Discussion

Name

Instructor

Course

Date

Discussion

Climate change affects Earth's pole and seasons in the shape of frequent catastrophic weather events ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"DkOinwaF","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hall)","plainCitation":"(Hall)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/C7z1ih1C/items/CTPIP2GD"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/C7z1ih1C/items/CTPIP2GD"],"itemData":{"id":2,"type":"article-magazine","title":"Earth Is Tipping Because of Climate Change","container-title":"Scientific American","author":[{"family":"Hall","given":"Shannon"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",4]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hall). Abnormal drifting of north and south poles has caused a change in seasons due to changing of rain pattern and ice melting. Drifting of poles occurs due to certain reasons most importantly, sun and moon pull. Besides, the motion of mantle and core of earth also causes the wobbling of poles. Drastic alterations on the surface of the earth can also cause the drifting of poles which in turn is responsible for the change in seasons. One of the main reason for wobbles in poles is that due to shifting of ice of huge mass drift the pole to one side. The melting of heavy ice on a large scale due to sun heat causes the reduction of mass on one side and results in increasing the water level of oceans. That is why the poles are changing their nature and drifts. As mass shifts on one side, it loses the ice and in response less rain will occur on the mass losing side and it will most likely lead to droughts and seasonal abnormalities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"gHajAiem","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Null and Prudencio)","plainCitation":"(Null and Prudencio)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":4,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/C7z1ih1C/items/Z5JFZNBI"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/C7z1ih1C/items/Z5JFZNBI"],"itemData":{"id":4,"type":"article-journal","title":"Climate change effects on water allocations with season dependent water rights","container-title":"Science of the Total Environment","page":"943-954","volume":"571","source":"EBSCOhost","DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.081","ISSN":"00489697","journalAbbreviation":"Science of the Total Environment","author":[{"family":"Null","given":"Sarah E."},{"family":"Prudencio","given":"Liana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",11,15]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Null and Prudencio).

Scientists haven’t yet confirmed that these events occur due to human actions but it is believed that man does have a role in the creation of these events. Sudden, drastic and increased melting of ice, eastward turn of poles in 2000 and dryness in Eurasia are some of the accidents that explain the role of pole drifting and its effect on climate change and seasons of the earth. Recent studies suggested that such events have greatly affected the cycle of seasons as the soil temperature rises in summers and decreases in winter seasons more than the normal range. It causes the abnormal nitrogen intake by plants, which in turn have a huge effect over the plants' growth ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kWCb5pS9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sadozai et al.)","plainCitation":"(Sadozai et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":3,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/C7z1ih1C/items/NGPD9VML"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/C7z1ih1C/items/NGPD9VML"],"itemData":{"id":3,"type":"article-journal","title":"Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Productivity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.","container-title":"Sarhad Journal of Agriculture","volume":"35","issue":"1","URL":"https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.lasc.idm.oclc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=32b72baf-9e06-4df2-b4ce-7aa9f98ee06c%40sessionmgr4007","author":[{"family":"Sadozai","given":"Khuram Nawaz"},{"family":"Khan","given":"Noor Paio"},{"family":"Jan","given":"Abbas Ullah"},{"family":"Hameed","given":"Gulnaz"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sadozai et al.). It will increase over the century to a damaging level. Temperature changes in sea surface are caused by insolation and effect season by changing the pattern of rain and el Nino ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"mB0kbqX5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Braconnot et al.)","plainCitation":"(Braconnot et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":8,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/C7z1ih1C/items/N97L5Z38"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/C7z1ih1C/items/N97L5Z38"],"itemData":{"id":8,"type":"article-journal","title":"Impact of Earth's orbit and freshwater fluxes on Holocene climate mean seasonal cycle and ENSO characteristics","container-title":"Climate Dynamics","page":"1081-1092","volume":"38","issue":"5/6","source":"EBSCOhost","abstract":"We use a state-of-the-art 3-dimensional coupled model to investigate the relative impact of long term variations in the Holocene insolation forcing and of a freshwater release in the North Atlantic. We show that insolation has a greater effect on seasonality and La Niña events and is the major driver of sea surface temperature changes. In contrast, the variations in precipitation reflect changes in El Niño events. The impact of ice-sheet melting may have offset the impact of insolation on El Niño Southern Oscillation variability at the beginning of the Holocene. These simulations provide a coherent framework to refine the interpretation of proxy data and show that changes in seasonality may bias the projection of relationships established between proxy indicators and climate variations in the east Pacific from present day records.","DOI":"10.1007/s00382-011-1029-x","ISSN":"09307575","journalAbbreviation":"Climate Dynamics","author":[{"family":"Braconnot","given":"P."},{"family":"Luan","given":"Y."},{"family":"Brewer","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Zheng","given":"W."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",3]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Braconnot et al.).

This scientific study has its limitations too in terms of methods of observation and evidence hierarchy. It is not completely clear to the scientists if the events that cause these drastic drifting of poles is because of human actions or is it a natural phenomenon. The observational data is available only since 1899 onwards and there is lack of evidence of universal events. Besides, there are multiple reasons for events like the drifting of poles. The wobbling of poles could be part of nature as the poles usually return to its origin with time again and again. Earth rotation and gravitation might also be playing a role in the shifting of ocean water from continents and increasing the mass of one pole. Due to the lack of technological advances in the past like gravitational positioning systems and satellites in the past, it is hard to provide evidence or reasoning for the events that have caused climate change.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[[["http://zotero.org/users/local/C7z1ih1C/items/NGPD9VML"],"Sadozai, Khuram Nawaz, et al. \\uc0\\u8220{}Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Productivity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.\\uc0\\u8221{} {\\i{}Sarhad Journal of Agriculture}, vol. 35, no. 1, 2019"]]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Braconnot, P., et al. “Impact of Earth’s Orbit and Freshwater Fluxes on Holocene Climate Mean Seasonal Cycle and ENSO Characteristics.” Climate Dynamics, vol. 38, no. 5/6, Mar. 2012, pp. 1081–92. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1029-x.

Hall, Shannon. “Earth Is Tipping Because of Climate Change.” Scientific American, Apr. 2016.

Null, Sarah E., and Liana Prudencio. “Climate Change Effects on Water Allocations with Season Dependent Water Rights.” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 571, Nov. 2016, pp. 943–54. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.081.

Sadozai, Khuram Nawaz, et al. “Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Productivity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.” Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 35, no. 1, 2019