Essay

Impact of Industrial Revolution on European Society

Introduction

The Industrial Revolution that took place from 18 to 19 century is defined as a period of evolution, accompanied by innovation and the utlisation of ideas that brought Europe at the heights of revival. It would not be wrong to say that Industrial Revolution is a code of renaissance that favored European society with the leaps and bounds of success and prosperity. Industrialisation marked and denoted a shift towards empowerment imparted by specialised machinery and mass production. Before the Industrial Revolution, many of the people resided in rural and small communities with their lives revolving around the daily exercises and farming. The average life of an individual was turned into a worth living life accompanied by the fruit of success and the enrichment of life with certain standards adhering to the limelight of empowerment. There are several contributing factors to the Industrial Revolution, affirming that it was the deposit of coal and iron ore that paved the way for industrialisation. (Stearns, et, al. 2018). As the demand of the British goods increased, there was a dire need for the merchants and the cost-effective methods of production that lead to the enlightenment of the factory system and mechanisation. In a nutshell, the Industrial Revolution is a spectrum that changed the history and destination of the European society adhering to the core standards of better life and prosperity.

Discussion

Before the advent of the Industrial Revolution, that begun in the late 17 century, the manufacturing was done in the private places by using hand tools, and the major task was manual in nature. Industrialisation shifted the trends toward factories and special purpose machinery along with the development of steam engines and other objects that played a central role in the Industrial Revolution. The cheap coal and the scarce water gravitated towards the use of steam engines making them a major source of power and the investment of new machines. There was a sudden displacement from expired statuses to an adequate system of transportation, banking and communication. Industrialisation brought a great development in the form of increased variety and volume of the manufactured goods along with improved life standards. The overturn towards evolution was not easy the affirmation can be traced in the history of Industrial Revolution dictionary where Luddite word was made a part of the literal context. (Stearns, et, al. 2018). The term is derived from the group of 19-century English workers who attacked the factories and destroyed the machinery as a means of protest and negation. Despite negation, innovation and industrialisation acted as a baseline of evolution adhering to the mechanisation and factories that were made in the private places. Merchants were responsible for supplying the goods and articles to the home industries and then collect the products. Although it seems much easy-to-go but there were many crises associated with it as well there were no time constraints because the owners perform their work willingly and it created a great problem for the merchants. The development of the iron industry played a central role in the Industrial Revolution. In the early 18 century, easy and cheaper methods of production of cast iron were identified such as the use of the coke-fueled furnace. A British engineer discovered the first inexpensive processes for mass production of steel. (Stearns, et, al. 2018).

The transportation industry also underwent a remarkable transformation during the Industrial Revolution. Before the advent of the steam engine, the goods were carried and hauled via wagons that were driven by horses and the boats by the passage of canals and rivers. The invention of the steamboat facilitated locomotion. In 1830, Englands Liverpool and the Manchester Railway became the first channel to offer regular passenger service. By 1850, in Britain, there were more than 6000 miles of the railroad track. By 1820, a new connection of roads was established to facilitate a smoother and durable passage and safe transport. Industrial Revolution facilitated communication with the invention of the telegraph, and the continuous efforts resulted in a telegraph cable across Atlantic by 1866. There was significant enlightenment of banks and the Industrial financiers a stock exchange was established that improved the economic system. It is important to note that an enterprise, free stock exchange system was brought into practice. It would not be wrong to say that the Industrial Revolution made Europe a continent of Continental Industrialization. (Landes, et, al.pp.128-159, 2018).

The initial application of the machinery for the production was completed in continental Europe. By 1813, the factories were established in America as well the Americans began to surpass the British technological advancements. The need of labours for the growing number of factories in America was fulfilled by the rural New England. The labourers were immigrants, and they were all unskilled labours. This fact doomed America towards the concept of Labor- intensive Economy. Taking into account the impact of Industrial Revolution on Europe, despite a staunch believe in the social mobility, and an emphasis on the equality of the economic opportunities, there was a radical difference in the wealthy owners and the layman. Addressing the attitude of the European society as a result of Industrial Revolution highlighted progression. Although much of Europe was still stuck with the traditional ways, there was a great social impact that paved the way for future prospects of growth. In the nineteenth century, the government started to take part in the periodic censuses and data collection on births, marriages and deaths. (Landes, et, al.pp.128-159, 2018). The key to the expansion of population can be traced in the decline of death rates that were much evident throughout Europe. The dramatic growth of the cities in the first section of the nineteenth century paved the way for miserable living conditions for many of the inhabitants. Rapid urbanisation reduced the quality of life. The city authorities were held responsible for the fall of living standards, but it was highlighted that the city authorities belonged to the population of factory owners who held no public responsibility. It would not be wrong to say that the society was equally tormented and facilitated by the Industrial Revolution. (Landes, et, al.pp.128-159, 2018).

In the last decade of the 19 century, most of the European nations took radical steps to grab Africa, and only Ethiopia was left on the map as an independent country. France was the first industrial competitor having an equal potential as that of Great Britain. The French manufacturers concentrated on the supplies of cotton to the textile factories that rose at about five times greater speed as that of British Isles. The French manufacturers focused their attention on the completed products. There were many luxury products such as leather goods and woven silk. It would not be wrong to say that the Industrial Revolution was the source of bringing knowledgeable heed in the world. The rise of the Industrial Capitalism laid the foundation of a new middle-class group. (Landes, et, al.pp.128-159, 2018). The middle class was the town dwellers that employed a particular set of rights and responsibilities. It is important to note that the social origins of the industrial entrepreneurs were remarkably diverse. One of the most heated debates in the section of Industrial Revolution adheres to the standards of living. Many of the historians infer that the long run of Industrial Revolution highlighted and increased the life standards side by side there was a record of higher per capita income ratio and the greater consumer choice made Europe home to innovations and reliability. (Landes, et, al.pp.128-159, 2018).

Conclusion

Taking into account the history of Industrial Revolution it is affirmed that it was one of the significant forces of change in the nineteenth century as it led to Western Civilization. Starting from Britain, the new nation was a spectrum of domination of the Western World and growth. The Industrial Revolution apparently paved the way for the Europeans to affirm the underlying assumptions of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. The other side of the assumption adheres to the fact of loss of voice in the excitement of the trends and the unheard voices that reflected the dehumanisation of the workforce and the alienation of the population from oneself, ones association and the natural world. The Industrial Revolution also transformed and reshaped the social world of Europe, taking into account the creation of the industrial proletariat of the well-groomed and wealthy industrial middle class that presented the challenge to the long term hegemony of the landed wealth. (Landes, et, al.pp.128-159, 2018). Although the wealth has been accelerated by the appealing fortunes of commerce, there was no over-turn because the bourgeoisie section was more demanding in terms of personal interest. The overall history of Industrial Revolution can be defined in a few chunks where the complete timeline of revolution is pictured by certain series of events such as invention, industrialisation, and employment along with the invention of telegraphs. All these events lead to urbanisation where the division of the people and the interference of the blind chase of empowerment overwhelmed the society. (Stearns, et, al. 2018). An exegetical analysis address that there are two sides of the coin of Industrial Revolution, at one side is the distinction of Europe form the rest of world in the form of industrialization while the other side infers the dehumanized side adhering to the implementation of mechanical laws on the humans for the chase of personal interest.

Work Cited

Landes, D.S., 2018. The fable of the dead horse or, the Industrial Revolution revisited. InThe British Industrial Revolution(pp. 128-159). Routledge.

Stearns, P.N., 2018.The industrial revolution in world history. Routledge.

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