Discussion Board 2
Discussion Board 2
The word model minority was invented to designate the unexpected capability of Asian Americans to withstand the hardships to prosper in the American community, 50 years back. The model subsidized the importance and prioritization of health inequalities by Asian Americans. Asian Americans differ from other groups in America in cultures, education, immigration experiences, and occupational skills. They comprised 5.6% of the United States populace.
Ethnic Group: Asian Americans
The ethnic group’s perception of communication
Asian Americans are less likely to be offered to become part of decision making by the physicians and nurses. This is due to the cultural variations in communication ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"amin41le2o","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ngo-Metzger, Legedza, & Phillips, 2004)","plainCitation":"(Ngo-Metzger, Legedza, & Phillips, 2004)"},"citationItems":[{"id":474,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/PSVY6U9G"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/PSVY6U9G"],"itemData":{"id":474,"type":"article-journal","title":"Asian Americans’ Reports of Their Health Care Experiences","container-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine","page":"111-119","volume":"19","issue":"2","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"OBJECTIVE\nTo examine how Asian race/ethnicity affects patients’ health care experiences and satisfaction with care.\n\nDESIGN\nTelephone interview using random-digit dialing, stratified to over-sample adults living in areas with disproportionately large numbers of minorities.\n\nPARTICIPANTS AND SETTING\nWhite (N = 3,205) and Asian-American (N = 521) respondents, weighted to represent all such adults living in the continental U.S. in telephone households.\n\nMEASUREMENTS\nReports of health care experiences and trust in the doctor at the last visit, and overall satisfaction with care and desire to change doctors in the last 2 years.\n\nMAIN RESULTS\nAsian Americans were less likely than whites to report that their doctors ever talked to them about lifestyle or mental health issues (P ≤ .01). They were more likely to report that their regular doctors did not understand their background and values (P ≤ .01). When asked about the last visit, they were more likely to report that their doctors did not listen, spend as much time, or involve them in decisions about care as much as they wanted (all P ≤ .0001). In multivariable analyses, Asian Americans were less likely than whites to report that they were very satisfied with care (odds ratio [OR], 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.99). However, they were not significantly less likely than whites to trust their doctors (OR, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.20), or to change doctors (OR, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.56).\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nIn a national survey, Asian Americans were less likely to receive counseling and less likely to report positive interactions with their doctors than white respondents. More research is needed to determine the reasons for these differences.","DOI":"10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30143.x","ISSN":"0884-8734","note":"PMID: 15009790\nPMCID: PMC1492145","journalAbbreviation":"J Gen Intern Med","author":[{"family":"Ngo-Metzger","given":"Quyen"},{"family":"Legedza","given":"Anna T R"},{"family":"Phillips","given":"Russell S"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004",2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ngo-Metzger, Legedza, & Phillips, 2004). For instance, Asians frequently nod and smile to demonstrate admiration for the consultant which is usually misinterpreted. Physicians and nurses usually failed to found direct communication with these patients as they are unable to explain whether they have any problem with the treatment plan or not ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a24d0upj365","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Toh et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Toh et al., 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":364,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/3NIB68IF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/3NIB68IF"],"itemData":{"id":364,"type":"article-journal","title":"Jonsen’s Four Topics Approach as a Framework for Clinical Ethics Consultation","container-title":"Asian Bioethics Review","page":"37-51","volume":"10","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Toh","given":"Hui Jin"},{"family":"Low","given":"James Alvin"},{"family":"Lim","given":"Zhen Yu"},{"family":"Lim","given":"Yvonne"},{"family":"Siddiqui","given":"Shahla"},{"family":"Tan","given":"Lawrence"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Toh et al., 2018). They cannot display agreement or disagreement with any treatment plan or other issues related to health. However, they have been treated as a minority and suffered from ethnic discrimination in the healthcare facilities.
The ethnic group’s perception of social organization
White Americans observed to have stronger relationships among communities and societies. They are more responsive to social and cultural organizations. Asian Americans give the main priority to social and environmental issues. It is also observed that they give more attention to financial stability and health well-being than environmental protection ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a9jc8u8cn8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hall et al., 2015)","plainCitation":"(Hall et al., 2015)"},"citationItems":[{"id":479,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/I3IJBAYB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/I3IJBAYB"],"itemData":{"id":479,"type":"article-journal","title":"Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health care professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: a systematic review","container-title":"American journal of public health","page":"e60-e76","volume":"105","issue":"12","author":[{"family":"Hall","given":"William J."},{"family":"Chapman","given":"Mimi V."},{"family":"Lee","given":"Kent M."},{"family":"Merino","given":"Yesenia M."},{"family":"Thomas","given":"Tainayah W."},{"family":"Payne","given":"B. Keith"},{"family":"Eng","given":"Eugenia"},{"family":"Day","given":"Steven H."},{"family":"Coyne-Beasley","given":"Tamera"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hall et al., 2015).
The ethic group’s perception of space.
Asian American's perception of space is comprehensive and all-encompassing. They accept the environment and their existence agreeably and keep their identity wherever they are living. They explore nature and display strong and unique attributes towards objects and people around them.
The ethnic group’s perception of time.
They exhibit and accept their existence among Americans hopefully though, considered as marginal members of the human race. A consensus was taken that has evaluated that they considered themselves smart, hardworking and competent as compared to other ethnic groups.
The ethnic group’s perception of environmental control.
Asian Americans have a higher level of information and knowledge regarding environment and environmental issues ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1ddp9oven8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Esman, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Esman, 2019)"},"citationItems":[{"id":50,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/KDQJLVZK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/KDQJLVZK"],"itemData":{"id":50,"type":"book","title":"Ethnic conflict in the Western World","publisher":"Cornell University Press","ISBN":"1-5017-3428-8","author":[{"family":"Esman","given":"Milton J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Esman, 2019). However, studies have shown that Asian Americans follow and adopt changes that are more environmentally friendly and safe.
Biological variations of that ethnic group
Asian Americans are observed with less likely to be involved in receiving healthcare counseling and treatment therapies. Physicians and nurses have shown negative acquaintances to Asian Americans while delivering healthcare facilities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a8fa5q36r1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ngo-Metzger, Legedza, & Phillips, 2004)","plainCitation":"(Ngo-Metzger, Legedza, & Phillips, 2004)"},"citationItems":[{"id":474,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/PSVY6U9G"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/PSVY6U9G"],"itemData":{"id":474,"type":"article-journal","title":"Asian Americans’ Reports of Their Health Care Experiences","container-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine","page":"111-119","volume":"19","issue":"2","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"OBJECTIVE\nTo examine how Asian race/ethnicity affects patients’ health care experiences and satisfaction with care.\n\nDESIGN\nTelephone interview using random-digit dialing, stratified to over-sample adults living in areas with disproportionately large numbers of minorities.\n\nPARTICIPANTS AND SETTING\nWhite (N = 3,205) and Asian-American (N = 521) respondents, weighted to represent all such adults living in the continental U.S. in telephone households.\n\nMEASUREMENTS\nReports of health care experiences and trust in the doctor at the last visit, and overall satisfaction with care and desire to change doctors in the last 2 years.\n\nMAIN RESULTS\nAsian Americans were less likely than whites to report that their doctors ever talked to them about lifestyle or mental health issues (P ≤ .01). They were more likely to report that their regular doctors did not understand their background and values (P ≤ .01). When asked about the last visit, they were more likely to report that their doctors did not listen, spend as much time, or involve them in decisions about care as much as they wanted (all P ≤ .0001). In multivariable analyses, Asian Americans were less likely than whites to report that they were very satisfied with care (odds ratio [OR], 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.99). However, they were not significantly less likely than whites to trust their doctors (OR, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.20), or to change doctors (OR, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.56).\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nIn a national survey, Asian Americans were less likely to receive counseling and less likely to report positive interactions with their doctors than white respondents. More research is needed to determine the reasons for these differences.","DOI":"10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30143.x","ISSN":"0884-8734","note":"PMID: 15009790\nPMCID: PMC1492145","journalAbbreviation":"J Gen Intern Med","author":[{"family":"Ngo-Metzger","given":"Quyen"},{"family":"Legedza","given":"Anna T R"},{"family":"Phillips","given":"Russell S"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004",2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ngo-Metzger, Legedza, & Phillips, 2004). Asian Americans have observed with significant health problems such as Tuberculosis found to be more common in them. Lung cancer and cervical cancer are more commonly observed in Asian Americans in men and women respectively. Cardiovascular diseases are more significantly prevalent among Asian Americans as compared to other ethnic groups.
It is the healthcare provider's responsibility to understand and show respect to all kinds of ethnic groups visiting their centers ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2710plc2cp","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ngo-Metzger et al., 2004)","plainCitation":"(Ngo-Metzger et al., 2004)"},"citationItems":[{"id":474,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/PSVY6U9G"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/PSVY6U9G"],"itemData":{"id":474,"type":"article-journal","title":"Asian Americans’ Reports of Their Health Care Experiences","container-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine","page":"111-119","volume":"19","issue":"2","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"OBJECTIVE\nTo examine how Asian race/ethnicity affects patients’ health care experiences and satisfaction with care.\n\nDESIGN\nTelephone interview using random-digit dialing, stratified to over-sample adults living in areas with disproportionately large numbers of minorities.\n\nPARTICIPANTS AND SETTING\nWhite (N = 3,205) and Asian-American (N = 521) respondents, weighted to represent all such adults living in the continental U.S. in telephone households.\n\nMEASUREMENTS\nReports of health care experiences and trust in the doctor at the last visit, and overall satisfaction with care and desire to change doctors in the last 2 years.\n\nMAIN RESULTS\nAsian Americans were less likely than whites to report that their doctors ever talked to them about lifestyle or mental health issues (P ≤ .01). They were more likely to report that their regular doctors did not understand their background and values (P ≤ .01). When asked about the last visit, they were more likely to report that their doctors did not listen, spend as much time, or involve them in decisions about care as much as they wanted (all P ≤ .0001). In multivariable analyses, Asian Americans were less likely than whites to report that they were very satisfied with care (odds ratio [OR], 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.99). However, they were not significantly less likely than whites to trust their doctors (OR, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.20), or to change doctors (OR, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.56).\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nIn a national survey, Asian Americans were less likely to receive counseling and less likely to report positive interactions with their doctors than white respondents. More research is needed to determine the reasons for these differences.","DOI":"10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30143.x","ISSN":"0884-8734","note":"PMID: 15009790\nPMCID: PMC1492145","journalAbbreviation":"J Gen Intern Med","author":[{"family":"Ngo-Metzger","given":"Quyen"},{"family":"Legedza","given":"Anna T R"},{"family":"Phillips","given":"Russell S"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004",2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ngo-Metzger et al., 2004). It is their right to be treated in a way they deserve. Being a nurse, I will prefer to understand their culture and ethnic aspects to deliver care according to their requirements to satisfy my Asian American patients. During my practice, I have observed that Asian Americans offer more respect and admiration to their physicians when receiving appropriate care from healthcare providers.
References
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Esman, M. J. (2019). Ethnic conflict in the Western World. Cornell University Press.
Hall, W. J., Chapman, M. V., Lee, K. M., Merino, Y. M., Thomas, T. W., Payne, B. K., … Coyne-Beasley, T. (2015). Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health care professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: a systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 105(12), e60–e76.
Ngo-Metzger, Q., Legedza, A. T. R., & Phillips, R. S. (2004). Asian Americans’ Reports of Their Health Care Experiences. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19(2), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30143.x
Toh, H. J., Low, J. A., Lim, Z. Y., Lim, Y., Siddiqui, S., & Tan, L. (2018). Jonsen’s Four Topics Approach as a Framework for Clinical Ethics Consultation. Asian Bioethics Review, 10(1), 37–51.
