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Canada Warming at Twice the Global Rate
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Canada’s temperature is increasing a lot faster than the rest of the world. This was revealed in “Canada’s Changing Global Climate Report”. The report was specially made by Canadian Government website that deals with Environment and climate change. The report mentioned that Canada’s climate is changing and will continue to change at a double rate as compared to global warming ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"zUZ42de8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Canada\\uc0\\u8217{}s Changing Climate Report,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Canada’s Changing Climate Report,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":137,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/cYhHNKoU/items/LBHU86V5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/cYhHNKoU/items/LBHU86V5"],"itemData":{"id":137,"type":"post-weblog","title":"Canada’s Changing Climate Report","URL":"https://changingclimate.ca/CCCR2019/","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Canada’s Changing Climate Report,” n.d.). The report also covered some of the key points that were resulting in the increase of Canada’s temperature. The report highlighted that the rise in Canada’s temperature is due to “human influence”. The report also stated that there were more rains in Canada than snow since 1948 and this trend is likely to continue in the 21st century. The temperature ranges have also changed which means that the extreme value of hot temperature is increasing so is the value of extreme cold temperature CITATION Mck15 \l 1033 (Mckinney, et al., 2015). The extreme hot temperature is likely to become hotter and intense. The percentage of land that was covered by snow has decreased over the past 30 years. The sea level is increasing which means that the chance of flooding has also increased. The report also stated that there will also be a shortage of freshwater because of the warmer summers as more water will evaporate and less water will be available for drinking and usage purpose CITATION Sea16 \l 1033 (Searle & Chen, 2016).
The report however, didn’t included any new thing as all of this was predominantly visible to many researchers. The temperature of the north American continent is specially affected by the changes in the environment. However, Canada as whole is even warming twice as much as any other country CITATION Tak18 \l 1033 (Takhsha, et al., 2018). In the northern Canada, the annual temperature has increased by almost 2.3 C ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"yJCbLwhY","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Apr 01 & April 5, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Apr 01 & April 5, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":139,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/cYhHNKoU/items/TNB4UST7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/cYhHNKoU/items/TNB4UST7"],"itemData":{"id":139,"type":"webpage","title":"Canada warming at twice the global rate, leaked report finds | CBC News","container-title":"CBC","abstract":"A leaked copy of a government report on climate change says that since 1948, Canada's annual average temperature over land has warmed 1.7 C, with higher rates seen in the North, the Prairies and northern British Columbia.","URL":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/canada-warming-at-twice-the-global-rate-leaked-report-finds-1.5079765","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Apr 01","given":"CBC News · Posted:"},{"family":"April 5","given":"2019 3:17 PM ET | Last Updated:"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,1]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Apr 01 & April 5, 2019). The effects of rise in temperature will be even more evident as it is dangerous to the very existence of the country. Canada is all about glaciers and beautiful coastlines, however, the rise of temperature is shortening the well-known winters of the country by converting snows into rain falls CITATION LiG18 \l 1033 (Li, et al., 2018). One of the major reasons of this rise in temperature is the global increase in the emission of carbon dioxide and if serious steps are not taken against it, the situation will only get worse. The rise in global temperature is much higher than anything that the world has ever experienced and it is affecting the country specifically and the world as a whole CITATION Dav16 \l 1033 (Davenport, Hossack, & Fishback, 2016).
Hotter temperature in the country means that the risks of heatwaves and wildfires as well as draughts can increase exponentially in the coming decades. The oceans are expected to be more polluted with increase in acidity and reduction in oxygen level. This is not only affecting human life but also will affect hugely on marine life CITATION Gon17 \l 1033 (Gonsamo, Chen, Colombo, Ter-Mikaelian, & Chen, 2017). On the land, the famous polar bears will find it difficult without extensive snows. In few decades, parts of the Canada’s Arctic ocean will face ice free periods. Not only the rise in sea level will cause more flooding but the increased rain fall will also amplify the risks of flooding CITATION Zho17 \l 1033 (Zhou, Huang, Baetz, Wang, & Cheng, 2017).
The government of Canada is taking extensive steps at federal level and have also warned the provinces two years ago and told them to contribute towards the reduction targets of the country. The federal government have accused Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and New Brunswick of failing to reach their target of reduction CITATION San15 \l 1033 (Sand, et al., 2015). The government is also planning to add a carbon tax to the fuel i.e. is equal to 4.4 Canadian cents per liter which will almost double by that of 2022. The Government is also planning to introduce “Climate Action Incentives” to compensate households CITATION Zho18 \l 1033 (Zhou, Huang, Wang, & Cheng, 2018).
References
BIBLIOGRAPHY Davenport, J. M., Hossack, B. R., & Fishback, L. (2016). Additive impacts of experimental climate change increase risk to an ectotherm at the Arctic's edge. Global Change Biology, 23(6). Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.13543
Gonsamo, A., Chen, J. M., Colombo, S. J., Ter-Mikaelian, M. T., & Chen, J. (2017). Global change induced biomass growth offsets carbon released via increased forest fire and respiration of the central Canadian boreal forest. Advancing Earth and Space Science, 122(5). Retrieved from https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JG003627
Hori, Y., Gough, W. A., Butler, K., & Tsuji, L. J. (2017). Trends in the seasonal length and opening dates of a winter road in the western James Bay region, Ontario, Canada. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 129(3-4), 1309-1320. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-016-1855-1
Li, G., Zhang, X., Cannon, A. J., Murdock, T., Sobie, S., & Zwiers, F. (2018). Indices of Canada’s future climate for general and agricultural adaptation applications. Climate Change, 148(1-2), 249-263. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-018-2199-x
Mckinney, M. A., Pedro, S., Dietz, R., Sonne, C., Fisk, A. T., Roy, D., . . . Letcher, R. J. (2015). A review of ecological impacts of global climate change on persistent organic pollutant and mercury pathways and exposures in arctic marine ecosystems. Current Zoology, 61(4), 617-628. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/cz/article/61/4/617/1803137
Qinghua Ding, A. S.-C.-W. (2017). Influence of high-latitude atmospheric circulation changes on summertime Arctic sea ice. Natural Climate Change, 289-295. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3241
Sand, M., Berntsen, T. K., Salzen, K. V., Flanner, M., Langner, J., & Victor, D. G. (2015). Response of Arctic temperature to changes in emissions of short-lived climate forcers. Natural Climate Change, 6, 286-289. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2880
Searle, E. B., & Chen, H. Y. (2016). Persistent and pervasive compositional shifts of western boreal forest plots in Canada. Global Change Biology, 23(2). Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.13420
Takhsha, M., Nikiéma, O., Lucas-Picher, P., Laprise, R., Hernández-Díaz, L., & Winger, K. (2018). Dynamical downscaling with the fifth-generation Canadian regional climate model (CRCM5) over the CORDEX Arctic domain: effect of large-scale spectral nudging and of empirical correction of sea-surface temperature. Climate Dynamics, 51(1-2), 161-186. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-017-3912-6
Trishchenko, A. P., & Wang, S. (2018). Variations of Climate, Surface Energy Budget, and Minimum Snow/Ice Extent over Canadian Arctic Landmass for 2000–16. Advancing Science. Retrieved from https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0198.1
Zhou, X., Huang, G., Baetz, B. W., Wang, X., & Cheng, G. (2017). PRECIS‐projected increases in temperature and precipitation over Canada. Royal Metereological Society. Retrieved from https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/qj.3231
Zhou, X., Huang, G., Wang, X., & Cheng, G. (2018). Future Changes in Precipitation Extremes Over Canada: Driving Factors and Inherent Mechanism. Advancing Earth and Space Science, 123(11). Retrieved from https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2017JD027735
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