&sid=f3ef5c0c-61ec-41c5-99e6-a53d58c1b312@sessionmgr4006 CITATION Pel18 \l 1033 (Peled, 2018)
Summary: This is a study conducted by Yael Peled from the Institute for Health and Social Policy at McGill University in Montreal. The author has conducted a thorough literature search to find a relationship between linguistic barriers and the problems in efficient healthcare provision that arise from it. Despite education of empathy and compassion in nursing schools, it is still normal that a nurse can misinterpret the mannerisms of a language they cannot speak. This can unfortunately lead to severe miscommunications between the nurse and the patient hence causing injustice or subconscious bias in the care that a foreign language-speaking patient might receive from the nurse. The author addresses the problem and has devised the solution of arousing metalinguistic awareness and humility in the nurses concerning the language they themselves speak.
Application: This article also relates effectively with our PICOT question since it raises the issue of the extent of linguistic barriers in nursing. The article provides key insight into how far the influence of a linguistic barrier can go and therefore it legitimizes the core problem of our PICOT question. It is the idea that the issue of linguistic barriers causes serious communication problems that can be addressed using frequent and orderly nursing rounds.
Article 4:
Permalink: http://ezproxy.acu.edu:3058/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMta%2b0Ua6k63nn5Kx95uXxjL6vrVGtqK5Jt5axUq%2bquEmzls5lpOrweezp33vy3%2b2G59q7Ra%2but0u1q69RtKukhN%2fk5VXj5KR84LPhhePa6z7y1%2bVVv8SkeeyzsUivqbZPrqakfu3o63nys%2bSN6uLyffbq&vid=0&sid=5be0b2ea-a8ca-46a3-92dd-e6e79cae3a83@pdc-v-sessmgr06 CITATION Shi18 \l 1033 (Shin, 2018)
Summary: The primary author of this study is Shin Nayeon who is from the Department of Nursing at Bundang CHA Hospital in Seongnam. This is a research article that was published following a study conducted with interventions of regularly timed nursing rounds with gaps of two to three hours. Before the interventions were practically carried out in a healthcare facility, the researchers devised six principles including knowing, being with, maintaining belief, enabling, doing for and patient’s wellness. They obtained the relevant scales for quantifying these principles from the Nursing Care Scale as well as a questionnaire to gauge patient’s satisfaction with the nursing care being provided to them. Results provided confirmation of a significant relationship between nursing rounds and quality of nursing care as well as betterment in patient satisfaction.
Application: By virtue of quantitatively asserting the statistical significance of regular nursing rounds for better communication with patients, this research article relates to our PICOT question. Our question searches for an answer to whether regular and frequent nursing rounds can be effective in making communication with patients better. The article proves the authenticity of our question and provides an answer to it.
Article 5:
Permalink: http://ezproxy.acu.edu:3058/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMta%2b0Ua6k63nn5Kx95uXxjL6vrVGtqK5Jt5axUq%2bquEmzls5lpOrweezp33vy3%2b2G59q7TLaotkuzqbdIpOLfhuWz44ak2uBV4dnrPvLX5VW%2fxKR57LOvSLGvsEmyrLc%2b5OXwhd%2fqu37z4uqM4%2b7y&vid=0&sid=dbfc2248-e4ee-4eea-8a18-2dee271bb893@sessionmgr102 CITATION Rei14 \l 1033 (Reimer, 2014)
Summary: The primary author for this literature-based study is Nicole Reimer who is from the Institute of Epidemiology at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut in the Isle of Riems. The authors of this study have conducted a wide literature search over several methods of conducting nursing rounds and the overall influence of those methods on the patient satisfaction as well as quality of care that is provided to the patient. There are several types of rounds that were implemented in a hematology/oncology unit to be assessed for this study. Researchers ensured daily rounds by unit educator and unit manager, interdisciplinary collaborative rounds, rounds by senior nursing managers and senior executives as well as patient rounds. Outcomes of all these rounds were found to be positive.
Application: This literature review has application in finding an answer to our PICOT question since the importance of nursing rounds is being emphasized as cause for improvement in patient satisfaction and safety. The study establishes the fact that these improvements happen because of a better communication and understanding of trust between the patient and their healthcare provider. Therefore, a correlation between nursing rounds and better direct communication with patients is invariably confirmed.
Article 6:
Permalink: http://ezproxy.acu.edu:3058/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMta%2b0Ua6k63nn5Kx95uXxjL6vrVGtqK5Jt5axUq%2bquEmzls5lpOrweezp33vy3%2b2G59q7RbSpsU%2bwprZQtJzqeezdu33snOJ6u9nrfeLjpIzf3btZzJzfhruotVGyprFOs5zkh%2fDj34y73POE6urjkPIA&vid=0&sid=8d3b3296-f4b6-4172-90b2-35223b382bea@pdc-v-sessmgr05 CITATION Gar17 \l 1033 (Garone, 2017)
Summary: The primary author of this study is Anja Garone who is from the Department of Linguistics at Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Brussels. This is also a literature-based study that looks at the importance of linguistic synchronization in nursing and its implications. As the world moves towards greater globalization and there is a positive emphasis on diversity and acceptance; the idea of only one language for nursing can lead to problems especially with patients not accustomed to communicating in the lingua franca. Globalization and internalization have created a situation where it is pivotal for nurses to be able to successfully interact with patients belonging to a multitude of languages and cultures. This study emphasizes on the use of CLIL (content and language integrated learning) in nursing programs to help soothe linguistic barriers between nurses and patients.
Application: This literature review directly talks about linguistic barriers between patients and nurses. Our PICOT question is all about suggesting a strategy to improve communication between patients and nurses when the two do not happen to converse in the same language. The study therefore maintains the fact that linguistic barriers drastically affect patient-nurse communication.
Article 7:
Permalink: http://ezproxy.acu.edu:2674/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMta%2b0Ua6k63nn5Kx95uXxjL6vrVGtqK5Jt5ayUq6tuEqyls5lpOrweezp33vy3%2b2G59q7Sbeot1CyrrJJsJzqeezdu33snOJ6u9nhhaTq33%2b7t8w%2b3%2bS7Sa6rsEyyqbFIpNztiuvX8lXk6%2bqE8tv2jAAA&vid=0&sid=44534331-3323-4209-a775-05e2e0f94576@sdc-v-sessmgr01 CITATION Car09 \l 1033 (Carnevale, 2009)
Summary: The primary author for this study is Franco Carnevale who is Assistant Director at the Ingram School of Nursing of McGill University in Montreal. This is a review article that is based on extensive literature search for the various serious ethical concerns around the linguistic barriers between nurses and their patients. The researchers found from their literature search that the major ethical concern with nurses and their patients speaking different languages is the fact that this can negatively influence the standard of healthcare provided to the patient and hence become the cause of discrimination. Researchers consulted the code of ethics laid out in the Canadian Nurses Association, the American Nurses Association and the International Council of Nurses. Their ethical concerns were confirmed.
Application: Our PICOT question demands a solution to the problem of poor communication with foreign patients who do not speak or understand English. In order to properly look for a solution such as nursing rounds, it is first significant to authorize that the problem is significant and validated enough. This literature study does that. By highlighting the ethical problems arising from linguistic barriers in nursing, this study confirms that there is a significant communication loss between nurses and patients due to a different language.
Article 8:
Permalink: http://ezproxy.acu.edu:3058/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMta%2b0Ua6k63nn5Kx95uXxjL6vrVGtqK5Jt5ayUrCruEyvls5lpOrweezp33vy3%2b2G59q7Ra%2bvtE6wqrRMsqukhN%2fk5VXj5KR84LPhhePa6z7y1%2bVVv8SkeeyzsEyyqbZMsqykfu3o63nys%2bSN6uLyffbq&vid=0&sid=3e37cead-bbc0-4904-b4f1-7d56f881b22c@pdc-v-sessmgr01 CITATION Fab15 \l 1033 (Fabry, 2015)
Summary: The author of this study is Donna Fabry who is from the School of Nursing at the State University of New York in Amherst. This is an article based on a survey that was conducted on nursing staff at six healthcare facilities. The unique purpose of this study was to gauge the influence of regular nursing rounds on the nursing staff. This is in correlation to the already researched idea that patient safety and satisfaction rates are higher with nursing rounds. This study observed the influence of these rounds on the nursing staff. Most of the results obtained from this study concluded that deriving satisfaction from nursing rounds varied across the different job descriptions of various nurses.
Application: This study is also important for our PICOT question because this is a different take on the nursing rounds that we have presented in our question. Since the communication that is so vital in our question is two-way and involves both nurses and patients, it is important to understand that nursing rounds benefit nurses as well.
References
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bright, F. A. (2015). A conceptual review of engagement in healthcare and rehabilitation. Disability and rehabilitation, 643-654.
Carnevale, F. A.-B. (2009). Ethical considerations in cross-linguistic nursing. Nursing Ethics, 813-826.
Daniels, J. F. (2016). Purposeful and timely nursing rounds: a best practice implementation project. JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports, 248-261.
Fabry, D. (2015). Hourly rounding: perspectives and perceptions of the frontline nursing staff. Journal of nursing management, 200-210.
Garone, A. &. (2017). The role of language skills and internationalization in nursing degree programmes: A literature review. Nurse education today, 140-144.
Peled, Y. (2018). Language barriers and epistemic injustice in healthcare settings. Bioethics, 360-367.
Reimer, N. &. (2014). Round and round we go: rounding strategies to impact exemplary professional practice. Clinical journal of oncology nursing, 654-660.
Shin, N. &. (2018). The Effect of Intentional Nursing Rounds Based on the Care Model on Patients' Perceived Nursing Quality and their Satisfaction with Nursing Services. Asian nursing research, 203-208.
