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Abortion in the American Society and Women using self-medication for terminating pregnancies
Introduction
One of the most controversial and divisive issues in the American society is Abortion. The practice of abortion is getting common in America now days. Many anti-abortion laws have been forced in the 20th and 21st centuries to eliminate this issue. About 52% of the Americans have abortions every year.
“The issue of abortion elicits what psychoanalysts might term a vertical split— i.e., holding opposing views at the same time. One view is ongoing, that abortion is wrong since it destroys a human being. The opposing view is situational, that given the circumstances, the pregnancy cannot be sustained.”
Stotland, N. L. (2018). Abortion in America: the war on women is not hyperbole. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(11), 862–864.
The above bibliography is of a journal article that is a report of scientific research. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the issues related to abortion. The author of this article is Nada L. Stotland. He is a private consultant at the Lancet Psychiatry, London. The intended audience of this article is the American adults who are favoring a government that is against the abortion rights.
The issue of abortion is viewed from different perspectives. One view is that the destruction of life is morally wrong while the other view is that pregnancy should be carried out if the circumstances are not in favor of the female. This article is an argument on the government who uses abortion as a tool for politics and lie about abortion. They say that they care about the lives while they do not provide support and health care for mothers and children.
“Lack of access to safe abortion is also a human rights issue which deeply affects women's reproductive rights and body autonomy. The history of women self-managing abortion with pills creates a paradigm shift for realizing the full potential of medical abortion, regardless of the legal restrictions of any country and the availability of a clinician.”
Jelinska, K., & Yanow, S. (2018). Putting abortion pills into women’s hands: realizing the full potential of medical abortion. Contraception, 97(2), 86–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2017.05.019
It is a journal article written by HYPERLINK "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010782417303724" \l "!" Kinga Jelinska (corresponding author) and Susan Yanow (author). It aims at spreading awareness about the self-medication during abortion and its side effects and women are the intended audience.
The importance of knowledge about medicines and their side effects is discussed in this article. Abortion pills should not be available locally so that women can easily access them and use without consulting doctors. This source can be used to carry further research related to the topic as it contains useful information about the topic.
“Even as abortion law has remained unchanged in recent decades, feminist activism and new pharmaceutical technology have created opportunities for insider activists to expand access.”
McReynolds-Pérez, J. (2017). Abortion as empowerment: reproductive rights activism in a legally restricted context. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(2), 350. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1498-y
This journal article by Julia McReynolds-Pérez is a scientific research report that focuses on the issue of providing the facilities of pregnancy termination without any legal restrictions.
The health assistants who take the role of an activist and provide the facility of abortion to the women without any legal procedure are discussed in this article. It is argued that women have a right to plan their future and if they are refused of terminating the pregnancy, it causes severe mental and psychological issues to them.
“The introduction of telemedicine at Planned Parenthood of the Heartland clinics was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of abortions that were performed with medication and a significant reduction in abortions performed after 12 weeks of gestation.”
Grossman, D., & Grindlay, K. (2017). Safety of Medical Abortion Provided Through Telemedicine Compared with In Person. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 130(4), 778. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002212
This is the bibliography of a journal article by Daniel MD Grossman and Kate Grindlay. It is about the awareness regarding safety of women during abortion using the telemedicine. The intended audience of this article are the citizens who use self-medication for abortion.
It is a comparison and contrast between the people who use telemedicine and consult the parenthood planning advisors for terminating pregnancy and those who terminated pregnancy after twelve weeks of gestation.
“Unsafe abortion continues to be a major cause of maternal death; it accounts for 14.5% of all maternal deaths globally and almost all of these deaths occur in countries with restrictive abortion laws.”
Faúndes, A., & Shah, I. H. (2015). Evidence supporting broader access to safe legal abortion. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 131(S1), S56–S59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.03.018
This article by Anibal Faundes and Iqbal H. Shah is a report of scientific research that was published in 2015. It aims at providing a better understanding about the safe abortion services, especially for poor women. Young girls and women are the intended audience in this article.
The effects of unsafe abortion are adverse and dangerous. It can even result in death of the mother, as the applied practice of abortion is not safe. Maternal deaths during abortion mostly take place in the countries where abortion is restricted or legally permitted but the sources are not accessible.
“The unmet need for safe abortion care by formal health providers has prompted the development of several types of online services that facilitate access to abortion medications for self-use.”
Endler, M., Cleeve, A., & Gemzell-Danielsson, K. (2019). Online access to abortion medications: a review of utilization and clinical outcomes. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.06.009
The above bibliography is of a journal article- scientific research report. HYPERLINK "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521693419300884" \l "!" Margit Endler, HYPERLINK "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521693419300884" \l "!" Amanda Cleeve and HYPERLINK "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521693419300884" \l "!" Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson have written it. It shows that women now days are increasingly using the abortion medication themselves after online access.
The intended audience of this article are women and girls. The demand for abortion medicines online is very high now days as women tend to access these medicines and seek online help for guidance of the proper. The safety and protection of these online informal channels depends on the type of provider and the offered services.
“At the very least, the crime of abortion entered our law as a means of protecting human life against deliberate destruction. The law, however, was not competent to determine for itself when human life began in utero. Rather, it took the cooperative effort of law and contemporary science to make the decisive test.”
Byrn, R. M. (2016). The Abortion Question: A Nonsectarian Approach. 11(4), 8.
The above is a journal article by Robert M. Byrn who has written this article as a reminder for the people of the United States about the American law passed almost forty years ago that restricted abortion saying that the fetus is also human life, it should not be killed. The intended audience of this article are the girls and women who do not care about having an abortion.
According to the religious and ethical beliefs of Americans, abortion is the destruction of human life and no human has the right to destroy another life. The background information in this article can be used in further research about the changing laws in America related to abortion.
“Although many factors influence the pregnant teenager’s decision to terminate or continue her pregnancy, the risks of morbidity and mortality are important considerations.”
Cates, W., Schulz, K. F., & Grimes, D. A. (1983). The Risks Associated with Teenage Abortion. New England Journal of Medicine, 309(11), 621–624. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198309153091101
This is the bibliography of a journal article written by Willard Cates, Jr., Kenneth F. Schulz, and David A. Grimes. The intended audience is teenage girls and their mothers. This article is a comparison of the effects of abortion on teenage girls and adult women.
The authors in this article have discussed the risks of abortion for teenage girls and compared them with the women. The studies analyzed in the article show that teenage girls have lower risks of side effects as compared to women. However, the risk of cervical injury during abortion is higher in teenagers than adults.
“Pro-abortion and anti-abortion advocates have different reactions to the decline in abortion rates depending on the reasons they perceive behind this decline. The falling abortion rate has been attributed both to increasing legal restrictions and to the use of more effective contraceptive methods. While anti-abortion proponents contend the new laws that curtail access primarily are responsible for recent declines, current research provides little support for this.”
Beckman, L. J. (2017). Abortion in the United States: The continuing controversy: Feminism & Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353516685345
Linda J. Beckman has written this journal article keeping in view the great controversy of the United States i.e. abortion. This is a scientific research report that provides evidence for the long debate on the issue of abortion and the anti-abortion laws. The intended audience is the whole American nation that is engaged in this controversial issue for many years.
The stable attitudes of Americans regarding the issue of abortion are discussed in this article. It is proved that the supporters of anti-abortion law are successful as abortion is legally restricted in the United States.
“Consequently, when policies on abortion are grounded on ethical principles, they tend to be inherently controversial. On one hand, there is a wide variation in laws from one country to another and, on the other, the policies of any given country risk fluctuating as power changes hands from one party to another.”
Alvargonzález, D. (2017). Towards a non-ethics-based consensual public policy on abortion. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 32(1), e39–e46. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2320
The above bibliography is of a journal article written by David Alvargonzález. Abortion is one of the biggest controversial issues in the United States that has been discussed in this article. The ethical debates between pro-life and pro-choice supporters has become a political agenda that is mentioned by the author.
The intended audience are the supporters of these ethical debates. It is a comparison between the debates of pro-life and pro-choice supporters regarding unintended pregnancies and the difference between effective contraception and abortion.
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