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Krasnoyarsk is the largest industrial, transport and cultural center of Eastern Siberia, the capital of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, located in the center of Russia, on the banks of the great Yenisei River. Founded in 1628. The distance from Krasnoyarsk to Moscow is 3955 km.
On the left bank of the river. Yenisei Krasnoyarsk stretched for 25 km, on the right - for 35 km. The total area of the city is 379.5 km2. Population - 1017.226 thousand people. Sights of Krasnoyarsk are Paraskeva Pyatnitsa chapel, railway station, numerous architectural ensembles, historical gates, clock tower, Krasnoyarsk bridges, fountains, monuments. The city has dozens of fountains, more than 170 cultural heritage sites of regional and national importance, the total number of public gardens, parks, boulevards and squares is 121. Given the urban forests, in terms of per inhabitant, the number of green spaces is 86.4 m². (Koptseva, Natalia2107)
Krasnoyarsk is the forge of Olympic champions. Krasnoyarsk is distinguished by unique landscapes, mountain landscapes, the mighty Siberian forest, the Stolby reserve, the park of flora and fauna Roev Ruchey, an arboretum and sports complexes on Tatyshev Island, a botanical garden. In the park of flora and fauna "Swarm Creek" contains more than 6888 animals, represented by 728 species, of which 325 species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
The Yenisei River is the deepest river in Russia and one of the greatest rivers in the world. Its length is 4,100 km (second only to Lena and Amur). The prevailing width is 500-600 m and the depth are up to 6 m. The volume of the flow is p. The Yenisei at the mouth is 600 km³ / year (the flow volume of the Volga River is 238 km³ / year). The average annual water temperature is 5.2 ° C. The flow velocity is 4-5 m / s. On the river. There are 3 hydroelectric power stations in Yenisei, including Krasnoyarsk, Main and Sayano-Shushenskaya.
About 50 species of fish live in the Yenisei. The most valuable species of fish are Siberian sturgeon, sterlet, nelma, taimen, lenok, whitefish, chir, muksun. After the construction of the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station, bream, omul and carp acclimatized. Krasnoyarsk is located in a zone of sharply central weather with extended cold winters and brief hot summers. Large heating boilers to create the conditions for the dispersion of harmful substances in the atmospheric air are equipped with high emission sources and efficient gas cleaning facilities (electrostatic precipitators, etc.).
Culture of communication with nature
Every citizen has the right to a favorable environment, to its protection from the negative impact caused by economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergency situations, to reliable information about the state of the environment and to compensation for environmental damage”. (Belokrylova2018)
Decisions on the placement of objects whose economic activity may reason damage to the environment are made taking into account the opinion of the population.
Citizens are obliged to take care of nature and natural wealth.
A natural object is a natural ecological system, a natural landscape and its constituent elements that have retained their natural properties.
Natural-anthropogenic object - a natural object, changed as a result of economic and other activities, and (or) an object created by man, possessing the properties of a natural object and having a recreational and protective value.
An anthropogenic object is an object created by man for his social needs and not possessing the properties of natural objects.
Construction, reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other substances should be carried out on permitted plans in acquiescence with the rations of technical guidelines in the field of environmental protection. Construction and reconstruction of buildings, assemblies, structures and other objects before the approval of projects and land allocation in kind, as well as changing projects to the detriment of environmental protection requirements, is prohibited. (Vera 2011)
In relation to the strategic financial and other actions that may have a direct or indirect effect on the atmosphere, an environmental impact assessment is carried out nevertheless of the administrative and legal procedures of ownership of business and other entities. (Ignatyeva2013) In case of violation of the requirements in the field of environmental protection, the full termination of the placement, strategy, creation, rebuilding, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures and facilities and other objects is carried out on the basis of a court decision or arbitration court.
Water protection zones in accordance with the Water Code of the Russian Federation are areas adjacent to the shoreline of water bodies with a special mode of economic activity, to prevent contamination, blockage and exhaustion of water builds. The width of water protection zones for rivers or streams with a length of up to 10 km is set at 50 m, from 10 - 50 km - 100 m, from 50 km and more - 200 m. (Ignatyeva2013)
Fish protection zones are terrains together to the water area of a fishery water body, where restrictions are imposed in order to protect spawning grounds and habitats of valuable fish species. Fish protection zones of rivers are designated by special signs, their width coincides with the width of water protection zones. The width of the fish protection zone of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir p. Yenisei is 200 meters. Fisheries and water protection zones for rivers, streams or their parts placed in closed collectors are not established.
The coastline is a strip of public land along the shoreline of a water body. Every citizen has the right (without the use of motor vehicles) to use the coastal strip for movement and stay at a water body of general use, including for fishing and mooring of craft. The width of the shoreline of water bodies is 20 m, with the exception of canals, small rivers and streams up to 10 km in length, whose shoreline width is 5 m. (Koptseva, Natalia2017)
Privatization of land within the coastal line should be prohibited.
Owners, owners and users of land plots adjacent to surface water bodies may use water bodies for their needs to the extent that this does not violate the rights and legitimate interests of others, must comply with the restrictions established for water protection zones. The green fund of the city is a combination of green areas, including covered with trees, shrubs and grassy vegetation of the territories within the city borders.
In accordance with the Forest Code of the Russian Federation, urban forests are classified as protective forests and are to be used and developed in order to preserve environment-forming, water protection, sanitary and hygienic, recreational and other useful functions.
The rules for the use of forests for recreational activities provide for the availability of title documents for forest areas. For municipal and state institutions - permanent (unlimited) use, to other persons - for rent. The use of forests for recreational activities should not impede the right of citizens to come to the forests.
When carrying out recreational activities in forests, damage to forest stands, vegetation and soil outside the provided forest area, cluttering of the area of the provided forest area and adjacent territories with garbage, other types of waste, passage of vehicles and other mechanisms along arbitrary, unidentified routes are not allowed. It should be remembered that in areas occupied by greenery, it is forbidden to make fires, litter, organize landfills, and in the city - use open fire in places not established for these purposes.
References
Belokrylova, Ekaterina A. "Environmental Law and Policy in the Russian Federation: An Overview." Handbook of Environmental Materials Management (2018): 1-21. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-58538-3_103-
Ignatyeva, Inna A. "Environmental Assessment in Russian Law: Can It Promote Sustainable Development in the Russian Arctic?" The Yearbook of Polar Law Online 5, no. 1 (2013): 321-336. https://brill.com/view/journals/yplo/5/1/article-p321_13.xml
Koptseva, Natalia P., and Natalia N. Seredkina. "The History of Studying Climate Change in the Krasnoyarsk Territory." (2017). http://elib.sfu-kras.ru/handle/2311/34777
Vera Ovcharenko. “National Report Concerning the Baltic Green Belt (the coastal zone),RUSSIA(2011): https://www.ccb.se/documents/Nationalreport_RUSSIA.pdf
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