Regulation Of The Market For Alcohol In Australia

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REGULATION OF THE MARKET FOR ALCOHOL IN AUSTRALIA

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REGULATION OF THE MARKET FOR ALCOHOL IN AUSTRALIA

Quantitative analysis of the current market for cheap wine, based on the illustrative model given in the table above and an evaluation of the effects on this market of three possible policies (i) implementing a 13 per liter price floor on wine (1.30 per standard drink, in addition to the current tax) (ii) replacing the current 29 proportionate price tax with a volumetric tax of 5/L (0.50 per standard drink) and (iii) a combination of these two policies.

Quantitative analysis

In an economic perspective, demand is extensively influenced by customers buying behaviours and decisions. In the analytical context, the demand is depicted through a line or curve that features various combinations of price and quantity consumers are willing to pay to avail a particular service or product. The lower price refers to higher demand and elevated prices affect the demand negatively it is called the law of demand. Similarly, the below chart demonstrates that higher price reduced the demand for wine. Meanwhile, the prices inclusive of 29 tax and mitigated prices stabled the supply by 0.32. On the other hand, the supply that is exclusive of tax increased the quantity of the supply by 0.029.

13 per liter price floor on wine (i.e. 1.30 per standard drink, in addition to the current tax).

In this regard, the supply in inclusive of 29 of tax will convert into P1.30 0.08Q from P1 0.08Q, and for this change, the curve will be as follow. The graph demonstrates that even a shift in the price of inclusive tax lifts the demand slightly up.

Replacing the current 29 proportionate price tax with a volumetric tax of 5/L (0.50 per standard drink).

Even after implementing a volumetric tax of 0.50 per standard drink (Australian price 0.75 per standard drink), the demand curve slides up with a slight margin.

A combination of these two policies.

2.An illustrative model showing the operating position for an individual price-taking producer of cheap wine, currently in long-run equilibrium with an analysis of how this firm will be affected by these three polices.

Price-taker can be defined as a company or individuals that are bound to encounter the prevailing prices in the market the mechanism lacks the influence of market share on the market price. The interconnectivity between demand and supply signifies a determinant market equilibrium that in turn, makes both buyers and sellers price-takers such scenario is known as competitive equilibrium (Hayes, 2019). In real life instances, markets usually do not demonstrate a perfect competition however, some policies and their associated problems can be used as parameters to evaluate the supply and demand model. For instance, government-imposed tax policy affects the benefits of either sellers or buyers or both producers and consumers partially. In situations when consumer surplus dwindles, they have to pay increased prices of a product and has o deduct the buying events. Contrarily, the fall in producer surplus makes producers generate less and obtain a decreased net price. In scenarios when the total surplus gets down the government earns the revenue through taxes and therefore causes a loaded thrashing. Nevertheless, the case of cheap wine illustrates that the effects of taxes did not harm the demand curve because of the addictive nature of the commodity that somehow makes the price of product irrelevant against the associated utility.

All the three policies make an insubstantial difference to the long-run equilibrium of the cheap wine because it is almost an addiction and therefore increase in price seldom reflects as a significant demand drop. Secondly, the market is in perfect competition, and therefore, the producer of cheap wine can stay in business and hope for steady revenue. The marginal cost and average cost curve asserting that the price-taker producer is not encountering a loss either earning a significant profit. However, the firm will not get benefits from leaving the industry at this point because other businesses have limited incentives to enter the market at this time.

3. A discussion of alcohol policy

The sales and usage of alcohol is an exacerbated issue not only in Australia but all across the planet unfortunately, all the implied rules and regulation to prevent the adversaries encountered some substantial flaws. In 2016, it was pinpointed that Australias taxation system regarding alcohol is not accurately harmonized with economic and public health facades. At that time, it was observed that the taxing system against alcohol commodities only promoting the usage of cheap wine and in turn, elevating the harmful impact of such products (Dobson, 2016). Afterwards, in 2018, studies in the area of sin taxes explored the advantages and cons of implicating a sin tax on indulging activities and products. Sin taxes are the subject of sizzling debates because according to the experts, the implication of sin taxes obscures the primary purposes of its imposition. The two purposes can be categorized as daunting the peoples attitude and buying behaviour toward the product. The second purpose is to offset the disbursement to society against practising detrimental behaviour. As a result, the supporters of sin taxes allege that government necessitates an additional amount of monetary resources to deal with the sick and unhealthy populace and therefore the imposition of negative externalities on the society is a feasible initiative (Economist, 2018). When researched thoroughly, it was found that tobacco and alcohol were the most prominent items that less affected by increased taxes because of associated addictive attributes. The very study reflected that the change made in this regard is insignificant, and only a little effect was noted in the sales of alcohol and tobacco after augmenting the amount of taxes (Economist, 2018).

Contrarily, the application of floor pricing strategy that was opted by the Australian government in 2018 brought futile outcomes. Such regulations delivered the extra charged amount to rehab services, and the government has to confront a shaky taxed-based budget. Phenomenally, floor prices are defined as a minimum value, below which, sales of alcohol is banned. For example, if the price of a litre of wine is A5 at an average of five standard drinks, then it cannot be sold for A8.30 at least. The most prevailing con of the minimum or floor price tactic is the spending of exceeding money on alcohol-based products retrieved by the industry. In due context, it is observed that diminution in the utilization of commodity will not wholly compensate the augmented prices. Meanwhile, the levy that is collected by the government employed to finance NT alcohol programs that leave the government with no benefit (Livingston, 2018).

In this context, it is evident that no policy is adequate to its entirety when it comes to controlling the sales and consumption of alcohol. The graphs and economic situation of the paper also underline that increase in taxes did not hurt the demand curve as it should have. Therefore, the government should employ some qualitative intervention along with quantitative measures to mitigate the adversaries of alcohol usage along with its side-effects. Alcohol economic stratagem and effectual tax amendments are significant social and health concerns, and therefore the government needs to take active actions to perk up the quality of life and health altogether.

References

Dobson, C. (2016, August 3). Alcohol tax reform will save lives and money.  HYPERLINK http//actiononalcohol.org.au/alcohol-tax-reform-will-save-lives-and-money/ http//actiononalcohol.org.au/alcohol-tax-reform-will-save-lives-and-money/.

Hayes, A. (2019, September 3). Price-Takers What They Are, How They Work.  HYPERLINK https//www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pricetaker.asp https//www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pricetaker.asp.

Livingston , M. (2018). Minimum price on alcohol in the NT will likely reduce harm.  http//theconversation.com/minimum-price-on-alcohol-in-the-nt-will-likely- reduce-harm-92577.

Sin taxes-eg, on tobacco-are less efficient than they look. (2018, July 28).  https//www.economist.com/international/2018/07/28/sin-taxes-eg-on-tobacco-are- less-efficient-than-they-look.

REGULATION OF THE MARKET FOR ALCOHOL IN AUSTRALIA

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