More Subjects
Michael Johnston’s Deep Democratization Theory
[Author’s name]
Michael Johnston’s Deep Democratization Theory
Introduction
The broad idea of democracy is associated with various crucial forms of consideration. It is important to critically examine theoretical domains to figure out the actual functioning of the approach of democracy. It is worthy to mention that the detailed idea of deep democracy provides the philosophical foundations concerning the overall domain of process and the paradigm of the work. The concept of deep democratization is different from the conventional form of democracy because it mainly focuses on all the aspects relevant to awareness and frameworks of reality. Michael Johnston developed the perspective of deep democratization theory to deliver better philosophical base considering the main concern of corruption. Here the particular focus is to critically analyze Michael Johnston’s deep democratization theory to attain a better assessment of different vulnerabilities to corruption and its effects on the overall reforms.
Discussion
Consideration of the theoretical foundation is essential to attain a better understanding of the prevailing connection between corruption and the democratization. There are various themes connected with the concern of corruption in case of deep democratization. It is argued by Michael Johnston that the issue of corruption will persist even in the existence of the rule. This specific argument is used by the researcher to develop the theory of deep democratization. The key approach of the deep democratization makes it essential for the citizens to defend their interests with the proper consideration of political channels. This basic principle of the theory established by the author to form a better understanding of the four major syndromes of the issue of corruption. These particular syndromes recognized in the form of Official Moguls in Egypt and Tunisia, Oligarchs and Clans in the Philippines, Elite Cartels in Argentina, and the Influence market in France, Australia, and the United States of America.
It is integral to consider that there is a need for offering various responses when it comes to dealing with different kinds of corruption concerning the broad approach of deep democratization. The theory formulated by Michael Johnston in the form of deep democratization is established as the framework to successfully assess vulnerabilities to corruption and the overall effects of the reforms (Lavena, 2015). Furthermore, this form of knowledge can be utilized to explore new domains of favorable practices. The issue of corruption is closely connected with the factor of power. This certain association is used by the author to figure out different dimensions of corruption with the concern of deep democratization. At the initial stage of the analysis, it is important to establish this fact that corruption is an ongoing issue that can never be fully eradicated (Johnston, 2014). There is a need for adopting possible and fruitful reforms considering this particular this specific assumption. The theoretical concept of deep democratization provides the direction to evaluate the overall politics of corruption control. There is a need for examining various perspective on reform to better understand the operations of social and political procedures. Consideration of this specific approach is also suitable because the problem of corruption in different societies also come up with varied forms. Michael Johnston rightly established this prospect that there is need of observing specific social context to evaluate all the reforms links with the issue of corruption. Adoption of suitable political strategies is also an essential idea to propose better form in the society in case of corruption control.
The philosophical approach of deep democratization reveals that the approach of democracy itself can never be used in case of control of corruption in the country. It is argued by the author that the phenomenon of democracies also comprised of various forms of distinctive varieties of corruption. There is a need for enhancing focus on the theoretical grounds of deep democratization to find out new reforms in case of corruption control. Deep democratization provides a platform to establish it as the continuing procedure of forming workable rules. The theoretical perspective of deep democratization can be used to ensure better forms of accountability with the enhancement of the interest in the overall form of governing procedures. The practical implications of this idea can be assistive to draws force from the various operating levels of the society. It is also helpful to deeply monitor the functioning of institutions and the operations of the government. Combination of the social interests and implementation of the policy can immensely be productive to attain required forms of interests and values at the collective level. The essence of the philosophical approach of deep democratization is effectively proposed by Michael Johnston in case of checking corruption. The option of deep democratization is one complex and long approach that is linked with the proper intervention of many motivations and the practical domains. It is a complex perspective to successfully deal with the changing paradigm of the deep democratization referring to the distinct syndromes of corruption (Mungiu-Pippidi, 2016). Change of social setting is another major indicator linked with the application of the theoretical perspective of deep democratization. Economic change is one major indicator that impacts the consideration of deep democratization. Economic factors prevail in any society can never ignore to determine the actual process of deep democratization in the context of controlling corruption. It is rightly considered by the researcher that material well-being is one key factor for individuals to adopt the approach of corruption. People are interested to increase their financial domains by various means concerning the approach of economic activities.
The opportunity of deep democratization refers to the attainment of proper influence in case of different processes of rule-making. Various themes linked with the main idea can assess at different levels of social functioning. The main tasks of this particular theory can explore by considering the practical dimensions of this idea. These tasks are recognized as enhancement of pluralism, considering political and economic domains, the approach of reform activism, and the proper implementation of the main idea of accountability (Bull & Heywood, 2018). These certain tasks vary considering the application of syndrome of corruptions that differences exist in various societies. Detailed awareness of different frameworks of reality is crucial to determine the basic principles of the concept of deep democratization. The main idea of this theory comes up with the consideration to focus all the voices and interests to enhance the information level. The proper attitude of deep democratization is offered by the researcher to attain a better understanding of the central and the marginal forms of syndromes of corruption. The application of the theory ensures the active involvement of all the stakeholders of society to identify the root causes of corruption and propose better practical solutions to handle the problem of corruption. The experience of the deep democratization guarantees the proper flow of the process and the relevant activities to achieve the desired level of intervention in any society. Michael Johnston also comes up with the argument that deep democratization is one natural procedure that contains by any society considering the collective interests and voices. It is the social measurement that focuses on the involvement of all the stakeholders in the political procedure. In other words, this practical approach can establish as the active step to enhance the involvement of all shareholders in the procedure of handling the issue of corruption.
The theoretical idea of deep democracy makes it essential to consider the opinion and voice of others to enhance the prospect of diverse views. Undoubtedly, there is a need for increasing openness the point of view of others to figure out different reasons for the existing problem of corruption. Establishment of the theoretical perspective of deep democratization is not possible without the proper intervention of politics. The practical implications of the good governance are not possible without the consideration of other relevant factors such the political and economic considerations. The objective of the desired and successful reforms can never achieve without the involvement of all the stakeholders. Development of the trust at the collective level is another main aspect to ensure the proper utilization of the deep democratization (Silva, 2018). The objective of the successful reform can never imagine without the development of the necessary trust. Collective trust can establish as the beneficial form of working to achieve the desired level of reforms in case of corruption control. A collective-action problem such as the corruption prevails in the society demands to enhance the characteristic of trust to overcome the growing difficulty.
Conclusion
In a nutshell, it is worthy to consider that adoption of the indirect strategies at different levels of functioning in the society can be helpful to ensure the proper acquisition of the theoretical idea of deep democratization. Exploration of the contrasting syndromes of corruption is mandatory to successfully utilize the desired form of deep democratization according to the need of the society. The difference of opportunities, origins, and complications in case of different societies demands to consider the issue of corruption in the forms of various syndromes of corruption. The platform of the deep democratization can be assistive for the societies to use this theoretical idea according to the deep-rooted-situation of corruption.
References
Bull, M. J., & Heywood, P. M. (2018). Introduction: towards a better understanding of corruption and anti-corruption. European Political Science, 1-4.
Johnston, M., 2014. Corruption, contention and reform: the power of deep democratization.Cambridge University Press.
Lavena, C. F. (2015). Book Review: Corruption, Contention, and Reform: The Power of Deep Democratization.
Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2016). For a new generation of objective indicators in governance and corruption studies. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 363-367.
Silva, P. (2018). Neoliberalism, democratization, and the rise of technocrats. In The Changing Role of the State in Latin America (pp. 75-92). Routledge.
More Subjects
Join our mailing list
© All Rights Reserved 2024