Advanced Pharmacology

Advanced Pharmacology

Taobat Tadese

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Advanced Pharmacology

Among pneumonia patients, the comorbid conditions may appear including pneumonia, hyperlipidemia, COPD, and HTN. This discussion will be focusing on a patient who was suffering from pneumonia but later, had some complaints of nausea and vomiting. Medication for his treatment will be revised, considering his complaints. Sometimes, high antibiotics can result in symptoms of nausea and vomiting.

Based on the symptoms of the patient, it can be said that these are the results of giving him a high dose of antibiotics. These high doses of antibiotics include Azithromycin (500 mg) and Ceftriaxone injection. This can result in adverse reactions and allergies sometimes, whereas, nausea and vomiting are two of the adverse reactions of high dosage of antibiotics ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"cGfJHn3j","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gleckman & Czachor, 2000)","plainCitation":"(Gleckman & Czachor, 2000)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1708,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/F2QXL3AX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/F2QXL3AX"],"itemData":{"id":1708,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Antibiotic side effects","container-title":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","publisher":"Copyright© 2000 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New …","page":"0061-0070","volume":"21","ISBN":"1069-3424","author":[{"family":"Gleckman","given":"Richard A."},{"family":"Czachor","given":"John S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gleckman & Czachor, 2000). There are also likely chances that a patient is allergic to penicillin and he has been given Azithromycin ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VNSoSdZ9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Turner, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Turner, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1065,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8FW8VB9P"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/8FW8VB9P"],"itemData":{"id":1065,"type":"article-journal","title":"Generation Z: Technology and social interest","container-title":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","page":"103-113","volume":"71","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Turner","given":"Anthony"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Turner, 2015). In clinical practice, these are common symptoms but in the case of this patient who is encountering complex comorbidities. This patient has pneumonia, hyperlipidemia, COPD, and HTN. Along with these, blood pressure is high and White Blood Cell count has decreased. Considering these, it is important to revise the medical plans to minimize the higher levels of blood pressure, nausea, and vomiting.

In this case, the patient needs to be treated according to the symptoms. I/v Metoclopramide injection can be suggested that is an anti-emetic (anti-vomiting) injection ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"46f54ZTQ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lee & Kuo, 2010)","plainCitation":"(Lee & Kuo, 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1715,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/A9A9FDV2"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/A9A9FDV2"],"itemData":{"id":1715,"type":"article-journal","title":"Metoclopramide in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis","container-title":"Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism","page":"653-662","volume":"5","issue":"5","author":[{"family":"Lee","given":"Allen"},{"family":"Kuo","given":"Braden"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lee & Kuo, 2010). Gravitate can be also recommended for this patient. This will help this patient to overcome symptoms of nausea and vomiting. To overcome hypertension, it is important for the patient to recommend antihypertensive drugs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"fz8l3j5D","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Contreras et al., 2000)","plainCitation":"(Contreras et al., 2000)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1717,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/6JI3IQ95"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/6JI3IQ95"],"itemData":{"id":1717,"type":"article-journal","title":"Diabetes and hypertension physiopathology and therapeutics","container-title":"Journal of human hypertension","page":"S26-S31","volume":"14","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Contreras","given":"F."},{"family":"Rivera","given":"M."},{"family":"Vasquez","given":"J."},{"family":"De la Parte","given":"M. A."},{"family":"Velasco","given":"M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Contreras et al., 2000). As patient is also not being able to digest properly that is why a soft diet would be a priority. A vegan diet and fluids will be helpful for the patient to overcome nausea and vomiting.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Contreras, F., Rivera, M., Vasquez, J., De la Parte, M. A., & Velasco, M. (2000). Diabetes and hypertension physiopathology and therapeutics. Journal of Human Hypertension, 14(1), S26–S31.

Gleckman, R. A., & Czachor, J. S. (2000). Antibiotic side effects. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 21, 0061–0070.

Lee, A., & Kuo, B. (2010). Metoclopramide in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 5(5), 653–662.

Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103–113.