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Contact Lenses Literally at a Glance
Author Firstname Lastname
University
ABSTRACT
The following paper highlights some major and some minor aspects of contact lenses. Contact lenses are the marvelous and extremely convenient invention that is suffusing a substantial notion of confidence and ease to the lives of millions of people all around the globe. The following paper addresses its types, chronology, manufacturing intricacies, as well as its bright and downsides, along with a few precautionary pieces of advice. In short, the paper is a briefly ascribed biography of contemporary celebrities called contact lenses.
Contact Lenses Literally at a Glance
The youthful sparkle in Ronald Reagans eyes is caused by his contact lenses, which he keeps highly polished.
-Sheilah Graham Westbrook
Introduction
The contact lens is also known as contact and is comprised of a fine lens that is designed to be placed straight on the eyes faade cornea. Such lenses are widely used by people all around the planet and lie under the category of ocular prosthetic tools ( Moreddu et al. 2019). The devices are useful in enhancing the vision of the eye and also proffering people with a unique chance to alter their biological eye color temporarily. In the contemporary era, most of the individuals are inclined toward the experience of contact lenses and prefer them over conventional reading glasses or spectacles for a clearer vision. Sportspeople, models, students, professionals, and other ordinary populace employ contact lenses on a regular basis, and some prefer to wear them on special occasions. In past decades, contacts were used to be worn throughout the day or any special event and taken out before sleeping for cleansing of extracted eye protein from the surface of the lenss thin layer. Nevertheless, the enhanced version of contacts afterward made them suitable for extended wear, and gradually people become accustomed to the idea of one-a-day contacts as well. Such disposable lenses allow users to discard the used contacts without getting anxious about the delicate and time-taking cleaning process.
Types Of Contact Lens
Initially, there were only basic types of contact lenses, which included soft, gas-permeable, and hard contact. However, by the passage of time and implied technological advancement, the types of contact lenses inflated and in turn, expanded its classification scope simultaneously. At the moment, there are more than 800 varieties of contact lenses are available in the market. The types disposable soft, extended-wear, spherical, daily, toric, monovision, multi and bifocals, rigid gas permeable, hard, conventional and visibility tinted, enhancers, and opaque are eminent (Contact, 2019).
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All types of lenses feature a distinct set of attributes and designed to address the particular requirements of a wide customer base. In due course, soft contacts are comfy opt, but because of their perceived softness, they are more prone to be ripped off instantaneously. On the other hand, the hard ones are enduring, but usually, they come out of the cornea. Therefore, users prefer gas-permeable contacts over the other two extremes as they provide a balanced solution with utmost comfort along with a promise of endurance.
History Life and Times of Contact Lenses
Leonardo Da Vinci and Rene Descartes Contacts (1500s and 1600s)
Contact lenses are not an invention of the modern epoch, and astonishingly the advent of this modernistic device is explicitly interconnected with Leonardo Da Vinci. It was 1508 when the renowned Italian artist and inventor Da Vinci presented the preamble for such an astounding ocular device in terms of codex of the eye manual (McKay, 2018). According to the underlying posit of Da Vinci, the technique had the potential to alter the power of vision in a direct manner. In due course, Da Vinci experimented head submergence into the water bowl and observed an altered, an enhanced view. Subsequent to that experimental study Da Vinci developed a glass lens as well, which enticed the shape of a funnel on the other side of the funnel, the water was supposed to be decanted, but the design and usage of the device were not pragmatic enough to be implemented. By following the footstep Rene Descartes, a French Scientist, proposed a similar mechanism in 1636. Descartess ocular tool rendered the design of a glass tube that was infused with fluids and created for direct contact with the surface of the eye it was the time when the term contact coined. Descartess design was, of course, a bit improved than of Da Vincis. Still, practicality was absent from this apparatus as well because wearing such a glass tube directly on cornea snatched the individuals ability to blink. However, as a matter of fact, in ancient times, no technological assistance was available, and such inevitable design failures assuredly hindered the first official development of the idea that was originated in the 1500s. Consequently, after a considerable span of four centuries, the first corneal contact was developed in 1949.
Thomas Young A Further Step (1800s)
After unavoidable malfunction of Descartess glass tube contact device, an English scientist Thomas Young attempted to test his luck in the mtier. In due course, Young extracted the fundamentals of Descartes glass tube and modified the size by lessening the dimensions of the glass tube. Moreover, Young also aimed to comprehend the ways to adhere to the lens to his cornea, and for this purpose, he used wax on a glass tube lens. Nevertheless, the idea of sticking something like that was a ridiculous and reckless imitative, but for that Young is accredited for introducing astigmatism in the eye care sphere. Regardless of all tiresome endeavors, Youngs model too became an erroneous experiment. In 1845, Sir John Herschel proposed the concept of molding for an improved vision, but associated lack of technological aids and advancement impeded any practical progress regarding that idea.
Technology Meets the Vision (late 1800s)
By the late 1800s, technologies for manufacturing, shaping, and cutting the glass and similar materials emerged. As a result, in 1880, Louis J. Girard, Dr. Adolf Fick, and Eugene Cult invented the lenses to fit the eyes with ease of blinking. It is asserted that Dr. Adolf Fick has credit for penning the A Contact Spectacle through which potency of refractive power for enhanced visions was elaborated. Amidst of all hullaballoo, invented scleral lenses, which had some fundamental and unavoidable problems, which include the coverage of the entire eye, and massive glass material that obstructed the oxygen of eyes and also caused discomfort and pain altogether.
Eureka Eyes Meet Contact Lenses (1900s)
It was 1920 when Hungarian scientists Istvan Komromy Dr. Dallos realized the expansion and viability of technology to revise and evaluate the perceived hypothesis of Herschel. As a result, the molds were created by referencing the real eye texture and shape. Afterward, in 1930, the arrival of plastic allowed scientists to experiment with a similar design on a lighter and relatively safe material. In the wake of the discovery of plastic lenses, the glass-made lenses lost their popularity in a jiffy. Further, in 1948, Kevin Touhy accidentally unearthed the possibility of a skimmed lens design, and corneal lenses came into being. Subsequent to all these series of experimentation, testing, rejections, failures, approvals, and eurekas, the journey of contact lenses is still going on, and hopefully, the world will be bestowed with more expedient and stylish visionary solutions in upcoming centuries.
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Manufacturing of Contact Lenses
Unlike past centuries the contact lenses in the contemporary epoch of scientific and technological advancement are made with a plastic polymer. Different types of lenses tend to utilize various types of materials. The selection of material and proportion also depends on the manufacturers.
Manufacturing of Soft Contacts
For the production of soft contacts, a water-loving hydrophilic plastic is used. The hydrogels are capable of absorbing the water and therefore remain soft and fragile and sustain the optical attributes all along the way. Soft contacts may be produced by cutting lathe or mold injecting procedures. During the lathe cutting approach, the buttons or non-hydrated disks are escalated on continuously swirling shafts. On the shafts, the digital precision cutting robots shape the lenses. Afterward, the shaped contact is removed and dispatched for being hydrated. A molded and hydrated contact then tested for the assurance of quality standards. Phenomenally, most of the disposable contact lenses manufacturers preferring injecting processes because through injection molding techniques, the system entices more automation and consumes lesser time and energy. During injection molding, computer-based molds are employed (Heiting, 2017).
Manufacturing Of Gas-Permeable Contacts
Oxygen-permeable plastic polymers are the main ingredient in the making of rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. Such polymers are comprised of fluorine and silicone, and the extremely meager content of hydration augments the rigidness of lenses to a considerable extent. Unlike other commercial contacts, the gas-permeable contact lenses are customized commodity and are explicitly produced according to the provided prescription of experts. The associated customary production makes it a costly option. Moreover, the gas-permeable lenses are stubborn in nature and, therefore, do not obey the rules of every eye that makes the process of manufacturing more intricate. The manufacturing of GP lenses follows similar steps of lathe cutting, but dissimilar to soft lenses, GP lenses do not get hydrated right after being cut instead, they are subject to be dispatch to the doctor in a dry form (Heiting, 2017).
Manufacturing of Semi-Gas-Permeable and Soft Lenses (Hybrid)
Lenses that amalgamate the chrematistics of both gas-permeable and soft contacts are known as hybrid contact lenses. The hybrid contact design embraces a focal zone of rigid GP lens surrounded by soft adjustable material. Hybrid lenses are produced by following the similar procedural of lathe cutting. However, the plastic disc or buttons replaced with a gas-permeable center which further enclosed by a soft but non-hydrated contact substance. Afterward, the proprietary technological equipment is used to establish the integral adherence of both materials.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Contacts
Like all the other products and materials the contact lenses also implicate some pros and cons. A brief overview of both perspectives is inscribed in the content below.
Bright Side of Contact Lenses
By using contact lenses an individual can indulge a correct and enhanced vision to attend regular and specific life events both on personal and professional levels.
Contact lenses are not heavy and visible and eradicate the need of nerdy spectacles effectively
People who use contact lenses by replacing their spectacles observed a substantial difference between the provided visions. Contact lenses are effectual in proffering an improved sight.
Dissimilar to the regular and old fashion uniform spectacles, the wide variety of contact lenses allows users to experience versatility and options to pick the contact that perfectly match with their particular and unique requirements.
Models, brides and public figures are slanted toward a charming and visibly pleasant persona and therefore contact lenses are practical solution to deal with vision problems without tarnishing the appearance.
Not-So-Bright Side of Contact Lenses
Not all people can afford the luxury of disposable contacts that in turn elevate the need of maintaining the conventional contacts. And it seems problematic and irksome to clean, disinfect and manage the lenses when one becomes tired at the end of the day.
Some corneal lenses are prone to get damages during applying and removing that could increment the risks of scratches and corneal infections.
Regardless of the intertwined efficacy the contact lenses are unnatural objects that can be damaged and lost in the middle of nowhere by leaving the user with an impaired vision and confused personality.
Not all people have satisfactory comments about contact lenses and mitigate the universal efficiency of the device.
Using contact lenses (specifically the gas-permeable) involves a sizeable cost that incorporates the expenditure of disinfectant and replacement.
Not all professional mtier sustain the idea of wearing contact lenses, as at some sites it is imperative to protect the lenses from outside factors.
Conclusion
Contact lenses are a miraculous and expedient invention that suffusing significant ease of the lives of several people. The history of lenses underlines an elongate journey of the device that sometimes encountered disheartening failures and absence or lack of adequate technological facilities. However, regardless of all obscurities and obstructions, contact lenses passed the test of the time and got evolved throughout every century. From Da Vinci to modern age, the contact lenses confronted several examinations and peril of being dejected, but it seems that the invention of contact lenses was meant to be. Consequently, it emerged as a luxurious and handy commodity in eradicating vision-based problems of a myriad of individuals. Admittedly, contacts still have some downsides but by observing their past improvements and transformations, it can be affirmed that in upcoming decades, all such disadvantages will be turned into ultimate perks. Reference
1-800 Contacts Connect Types of Contact Lenses.1800contacts.com,. https//www.1800contacts.com/connect/articles/types-of-contact-lenses (Accessed November 19, 2019).
Hieting, G., 2017 How are contact lenses made. Allaboutvision.com,. https//www.allaboutvision.com/contacts/faq/how-cls-made.htm (Accessed November 19, 2019).
McKay, S., 2018 Contact Lenses Stephen McKay Opticians. Stephenmckayopticians.co.uk,. http//www.stephenmckayopticians.co.uk/contact- lenses/ (Accessed November 19, 2019).
Moreddu, R., D. Vigolo, and A. Yetisen, 2019 Contact Lens Technology From Fundamentals to Applications.Advanced Healthcare Materials, 8, 1900368, doi10.1002/adhm.201900368.
Musgrave, C., and F. Fang, 2019 Contact Lens Materials A Materials Science Perspective.Materials, 12, 261, doi10.3390/ma12020261.
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