Class Assignment

Milton Molina

Class Assignment

8th April, 2019

Throughout the life of the United States, international immigration has played and continues to play a major role. The United States is fully indebted for its rise in international immigration and, above all, immigration from European countries. Immigration is one of the fundamental factors for the growth of the US economy. The contribution of immigrants to the production of GDP was particularly significant in the postwar years. A number of enterprises founded by immigrants are considered to be the flagships of the American economy. Despite significant public spending associated with immigration, in the end, the balance between income and expenditure from immigration is positive, which contributes to the welfare of the whole nation and the country's stable geopolitical position on the world stage (Chiswick, 1982).

The main factors of immigration to the United States throughout the time were economic, political and religious. The problem of immigration in any country always has several aspects - economic, social and political. The economic aspect is directly related to the nature and pace of development of the national economy, with the state of the internal labor market. The higher the growth rate, the higher the need for labor, which cannot always be satisfied with internal resources. At the same time, employers are interested in expanding the flow of labor, as this leads to a decrease in its cost and an increase in production efficiency. The current financial crisis has had a different impact on the American labor market. It was immigrants who suffered the most from it, the unemployment rate among immigrants exceeds that of the local population, and especially this disproportion is observed in the low-skilled segment of the labor market (Kerr et al., 2011). The main source of international immigrants at the stage of formation of the United States has become the countries of Western and Northern Europe. Gradually, their share began to decline, first they were pressed by people from Central and Eastern Europe, and, subsequently, from Asia, Africa and Latin America (Benhabib, 1996).

Proposed solutions

Firstly, it is necessary to create conditions for attracting immigrants to permanent residence, primarily for compatriots from the CIS and Baltic countries in the quantity necessary to replace the natural decline in the population of USA.

It is important to pay special attention to the search for mechanisms to attract labor immigrants, primarily highly skilled workers and young people. To address this issue, it is necessary to use the accumulated experience of developed countries, in particular the United States, as the main magnet of attraction for highly qualified personnel.

create a new immigration channel for USA - business immigration. In all developed countries, legislation provides for significant preferences for those immigrants who are willing to invest their money in the economy of the host country. Taking into account USA specifics, a differentiated approach is proposed to establish the minimum amount of investments and create jobs for local residents. In order to stimulate migration to the border areas of Siberia and the Far East, the minimum amount of investment should be significantly lower than, for example, for the central part of USA. Also the branches in which immigrants invest funds should be subject to differentiation. For example, if an immigrant plans to open a manufacturing enterprise, the amount should be significantly lower than if he opened an enterprise. It engaged in trade or services. We have proposed an appropriate method of calculation, allowing potential immigrants to choose the most suitable option for them.

The potential of educational immigration should be more actively used. USA has a unique educational and scientific potential.

It is necessary to reduce emigration from USA. The solution of this problem requires the adoption of immediate measures aimed at reducing emigration, especially of the working-age population.

References

Chiswick, Barry R. "The gateway: US immigration issues and policies." (1982).

Kerr, Sari Pekkala, and William R. Kerr. Economic impacts of immigration: A survey. No. w16736. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011.

Benhabib, Jess. "On the political economy of immigration." European Economic Review 40.9 (1996): 1737-1743.